COURSE TITLE : QUANTITIES (TAKING OFF)

COURSE NO : MQS 212 ASSIGNMENT NO: FIFTY SIX

SUBMITTED BY : MS. RAFAT FODKAR REGISTRATION NO:212-07-27-10772-2141

[NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH]

1

ASSIGNMENT NICMAR/SODE OFFFICE

1.COURSE NO : 2.COURSE TITLE :

MQS 212
QUANTITIES ( TAKING OFF)

3.ASSIGNMENT NO : FIFTY S IX 4.DATE OF DISPATCH : 5.LAST DATE OF RECEIPT OF ASSIGNMENT AT SODE OFFICE :

ASSIGNMENT
THE PLAN AND SECTIONAL ELEVATION OF A BUILDING ARE GIVEN IN FIGURE. ESTIMATE THE QUANTITIES OF THE FOLLOWING ITEMS OF WORK OF THE BUILDING .

1. EARTHWORK IN EXCAVATION IN FOUNDATION . 2. P.C.C. CONCRETE IN FOUNDATION(1:4:5) 3. MASONRY WORK UPTO PLINTH(1:6) 4. 1ST CLASS BRICKWORK FOR WALLS (1:6) 5. R.C.C. WORK IN ROOF SLABS , LINTELS, SUNSHADES ETC . (1:2:4 CONCRETE)

WHAT IS AN ESTIMATE
BEFORE
TAKING UP ANY WORK FOR ITS EXECUTION , THE OWNER OR BUILDER SHOULD HAVE A THOROUGH KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE VOLUME OF WORK THAT CAN BE COMPLETED WITHIN THE LIMITS OF HIS FUNDS OR THE PROBABLE COST THAT MAY BE REQUIRED TO COMPLETE THE PROPOSED WORK. PLAN AND SPECIFICATION . MATERIALS .

IT

IS THEREFORE NECESSARY TO FROM ITS

PREPARE THE PROBABLE COST OR ESTIMATE FOR THE PROPOSED WORK

OTHERWISE

IT MAY SO HAPPEN THAT THE WORK HAS TO

BE STOPPED BEFORE ITS COMPLETION DUE TO THE SHORTAGE OF FUNDS AND OF

BESIDE

THE ABOVE , AN ESTIMATE FOR ANY PUBLIC CONSTRUCTION WORK

IS REQUIRED TO BE PREPARED AND SUBMITTED BEFOREHAND SO THAT SANCTION OF NECESSARY FUNDS MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE AUTHORITY CONCERNED

THUS

AN ESTIMATE FOR ANY CONSTRUCTION WORK MAY BE DEFINED AS THE

PROCESS OF CALCULATING THE QUANTITIES AND COST OF VARIOUS ITEMS REQUIRED IN CONNECTION WITH THE WORK.

IT

IS PREPARED BY CALCULATING THE QUANTITIES UNIT COST OF THE ITEM CONCERNED .

FROM THE DIMENSION ON THE DRAWINGS FOR THE VARIOUS ITEMS REQUIRED TO COMPLETE THE PROJECT AND MULTIPLIED BY

TO

PREPARE AN ESTIMATE DRAWING CONSISTING OF THE PLAN THE ELEVATION AND

THE SECTIONS THROUGH IMPORTANT POINTS ALONG WITH A DETAILED SPECIFICATION GIVING SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION OF ALL WORKMANSHIP , PROPERTIES AND PROPORTION OF MATERIALS ARE REQUIRED .

ESTIMATE
ESTIMATE
IS A WORD OF WIDER CONNOTATION AND ITS DEFINITIONS SCOPE AND MEANING WILL DEPEND UPON THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE.

IT

RANGES VARIES

FROM FORECASTING VALUES WITHOUT MEASURING TO APPROXIMATE JUDGEMENT OR OPINION BASED ON ACTUAL DATA SUPPLIED INCLUDING MEASURED DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS . LIKE

AT

TIMES THIS WORK IS PRECEDED BY CAUTIONARY ADJECTIVES IN GENERAL

APPROXIMATE ROUGH ESTIMATE

PROBABLE

IN SPITE OF THE

FACT THAT ESTIMATE BY ITSELF CARRIES WITH IT THE INBUILT FEATURES OF THE ABOVE ADJECTIVES .

THE USE OF ADJECTIVES CAN BE TRACED TO THE OLD ENGLISH CASE OF CROWSHAW WHERE ESTIMATE WAS HELD AS AN OFFER . THIS CASE HAS TO
BE DISTINGUISHED FROM THE ESTIMATE PREPARED BY ARCHITECT WHO DOES NOT MAKE AN OFFER TO EXECUTE THE WORK BUT FORECAST THE PROBABLE AMOUNT OF MONEY WHICH A CONTRACTING PARTY WILL EXECUTE THE SPECIFIED WORK PROVIDED THE SITE CONDITIONS TIME FACTOR OWNER `S TENDENCY TO VARY AND COUNTRY ECONOMIC PARAMETERS REMAIN UNALTERED . THE CHANGE IN DIMENSION OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE .

THE CROWSHAW CASE ALSO SHOWS WORD ESTIMATE DEPENDING UPON THE

IMPORTANCE OF ESTIMATING
1. IT
HELPS IN WORKING OUT THE APPROXIMATE COST OF A BUILDING OR PROJECT BEFORE THE WORK IS TAKEN IN ORDER TO ASCERTAIN THE FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS INVOLVED AND TO KNOW WHETHER IT CAN BE COMPLETED ACCORDING TO GIVEN SPECIFICATIONS WITHIN CERTAIN FINANCIAL LIMITS OR REQUIRES MODIFICATIONS OR DROPPING OF THE PROPOSAL ALTOGETHER DEPENDING UPON THE AVAILABLE FINANCIAL RESOURCE.

2. IT 3. IT

FORMS THE BASE FOR THE PROCESS OF

C OST-PLANNING.

IS USEFUL IN FRAMING THE TENDERS FOR THE WORKS AND TO CHECK THE

CONTRACTOR `S WORKS DURING AND AFTER EXECUTION FOR THE PURPOSE OF INTERIM AND FINAL CERTIFICATE .

4. REQUIREMENT

OF CONTROLLED MATERIALS LIKE CEMENT AND STEEL CAN BE

ESTIMATED FOR MAKING APPLICATIONS TO THE CONTROLLING AUTHORITIES .

5. CLIENTS CAN BE ADVISED ON : a) FIXATION OF STANDARD RENT. b) COVER NOTE FOR FIRE INSURANCE AND CLAIM FOR DAMAGES IN CASE TO A BUILDING . c) REASONABLENESS OF THE AMOUNT CLAIMED IN THE ARBITRATION PROCEEDINGS .

OF FIRE

VALUATIONS OF OWNER OCCUPIED PROPERTIES ON LAND AND BUILDINGS BASIS SALE, PURCHASE, MORTGAGE , GENERAL GOVERNMENT PURPOSE.

FOR

EARTHWORK IN EXCAVATION FOR FOUNDATION TRENCHES

EARTH
IS EXCAVATED FOR FOUNDATION TRENCHES TO THE EXACT WIDTH AND DEPTH OF FOUNDATION TRENCHES TO THE EXACT WIDTH AND DEPTH OF FOUNDATION WITH VERTICAL SIDES AND THE BOTTOM LEVELLED BOTH LONGITUDINALLY AND TRANSVERSELY .

THE

QUANTITY OF EARTHWORK IS CALCULATED IN CUBIC METRE (CU

M) UP TO TWO DECIMAL PLACES , MULTIPLYING THE ACTUAL REQUIRED LENGTH X BREADTH X DEPTH OF EXCAVATION .

EARTHWORK

FOR STEPS SHALL BE INCLUDED .

EARTHWORK IN FILLING :THIS CONSIST OF TWO PARTS:A) FOUNDATION TRENCHES B)P LINTH FILLING . NORMALLY EXCAVATED EARTH FROM THE FOUNDATION TRENCHES IS USED FOR FILLING . THE EXACT RAMMED AND CONSOLIDATED VOLUME IS CALCULATED . BUT
CONSIDERING THE QUALITY OF EARTH PLINTH FILLING MAY BE DONE BY SAND AND IN SUCH A CASE PLINTH FILLING WORK SHALL BE SEPARATED FROM FOUNDATION FILLING .

a) FOR

FOUNDATION FILLING

: THE

VOLUME IS CALCULATED IN CU M .

THE LOW RATE OF EARTH FILLING THE QUANTITY IS USUALLY VOLUME OF EARTHWORK IN EXCAVATION .

CONSIDERING TAKEN AS 1/5 THE

BUT

FOR HIGH RATE DUE TO CARRIED

EARTH OR FOR ACCURACY , QUANTITY OF EARTHWORK=( VOLUME OF WORK IN EXCAVATION -VOLUME OF WORK IN FOUNDATION ) THE VOLUME OF WORK IN FOUNDATION MAY BE OF BRICK SOLING , CONCRETING AND MASONRY WORK UPTO GROUND LEVEL.

b) PLINTH

FILLING

THE

VOLUME IS CALCULATED IN CU M .

THE

INTERNAL LENGTH

AND BREADTH OF A ROOM OR VERANDAH BETWEEN PLINTH WALLS I. E: EXCLUDING PLINTH OFFSET FROM THE MEASUREMENT OF ROOM OR VERANDAH ARE TAKEN AND MULTIPLIED BY THE DEPTH OF FILLING.

THE

DEPTH OF FILLING IS TAKEN

FROM THE GROUND LEVEL UPTO THE BOTTOM OF FLOOR STRUCTURE.

CEMENT OR LIME CONCRETE IN FOUNDATION:THE

VOLUME IS COMPUTED IN CU. M I. E : LENGTH X BREADTH X DEPTH OF CONCRETE. SAME

DIMENSION OF

LENGTH AND BREADTH FOR CONCRETE REMAIN THE SAME

AS THAT OF EARTHWORK WHEN THE SECTION OF ALL WALLS OF THE BUILDING ARE

MASONRY WORK IN FOUNDATION & PLINTH :THE

VOLUME OF DIFFERENT OFFSETS OR LAYERS AND PLINTH WALL ARE

CALCULATED ONE BY ONE IN CU M BY MULTIPLYING THEIR INDIVIDUAL

LENGTH ,

BREADTH AND THICKNESS OR HEIGHT. AS THERE IS PLINTH NO DEDUCTION IS REQUIRED.

NO OPENING IN THE WALL UPTO

MASONRY WORK IN SUPERSTRUCTURE WALLS :FOR

WALLS UPTO ONE BRICK THICK ( I. E UPTO

20 CM) THICK

THE VOLUME IS

CALCULATED IN CU . M . LENGTH X BREADTH OR THICKNESS X HEIGHT. CONSIDERED FIRST SOLID HAS NO OPENINGS AND NO LINTEL. THE VOLUME OF BRICKWORK

THE

WALL IS

AFTER

CALCULATING

(CONSIDERING

SOLING FIRST) STANDARD DEDUCTION FOR

VOLUME OF OPENINGS VOLUME OCCUPIED BY LINTEL OR ANY OTHERS ARE MADE AS

IS : 1200 (DESCRIBE IN ARTICLE 4-4) TO ARRIVE IN THE ESTIMATED QUANTITY OF BRICKWORK . FOR MULTI-STOREYED BUILDINGS BRICKWORK FOR DIFFERENT STORIES SHALL BE KEPT SEPARATED .
PER STANDARD RULES OF DEDUCTION PRESCRIBE BY

R.C.C OR R.B WORK :REINFORCED CONCRETE MAY BE USED IN COLUMNS, LINTELS, BEAMS, ROOF S LABS ETC . THE QUANTITY IS WORKED OUT IN CU . M I.E: LENGTH X BREADTH X DEPTH INCLUDING REINFORCEMENT. THE VOLUME OCCUPIED BY REINFORCEMENT IS NOT DEDUCTED FROM THE VOLUME OF CONCRETE . THE QUANTITY OF REINFORCEMENT IS
FOUND SEPARATELY BY PROVIDING A SEPARATE ITEM IN THE ESTIMATE IF NOT OTHERWISE MENTIONED . STATED IN THE

EACH

TYPE OF WORK IS CLASSIFIED SEPARATELY

. THE :

METHOD OF MEASUREMENT IN CONJUNCTION IN COLUMN AND BEAMS HAS BEEN

R.C.C

CHAPTER

.ACCORDING

TO

IS

RECOMMENDATION FORMWORK I. E

SHUTTERING

. IF REINFORCEMENT OR SHUTTERING ARE INCLUDED AND CONSIDERED AS A CONSOLIDATED ONE ITEM. THIS SHOULD BE FULLY DESCRIBE AND MEASURED IN CU . M R.B WORK IN LINTEL AND ROOF SLAB IS MEASURED IN CU . M AS IN THE CASE OF R.C.C CHAJJA IS INCLUDED WITH R.C.C WORK.
SHALL BE CLASSIFIED AND MEASURED SEPARATELY

PRINCIPLES UNIT FOR VARIOUS ITEM OF WORKS:a) MASS,

VOLUMINOUS AND THICK WORK SHALL BE TAKEN IN CUBIC UNIT OR OR IN ITEM AND

VOLUME ( VIZ, CUBIC METRE ,CU M )

b) THIN, SHALLOW AND SURFACE WORK SHALL BE TAKEN IN SQUARE UNIT AREA. THE THICKNESS SHALL BE SPECIFIED IN THE DESCRIPTION OF THE
TO CALCULATE THE AREA.

THE MEASUREMENT OF LENGTH AND BREADTH OR PROJECTION SHALL BE TAKEN

( VIZ, SQUARE METRE, SQ M )

c) LONG

AND THIN WORK SHALL BE TAKEN IN LINEAR OR RUNNING UNITS AND

LINEAR MEASUREMENT SHALL BE TAKEN ( VIZ , RUNNING METRE , RM).

LONG AND SHORT WALL OR OUT-TO-OUT & IN-TO- IN METHOD :IN

THIS METHOD THE LONGER WALLS IN A BUILDING

(GENERALLY

IN ONE

DIRECTION ) ARE CONSIDERED AS LONG WALLS AND MEASURED FROM OUT - TO- OUT AND THE SHORTER OR PARTITION WALLS IN A PERPENDICULAR DIRECTION OF THE LONG WALLS ARE CONSIDERED AS SHORT WALLS AND ARE MEASURED FROM IN- TO- IN FOR A PARTICULAR LAYER OF WORK .

THESE

LENGTH OF LONG AND SHORT WALLS

ARE MULTIPLIED SEPARATELY BY BREADTH AND HEIGHT OF THE CORRESPONDING LAYER AND ARE ADDED TO GET THE QUANTITY. WALLS VARY IN EVERY LAYER OF FOOTING.

SUCH

LENGTH OF LONG AND SHORT

TO

CALCULATE THE LENGTH OF LONG AND SHORT WALLS DETERMINE FIRST

THEIR CENTER - TO-CENTRE LENGTH INDIVIDUALLY FROM THE PLAN.

THEN

THE LENGTH THE

OF THE LONG WALL OUT - TO-OUT MAY BE CALCULATED AFTER ADDING HALF BREADTH OF WALL AT EACH END TO ITS CENTRE - TO -CENTRE LENGTH .

THUS

LENGTH OF SHORT WALL MEASURED IN - TO- IN MAY BE FOUND OUT AFTER SUBTRACTION OF HALF BREADTH AT EACH END FROM ITS CENTRE - TO -CENTRE LENGTH.

THE

LENGTH OF THE LONG WALL GENERALLY DECREASE FROM EARTHWORK

TO BRICKWORK IN SUPERSTRUCTURE AND IN THE CASE OF SHORT WALL, ITS LENGTH INCREASES .

CENTRE LINE METHOD: IN

THIS METHOD CALCULATE THE TOTAL CENTRE LINE LENGTH OF WALLS IN

BUILDING AND MULTIPLY THE SAME BY BREADTH AND DEPTH OF THIS TO GET THE TOTAL QUANTITY AT A TIME .

FOR

DIFFERENT SECTIONS OF WALLS IN A BUILDING , THE

CENTRE LINE LENGTH FOR EACH TYPE SHALL BE WORKED OUT SEPARATELY . IN CASE OF PARTITION OR VERANDAH WALLS JOINING THE MAIN WALLS, THE CENTRE LINE LENGTH SHALL BE REDUCED BY HALF OF THE BREADTH OF THE LAYER OF MAIN WALL THAT JOINS WITH THE PARTITION OR VERANDAH WALL AT THE SAME LEVEL

NUMBER LENGTH.

OF SUCH JOINTS ARE STUDIED FIRST TO CALCULATE THE CENTRE LINE

ENGLISH METHOD OF TAKING OUT QUANTITIES :THE

DIMENSION SHEET USED FOR TAKING -OFF IS A FOOLSCAP SHEET DIVIDED INTO

COLUMNS 1 IS TERMED TIMES TING AND IS USED FOR SETTING THE NUMBER OF ITEM . COLUMN 2 IS KNOWN DIMENSION COLUMN IN THIS COLUMN MEASUREMENT ARE WRITTEN . COLUMN 3 IS CALLED SQUARING COLUMN QUANTITIES WORKED OUT ARE ENTERED IN THIS COLUMN . COLUMN 4 IS CALLED DESCRIPTION COLUMN D ESCRIPTION OF THE ITEM OF WORKS ARE STATED IN THIS COLUMN . THIS IS A LENGTHY PROCESS OF RECORDING MEASUREMENTS AND NOT FOLLOWED HERE . S O FURTHER DETAILS ARE NOT DESCRIBE .
MAIN SECTIONS EACH SECTION HAVING FOUR COLUMNS .

DATA REQUIRED FOR DETAILED ESTIMATE FOLLOWING DATA IS NECESSARY FOR PREPARING AN ESTIMATE: 1. DRAWING 2. SPECIFICATION 3. RATES 4. MODE OF MEASUREMENTS

DRAWING THE DRAWING IS THE BASIS FROM WHICH QUANTITIES OF VARIOUS ITEM FOR A WORK ARE
CALCULATED

SO FULLY DIMENSIONED DRAWING MUST BE PREPARED WHICH IS SHOWING PLANS, DIFFERENT SECTIONS AND OTHER RELEVANT DETAILS FOR THE WORK . FOR PLANS, SECTIONS AND ELEVATION: 1CM = 0.5M TO 1CM = 2M SCALE CAN BE USED . FOR DETAILED DRAWING : 1CM = 1CM TO 1CM=20 CM SCALE CAN BE USED

SPECIFICATION GENERAL SPECIFICATION: IN GENERAL SPECIFICATION THE NATURE AND CLASS OF WORK AND THE NAMES OF MATERIAL TO BE USED ARE DESCRIBED . IT GIVES A GENERAL IDEA FOR THE PROJECT.

DETAILED SPECIFICATION: DETAILED SPECIFICATION GIVES DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EVERY ITEMS TO BE EXECUTED , WITH THE QUALITIES , QUANTITIES , PROPORTION OF MATERIALS, WORKMANSHIP , THE METHOD OF PREPARATION AND EXECUTION . DETAILED SPECIFICATION ARE HELPFUL FOR THE EXECUTION OF THE DIFFERENT ITEMS OF
WORK TO THE SITE SUPERVISOR AND THE OWNER TO EXECUTE THE WORK AS PER DETAILED SPECIFICATION .

RATES THE RATES OF VARIOUS MATERIAL USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND THE WAGES OF
DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF LABOUR SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR PREPARING ESTIMATE .

THE LOCATION OF WORK AND ITS DISTANCE FROM THE SOURCE OF MATERIALS AND THE COST OF TRANSPORT SHOULD BE KNOWN . THESE RATES MAY BE OBTAINED FROM PWD SCHEDULE OF RATES BOOK OR THE RATES MAY BE WORKED OUT BY THE ANALYSIS OF RATE METHOD .

MODE OF MEASUREMENT IT IS A STANDARD METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. A BOOK IS PUBLISHED BY BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS , IS 1200 WHICH SPECIFIES THE UNIQUE METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF QUANTITIES OF ITEMS OF WORK . IT HELPS IN PREPARATION OF ESTIMATE TO THE FINAL COMPLETION OF WORK AND MAKING PAYMENTS OF WORKS .

SCHEDULE OF RATES A BOOKLET CONTAINING RATES OF VARIOUS ENGINEERING ITEMS FOR THE PREPARATION OF DETAILED ESTIMATES SUCH AS BUILDINGS , ROADS , BRIDGES , CANALS ETC . CALLED AS SCHEDULE OF RATES . IT ALSO GIVES THE RATE OF MATERIALS , DAILY WAGES OF LABOUR, CARRIAGE EXPENDITURE . IT IS ALSO GIVEN WITH TABLE FOR QUANTITIES OF VARIOUS MATERIAL REQUIRED IN CONSTRUCTION . SCHEDULE OF RATES VARY WITH THE REGION . SCHEDULE OF RATES INCREASES EVERY YEAR BY CERTAIN PERCENTAGE OF PREVIOUS YEAR RATES .

10

MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR FRAMING AN ESTIMATE i. A

SET OF PLANS COMPLETE IN EVERY RESPECT AND FULLY DIMENSIONAL WITH WORKING OUT , FIGURED DIMENSIONS MUST BE FOLLOWED IN

THE SECTION .

WHILE

PREFERENCE TO SCALED ONES .

ii. iii.

DETAILED A

SPECIFICATIONS ABOUT THE MATERIALS TO BE USED THEIR

PROPORTIONS AND THE METHOD OF EXECUTION OF THE WORK . SCHEDULE OF RATES OF ALL THE ITEMS OF CONSTRUCTION WORK.

HOW TO WORKOUT THE DETAILED ESTIMATE BEFORE

WORKING OUT THE DETAILED ESTIMATE, THE WHOLE PROJECT IS

DIVIDED INTO PART WORK KNOWN AS SUB - WORKS . COST OF A PROJECT

THE

COST OF EACH OF THE SUB

WORK IS ESTIMATED SEPARATELY AND THEN ADD TOGETHER TO GIVE THE TOTAL

EG : A

BUNGALOW WITH AN OUTHOUSE, GARAGE, COMPOUND

WALL EACH WORKED OUT SEPARATELY AND WHEN ADDED TOGETHER WILL GIVE AN IDEA OF THE TOTAL COST OF THE PROJECT.

PRELIMINARIES 1. PLAN
SHOULD BE THOROUGHLY STUDIED AND SPECIAL POINTS WHICH ARE

LIKELY TO BE OVERLOOKED SHOULD BE NOTED ON A SEPARATE SHEET OF PAPER .

2. DIFFERENT 3. WORK

SEQUENCES OF OPERATIONS OF CONSTRUCTION WORK SHOULD BE

VISUALIZED AND NOTED. OF FINDING OUT QUANTITIES SHOULD BE COMMENCED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK AND RECORDED ON QUANTITY SHEETS .

4. BILL

OF QUANTITY OR

ABSTRACT

SHEET SHOULD BE PREPARED SHOWING THE

ITEMS , QUANTITIES , RATES AND THE TOTAL OF ALL ITEMS WILL REPRESENT AN APPROXIMATE COST . KNOWN AS WORK.

TO

THIS COST , USUALLY

10%

TO

15%

OF THE SAME

CONTINGENCIES 25%.

IS ADDED TO GIVE THE TOTAL ESTIMATE OF THE

IN

THE CASE OF REPAIR PROPOSAL, CONTINGENCIES IS ADDED TO THE OF OPERATIONS OF THE CONSTRUCTION WORK FOR AN

EXTENT OF

5. SEQUENCE 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

R.C.C

FRAMED BUILDING OF GROUND AND ONE UPPER FLOOR :

CLEARING THE SITE . EXCAVATION FOR FOUNDATION. MASS CONCRETE BELOW R.C.C FOOTINGS R.C.C FOOTINGS R.C.C COLUMNS BELOW PLINTH. R.C.C PLINTHS BEAMS RUBBLE MASONRY OR BRICK WORK FOR PLINTH. MURUM FILLING IN PLINTH
11

9) DRY RUBBLE PACKING IN PLINTH . 10) CEMENT CONCRETE BEDDING FOR PLINTH 11) R.C.C COLUMNS FOR GROUND FLOOR 12) CASTING FIRST R.C.C SLABS WITH BEAMS . 13) R.C.C COLUMNS FOR FIRST FLOOR. 14) CASTING LAST R.C.C SLABS WITH BEAMS . 15) ERECTIONS OF FRAMES OF DOORS, WINDOWS,
BRICK WALLS

AND CONSTRUCTION OF

16) STAIRCASE CABIN WORK 17) PLASTER TO WALLS 18) FLOOR PAVEMENT 19) BRICK BAT COBA AND TERRACE FINISHING 20) FIXING DOOR AND WINDOW SHUTTERS 21) DRAINAGE AND PLUMBING WORK. 22) ELECTRIC INSTALLATION WORK 23) OIL PAINT AND COLOUR WASH 24) FINAL FINISHING OF THE BUILDING .

CEMENT PLASTERING : 1) MATERIALS: CEMENT SHALL BE FRESH PORTLAND CEMENT AND SAND MEDIUM QUALITY , CLEANED FREE FROM ORGANIC MATTER OR SALTS . A LL MATERIALS INCLUDING WATER SHALL BE OF STANDARD SPECIFICATION. 2) PREPARATION OF MORTAR: THE MATERIALS SHALL BE AT FIRST MIXED
SHALL BE THE DRY

THOROUGHLY TILL UNIFORM IN COLOUR IN THE REQUIRED PROPORTION AND THEN SHALL BE MIXED WET ADDING WATER SLOWLY AND GRADUALLY FOR AT LEAST FOUR TIMES TO GIVE UNIFORM PASTE .

3)PREPARATION OF SURFACE: THE SURFACE OF THE WALL SHALL BE BRUSHED, CLEANED , WASHED , WATERED AND WETTED WITH WATER BEFORE PLASTERING . IN
OF CEMENT PLASTER OR CEMENT CONCRETE THE FACE SHALL BE LIGHTLY ROUGHENED , CLEANED WASHED AND WETTED . DISTANCE OF

CASE

TO

ENSURE UNIFORM THICKNESS OF

PLASTER AS SPECIFIED NARROW STRIPS OF WHITE PLASTER SHALL BE APPLIED A

1 CM AND GAPS

BETWEEN SUCH STRIPS SHALL BE FILLED WITH MORTAR . BE STARTED FROM TOP AND WORKED TOWARDS SHALL BE MADE FLUSH WITH WOODEN STRAIGHT

4)LAYING : THE PLASTERING SHALL THE GROUND THE WHOLE SURFACE

SURFACE.

EDGES AND RUBBED THOROUGHLY WITH WOODEN FLOATS TO ENSURE AN EVEN

ROUNDING

OF CORNERS IF DESIRED BY THE

ENGINEER-IN-CHARGE

SHALL

BE CARRIED OUT IN ONE OPERATION .

5)CURING : PLASTERING SURFACE FOR AT LEAST 7 DAYS

SHALL BE KEPT WET BY

SPRINKLING WATER

AFTER

12 HOURS

AND SHALL BE PROTECTED FROM RAIN OR SUN .

12

PLASTERING AND POINTING : PLASTERING : P LASTERING SHALL BE MEASURED IN SQ .M STATING THICKNESS, MORTAR , AND ITS MIX , NATURE OF BASE AND SPECIAL TREATMENT OF BASE IF ANY . THE DESCRIPTION SHALL INCLUDE INTERNAL ROUNDING ANGLES ., EXTERNAL CHAMFERS AND ROUNDING ANGLES UPTO 80MM IN GRITH . REMOVAL OF PLASTERING BY SCRAPING OR OTHERWISE SHALL BE MEASURED IN SQ .M P LASTERING ON ROOFS , CEILINGS , AND WALLS SHALL BE KEPT SEPARATE . PLASTERING
IN ISOLATED WIDTHS OR IN WIDTH NOT FORMING A PART OF GENERAL

PLASTER WORK AS IN THE CASE OF CORNICES , BANDS , PANELS ETC .AND ALSO IN THE CASE OF CHAMFERS , ROUNDED ANGLES MORE THAN MENTIONED BELOW :

80MM

IN GIRTH SHALL BE

1. WIDTH OR GIRTH ABOVE 30 CM IN SQ. M 2. WIDTH OR GIRTH BELOW 30CM IN RUNNING METRES. PLASTERING AT A HEIGHT MORE THAN 10M ABOVE GROUND LEVEL SHALL BE KEPT SEPARATE AND SHALL BE MEASURED IN STAGES OF 5M HEIGHT EXCEPT
INTERIOR PLASTERING IN CASE OF BUILDING MEASURED SEPARATELY FOR EACH STOREY .

CEILING

SHALL BE MEASURED BETWEEN WALLS OR PARTITIONS

DIMENSION SHALL BE TAKEN BEFORE PLASTERING . MEASURE AS PLASTERING ON CEILING . WIDTH OR GIRTH EXCEEDS

SOFFIT

OF STAIRS SHALL BE

R IBS

AND MOULDINGS ON CEILINGS SHALL

BE MEASURED AS FOR CORNICES DEDUCTION BEING MADE FROM PLASTERING IF

15

CM.

POINTING :

. PROPORTIONS OF THE MATERIALS TYPE OF POINTING SHALL BE DESCRIBE FULLY .D IFFERENT TYPES OF POINTING SHALL BE KEPT SEPARATE . P OINTING OF WALL , FLOOR WALL , ROOF SHALL BE KEPT SEPARATE. P OINTING ON HONEYCOMB WORK SHALL BE DESCRIBE AND MEASURED IN SQ. M ON THE BASIS OF OVERALL SUPERFICIAL AREA WITHOUT ANY DEDUCTION FOR OPENINGS .

POINTING

SHALL BE MEASURE IN SQ .M

13

CONCRETE WORK THE

ITEM OF THE CONCRETE WORK WHETHER PLAIN OR REINFORCED INCLUDES ALL

THE MATERIALS THAT ARE REQUIRE TO PREPARE THE CONCRETE CENTERING MATERIALS FROM WORKS MIXING POURING IN POSITIONS VIBRATING CONSOLIDATING CURING HACKING

(THAT

IS MAKING THE SURFACE ROUGH TO RECEIVE THE PLASTER )

AND PROVIDING KEY FOR THE FURTHER CONCRETE WORK ADVANCE.

.THE

ITEM DOES NOT

INCLUDE THE TEST FOR THE MATERIALS OR MIX AND FINISHING UNLESS SPECIFIED IN

THE

PROPORTIONS OF MATERIALS METHOD OF MIXING PLACING IN

POSITIONS VIBRATING AND AMOUNT OF STEEL SHOULD BE MADE KNOWN TO THE CONTRACTOR IN THE ADVANCE .

CONCRETE

WORK IS EITHER PAID AS A UNIT CONSISTING OF CONCRETE AND STEEL

OR PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE AND STEEL IS PAID SEPARATELY

THE

PRACTICE

FOLLOWED BY THE ARCHITECTS AND ENGINEERS IS TO PAY FOR THE AND PER TONNE RESPECTIVELY .

R.C.C

WORK

COMPRISING OF CONCRETE AND STEEL EACH PAID SEPARATELY PER CUBIC METER

POINT OF DIFFERENCE OCCURS ON MODES OF MEASUREMENT WHEN THE

R.C.C

ITEM OF WORK INCLUDE NECESSARY FINISHING .

THE

CONTRACTOR USUALLY CONTEND

THAT FINISHED MEASUREMENT OF THE WORKS SHOULD BE TAKEN WHEREAS THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEERS CONTEND THOUGH ITEM INCLUDE FINISHING YET CONTRACTOR IS NOT ENTITLED TO FINISHED MEASUREMENT AND THAT HE SHOULD BE PAID ACCORDING TO MEASUREMENT OF UNFINISHED PLANS

R.C.C WORK

AS GIVEN ON

R.C.C

. THIS

POINT SHOULD BE MADE CLEAR IN THE TENDER AS THE CONTRACTOR

WILL BE ENTITLE TO FINISHED MEASUREMENT. PARTS ONE FOR UNFINISHED

R.C.C SHOULD

BE DIVIDED INTO TWO

R.C.C

WORK AND OTHER REPRESENTING THE RATE OF

FINISHING AND THE BILLS PREPARED ACCORDINGLY .

WHEN

THE CONCRETE AND STEEL USE ARE PAID SEPARATELY THE FOLLOWING ARE

INCLUDED IN THE PAYMENT FOR STEEL WORK PER

M.T BASIS

NAMELY ;

a) BINDING WIRES b) OVERLAPS OTHER

THAN SPECIFIED ONES .

14

DEDUCTION FOR R.C.C OR PLAIN CONCRETE WORKS 1. NO 2. NO 3. NO 4. NO

DEDUCTION TO BE MADE FOR DISSIMILAR MATERIAL UPTO DEDUCTION TO BE MADE FOR OPENINGS UPTO

500 SQ.MM

LIKE

ENDS OF BEAMS , PULINS ,RAFTERS , TRUSSES .

0.20 SQ. M.

DEDUCTION TO BE MADE FOR THE VOLUME OCCUPIED BY THE DEDUCTION TO BE MADE FOR PIPES AND CONDUITS UPTO

REINFORCEMENT.

25 SQ. CM

CROSS -

SECTIONAL AREAS .

UNLESS

OTHERWISE SPECIFIED ALL MEASUREMENTS OF

R.C.C

BEAMS AND

COLUMNS ARE TO BE PAID IN CUBIC METRES ONLY AND NO MEASUREMENT ON RUNNING METRE BASIS.

POINTING IT
IS MEASURED IN SQ.M OF THE FALL SURFACE COVERED BY POINTING AND TO SPECIFY THE TYPE OF POINTING REQUIRED LIKE FLUSH,

DEDUCTIONS TO BE ALLOWED ARE THE SAME AS GIVEN FOR THE PLASTERING WORK.

CARE SHOULD BE TAKEN TUCK, KEYED OR STUCK.

15

COMPUTATIONS :GROUND FLOOR CENTRE TO CENTRE LENGTH OF WALL MAIN ROOMS BACK LONG WALLS OF ALL ROOMS INCLUDING STAIRCASE ROOM C TO C LENGTH

= 2(3.5 +

3.0) + 2.3 + 4 X 0.3 + 0.3 / 2 + 0.3 / 2 = 16.80M

FRONT LONG WALL OF BED AND LIVING ROOM ON ONE SIDE OF STAIRCASE ROOM C . TO C . LENGTH

= 3.5 + 3.0 + 0.3 + 0.3 / 2 + 0.3 /2 = 7.10M = 3.5 + 0.3 / 2 + 0.3 /2 = 3.80 M

CROSS OR SHORT WALL C. TO C . LENGTH FRONT VERANDAH :

STUDY ROOM , FRONT LONG WALL C . TO C . LENGTH

= 3.70 + 0.3 / 2 + 0.2 /2 = 3.9M STUDY ROOM CROSS OR SHORT WALL C . TO C . LENGTH + 2.0 + 0.3 /2 +0.2/2 = 2.25M VERANDAH WALL IN BETWEEN STUDY ROOMS C . TO C . LENGTH = 8.9+0.2/2 + 0.2/2 = 9.1M
BACK VERANDAH : KITCHEN , BACK WALL C . TO C . LENGTH

= 2.5+0.2/2+0.2/2 = 2.70M KITCHEN , CROSS OR SHORT WALL C. TO C . LENGTH = 2.5+0.3/2+0.2/2 = 2.75M BATH AND W.C. TWO SETS COMBINED , BACK LONG WALL C . TO C . LENGTH = 2X1.2+0.2+2X0.2/2 = 2.8M
BATH AND W.C. CROSS OR SHORT WALL C. TO C . LENGTH

= 1.4+1.0+0.1+0.3/2+0.2/2 =

2.75M
VERANDAH WALL IN BETWEEN KITCHEN AND W .C . C. TO C . LENGTH

= 4.15+0.1+0.1+0.1 =

4.45M

FIRST FLOOR CENTRE TO CENTRE LENGTH OF WALLS :MAIN ROOMS BACK LONG WALL OF ALL ROOMS INCLUDING STAIRCASE ROOM C . TO C . LENGTH

(3.7+3.1) X 2+2.3+(4X0.2)+0.2/2+0.2/2 = 16.9M

FRONT LONG WALL OF BED AND LIVING ROOMS ON ONE SIDE OF STAIRCASE ROOM C . TO C . LENGTH

= (3.7+3.1)+0.2+2X0.2/2 = 7.2M = 3.7+2X0.2/2 = 3.9M

CROSS OR SHORT WALLS C . TO C . LENGTH FRONT VERANDAH STUDY ROOM

FRONT LONG WALL C . TO C. LENGTH = 3.7+2X0.2/2 = 3.9 M

16

 CROSS OR SHORT WALL C. TO C. LENGTH = 2.0+2X0.2/2 = 2.2M VERANDAH WALL IN BETWEEN STUDY ROOMS C . TO C . LENGTH = 3.1+2.3+3.1+(2 X0.2)+2 X0.2 = 9.1M
STUDY ROOM

BACK VERANDAH KITCHEN - BACK WALL C . TO C . LENGTH KITCHEN

= 2.5+2 X0.2/2 = 2.7M

CROSS OR SHORT WALL C. TO C. LENGTH = 2.5+2X0.2/2 = 2.7M

TWO SETS COMBINED , BACK WALL C . TO C. LENGTH = 1.2+1.2+0.2+2 X0.2/2 = 2.8M

BATH AND W.C. BATH AND W.C.

CROSS WALLS C . TO C. LENGTH = 1.4+1.0+0.1+2 X0.2/2 = 2.7M = 4.15+2X0.2/2 =

VERANDAHWALL IN BETWEEN KITCHEN AND W .C . C. TO C . LENGTH

4.35M

SR NO

PARTICULARS

NO

LENG TH M

BREADT H M

HEIGHT M

QUAN TITY

REMARKS

EARTHWORK IN EXCAVATION IN FOUNDATION MAIN ROOMS BACK LW FULL FRONT LW OF BED AND LIVING ROOM SHORT WALLS STUDY ROOMS FRONT WALL CROSS WALL

1 2

17.6 7.9

0.8 0.8

0.9 0.9

12.67 11.38

L=16.8+0.8 L=7.1+0.8

6 2 4

3.0 4.5 1.55

0.8 0.6 0.6

0.9 0.6 0.6

12.96 3.24 2.23

L=3.8-0.8 L=3.9+0.6 L=2.25-0.6/2-

0.8/2
KITCHEN LONG WALL SHORT WALL BATH AND W.C. LONG WALL SHORT WALL VERANDAH PILLARS FRONT DWARF WALL TOTAL LENGTH

2 4

3.3 2.05

0.6 0.6

0.6 0.6

2.38 2.95

L=2.7+0.6 L=2.75-0.6/2-

0.8/2 1 3 4 3.4 2.05 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.22 2.21 1.15
L=2.8+0.6 L=2.75-0.6/2-

0.8/2

6.9

0.4
17

0.4

1.1

L=9.1-2X0.6/2-

2X0.8
BACK VERANDAH PLINTH DWARF WALL

2.95

0.4

0.4

1.1

L=4.35-2X0.6/2-

0.8

STAIRCASE BASE STEP FRONT STEP BACK

1 1 2

1.1 2.5 1.2

0.6 0.7 0.7

0.7 0.25 0.25

TOTAL

0.46 0.44 0.42 55.75

CU M

P.C.C. CONCRETE IN FOUNDATION (1:4:5) MAIN ROOMS BACK LONG WALL FRONT LONG WALL OF BED AND LIVING CROSS SHORT WALL

1 2 6

17.6 7.9 3.0

0.8 0.8 0.8

0.3 0.3 0.3

4.22 3.79 4.32

STUDY ROOMS FRONT LONG WALL CROSS SHORT WALL

2 4

4.5 1.65

0.6 0.6

0.2 0.2

1.08 0.79

KITCHENS LONG WALL SHORT WALL

2 4

3.3 2.15

0.6 0.6

0.2 0.2

0.79 1.03
L=2.75-0.6/2-

0.6/2
BATH AND W.C. LONG WALL SHORT WALL

1 3

3.4 2.15

0.6 0.6

0.2 0.2

0.41 0.77
L=2.75-0.6/2-

0.6/2
VERANDAH PILLARS FRONT VERANDAH PLINTH DWARF WALL

4 1

0.8 7.5

0.6 0.4

0.2 0.2

0.38 0.6
L=9.1-2X0.4/22X0.6

18

STAIRCASE BASE STEP FRONT STEP BACK

1 1 2

1.1 2.5 1.2

0.6 0.7 0.7

0.2 0.15 0.15

TOTAL

0.13 0.26 0.25 19.36

CU M

MASONRY WORK UPTO PLINTH (1:6) MAIN ROOMS BACK WALL

1ST FOOTING 2ND FOOTING

PLINTH WALL

1 1 1

17.4 17.3 17.2

0.6 0.5 0.4

0.2 0.2 0.7

2.09 1.73 4.82

L=16.8+0.6 L=17.4-0.1 L=17.3-0.1

FRONT LONG WALL

1ST FOOTING 2
ND

2 2 2

7.7 7.6 7.5

0.6 0.5 0.4

0.2 0.2 0.7

1.85 1.52 4.2

L=7.1+0.6 L=7.7-0.1 L=7.6-0.1

FOOTING

PLINTH WALL

CROSS WALL

1ST FOOTNG 2
ND

6 6 6

3.2 3.3 3.4

0.6 0.5 0.4

0.2 0.2 0.7

2.3 1.98 5.71

L=3.8-0.6 L=3.2+0.1 L=3.3+0.1

FOOTING

PLINTH WALL

STUDY ROOMS FRONT WALL FOOTING PLINTH WALL FOOTING PLINTH WALL

2 2 4 4

4.3 4.2 1.8 1.9

0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3

0.2 0.7 0.2 0.7

0.69 1.76 0.58 1.6

L=3.9+0.4 L=4.3-0.1 L=2.25-0.5/2-

0.4/2 L=1.8+0.1

KITCHEN

19

BACK WALL FOOTING PLINTH WALL CROSS WALL FOOTING

2 2 4 4

3.1 3.0

0.4 0.3

0.2 0.7

0.5 1.26

L=2.7+0.4 L=3.1-0.1

2.3

0.4

0.2

0.74

L=2.75-0.5/2-

0.4/2
PLINTH WALL BATH AND W.C. BACK WALLS FOOTING PLINTH WALLS

2.4

0.3

0.7

2.02

L=2.3+0.1

1 1

3.2 3.1

0.4 0.3

0.2 0.7

0.26 0.65

L=2.8+0.4 L=3.2-0.1

CROSS WALL FOOTING

2.3

0.4

0.2

0.55

L=2.75-0.5/2-

0.4/2
PLINTH WALL VERANDAH PILLAARS FOOTING PLINTH WALL FRONT VERANDAH PLINTH WALL FRONT VERANDAH PLINTH DWARF WALL SUM TOTAL LENGTH

2.4

0.3

0.7

1.51

L=2.3+0.1

4 4

0.6 0.5

0.4 0.3

0.2 0.7

0.19 0.42

7.8

0.2

0.7

1.09

L=9.1-2X0.3/22X0.5

BACK VERANDAH PLINTH DWARF WALL

3.55

0.2

0.7

0.99

L=4.35-2X0.3/21X0.5

STAIRCASE BASE STAIR FRONT 1 STEP FRONT 2 STEP BACK 1

ST

1 1 1 2

1.1 2.3 2.3 1.0

0.5 0.6 0.3 0.6

20

0.4 0.2 0.15 0.2

0.22 0.28 0.1 0.24

ND

ST

STEP BACK 2

ND

1.0

0.3

0.15
TOTAL

0.09 41.94
CU M

1ST CLASS BRICKWORK FOR WALLS (1:6)

BACK WALL FRONT LONG WALL CROSS WALL STAIRCASE ROOM FRONT WALL

1 2 6 1

17.1 7.4 3.5 2.3

0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

3.0 3.0 3.0 0.6

TOTAL

15.39 13.32 18.9 0.42 48.3

CU M

L=16.8+0.3 L=7.1+0.3 L=3.8-0.3

DEDUCT DOOR OPENING WINDOW OPENING SHELVES OPENING LINTELS TOTAL OF DEDUCTI ON NET TOTAL

10 8 6

1.0 0.9 1.0

0.3 0.3 0.2

2.0 1.2 1.8

6.0 2.59 2.16 0.834 11.58

36.45
CU M

R.C.C. WORK IN ROOF SLABS , LINTELS , SUNSHADES ETC . (1:2:4) CONCRETE

R.C.C. SLAB BED AND LIVING ROOMS FRONT VERANDAH INCLUDING STUDY ROOMS BACK VERANDAH INCLUDING KITCHEN , BATH AND W.C. ROOMS

2 1

7.4 17.1

3.8 2.35

0.12 0.1

6.749 4.019

17.1

2.85

0.1

4.874

21

LINTELS OVER DOORS MAIN ROOM OVER WINDOWS MAIN ROOM OVER SHELVES IN 30CM WALL OVER ENTRANCE OF STAIRCASE OVER DOORS STUDY ROOM OVER DOORS KITCHEN OVER DOOR BATH AND W. C . OVER WINDOWS STUDY ROOM OVER WINDOWS KITCHEN OVER SHELVES KITCHEN OVER R .C.C. JALI OVER DOOR OF BATH AND W .C. OVER FRONT VERANDAH 20 CM THK OVER BACK VERANDAH INCLUDING WINDOW

8 8 6 1 2 2 4 4 2 2 4

1.3 1.2 1.3 2.7 1.3 1.2 1.05 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.05

0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

0.312 0.288 0.234 0.162 0.052 0.048 0.084 0.096 0.044 0.052 0.084

9.2

0.2

0.2

0.368

13.6

0.2

0.15

0.408

SUNSHADES OVER WINDOW IN MAIN ROOM AND STUDY ROOM OVER WINDOW IN KITCHEN OVER FRONT VERANDAH OVER BACK VERANDAH INCLUDING BACK WINDOWS SLABS OF SHELVES 25CM WIDE 4CM THK

1.2

0.5

0.05

0.24

2 1 1

1.1 9.2 13.6

0.5 0.6 0.5

0.05 0.05 0.05

0.055 0.276 0.34

8X 3

1.1

0.25

0.04

0.264

STAIRCASE

22

INCLINED SLABS ABOVE WALL AT BASE LANDING SLAB MIDDLE LANDING SLAB FLOOR LEVEL

2 1 1

2.54 1.1 2.6 2.6 1.1

1.1 0.5 1.05 0.75

X0.5(0.2 5X1.75)

0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15

0.838 0.083 0.41 0.293 0.385

1 ST

1 8X 2

STEPS WITHOUT REINFORCEMENT

TOTAL

21.05 8
CU M

23

BIBLOGRAPHY
ESTMATING AND COSTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING BY M . CHAKRABORTY

ESTIMATING AND COSTING BY NICMAR PUBLICATIONS

24