1.

Network issues for distributed system Performance latency data transfer rate Scalability Security Reliability Mobility Quality of services Multicasting

2. Peer to peer process Client to server process Where the devices share the link equally or co operative interact

3. Basic XML rules The document must have exactly one top-level element (the document element or root element). Elements must be properly nested Each element must have a start-tag and end end-tag The element-type name in a start-tag must exactly match the name in corresponding end-tag. Element-type names are case-sensitive.

4. Briefly explain the different types of attributes in XML CDATA character data ID unique id IDREF, IDREFS Id of another element NMTOKEN List of valid XML names ENTITY, ENTITIES list of entities NOTATION, XML predefine

5. State diagram for life cycle of a threading

6. Define passing remote objects When the type of parameter or result value is define as a remote interface , the corresponding argument or result is always passed as a remote object When a remote object is received , it can be used to make RMI calls on remote object

7. Connected Device Configuration (CDC) The main profiles of the CDC are: Foundation Profile uses the core CDC API with no graphical user interface (GUI) Personal Basis Profile a super-set of the Foundation Profile that also includes lightweight GUI support Personal Profile Extends the Personal Basis Profile with full AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit) and applet support. Example: network capable consumer and embedded electronic devices including smart phones, PDAs, and set-top boxes.

8. Non-Embedded and Embedded Agents for Mobile Services Non Embedded Agents for Mobile Services

MobiAgent Handheld mobile wireless device and an agent Gateway. kSACI The Simple Agent Communication Infrastructure (SACI) is a framework for creating agents that communicate using the Knowledge, Query, and Manipulation Language (KQML)

 Embedded Agents for Mobile Services MicroFIPA-OS 3APL-M LEAP MAE CougaarME 9. Draw the ADL based co design flow for SOCs

10. Define synthesis and give the various level of synthesis Synthesis and various level of synthesis: Standard definition-Forming a complex whole by combining parts i.e. automatically converting a system behavioural description into structural implementation Structural Processor, memories Registers FUs MUXs Gate Flip Flop Transistors Behavioural Sequential programs Register transfers logic equation transfer function Cell layout Modules Chips Boards Physical

1. Multicasting: Distributed system is between the pairs of processes Need a one to many communications Simultaneous transmission of message to several recipients

2. Brute force attack Brute force attack or exhaustive key search is a cryptanalytic attack Problem solving technique Systematically enumerated Method of mathematical proof

3. XML- Extensible Mark-up Language It is designed for easy use over the internet and much like HTML Compatible with SGML(standard generalized mark up language) XML with DTD or XML schema is designed to describe the data, XML tags are not predefined Describer their own data using user defined tags

4. Difference between XML and HTML HTML Display the data XML Hold and describe the data

Tags defined previously(predefined Own tags and document structure tags) Data are stored inside the HTML file Tags are not case sensitive XML can be used inside HTML Data are stored inside the separate XML file Tags are case sensitive HTML cant be used inside XML

5. Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) Analysing a problem, designing and developing of the approach of the system is based on Object oriented

Because OOAD is more appropriate than the pseudo code It is not a programming language Many OOAD process exist such as UML (Unified modelling language)

6. Distributed and client/server computing Instead of computing being performed only at a central computer, it is distributed over a network Servers store the data that may be used by client computers distributed throughout the network. Hence term client to server/computing

7. Compare the various agent platform in embedded and java

8. What are the current issues in agent design The time cost of planning Complexity of the world Quality and cost of sensing and effecting Measures of plan quality Multiple agents we also identify some design issues that tend to make a test bed more useful to prospective users: 1. A clean interface: 2. A well-defined model of time 3. Supporting experimentation 9. Draw the design flow diagram for analog/digital co design

10. Define emulators To solve the problems associated with simulations Emulator is a general physical device and which usually can be placed into the systems eventual environment. Emulators usually support designer debug tasks, like stopping execution and viewing internal values Faster than the simulation

1.Guided and unguided media in transmission line Transmission media Guided media Twisted pair Co axial cable Fiber optic 2. Denial of service: Security purpose In order to deny the access for others Preventing the Enemy interferes with the activities of authorized users service or message transmission in a network unguided media electromagnetic waves without using a physical conductor (air or for few cases water)

3.Feature of XML Easily human readable and easily processed by applications Xml can verify the document structure before using the documents content via either DTD or schema XML document is malformed then application can identify the error before producing the undesired result Universally accepted Not require a syntax range

XML is a syntax for defining data and meta-data it allows u to self describe and serialize the information

4.ASP File and ASP differ from HTML ASP- Active Sever Page same as HTML ASP is a program that runs inside IIS (Internet information services) ASP file can contain Text, HTML, XML and script When a browser request a HTML file, the server returns the file When a browser request ASP file, IIS passes the request to the ASP engine. ASP engine reads the ASP file line by line and executes the script (return to plain HTML) 5.Advantages of embedded multi threading over a single threading Problems with single threaded applications lead to poor responsiveness and lengthy process In a multi threaded application fast response, short process with more efficient due to the concurrent (multi tasking) process 6. State diagram for life cycle

7. Different types of embedded OS Windows CE (WinCE) Symbian OS Embedded Linux Tiny OS 8. eGadget and its example: An eGadget is a tangible object, it has a communication module (wired, radio or infrared). An eGadget also has a digital self, may or may not have sensors and actuators. The concept of eGadgets is to create a conceptual and technological framework that will allow ordinary people to assemble and use, with ease, a collection of network Example

9. Synthesis and various level of synthesis: Standard definition-Forming a complex whole by combining parts i.e. automatically converting a system behavioural description into structural implementation Structural Processor, memories Registers FUs MUXs Gate Flip Flop Transistors Behavioural Sequential programs Register transfers logic equation transfer function Cell layout Modules Chips Boards Physical 10. Performance of design metric

System performance measure of how long the system takes to execute our desired tasks Performance is the most widely used design metric in marketing an embedded system Latency or delay time Throughput Comparing the performance of two system

Object serialization Java provides serialize of the object such a mechanism, called object serialization. A so-called serialized object is an represented as a sequence of bytes that includes the objects data as well as information about the objects type and the type of data stored in the object. After serialized object has been written into a file, it can read from the file and de serialized that is, the type information and bytes that represent the object and its data can be used to recreate the object in memory. Creating a sequential-access file using object serialization Import java.io.serializable; Public class accountrecordserializable implements serializable { Private int account; Private string firstname; Private string lastname; Private double balance; Public accountrecordserializable() { This(0, , ,0.0); } Public accountrecordserializable(int acct, string first, string last, double bal ) { Setaccount (acct); Setfirstname(first); Setlastname(last); Setbalance(bal); } Public void set account (int acct) { account = acct; } Public int get account () { return account; } Public void set first name(string first) { first name=first; } Public string get first name() { Return firstname; } Public void setlastname(string last)

{ Lastname= last; } Public string getlastname() { return lastname; } Public void setbalance(double bal) { Balance=bal; } Public double getbalance() { Return balance; } }