Flanges

A flange is designed to connect sections of pipe, or to join a pipe to an assembly such as a pressure vessel, valve or pump. Flanges are joined by bolting, and sealing is completed with the use of gaskets, and fixed to the piping system by welding or threading. A comprehensive range of Table D and E flanges to AS2129, and forged flanges to ANSI/ASME standards in ratings of class, are stocked by Prochem throughout Australia in sizes 15NB (12") through to 400NB (16"). Larger sizes to 1500NB (60") and ratings to class 2500 are also available through our worldwide network of quality approved mills and stockists. Standard stocks include 304L and 316L stainless steels, with many other materials available on request including Cr Mo, low temperature alloys, nickel based alloys and duplex. All flanges can be supplied complete with material certificates in strict accordance with applicable standards, under the control of Prochems ISO 9001 Quality Assurance Program.

Flanges
SLIP ON - TUBE BORE (left) and PIPE BORE (right) PLATE FLANGES RAISED FACE WELD NECK FLANGES

SCREWED FLANGES

RAISED FACE - SLIP ON (left), SOCKET WELD (right) FLANGES

RAISED FACE BLIND FLANGES

BLIND PLATE FLANGES

LAP JOINT

TYPES AND APPLICATIONS Slip on Weld Flange The flange is slipped over the pipe and welded (usually both inside and outside) to provide strength and prevent leakage. These flanges are at the low cost end of the scale, and do not require high accuracy when cutting the pipe to length. They can sometimes have a boss or hub, and can be made with a bore to suit either pipe or tube. Weld Neck Flange This flange is designed to be joined to a piping system by butt welding. It is relatively expensive because of its long neck, but is preferred for high stress applications. The neck, or hub, transmits stresses to the pipe, reducing stress concentrations at the base of the flange. The gradual transition of thickness from the base of the hub to the wall thickness at the butt weld provides important reinforcement of the flange. The bore of the flange matches the bore of the pipe, reducing turbulence and erosion. Threaded Flange This is similar to a slip-on flange in outline, but the bore is threaded, thus enabling assembly without welding. This obviously limits its application to relatively low pressure piping systems. The flange may be welded around the joint after assembly, but this is not considered a satisfactory method of increasing its pressure applications. Socket Weld Flange This is similar to a slip-on flange in outline, but the bore is counter-bored to accept pipe. The diameter of the remaining bore is the same as the inside diameter of the pipe. The flange is attached to the pipe by a fillet weld around the hub of the flange. An optional internal weld may be applied in high stress applications. Its biggest use is in high pressure systems such as hydraulic and steam lines. Lap Joint Flange This is again similar to a slip-on flange, but it has a radius at the intersection of the bore and the flange face, and no raised face, to accommodate a lap joint stub end. The face on the stub end forms the gasket face of the flange. This type of flange is used in applications where sections of piping systems need to be dismantled quickly and easily for inspection or replacement, because the stub end is welded to the pipe, not the flange.

FORGED BRANCH FLANGES

FORGED FLANGES 900# TO 2500#

Blind Flange This is a flange without a bore and is used to shut off a piping system or vessel opening. It also permits easy access to vessels or piping systems for inspection purposes. Loose Flange This is usually used with a pressed collar, where the flange is placed behind the collar before the collar is welded to the pipe. The SPECTACLE BLIND flange is not welded, and thus allows for easy alignment. As the flange is not in direct contact with the liquid, alternative materials can be used for the flange.

Flanges
FLANGE FACINGS The most common types of flange facings are: Flat Face (commonly used on AS2129 Flanges) and Raised Face (commonly used on ASME/ANSI B16.5 Flanges) Other facings include: Ring joint Tongue and groove Male and female O-ring groove MANUFACTURING STANDARDS In Australia, flanges are commonly manufactured to the following standards: 1. AS2129 - Flanges for Pipes, Valves and Fittings They are commonly known as Table flanges, (eg Table D) and are normally made from plate, hence slip-on, loose or blind flange are the most common forms. The standard covers up to 3000mm nominal size in Table D, and 1200mm nominal size in Table E, but only flanges up to 300mm nominal size are normally available off the shelf, in 304(L) or 316(L) grades. The other rating classes of Table A,C,F,H,J, and K are in less common usage than Table D and E. 2. ASME/ANSI B16. 5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings These are commonly referred to by their class rating eg. ANSI 150. This standard specifies that for the standard 304L/316L grades, the flanges must be forged (except for blind flanges which can be made from plate), and the most commonly stocked flanges are weld-neck, slip on and blind. (Note that the slip-on flanges have a hub similar to the lap joint flange previously depicted.) The standard covers sizes up to 24" diameter, in rating classes of 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500 and 2500. 3. ASME/ANSI B16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges This standard covers sizes 26" through to 60" diameter. In series A, class ratings 150, 300, 400, 600 and 900. In series B, class ratings 75, 150, 300, 400, 600 and 900. 4. ASME/ANSI B16.36 Orifice Flanges This standard covers sizes 1" to 24" in rating classes of 3W, 4W, 600, 900, 1500 and 2500. Other standards in less common use include: BS 4504 Circular Flanges for Pipes, Valves and Fittings (PN designated) BS1560 Section 3.1 Circular Flanges for Pipes, Valves and Fittings (Class designated) ISO 7005 Metallic Flanges AS 4087 Metallic Flanges for Waterworks Purposes The DIN 2500 - Series All of these standards specify the pressure-temperature ratings, materials, dimensions, tolerances and marking for flanges, and should be referred to for selection purposes.

A S 2 1 2 9 TA B L E F L A N G E S
F G K A A C&C1 H B PLATE SLIP-ON WELDING H B WELDING NECK K E C H B BOSSED K D C H B BLIND C K

TABLE D
LENGTH THROUGH HUB NOMINAL PIPE SIZE Metric (ins) OUTSIDE DIAMETER OF FLANGE THICKNESS COPPER ALLOY THICKNESS PLATE OR FORGED STEEL LENGTH OF BOSS TOTAL LENGTH OF WELDING NECK DIAMETER AT LARGE END OF NECK DIAMETER AT SMALL END OF NECK BOLT CIRCLE DIAMETER DRILLING DATA NUMBER OF HOLES DIAMETER OF HOLES NOMINAL PIPE SIZE Metric (ins)

BORE

B 95 100 115 120 135 150 165 185 215 255 280 335 405 455 525 580 640 705 825

C1 6 6 8 8 10 10 11 13 16 17 17 19 19 22 25 25 29 32 35

C 5* 5* 5* 6* 6* 8* 8* 10* 10* 13 13 13 16 19 22 22 25 29 32

D 10 11 11 11 13 13 16 16 19 19 19 22 27 29 -

E 22 22 22 25 29 29 32 35 41 44 48 51 64 70 73 -

F 27 33 43 49 59 70 83 102 130 152 184 241 292 343 387 -

G 22 27 34 43 49 61 76 89 115 142 169 220 274 324 356 -

H 67 73 83 87 98 114 127 146 178 210 235 292 356 406 470 521 584 641 756

J 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 12 12 12 12 16 16

K 14 14 14 14 14 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 22 22 26 26 26 26 30

15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600

(1/2) (3/4) (1) (1-1/4) (1-1/2) (2) (2-1/2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (8) (10) (12) (14) (16) (18) (20) (24)

15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600

(1/2) (3/4) (1) (1-1/4) (1-1/2) (2) (2-1/2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (8) (10) (12) (14) (16) (18) (20) (24)

*Plate flanges less than 12mm thickness may suffer unacceptable distortion after welding to pipe.

TABLE E
LENGTH THROUGH HUB NOMINAL PIPE SIZE Metric (ins) OUTSIDE DIAMETER OF FLANGE THICKNESS COPPER ALLOY THICKNESS PLATE OR FORGED STEEL LENGTH OF BOSS TOTAL LENGTH OF WELDING NECK DIAMETER AT LARGE END OF NECK DIAMETER AT SMALL END OF NECK BOLT CIRCLE DIAMETER DRILLING DATA NUMBER OF HOLES DIAMETER OF HOLES NOMINAL PIPE SIZE Metric (ins)

BORE OF FLANGES TO SUIT EITHER PIPE OR TUBE OD- REFER PIPE/TUBE DIMENSIONS PAGES 32/33
BORE

B 95 100 115 120 135 150 165 185 215 255 280 335 405 455 525 580 640 705 825

C1 6 6 8 8 10 10 11 13 16 17 17 19 22 25 25 25 29 35 38

C 6* 6* 7* 8* 9* 10* 10* 11* 13 14 17 19 22 25 29 32 35 38 48

D 10 11 11 11 13 13 16 16 19 19 19 22 27 29 -

E 22 22 22 25 29 29 32 35 41 44 48 51 64 70 73 -

F 27 33 43 49 59 70 83 102 130 152 184 241 292 343 387 -

G 22 27 34 43 49 61 76 89 115 142 169 220 274 324 356 -

H 67 73 83 87 98 114 127 146 178 210 235 292 356 406 470 521 584 641 756

J 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 12 12 12 12 16 16 16

K 14 14 14 14 14 18 18 18 18 18 22 22 22 26 26 26 26 26 33

15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600

(1/2) (3/4) (1) (1-1/4) (1-1/2) (2) (2-1/2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (8) (10) (12) (14) (16) (18) (20) (24)

15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600

(1/2) (3/4) (1) (1-1/4) (1-1/2) (2) (2-1/2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (8) (10) (12) (14) (16) (18) (20) (24)

*Plate flanges less than 12mm thickness may suffer unacceptable distortion after welding to pipe.

BORE OF FLANGES TO SUIT EITHER PIPE OR TUBE OD- REFER PIPE/TUBE DIMENSIONS PAGES 32/33

A S 2 1 2 9 TA B L E F L A N G E S
F G A K A C&C1 H B PLATE SLIP-ON WELDING H B WELDING NECK K E C H B BOSSED K D C H B BLIND C K

TABLE F
LENGTH THROUGH HUB NOMINAL PIPE SIZE Metric (ins) OUTSIDE DIAMETER OF FLANGE THICKNESS COPPER ALLOY THICKNESS PLATE OR FORGED STEEL LENGTH OF BOSS TOTAL LENGTH OF WELDING NECK DIAMETER AT LARGE END OF NECK DIAMETER AT SMALL END OF NECK BOLT CIRCLE DIAMETER DRILLING DATA NUMBER OF HOLES DIAMETER OF HOLES NOMINAL PIPE SIZE Metric (ins)

BORE

B 95 100 120 135 140 165 185 205 230 280 305 370 430 490 550 610 675 735 850

C1 8 8 10 10 11 11 13 14 17 19 22 25 25 29 32 32 35 38 41

C 10* 10* 10* 13 13 16 16 16 19 22 22 25 29 32 35 41 44 51 57

D 10 11 11 11 13 13 16 16 19 19 19 22 27 29 -

E 22 22 29 35 35 35 38 44 51 57 57 67 73 79 86 -

F 27 33 43 52 59 70 86 102 130 159 184 241 298 352 387 -

G 22 27 34 43 49 61 76 89 115 142 169 220 274 324 356 -

H 67 73 87 98 105 127 146 165 191 235 260 324 381 438 495 552 610 673 781

J 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 12 12 12 16 16 20 20 24 24

K 14 14 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 22 22 22 26 26 30 30 33 33 36

15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600

(1/2) (3/4) (1) (1-1/4) (1-1/2) (2) (2-1/2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (8) (10) (12) (14) (16) (18) (20) (24)

15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600

(1/2) (3/4) (1) (1-1/4) (1-1/2) (2) (2-1/2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (8) (10) (12) (14) (16) (18) (20) (24)

*Plate flanges less than 12mm thickness may suffer unacceptable distortion after welding to pipe.

TABLE H
LENGTH THROUGH HUB NOMINAL PIPE SIZE Metric (ins) OUTSIDE DIAMETER OF FLANGE THICKNESS COPPER ALLOY THICKNESS PLATE OR FORGED STEEL LENGTH OF BOSS TOTAL LENGTH OF WELDING NECK DIAMETER AT LARGE END OF NECK DIAMETER AT SMALL END OF NECK BOLT CIRCLE DIAMETER DRILLING DATA NUMBER OF HOLES DIAMETER OF HOLES NOMINAL PIPE SIZE Metric (ins)

BORE OF FLANGES TO SUIT EITHER PIPE OR TUBE OD- REFER PIPE/TUBE DIMENSIONS PAGES 32/33
BORE

B 115 115 120 135 140 165 185 205 230 280 305 370 430 490 5550 610 675 735 850

C1 10 10 11 11 13 13 14 16 19 22 25 32 35 38 41 44 48 51 57

C 13 13 14 17 17 19 19 22 25 29 29 32 35 41 48 54 60 67 76

D 10 11 11 11 13 13 16 16 19 19 19 22 27 29 -

E 29 29 29 35 35 35 38 44 51 57 57 67 73 79 86 -

F 30 35 43 52 59 70 86 102 130 159 184 241 298 352 387 -

G 22 27 34 43 49 61 76 89 115 142 169 220 274 328 386 -

H 83 83 87 98 105 127 146 165 191 235 260 324 381 438 495 552 610 673 781

J 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 12 12 12 16 16 20 20 24 24

K 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 22 22 22 26 26 30 30 33 33 36

15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600

(1/2) (3/4 (1) (1-1/4) (1-1/2) (2) (2-1/2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (8) (10) (12) (14) (16) (18) (20) (24)

15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600

(1/2) (3/4) (1) (1-1/4) (1-1/2) (2) (2-1/2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (8) (10) (12) (14) (16) (18) (20) (24)

*Plate flanges less than 12mm thickness may suffer unacceptable distortion after welding to pipe.

BORE OF FLANGES TO SUIT EITHER PIPE OR TUBE OD- REFER PIPE/TUBE DIMENSIONS PAGES 32/34

ANSI CLASS 150

ANSI CLASS 300

ANSI CLASS 600

ANSI CLASS 900

ANSI CLASS 1500

ANSI CLASS 2500

P R E S S U R E T E M P E R AT U R E R AT I N G S K PA