ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS) Framework and ASEAN Biocontrol (ABC) for Sustainable Agrifood Systems

Table of Contents
I. II. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................4 Food Security Initiatives at global and regional level ......................................................................................5 Global Food Security Initiatives .......................................................................................................................6 Regional Food Security Initiatives ...................................................................................................................7 III. ASEAN and Food Security...............................................................................................................................8 IV. ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS) Framework ..................................................................................10 V. ASEAN Biocontrol (ABC) for Sustainable Agrifood Systems and ASEAN Integrated Food Security Framework ......................................................................................................................................................12 VI. Process Management ......................................................................................................................................14 Detailed description of activities, and indicators ............................................................................................14 Implementation Timeline and Schedule .........................................................................................................15 Annex I: Appendix 1 COMPONENTS AND STRATEGIC THRUSTS OF ASEAN INTEGRATED FOOD SECURITY (AIFS) FRAMEWORK .....................................................................................................................16 Conceptual Diagram of ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS) Framework ....................................................18 Annex II: Matrix of Strategic Plan of Action on Food Security in the ASEAN Region (SPA-FS) 2009 - 2013 ...19

List of Figures and Tables

Figure 1 Number of undernourished people in the world, 1969-71 to 2010 (FAO).................................................5 Figure 2 Proportion of undernourished people in developing countries, 1969-71 to 2010 (FAO) ..........................5 Figure 3 Regional share of undernourished (1990-2 2006-8) (FAO Statistical Yearbook 2012) .........................8 Figure 4 Impact of high food prices by region (FAO)..............................................................................................9 Figure 5 Timeline showing development of ASEAN initiatives and cooperation in the area of food security .....10 Figure 6 Components and Strategic Thrusts of ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS) Framework ................11 Table 1 Four dimensions of food security ................................................................................................................4 Table 2 Available food supply, minimum dietary energy requirement and food deficit of undernourished population (kcal/person/day) in ASEAN countries, Average 2006- 2008 (FAOSTAT) ..........................................8 Table 3 Proposed outputs of ASEAN Biocontrol for Sustainable Agrifood Systems (first phase: 2011-2013) ....13 Table 4 Implementation Timeline ..........................................................................................................................15

I.

Introduction

Over the last three decades, the concept of food security has evolved to reflect the shift in policy thinking and the complexities of the issue. Food security concept was originally introduced in the mid-1970s following the global oil crisis and related food crisis of 1972-74. The initial focus of the concept was on the volume and stability of food supplies. Other dimensions of food security were gradually included. The multi-dimensional nature of food security was echoed in the widely accepted definition adopted at the 1996 World Food Summit and refined in the State of Food Insecurity 2001: Food security [is] a situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.1 This definition reflects four dimensions of food security, of which FAO has described as follows.2 Food Availability The availability of sufficient quantities of food of appropriate quality, supplied through domestic production or imports (including food aid). Access by individuals to adequate resources (entitlements) for acquiring appropriate foods for a nutritious diet. Entitlements are defined as the set of all commodity bundles over which a person can establish command given the legal, political, economic and social arrangements of the community in which they live (including traditional rights such as access to common resources). Utilization of food through adequate diet, clean water, sanitation and health care to reach a state of nutritional well-being where all physiological needs are met. This brings out the importance of non-food inputs in food security. To be food secure, a population, household or individual must have access to adequate food at all times. They should not risk losing access to food as a consequence of sudden shocks (e.g. an economic or climatic crisis) or cyclical events (e.g. seasonal food insecurity). The concept of stability can therefore refer to both the availability and access dimensions of food security.

Food Accessibility

Food Utilization

Food Stability

Table 1 Four dimensions of food security

The concept of food security has been revised and broadened over time to respond to the multidimensionality of food security. Other than food supply and demand at the national level, it also takes into account the aspects of nutrition, livelihood, and the human right to food at the household and individual level.

1 2

The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2001 (Rome: FAO, 2002). Food Security, FAO Policy Brief: Issue 2, June 2006, <ftp://ftp.fao.org/es/esa/policybriefs/pb_02.pdf>.

II.

Food Security Initiatives at global and regional level

Despite an increase in global food production, nearly one billion people in the world still go to bed hungry. In 2010, approximately 925 million people were undernourished3. Figure 1 shows that the number of undernourished people in 2010 is higher than the level that existed when world leaders agreed to reduce the number of hungry by half at the World Food Summit in 1996.4 Figure 2 shows that the proportion of the undernourished in developing countries has been improved from the 1990-92 base period, however, it is still above the Millennium Development Goal 1 (MDG) target. If it continues at this pace, achieving the goal of reducing poverty and hunger by 2015 as outlined in the Millennium Development Goals will be a great challenge.

Figure 1 Number of undernourished people in the world, 1969-71 to 2010 (FAO)

Figure 2 Proportion of undernourished people in developing countries, 1969-71 to 2010 (FAO)

A sharp rise in the prices of food commodities over 2007 2008 and the global economic and financial crisis drove millions of vulnerable people around the world into hunger and poverty. According to FAO, the number of undernourished people has increased by 75 million as an impact of high food prices.5 The 2011 FAO Food Price Index averaged 228 points, which was higher than its maximum value during the food price crisis of 2007-2008.6 In OECD FAO Agricultural Outlook 2011 2020, it is predicted that agricultural commodity prices will remain high and volatile for the next decade. The food price crisis and its impact have put food security back on the global agenda as an immediate and future priority issue. Consequently, a large number of global and regional food security initiatives are introduced or strengthened. Key global and regional food security initiatives are summarized as follows.
3

925 million in chronic hunger worldwide, FAO Media Centre , 14 September 2010, <http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/45210/icode/>. 4 Global hunger declining, but still unacceptably high, FAO Economic and Social Development Department, September 2010, <http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/al390e/al390e00.pdf>. 5 Briefing paper: Hunger on the rise, 17 September 2008, FAO, <http://www.fao.org/newsroom/common/ecg/1000923/en/hungerfigs.pdf>. 6 FAO Food Price Index, World Food Situation, <http://www.fao.org/worldfoodsituation/wfshome/foodpricesindex/en/>.

Global Food Security Initiatives

1) The United Nations High-Level Task Force on the Global Food Security Crisis (HLTF) Established by the United Nations Chief Executive Board in April 2008 under the leadership of the UN Secretary-General, the Task Force consists of heads of UN Specialized agencies, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the World Trade Organization. The main objective of the Task Force is to promote a comprehensive and unified response to the challenge of achieving global food security, including by facilitating the creation of a prioritized plan of action and coordinating its implementation.7 In July 2008, the Comprehensive Framework for Action (CFA) was developed. The CFA included recommendations of short and long-term actions for governments, international and regional organizations, and civil society to take in order to improve food and nutrition security. The Updated CFA (UCFA) was released in September 2010. 2) Committee on World Food Security (CFS) CFS was established upon recommendation from the 1974 World Food Conference as a response to the food crisis of the 1970s. CFS is an intergovernmental forum in the United Nations System for reviewing and following up on policies regarding global food security. During 2009, the CFS members agreed to a reform to make it more effective by including a broader group of stakeholders and increasing its ability to ensure food security and nutrition for all. The process to create Global Strategic Framework for Food Security and Nutrition (GSF) was launched in 2010. The GSF offers guidelines and recommendations for catalyzing coherent action at the global, regional and country levels by the full range of stakeholders, while emphasizing the primary responsibility of governments and the central role of country ownership of programs to combat food insecurity and malnutrition.8 3) LAquila Food Security Initiative (AFSI) The LAquila Food Security Initiative was endorsed at the 2009 G8 Summit in LAquil a in July by 26 nations and 14 international organizations. They pledged to mobilize US$20 billion over three years in support for sustainable agriculture development and safety nets for vulnerable populations and agreed on a comprehensive and coordinated approached, partnering with countries facing dramatic food insecurity to help implement their national food security strategies. 4) Global Agricultural and Food Security Program (GAFSP) GAFSP was launched in April 2010 responding to the request made at the 2009 G20 Summit in Pittsburgh to support the implementation of the new multi-donor trust fund pledged at LAquila G8 Summit in July 2009. It is a financing mechanism which allows the additional funding to public and private sector to support national and regional strategic plans for agriculture and food security in low-income countries. GAFSP stresses country ownership, technical peer reviews, civil society participation, private sector partnerships, and independent impact evaluations.9 The current total pledged amount is about US$1.2 billion, of which US$752.4 has been received to date.10 The financial contributions have been provided by Australia, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Canada, Ireland, the Netherlands, South Korea, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States.
7

The Global Food Security Crisis, Background Information The Secretary Generals High Level Task Force on the Global Food Security Crisis, <http://www.un.org/en/issues/food/taskforce/background.shtml>. 8 Global Strategic Framework for Food Security and Nutrition, Committee on World Food Security, <http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/cfs/Docs1112/WGs/GSF/MD976E_GSF_Draft_Two.pdf>, 5. 9 Global Agriculture and Food Security Program Annual Report 2011 (Washington: GAFSP, 2011). 10 Funding: GAFSP, <http://www.gafspfund.org/gafsp/content/funding>.

Regional Food Security Initiatives

1) ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS) Framework and Strategic Plan of Action for Food Security (SPA-FS) The AIFS Framework is ASEAN response to the food price crisis of 2008 and the need for an integrated and innovative approach and multi-stakeholder efforts towards long-term food security. AIFS Framework and SPAFS was adopted at the 14th ASEAN Summit in 2009 with the goal to ensure long-term food security and to improve the livelihoods of farmers in the ASEAN region. The Framework comprises of four components: 1. Food security and emergency/shortage relief; 2. Sustainable food trade development; 3. Integrated food security information system, 4. Agricultural innovation. AIFS Framework is supported by the Strategic Plan of Action which covers a five-year period of 2009-2013. 2) APEC Action Plan on Food Security The APEC Action Plan on Food Security was endorsed at the 2010 Ministerial Meeting on Food Security in Niigata, Japan. The Member Economies agreed to pursue the shared goals of (i) sustainable development of the agricultural sector, and (ii) facilitation of investment, trade and markets. 11 The Action Plan, also known as Niigata Action Plan on Food Security, identifies specific activities to be implemented by APEC Economies to achieve the shared goals and to strengthen regional food security. The progress and success of the Action Plan are reported by each Member Economies on the Asia-Pacific Food Security Information Platform (www.apipapec.com). 3) ASEAN Plus Three Comprehensive Strategy on Food Security and Bio-energy Development (APTCSFSBD) and the Strategic Plan of Action on Food and Energy Security (SPA-FES) 2010-2013 The APTCS-FSBD Framework was endorsed at the 11th Meeting of the AMAF plus Three in October 2011. The goal of the Framework and its Strategic Plan of Action is to foster multi-sectoral cooperation among the ASEAN Plus Three Countries in ensuring long-term food security and bio-energy development.12 This Comprehensive Strategy shall strengthen and coordinate existing initiatives e.g., ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS) Framework, the ongoing development of ASEAN Plus Three Emergency Rice Reserve (APTERR), the ASEAN Food Security Information System (AFSIS). The APTCS-FSBD Framework and its supporting Strategic Plan of Action on Food and Energy Security (SPA-FES) covers a three-year period of 2010-2013.

11

APEC Action Plan on Food Security, <http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/apec/ap_fs_1010.pdf>. ASEAN Plus Three Comprehensive Strategy on Food Security and Bio-energy Development (APTCS-FSBD) and the Strategic Plan of Action on Food and Energy Security (SPA-FES) 2010-2013, <http://www.aseansec.org/documents/11th%20AMAF%20Plus%203%20APTCS-FSBD%20%20SPA-FES_Draft_23-911%20(final%20draft).pdf>.
12

III.

ASEAN and Food Security

Food production in the countries of Southeast Asia has shown an upward trend during the past decade. Currently, ASEAN countries are major exporters of many agricultural and food products. In all ASEAN countries, available daily calorie supply is adequate to meet minimum dietary energy requirements as shown in Table 2 implying that enough food has been produced for domestic consumption. From the aspect of food availability, ASEAN population could be considered food secure. However, in terms of food accessibility, certain groups of people in the ASEAN region have difficulties in accessing sufficient, safe and nutritious food. In most cases, it is those who produce food are the most food insecure. About 14% of the total population in Southeast Asia is undernourished.13 Food Supply (kcal/person/day) (Average 2006-2008) 3049.667 2363.667 2555 2291 2862.333 2460 2572 2861.333 2615 Minimum Dietary Energy Requirement (kcal/person/day) (Average 2006-2008) 1890 1760 1820 1700 1820 1800 1760 1850 1820 Average food deficit of undernourished population (kcal/person/day) 130 250 220 260 130 240 240 240

Country Name Brunei Darussalam Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Thailand Vietnam

Table 2 Available food supply, minimum dietary energy requirement and food deficit of undernourished population (kcal/person/day) in ASEAN countries, Average 2006- 2008 (FAOSTAT)

The average food deficit of undernourishment population in Table 2 reveals the intensity of food deprivation which indicates how much the undernourished falls short, on average, of minimum food requirements in terms of dietary energy. The intensity of food deprivation is low when it is less than 200 kilocalories per person per day and high when it is higher than 300 kilocalories per person per day.14 The undernourished have limited resources to secure physical and economic access to food for their active and healthy lives. Hunger can be caused by poverty, natural disasters, war, poor agricultural infrastructure, over-exploitation of environment, and recently financial and economic crises. Poverty is often
Figure 3 Regional share of undernourished (1990-2 Prevalence of undernourishment in total population, FAO, <http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-fs/fs-data/ess2006-8) (FAO Statistical Yearbook 2012) fadata/en/>. 14 FAOSTAT
13

regarded as the major obstacle to achieving food security, particularly at the household level. Whereas food is abundance in Southeast Asia, the prevalence of undernourishment in many countries in the region is moderately high.

Though the prevalence of undernourishment is falling globally as displayed comparatively by regions in Figure 3, it remains fairly high considering the efforts put by international community since the turn of the 21st Century in order to reduce global poverty and hunger. Rising food prices of 2007 - 2008 and the financial and economic crisis of 2008-2009 are some of the causes that slowed the progress towards poverty and hunger reduction and the achievement of UN Millennium Development Goal. According to FAO, The high food prices in 2007-2008 caused additional 41 million people in AsiaFigure 4 Impact of high food prices by region (FAO) Pacific region to become undernourished.

Country name
Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Thailand Vietnam

Total population (million)

14.3 224.7 6.1 26.6 88.7 67.0 86.1

Number of undernourished persons (million)

3.6 29.7 1.4 NS 11.8 10.7 9.6

Prevalence of undernourishment (%)

25% 13% 22% <5% 13% 16% 11%

Global Hunger Index 2011

19.9 12.2 20.2 <5 16.3 11.5 8.1 11.2

Table 3 Number and percentage of undernourished persons (2006-2008) (FAO) and Global Hunger Index 2011 (IFPRI)

In response to rising food prices, global financial crisis, an increasing concern on food security in the region, together with the need for an integrated and innovative approach to food security issues, ASEAN adopted an ASEAN Integrated Food Security Framework (AIFS) and a Strategic Plan of Action on Food Security in the ASEAN Region (SPA-FS) in 2009 to ensure long-term food security and to improve the livelihoods of farmers in the ASEAN region. Besides the ASEAN Integrated Food Security Framework, ASEAN has introduced other initiatives and cooperation on regional food security. Food security is a long-standing agenda for ASEAN. The importance of food security has been officially addressed by ASEAN since 1979 through the Agreement on ASEAN Food Security Reserve (AFSR) in which each ASEAN Member Countries agreed to establish the 9

ASEAN Emergency Rice Reserve (AERR). ASEAN engagement on food security has been adjusted through time responding to the evolving context of global food security. Further initiatives and cooperation on food security guided by the 1979 Agreement, the Vientiane Action Programme (2004 2010) and the ASEAN SocioCultural Community Blueprint, to name a few, have been pursued by ASEAN Member States.
AMS signed the Agreement on ASEAN Food Security Reserve and agreed to establish the ASEAN Emergency Rice Reserve (AERR)
Vientiane Action Programme (2004-2010) adopted at 10th ASEAN Summit ASEAN Multi-Sectoral Framework on Climate Change: Agriculture and Forestry towards Food Security (AFCC) adopted

ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS) Framework and Strategic Plan of Action on Food Security (SPA-FS) 2009-2013 adopted

AMAF+3 endorsed ASEAN Plus Three Comprehensive Strategy on Food Security and Bio-energy Development (APTCS-FSBD) and the Strategic Plan of Action on Food and Energy Security (SPAFES) 2010-2013

1979

2002

2004

2007

2009

2010

2011

2012

The establishment of ASEAN Food Security Information Systems (AFSIS) approved by AMAF+3 covering the period of 2003-2007

2 phase of AFSIS endorsed by AMAF+3 covering the period of 2008-2012

nd

AMAF+3 formalized ASEAN Plus Three Emergency Rice Reserve (APTERR)

Proposal for Post2012 ASEAN Food Security Information System endorsed

Figure 5 Timeline showing development of ASEAN initiatives and cooperation in the area of food security

IV.

ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS) Framework

ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS) Framework and Strategic Plan of Action on Food Security (SPA-FS) in the ASEAN region were adopted at the 14th ASEAN Summit in February 2009, where leaders pledged to embrace food security as a matter of permanent and high priority policy. The AIFS Framework is a response to the rapid rise of food prices, accessibility to staple food among the poor, high cost of agricultural inputs/production, fuel-food-financial crisis, impacts of climate change, and the need for an integrated and innovative approach and multi-stakeholder efforts towards long-term food security and mainstreaming food security in ASEAN Community building process. The AIFS Framework aims to ensure long-term food security and to improve the livelihoods of farmers in the ASEAN region.

10

ASEAN Integrated Food Security Framework comprises of four Components and supported by six corresponding Strategic Thrusts as shown in the below diagram.

Figure 6 Components and Strategic Thrusts of ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS) Framework

The AIFS Framework and the SPA-FS covers the period of five years from 2009 to 2013. ASEAN Ministers on Agriculture and Forestry (AMAF) in coordination with other relevant ASEAN Sectoral Bodies is accountable for the overall implementation and monitoring. Relevant ASEAN Sectoral Working Groups under AMAF are tasked to elaborate details and arrangement of the implementation of SPA-FS on areas of their competence as outlined in the Matrix of SPA-FS (Please see Annex II). Aiming towards effective implementation of the AIFS Framework and the SPA-FS, ASEAN embraced the partnership and cooperation with regional Dialogue Partners and International Organizations and donor agencies. Implementation progress shall be monitored, reviewed and reported to relevant stakeholders annually. The ASEAN Secretariat shall review and monitor compliance of such implementation. The AIFS Framework and the SPA-FS shall be reviewed periodically considering dynamic regional and global developments and evaluated after the end of a five-year period in 2013. Progress has been made on the implementation of ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS) Framework and the Strategic Plan of Action on Food Security (SPA-FS) to ensure long-term food security and to improve the livelihoods of farmers in the ASEAN region. ASEAN has commenced and strengthened partnership and cooperation with Dialogue Partners, International Organizations and development agencies to support the implementation of AIFS Framework and the SPA-FS. Some of the key ASEAN initiatives and cooperation supporting four Components of AIFS Framework are listed below. Component 1: Food Security Emergency/Shortage Relief ASEAN Plus Three Emergency Rice Reserve (APTERR) 11

Component 2: Sustainable Food Trade Development ASEAN Rice Trade Forum

Component 3: Integrated Food Security Information System ASEAN Food Security Information Systems

Component 4: Agri-Innovation ASEAN Multi-Sectoral Framework on Climate Change: Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry towards Food Security (AFCC) ASEAN Plus Three Comprehensive Strategy on Food Security and Bio-energy Development (APTCSFSBD) ASEAN German Programme on Response to Climate Change: Agriculture, Forestry and Related Sectors (GAP-CC) International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)s Rice Action Plan

V.

ASEAN Biocontrol (ABC) for Sustainable Agrifood Systems and ASEAN Integrated Food Security Framework

ASEAN Biocontrol for Sustainable Agrifood Systems is part of the ASEAN-German Programme on Response to Climate Change: Agriculture, Forestry and Related Sectors (GAP-CC). This project is being executed by ASEAN Secretariat and ASEAN Member States. It is commissioned by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and being implemented by German International Cooperation (GIZ) and is hosted by the Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives in Thailand. The project aims to support ASEAN to develop regionally coordinated policies and strategies addressing sustainable agriculture and food production. The first phase covers the period of three years from 2011 2013 12

with the overall objective to strengthen sustainable Agrifood Systems through the use of biocontrol agents (BCA). The project activities focus on three components: harmonization, promotion of BCA and sustainable Agrifood Systems and capacity development. The proposed outputs of each component are:
I Harmonization ASEAN Guidelines and Regulatory Framework on the use of BCA and other sustainable approaches in agriculture Biocontrol Database II Promotion of BCA and Sustainable Agrifood Systems Record of regional & national conferences on the application of BCA and sustainable crop management practices on sustainable Agrifood system in ASEAN Increased awareness of farmers, government officials to promote the application of BCA and sustainable crop management practices on sustainable Agrifood system, through media and PR campaigns Common strategy on Sustainable Agrifood Systems III Capacity Development Technical expert groups formed and trained that discuss technical issues related to sustainable agrifood systems and elaborate policy recommendations Models for sustainable agrifood systems implemented in collaboration with private sector, NGOs, development projects and technical advisory services Trained farmers on sustainable crop management practices, including application of BCA in the above models

Expert Groups at regional and national levels

Table 4 Proposed outputs of ASEAN Biocontrol for Sustainable Agrifood Systems (first phase: 2011-2013)

ASEAN Biocontrol project objectives and activities shall also support the implementation ASEAN Integrated Food Security Framework, particularly the Strategic Thrust 4: Promote sustainable food production. Food security is a long-standing agenda for ASEAN as the leaders at the 14th ASEAN Summit in March 2009 pledged to embrace food security as a matter of permanent and high priority policy. As ASEAN has committed to establish ASEAN Community by 2015, ensuring food security is one of the fundamental goals in ASEAN Community building process as regarded in both ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint and ASEAN SocioCultural Community Blueprint. To better promote the implementation progress of ASEAN Integrated Food Security Framework in ASEAN Member States, it is important that policy makers and implementation officers have a well understanding of AIFS Framework. ASEAN Biocontrol project proposed to support the dissemination of information on the AIFS Framework in local languages in order to reach the audience more effectively and to further support the integration of listed activities in the Strategic Plan of Action on Food Security (SPA-FS) into national action plans of Member Countries emphasizing on Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Vietnam (CLMV countries).

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VI.

Process Management

Detailed description of activities, and indicators

Result: ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS) Framework is implemented in CLMV countries Indicators: ASEAN Integrated Food Security Framework is translated up to 4 local languages in CLMV countries; at least 5 of 34 listed activities in the Strategic Plan of Action on Food Security (SPA-FS) are regarded in the national action plans. Activity 1.1 Support the translation of AIFS Framework into local languages of CLMV countries Description: Identify in CLMV countries suitable public partners responsible for the translation of AIFS Framework into the local languages Organize a road show in CLMV countries to facilitate the translation of AIFS Framework into the local languages Identify translators of the AIFS Framework and make available a draft translation of AIFS Framework Organize a workshop in CLMV countries to finalize a draft translation of AIFS Framework for stakeholder/public consultation Follow up on the implementation of AIFS Framework that the official translation of AIFS Framework is available

Activity 1.2 Support the integration of at least 5 out of 34 listed activities in the SPA-FS into national action plans of CLMV countries Description: Identify in CLMV countries suitable public partners responsible for providing inputs to the national action plans on food security Organize a road show in CLMV countries to facilitate the integration of at least 5 out of 34 listed activities in SPA-FS into national action plans Organize a workshop in CLMV countries to regard at least 5 out of 34 listed activities in SPA-FS into national action plans Follow up on the implementation of AIFS Framework that at least 5 activities are regarded in the national action plans

14

Implementation Timeline and Schedule

Table 5 Implementation Timeline

Implementation Timeline

2012
J A S O N D J F M A M

2013
J J A S O N D

ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS) Framework is implemented in CLMV countries

Activity 1.1 Support the translation of AIFS Framework into local languages Identify suitable public partners for the translation of AIFS Framework Organize a road show to facilitate the translation of AIFS Framework Identify translators of the AIFS Framework and make available a draft translation Draft translation is sent out to relevant bodies (working group) Organize a workshop to finalize a draft translation for stakeholder/ public consultation Follow up: AIFS Framework translated and available Identify suitable public partners for providing inputs to the national action plans on food security Organize a road show to facilitate the integration of at least 5 activities into national action plans Organize a workshop to regard at least 5 activities into national action plans Follow up: at least 5 activities are regarded in the national action plans

Activity 1.2 Support the integration of at least 5 out of 34 listed activities in the SPA-FS into national action plans -

15

Annex I: Appendix 1 COMPONENTS AND STRATEGIC THRUSTS OF ASEAN INTEGRATED FOOD SECURITY (AIFS) FRAMEWORK
To achieve the goal in ensuring long-term food security in the ASEAN region, an ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS) Framework provides scope and joint pragmatic approaches for cooperation among ASEAN Member States. The AIFS Framework comprises four components, which are distinctive but inter-related in nature. The four components are Component 1: Food Security and Emergency/ Shortage Relief; Component 2: Sustainable Food Trade Development; Component 3: Integrated Food Security Information System; and Component 4: Agricultural Innovation. The AIFS Frameworks Components are supported by six corresponding Strategic Thrusts, which appears in the Figure 1. Figure 1: Components and Strategic Thrusts of ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS) Framework

Component 1: Food Security and Emergency/Shortage Relief The component aims at establishing a longterm mechanism for ASEAN Plus Three Emergency Rice Reserve. The component focuses on strengthening national food security programmes/ initiatives, and development of a regional effective and timely mechanism for supply of rice as food aid for emergency relief (food aid or grant) and/ or under unusual market situation (grant or loan agreement). This core component is considered as the fundamental part of the AIFS Framework. Component 2: Sustainable Food Trade Development The component aims at developing a buffer mechanism to support fair/balanced food trade within the acceptable levels of food prices. The component helps ensuring that due consideration is given to balancing domestic accessibility to food, intra and extra regional food trade. Agreed criteria and conditions (i.e. high speculative food commodities such as rice, cooking oil, sugar and maize) for the application apply. The experience drawn from the implementation of EAERR project, particularly the application of TIER 1 and TIER 2 could be considered as a basis to develop such a buffer mechanism.
16

Component 3: Integrated Food Security Information System The component aims at fast-tracking the current AFSIS project under an AMAF PLUS THREE initiative by establishing an information network on food security among the Plus Three Countries to provide a sound and timely information on outlook and surveillance report for food security policy planning, implementation and monitoring. In addition, other elements include Early Warning Information System, Mutual Technical Cooperation and Preparation of Commodity Outlook Reports. Provision and submission of timely and reliable data and information by all countries concerned is considered a critical element for effective operation of this component. This will enable the Integrated Food Security Information System to provide a basis for a regular monitoring and surveillance system to the making of sound development planning and policy decision to address food security and also the soaring food prices. Component 4: Agricultural Innovation The component is a long-term plan aiming at formulating and implementing a regional comprehensive R&D plan, through public and private sector partnership, to promote efficient and sustainable food production, food consumption, post-harvest practices & loss reduction, marketing and trade. R&D areas, through priority setting, may include strengthening and expanding agriculture cooperatives and farmers organisations, agri -business entrepreneurship particularly SMEs, intra-regional contract farming, etc. In addition, other supporting activities include building upon the ASEAN Good Agriculture Practices (GAP), targeting at promoting sustainable agricultural practices with due consideration on environmental concern. In this context, GAP could be used as a market tool adding value to food and agriculture products, which in return could support sustainable food production and trade. The key roles of the governments are to encourage success models, support R&D, technology transfer and capacity building, and develop GAP certification scheme and its accreditation system.

17

Conceptual Diagram of ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS) Framework

18

Annex II: Matrix of Strategic Plan of Action on Food Security in the ASEAN Region (SPA-FS) 2009 - 2013
Strategic Thrust 1: Strengthen food security arrangements. Action Programme 1.1 Strengthen national food security programmes/activities. Activities 1.1.1 Promote diversification of food sources and scale up community-based food security initiatives. Sub-activities 1.1.1.1 Develop varieties of starch based commodities such as yam, taro, cassava, etc. 1.1.1.2 Establish pilot projects on micro enterprise in producing non rice flour products and its derivatives products. 1.1.2.1 Conduct training on food reserve management for relevant stakeholders. Responsible Bodies ASWGC Work Schedule 2009-2013

1.1.2 Support capacity building to strengthen national food security programmes, including management of national food stockpiles, planning of potential land use for agriculture, and technical support for preparing national food balance sheet. 1.1.3 Promoting exchange of information and experiences among ASEAN Member States through networking and regional consultations in formulation and implementation of national food security programmes/activities.

ACEDAC/ ASWGAC AMSs AFSRB

2009-2013

1.1.3.1 Review policy options and analyze impacts on food security in the region. 1.1.3.2 Establish regional for among experts to exchange view and experience in the implementation of national food security programmes/activities 1.1.4.1 Identify the target vulnerable groups of food security and mapping of food insecurity in the region 1.2.1.1 Establish and review stock release mechanism on rice, maize, sugar and soybean. 1.2.1.2 Explore possibility of developing guidelines for exchanging of food commodities in terms of counter trade to secure food requirements among the member

AFSRB

2009-2013

AFSRB EAERR pilot project AMSs 2009-2013

1.1.4 Enhance food assistance programme for the targeted vulnerable groups. 1.2 Develop regional food security reserve initiatives and mechanisms. 1.2.1 Reinforce the ASEAN Food Security Reserve Board (AFSRB) and its secretariat in compilation, management and dissemination of statistics and information on food and food security as a basis for effective planning of food production and trade within the region.

AFSRB

2009-2013

AFSRB EAERR pilot project 19

1.2.2 Support the establishment of a long-term mechanism for ASEAN Plus Three emergency rice reserve.

countries in case of emergency and/or food insufficiency. 1.2.2.1 Support the extension of the East Asia Emergency Rice Reserve (EAERR) pilot project until a long-term mechanism be established. 1.2.2.2 Explore the possibility to establish a long-term mechanism for ASEAN Plus Three Emergency Rice Reserve (APTERR)

Project Steering Committee of EAERR Pilot Project SOM-AMAF EAERR Pilot Project SOM-AMAF ATFFS SOM-AMAF

2009-2010

1.2.3 Conduct study on the possibility of establishing an ASEAN Fund for Food Security. Strategic Thrust 2: Promote conducive food market and trade. Action Programme 2.1 Promote initiatives supporting sustainable food trade. Activities 2.1.1 Full compliance and implementation of the ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement (ATIGA) provisions with respect to trade in food products. 2.1.2 Review and analyze international/ regional trade information, including prices, quantities traded, distribution and logistics.

1.2.3.1 Explore possibility of establishing an ASEAN Fund for Food Security and identify potential financial sources.

2009-2010

Sub-activities 2.1.1.1 Monitor the compliance and implementation of ATIGA.

Responsible Bodies SOM-AMAF SEOM

Work Schedule 2009-2013

2.1.2.1 To conduct review and analysis of international/regional trade information and publish the results in AFSIS website.

SEOM AFSRB AFSIS project

2009-2013

Strategic Thrust 3: Strengthen integrated food security information systems to effectively forecast, plan and monitor supplies and utilization for basic food commodities. Action Programme Activities Sub-activities Responsible Bodies Work Schedule

20

3.1 Reinforce the ASEAN Food Security Information System (AFSIS) project towards a long-term mechanism.

3.1.1 Conduct a food security assessment and identify underlying causes of food insecurity.

3.1.1.1 Analyze the state of food security and recommend alternative solutions.

AFSIS project

2009-2013

3.1.2 Collect and periodically update information on supply and demand/ utilization for main food commodities such as rice, corn, soybean, cassava and sugar, and maintain food security related baseline data for each Member State in a regional database. 3.1.3 Develop an early warning, monitoring and surveillance information system as a basis for sound development planning and policy decision to address food security, including sharp rise of food prices. Strategic Thrust 4: Promote sustainable food production. Action Programme 4.1 Improve agricultural infrastructure development to secure production system, minimize post-harvest losses, and reduce transaction cost Activities 4.1.1 Promote the development of supply chain system in Member States through establishing demonstrated models and sharing knowledge 4.1.2 Conduct feasibility study on development of potential land and irrigation in the Member States for food production.

3.1.2.1 Publish periodic outlook report of commodity based on Member States situation and international trend of trade, price and stock. 3.1.2.2 Regularly update national food security data into AFSIS database. 3.1.3.1 Publish periodic early warning information report.

AFSIS project

2009-2013

AFSIS project AFSIS project

2009-2013

Sub-activities 4.1.1.1 Conduct seminar and workshops to build capacity on the efficient supply chain management. 4.1.2.1 Study on irrigation systems, which are appropriate for different conditions in the region. 4.1.2.2 Explore the possibility of private sector to invest on constructing irrigation infrastructure. 4.1.2.3 Conduct workshop/ seminar to exchange information on crop zoning. 4.1.3.1 Conduct workshops/ consultation to develop strategies and initiatives to promote

Responsible Bodies ASWGFi ASWGC ASWGL ASWGC SOM-AMAF

Work Schedule 2009-2013

2009-2013

SOM-AMAF

4.1.3 Encourage initiatives/ supporting systems for greater access to agricultural

ASWGC ASWGC

2009-2013 21

4.2 Efficient utilization of resource potential for agricultural development

inputs, particularly crops seeds, animal breeds, agro-chemicals, and irrigation facilities for food production in potential areas of the region. 4.2.1 Promote the optimization of utilization of land and other natural resources for food production.

greater access to agricultural inputs.

4.2.1.1 Develop and share experiences on best practices for land use planning and optimization for regional and transnational planning purposes. 4.2.1.2 Develop and share experiences on best practices and technologies for sustainable integrated water resources management. 4.2.1.3 Share experience on the effectiveness of using existing irrigation schemes for food production.

SOM-AMAF

ASWGC

4.2.2 Promote public and private sector partnership to promote efficient and sustainable food production, food consumption, post-harvest practices and loss reduction, marketing and trade.

4.2.2.1 Promote investing mechanized postproduction facilities e.g. drying facilities, improved storage facilities, transportation facilities, and other basic processing equipment. 4.2.2.2 Conduct seminars/ workshops/ exchange visits to explore the possibility of implementing public and private sector partnership schemes such as the Food Production Cluster Development Concept (public and private sector partnership that covers the whole supply chain), the Permanent Food Production Zone, etc. 4.2.2.3 Exchange information and experiences on successes in the implementation of contract farming.

ASWGC ASWGFi ASWGC ASWGL

ASWGFi ASWGC ASWGL

4.2.3 Promote adoption and implementation

4.2.3.1 Establish/ strengthen national

ASWGFi ASWGC ASWGL AMSs 22

of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) in the ASEAN region.

4.3 Promote agricultural innovation including research and development on improving productivity and agricultural production

4.3.1 Support initiatives to minimize postharvest losses of main food products.

programmes on GAP. 4.2.3.2 Prepare guidelines for ASEAN GAP for rice, maize, soybean, sugarcane and cassava, and manual for product certification. 4.2.3.3 Undertake effective information dissemination on ASEAN Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) among the Member States, e.g. translation of GAP guidelines into national languages, developing awareness and promotional materials, through extension services, etc. 4.3.1.1 Study the post-harvest losses incurred in each of the priority commodities and the factors causing their losses. 4.3.1.2 Conduct R&D on measures to reduce the losses identified and compile handbook on recommended measures. 4.3.1.3 Develop government incentives to encourage minimal post-harvest loss at different stages of the supply chain.

ASWGC ASWGFi ASWGL

ASWGFi ASWGC ASWGL AWGATE ASWGC ASWGFi ASWGL 2009-2013

ASWGFi ASWGC ASWGL

4.3.2 Promote research to improve agricultural productivity and production.

4.3.2.1 Study/ analyze priority research areas for improving agricultural productivity and production 4.3.2.2 Conduct joint research among the Member States and other organizations on agricultural innovation aiming to improve agricultural productivity and production.

ASWGFi ASWGC ASWGL ATWGARD ASWGFi ASWGC ASWGL ATWGARD ASWGFi ASWGC ASWGL ASWGFi ASWGC ASWGL

2009-2013

4.3.3 Promote alternative approaches and practices for sustainable food security.

4.3.3.1 Develop and exchange experiences in integrated/ multiple farming systems.

2009-2013

23

4.3.4 Collaborate to implement IRRIs Rice Action Plan.

4.4 Promote closer collaboration to accelerate transfer and adoption of new technologies

4.4.1 Promote the adoption of new technologies.

4.3.4.1 Implement technologies developed by IRRI, e.g. better crop management practice. 4.3.4.2 Test the new rice varieties developed by IRRI. 4.3.4.3 Train young scientists and researchers at IRRI. 4.4.1.1 Conduct collaborative training and workshops to adopt new/ improved technology in agricultural production, postharvest and processing activities. 4.4.2.1 Exchange of experiences in genetic resources management on crops.

SOM-AMAF AMSs

2009-2013

4.4.2 Promote collaborative research and technology transfer in agricultural products.

4.4.2.2. Conduct collaborative research on developing products from underutilized products

ATWGARD ASWGFi ASWGC ASWGL AWGATE AWGATE ASWGC ASWGFi ASWGL20092013 ASWGC ASWGFi ASWGL ASWGFi ASWGC ASWGL AWGATE ASWGC ACEDAC/ ASWGAC AWGATE ASWGFi ASWGC ASWGL ACEDAC/ ASWGAC

2009-2013

2009-2013

4.4.3 Strengthen regional networks of agricultural research and development.

4.4.3.1 Conduct regular meetings and exchange of experts on agricultural R&D. 4.4.4.1 Exchange information on the best practices for strengthening small-scale farmers access to land and water resource, agricultural inputs and capital. 4.4.5.1 Intensify meetings and exchange of visits amongst farmer associations /communities.

2009-2013

4.4.4 Support initiatives to promote greater access to land and water resource, agricultural inputs and capital, particularly among smallscale farmers to support food production. 4.4.5 Strengthen development of agricultural cooperatives and farmers' organizations to enhance their resilience.

2009-2013

2009-2013

Strategic Thrust 5: Encourage greater investment in food and agro-based industry to enhance food security. 24

Action Programme 5.1 Promote food and agro-based industry development.

Activities 5.1.1 Encourage greater investment in food and agro-based industry.

Sub-activities 5.1.1.1 Identify needs and priority areas for investment in food and agro-based industry. 5.1.1.2 Provide incentive schemes to encourage private sector investment, e.g. contract farming. 5.1.1.3 Facilitate intra-ASEAN investment to secure food supply. 5.1.2.1 Provide technical assistance in food safety standards to government officials, food industries or other relevant stakeholders. 5.1.2.2 Provide technical assistance to obtain international food safety laboratories accreditation.

Responsible Bodies AMSs

Work Schedule 2009-2013

5.1.2 Strengthen capacity building for adoption of international standards for food safety and quality assurance and certification systems.

ACCFS ACCSQ AEGFS ATFC ASWGC ASWGFi ASWGL

2009-2013

Strategic Thrust 6: Identify and address emerging issues related to food security. Action Programme 6.1 Address the development of biofuels with consideration on food security. Activities 6.1.1 Review status and trend of bio-fuels development in the region and potential impacts on food security 6.1.2 Develop collaboration with other Sectoral Bodies, which handle the development of bio-fuels. 6.2.1 Conduct study to identify possible impacts of climate change on food security. Sub-activities 6.1.1.1 Study on socio-economic impacts of bio-fuels production on food security. 6.1.2.1 Monitor the progress of bio-fuel research and development. 6.2.1.1 Establish ASEAN Forum on Climate Change Responsible Bodies SOM-AMAF Work Schedule 2009-2013

SOM-AMAF SOME SOM-AMAF ASOF Indonesia as lead country SOM-AMAF Indonesia as lead country SOM-AMAF

2009-2013

6.2 Address impacts of climate change on food security.

2009-2013

6.2.2 Identify measures to mitigate/adapt to impacts of climate change on food security. 6.2.3 Develop collaboration with other

6.2.2.1 Establish ASEAN Networking on Agricultural Vulnerability to Exceptional Climate 6.2.3.1 Monitor the progress of impact

2009-2013

2009-2013 25

Sectoral Bodies, which address impact mitigation and adaptation of climate change. Notation ACCFS ACCSQ ACEDAC/ASWGAC AEGFS AFSIS AFSRB ASWGFi ASWGL ATFC ATFFS ATWGARD AWGATE EAERR IRRI SEOM SOM-AMAF ASEAN Coordinating Committee on Food Safety ASEAN Consultative Committee on Standards & Quality

mitigation and adaptation of climate change.

SOME

ASEAN Centre for the Development of Agricultural Cooperatives/ ASEAN Sectoral Working Group on Agricultural Cooperatives ASEAN Experts Group on Food Safety ASEAN Food Security Information System project ASEAN Food Security Reserve Board ASEAN Sectoral Working Group on Fisheries ASEAN Sectoral Working Group on Livestock ASEAN Task Force on CODEX Ad-Hoc ASEAN Task Force on Food Security ASEAN Technical Working Group on Agricultural Research and Development ASEAN Sectoral Working Group on Agricultural Training and Extension East Asia Emergency Rice Reserve International Rice Research Institute Senior Economic Officials Meeting Senior Officials Meeting of the ASEAN Ministers on Agriculture and Forestry

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