Ground improvement

Other deep p compaction p methods for non-cohesive soils

Thomas Vohs, Method Development, Helsinki 2011-02-08
BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
Methods overview

Ground Improvement

Soil Compaction

Soil Mixing

Vibro Flotation (VF) ( )

Vibro Displacement (VD)

Vibro Conrete Columns (VCC)

Cutter Soil Mixing (CSM)

Single Column Mixing (SCM)

Soil Mixing Wall (SMW)

BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
By depth vibrators

Vibro Flotation - VF

Vibro Displacement - VD
BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
By depth vibrators advantages
Increase in shear strength g ( (increase of the angle g of internal friction) ) Decrease in compressibility Decrease in liquefaction potential (increase in relative density: < 70 %) Decrease in permeability The practical consequences are: Higher bearing capacity Settlement reduction Liquefaction reduction (earthquake zones)
BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
By depth vibrators advantages

overturned building due to soil liquefaction

Andreas Gtz, PLANAT und BAFU
BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
By depth vibrators advantages

1.

NO EXCAVATION is needed, so no environmental problems with the transport and disposal of spoil NO DEWATERING, so no permits are required, no problems with pipelines and discharge and no risks to neighbor structures SIMPLE FOUNDATION CONDITIONS, similar to those of natural soils with g capacity y the same bearing ADAPTABLE METHODS, different depth and diameter is possible

2.

3.

4.

5.

ENVIRONMENT COMPATIBILITY, only natural materials are used (by VF und VD)
BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
By depth vibrators advantages

Self investigating system detects level of change of strata and permits optimization of the column length.

BAUER TR 17 attached on BAUER BF 12

expected depth of bearing layer

bearing layer

original design length

BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
By depth vibrators range of application
% 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
0,001 0,01 0,1 1 10 100 60 mm

Clay

Silt

Sand

Gravel

Stone

VDD *

VD

VFD

VF

0 002 0,002

0 006 0,006

0 02 0,02

0 06 0,06

02 0,2

06 0,6

20

* undrained shear strength 20 < cu < 100 kN/m

BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
Vibro Flotation

BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
Vibro Flotation soil conditions

BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
Vibro Flotation principle

+ water + vibrator

BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
Vibro Flotation working procedure

BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
Vibro Flotation layout

The arrangement of the improvement cannot be limited with the boundary lines of the footing. The distribution of the loads in the subsoil has to be considered

BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
Vibro Flotation backfill material

suitable backfill materials: are gravel crushed stones gravel-sand-mixture 0-X mm silt contend max max. 6 8 %

BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
Vibro Flotation equipment TR 17
Eccentric moment Rotation speed Centrifugal force Amplitude at the shoulder at the tip 17 Nm 3,250 rpm = 54 Hz 193 kN 3.40 3 40 mm 6 mm 96 kW H 460 260 kW 460 l/min. Length Weight Weight Diameter 3,200 mm 1,100 kg 200 kg/m 300 mm

TR 75
75 Nm 1,900 rpm = 31 Hz 295 kN 7.50 7 50 mm 10.50 mm 224 kW HD 460 260 kW 460 l/min. 3,900 mm 2,100 kg 240 kg/m 406 mm

Jo oint

Follower pipe

R bb pad Rubber d

Power requirement

Hydraulic motor Po oker

Power pack Poker tip with Isolator

Eccentric
Center of gravity of eccentric

Wear shield

Follower pipes

BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
Vibro Flotation equipment
base machines

MC 32 TR 17
max.16 m

MC 64 TR 75
max .27 m
BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
Vibro Flotation equipment

with local available Base carrier depth vibrator TR 17 or TR 75 75, power pack HD 460 (BAUER) water tank, water pump, el. power pack (can be local)

BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
Vibro Flotation quality assurance
B-Tronic screen and control panel

BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

18

Ground Improvement
Vibro Flotation quality assurance
B-Tronic screenshot

Depth 7,40 m Quantity Vibro pressure

1,500 m 2 6 00 m 6,00 238 bar

3,000 m 1

5,000 m 0

BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

19

Ground Improvement
Vibro Flotation quality assurance
production record: column no. column length backfill volume / weight backfill material density time (start -end - total) hydraulic pressure depth / compression steps backfill materials filling process
20

BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
Vibro Flotation quality assurance
Magdeburg-Rothensee (Germany) soil conditions: sand

Blows / 10 cm

Blows / 10 cm

test with heavy dynamic penetrometer acc. DIN before (left) and after (right) Vibro Flotation BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
Vibro Flotation jobsite examples
"The Palm Jumeirah, Dubai, UAE"
"THE WORLD"

PALM " DEIRA"

PALM "JEBEL ALI"

PALM "JUMEIRAH"

BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
Vibro Flotation jobsite examples
"The Palm Jumeirah, Dubai, UAE" total area ~7 Mio. m

6,5 km

backfill rock: ~7 Mio m sand: ~90 Mio m

BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
Vibro Flotation jobsite examples
"The Palm Jumeirah, Dubai, UAE"
The Palm has a geometrical shape whereby nature and use fits together in an ideal way. With "Jumeirah" Jumeirah approx. approx 60 km new coastline has been build. build

BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
Vibro Flotation jobsite examples
"The Palm Jumeirah, Dubai, UAE"

BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
Vibro Flotation jobsite examples
"The Palm Jumeirah, Dubai, UAE"

26

BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
Vibro Flotation jobsite examples
"The Palm Jumeirah, Dubai, UAE"

production layout:

- triangular grid, spacing: - treated area: - compaction depth :

3.22 m 9m m 12-13 m

3,22m

BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
Vibro Flotation jobsite examples
"The Palm Jumeirah, Dubai, UAE"

"A" height before compaction

1.0m
"B" height after compaction BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
Vibro Flotation jobsite examples
"The Palm Jumeirah, Dubai, UAE" equipment used: 17x TR 85 units with HD 420

BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
Vibro Flotation jobsite examples
"The Palm Jumeirah, Dubai, UAE"

BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
Vibro Flotation jobsite examples
"The Palm Jumeirah, Dubai, UAE"

total compacted area using BAUER TR 85: 2,220,000 2 220 000 m2

BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
Vibro Displacement

BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
Vibro Displacement soil conditions

BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
Vibro Displacement principle
principle of vibro-displacement columns: - transfer of loads occurs primarily about the VD columns - surrounded g ground stabilizes the columns

VD column not sufficient firm soil firm soil

BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
Vibro Displacement backfill material
suitable backfill materials: gravel or crushed stone with grading of 8-32 or 16-32 mm conditionally also 4 4-32 32 mm

not t more than th 5% fi fine material (0 - 4 mm)!!

BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
Vibro Displacement working procedure

BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
Vibro Displacement equipment
Base machines RG

RG 18 S

RG 20 S

RG 25 S
BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
Vibro Displacement equipment
Base machines p VD Penetration depth
BF 12 / BG 20 H MBF 10 BG 24 H

MC 64 BL 35 BG 28 V/H BG 36 V/H

10 m

12,5 m 13 5 m 13,5

13,6 13 6m 15,6 m

16,1 m 18,1 m 24 m
BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

without mast extension with mast extension

Ground Improvement
Vibro Displacement equipment

air compressor p for flushing g air

t for f BG-, BG RGRG and d separate MC-Line mounted as counterweight - only for the BF-Line
BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Ground Improvement
Vibro Displacement equipment
operators cab

(BG 24 H BT 75)
BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen