Chapter3 ProjectileMotionNotes

Introduction
v NonlinearMotionMotionalongacurvedpath.

e.g.throwingabaseball,cannon,ballrolling offtable.
v 2independentcomponentsofmotion:

Horizontal=remainsconstantw/oaforceactingonit. Vertical=changesw/time,gpullsobjectat10m/s/s. Combinedeffectsproduceacurvedpath,however, neithercomponentaffectstheother.

v Vectors(arrows)helpusunderstandthismotion.

3.1VectorandScalarQuantities
v Vectorquantity:Aquantitythatrequiresboth

magnitude&direction. e.g.velocity,acceleration v Scalarquantity:Aquantitythatisdescribedby magnitudeonly.Canbeadded,subtracted,multiplied &divided. e.g.mass,volume&time v Arrowsareusedtorepresentvectorquantities. lengthofarrow=magnitude directionofarrow=directionofvectorquantity

3.2VelocityVectors
FollowontheBoard
v Supposeanairplaneisflyingnorthat100km/h

andthereisatailwindblowingnorthata velocityof20km/h. v Supposethesameairplaneturnsaroundand fliesintothewind. v Supposeanairplaneflyingnorthat80km/h caughtastrongcrosswindof60km/hblowing westtoeast.

3.2Continued
Resultant:theresultofaddingtwovectors. Howdoyoufindtheresultant? Vectorsatrightangles:
1. 2. 3.

v v

Draw2vectorswithtailstouching Drawparallelprojectionofeachvectorwithdashedlines Drawthediagonal(frompointwheretailsaretouching) Formaparallelogram,theresultantisitsdiagonal.

Vectorsnotatrightangles:
1.

Note:Toadd2vectorsthatareequalinmagnitude&atright angles,weuseasquare.Thediagonalisthesquarerootof 2or1.414timesthelengthofoneofitssides.

3.3ComponentsofVectors
v v

Anyvectorcanbebrokendownintoitsvertical andhorizontalvectors,calledcomponents. Resolution:processofdeterminingthe componentsofavector.(p.32,Figure3.7)

VerticalandHorizontallinesaredrawnfromthetail ofthevector. 2. Arectangleisdrawnthatenclosesthevectorasits diagonal. 3. Sidesoftherectanglearethedesiredcomponents.
1.

3.4ProjectileMotion
Projectiles:stonethrowninair,cannonball,etc. v ProjectileMotion: Horizontalvelocityremainsconstantwhennohorizontalforce actsonprojectile. Verticalvelocitychangesduestogravity. v Combinedaffectproducescurvedpath,parabola.
v

3.5UpwardlyLaunchedProjectiles

Nogravity=projectile followsstraightlinepath. v Withgravity=projectile fallsbeneathline,same verticaldistanceitwould fallfromrest. 2ord=5t 2 v d=gt

v

3.5Continued
v Figure3.11,p.36
Horizontalcomponentisalwaysthesame Verticalcomponentchanges Resultant=diagonalofrectangleformed Initialvelocityisgreaterduetoincreaseinangle=higherpath Pathsofprojectileswithsameinitialspeedbutdifferentprojectionangles. Projectilesreachdifferentheight&horizontaldistances. Distanceisthesameforprojectileslaunchedatanglesthataddupto90 degrees. Maximumrangeordistanceisobtainedat45degreeangle

v Figure3.12,p.36 v Figure3.13,p.36

v Ifairresistanceissmall,itwilltakethesameamountoftimeforprojectile toreachitsmaxheightasitdoestofall v Forshortrangeprojectiles,assumegroundisflat. Longrangeprojectiles,accountforearthscurvature.

3.6FastMovingProjectilesSatellites
v EarthSatellite:aprojectile

travelingfastenoughtofall aroundtheearthratherthan intoit. Thisspeedis8km/sor 18,000mi/h v Satellitesorbitaboveearths atmosphereinordertoavoid airdragandburningup. Cantavoidgravity!