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tactual = the actual thickness, in inches (mm), measured at the ti of time f inspection i ti for f a given i location l ti or component t trequired = the required thickness, in inches (mm), at the same location or component as the tactual measurement computed by the design formulas (e.g., pressure and structural) before corrosion allowance and manufacturers tolerance are added
tinitial - tactual
Time (years) between tinitial and tactual
The short short-term term (ST) corrosion rate of piping circuits shall be calculated from the following formula:
Corrosion Rate (ST) =
tprevious - tactual
Time (years) between tprevious and tactual
The preceding formulas may be applied in a statistical approach to assess corrosion rates and remaining life calculations for the piping system. Care must be taken to ensure that the statistical treatment of data results reflects the actual condition of the various pipe components.
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ar ai
MAWP Determination - 1
The MAWP of a piping system must be determined based on the requirements of the applicable piping code (i.e., ASME B31.3 in the case of process plant piping systems). The MAWP of the system is that of the weakest component within the system. Thus, in addition to the pipe itself itself, all other system components must be considered (e.g., flanges, valves, etc.).
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MAWP Determination - 2
Computations may be made for known materials if all the following essential details are known to comply with the principles of the applicable code:
a. Upper and/or lower temperature limits for specific materials. b Quality of materials and workmanship. b.Quality workmanship c. Inspection requirements. d.Reinforcement of openings. e. Any cyclical service requirements.
MAWP Determination - 3
If the pipe material is unknown, the MAWP calculations must be based on the lowest grade (i.e., (i e weakest) material and lowest weld joint efficiency that would be permitted by the code. When the MAWP is recalculated, the wall thickness used in these computations shall be the actual thickness as determined by y inspection p (see ( 5.6 for definition) minus twice the estimated corrosion loss before the date of the next inspection Examples 1 and 2 illustrate calculations of MAWP using the corrosion half-life concept.
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MAWP Determination - 4
Allowance shall be made for the other loadings i accordance in d with ith the th applicable li bl code. d The applicable code allowances for pressure and temperature variations from the MAWP are permitted provided all of the associated code criteria are satisfied.
Example 1:
Design Pressure: 500 psig (3104 kPa) Design Temperature: 400F (204oC) Pipe Material A 106 Gr. B Pipe Size: NPS 16 Allowable Stress: 20,000 psi (138 mPa) ( (from B31.3) g Weld Efficiency: y 1.0 ( (A 106 Gr. B is Longitudinal seamless pipe) Thickness Measured During Inspection: 0.32 in. (8.1 mm) Observed Corrosion Rate: 0.01 in./year (0.254 mm/yr) Next Planned Inspection: 5 years
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MAWP = 2SEt/D (From ASME B31.3) = 2 x 20,000 x 1 x (0.32 2 x 0.05) /16 = 550 psig (3747 kPa ) Since the MAWP > 500 (system design pressure), the system may remain in service at the design pressure without repairs, replacements, or rerating.
MAWP = 2SEt/D = (2 x 20,000 x 1 x (0.32 2 x 0.07) /16) MAWP = 450 psig i (3104 kPa) kP ) Conclusion: Must reduce inspection interval or determine that normal operating pressure will not exceed this new MAWP during the 7th year, or renew the piping before the 7th year.
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In cases where there are significant safety or economic loss consequences should a failure occur occur, it is prudent to increase the minimum required thickness above the calculated value.
This additional allowance is meant to account for unanticipated or unknown loads, undiscovered metal loss, tolerance in the thickness measurements, and resistance to normal abuse.
In all cases, the normal code design formulas and allowable stresses must be used.
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The size of an unequal leg fillet weld is the leg length of the largest inscribed isosceles right triangle (Theoretical Throat = 0.707 x Size)
The size of an unequal leg fillet weld is the leg length of the largest inscribed isosceles right triangle (Theoretical Throat = 0.707 x Size)
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