English BASICS

Dr. T.K. Jain.

AFTERSCHOOOL
M: 9414430763
tkjainbkn@yahoo.co.in
www.afterschool.tk
www.afterschoool.tk
www.afterschoool.tk
 What is noun,
pronoun,adjective, verb,
adverb?
• Noun is for name
• Pronoun is used instead of noun – like he,
she etc.
• Adejective is a quality describe a noun
• Verb is any activity
• Adverb is any thing which is about verb or
adjective.

www.afterschoool.tk
 Can you mention a few
nouns?
• Name of person: proper noun – Kamal
• Abstract Noun: Happiness,
• Common noun: boy, girl etc.
• Other propoer nouns: India, Bikaner
etc.

www.afterschoool.tk
 Can you mention some
singular & plural noun –
which take awkward forms?
• Index – indices,
• Child - children

www.afterschoool.tk
What is the rule when word
is ending in Y or fe – for
making plural?
• We remove these and put ies or ves.

www.afterschoool.tk
 Normally, what do you do
when word ends in O – to
make plural?
• Add es.
• Example:
• tomato tomatoes
• potato potatoes
• hero heroes

www.afterschoool.tk
Are there any words, which
are always plural only?
• People, (meaning will change, if you use peoples).
• Police (although it doesn’t have s, yet it is plural)
• Trousers
• glasses
• shorts spectacles
• jeans goggles
• pants scissors
• tights binoculars
• pajamas pliers

www.afterschoool.tk
Are there any nouns, which
have same form in singular
and plural?
• sheep sheep (not sheeps)
• deer deer (not deers)
• fish fish (not fishes)
• aircraft aircraft (not aircrafts)
• salmon salmon (not salmons)

www.afterschoool.tk
 Can you mention a few
collective nouns?
• Class,
• Team
• Committee
• Crowd
• Jury
• Army
• Assembly

www.afterschoool.tk
 Can you mention a noun
which is sometimes singular
and sometimes plural?
• Jury is unanimous
• Jury are divided on this matter.
• Committee has agreed on this
matter.
• Committee have different opinion.

www.afterschoool.tk
 Can you mention a noun,
which will not take S for
apostrophe?
• All the nouns which end in s or es,
don’t take S as apostrophe, they take
only ‘
• Plural nouns also don’t take s, they
take only ‘.
• Boys’ hostel.

www.afterschoool.tk
 Can you mention a few
specialised collective nouns?
• a herd of cattle a pack of wolves a litter of puppies
• a flock of birds a pride of lions a troop of monkeys
• a drove of sheep a pod of dolphins a brood of chickens
• a gaggle of geese a school of fish a swarm of bees
• a bunch of bananas a deck of cards
• a cluster of grapes a flight of steps
• a bunch of flowers a suite of rooms
• a bouquet of flowers a suite of furniture
• a range of mountains a set of tools
• a fleet of ships a string of beads
• a fleet of vehicles a grove of trees

www.afterschoool.tk
 Can you mention a plural
noun which takes singular
verb?
• Collective nouns which denote
singularity – take singular noun – for
example:
• My team is unanimous on this matter.

www.afterschoool.tk
 How will you correct?
• 1. The jury (were/was) arguing about the importance of
evidence.
• 2. A whole company of soldiers (is/are) marching in the
parade.
• 3. A gaggle of geese (is/are) running every which way in the
barnyard.
• 4. Those people (live/lives) in India.
• 5. The police (has/have) arrested the suspect.
• 6. That troupe of actors always (stay/stays) at the Grand
Hotel.
• 7. The committee (is/are) handing in their ballots.
• 8. Our school band (play/plays) many lively marches.
• 9. A big colony of ants (lives/live) under the front porch.
• 10. The government (are/is) entitled to collect taxes.

www.afterschoool.tk
 Can you mention a few
interrogative pronouns?
• Who, which, why, where, how, when,
how much, whom

www.afterschoool.tk
How will you correct: this is
the boy, whom was dancing
• Replace whom by who – as here the
boy is a subject.
• Whom is used for object not for
subject.
• Subject is that which is doer
• Object is that which is not doer – but
on whom something is done.

www.afterschoool.tk
 Whom came to the party
last night?

• It should be WHO, not WHOM.

• It is about subject.

www.afterschoool.tk
Can you mention a sentence,
where who and whom both
can be used?
• Who is Ram talking to?
• Whom is Ram talking to?

www.afterschoool.tk
 If there are two or more
adjectives, which will come
first?
• The order is : size, quality, color,
origin, substance.
• For example: Red Cotton Shirt
• Red is adj. of colour, cotton is adj of
substance and shirt is noun.

www.afterschoool.tk
 Continues…
• Adjectives of quality sometimes come before
adjectives of size.
• beautiful long hair elegant short hair
• But adjectives of size always come before
adjectives of color. For example:
• beautiful long black hair
• elegant short red hair
• If you use any adjective of substance, it comes
after the color adjective.
• a beautiful long black silk dress

www.afterschoool.tk
 Which pronoun comes
first – I or you?
• You, as You are I will do it.
• But if it is a matter of shame, or
guilt or punishment, I will come first.
• Police will capture me, and may be to
you also.

www.afterschoool.tk
 Idnetify adjectives and
nouns,adverb?
• 1. She’s always making careless mistakes.
• 2. It was a very painful injury.
• 3. Witches and wizards have magical powers.
• 4. These oranges are very juicy.
• 5. Dogs are usually more energetic than cats.
• 6. Our neighbors are not very friendly.
• 7. She keeps her toys in a large wooden box.
• 8. Take off your muddy shoes before you come in.
• 9. May I borrow your pencil sharpener? Mine is
useless.
• 10. What a beautiful dress!

www.afterschoool.tk
Can you mention adjective
phrase – where they come?
• Adjectives come before nouns, but
adjective phrases come after nouns.
• Example:
• She is the girl with first rank.
• He is the boy from green house.

www.afterschoool.tk
 Identify errors in the
following sentences?
• He is the most unique person.
• Unique is a superlative – it cant take
superlative – most.
• He is the most fastest runner.
• Fastest is superlative, it cant take another
superlative most.
• Punjab is best place to live.
• Punjay and best – both will take article
the. Superlatives always take article the.

www.afterschoool.tk
 Fill in the blank: She’s the __(good) player in
the whole school. She is_(fast) and_ (strong)
than all the boys, even the
boys who are_(old) and_ (big) than her. That’s
why
Paul likes her. Paul thinks all games are
exciting, but football is the_
(exciting) game and it’s _(noisy) than all the
other games he plays with
his friends. When the grass is wet, everyone
gets dirty when they play football. But Sally
gets-(dirty) and_ (wet) than everyone else.

www.afterschoool.tk
Can you mention a few nouns
which don’t take any
article?
• School, college, church, hospital,
home, etc. Where we are going for
usual work.
• I am going to the school –
• It is wrong – if I am going to study.

www.afterschoool.tk
Can you mention a few nouns
which don’t take any
article?
• Names of commodities, metal names
of sports, names of countries
generally don’t take any article.
• I want to buy the gold.
• But – it is right to say: I want to buy
the gold from Africa.

www.afterschoool.tk
 Can you mention some
words, starting with vowels,
but taking article a not an?
• Vowels are : A,E,I,O,U, - they take an
• Is there a university in your town?
• Does every child in the school wear a uniform?
• We are taking a European vacation this summer.
Similarly, Some words begin with a silent h. Use an
with nouns that begin with a silent h:
• We’ve been waiting here for an hour.
Remember the golden rule, follow he pronunciation –
identify the pronunciation – if it is starting with
Hindi swars – then you have to use an.

www.afterschoool.tk
What is transitive verb?
• Verb that will always take an object is
called a transitive verb.
• John likes apples. Sam knows the answer
to the question.
• My sister cooks all our meals. My brother
rides his bike in the street.
• Dad buys tea at the market. Mom writes
stories in her spare time.

www.afterschoool.tk
 What are intransitive
verbs?
• The verbs, which may or may not take an
object – is intransitive – when it doesn’t
require object.
• Eagles fly high in the sky.
• The boys play in the yard on weekends. My
mom runs in the park for fun.
• We walk on the beach every evening.

www.afterschoool.tk
 How will you correct it: he
go to the school daily at
7.30 o’clock.
• It will take goes – not go (subject is
singular)
• School doesn’t require article the.
• 7.30 cant take o’clock – as o’clock can
be used only with complete time – like
7,8,9, etc. here we should use 7.30
AM.

www.afterschoool.tk
www.afterschoool.tk
 Thanks
Afterschoool conducts three year integrated PGPSE
(after class 12 along with CA & CS) and 18 month
PGPSE (Post Graduate Programme in Social
Entrepreneurship) along with preparation for CS /
CFP / CFA /CMA / FRM. This course is also available
online also. It also conducts workshops on social
entrepreneurship in schools and colleges all over
India – start social entrepreneurship club in your
institution today with the help from afterschoool and
help us in developing society.

www.afterschoool.tk
 www.afterschoool.tk
social entrepreneurship for
better society

www.afterschoool.tk