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English Test 26

Directions for Questions from 1 to 4:

Upstream & Downstream Arguments:

In the following questions a passage is given with four statements following it. Read the passage and on the basis of the information available
decide if:

a. If the argument is an upstream argument

b. If the argument is a downstream argument
c. If the argument is a lateral argument
d. If the argument is irrelevant to the passage.

Then from the answer choices choose the option where the statements have been labeled correctly.

Example of upstream, downstream and lateral arguments.

Passage: Ram was keen to get admission into the IIM’s - the top notch management institutions in India.

Upstream Argument: If the passage is a direct conclusion or inference that can be drawn from the statement, the statement is an upstream
argument
E.g. Ram studied very hard for the entrance exam for the IIMs and even joined the best coaching class for the entrance exam.
One gets to know why Ram studied very hard from the passage. Therefore in case of an upstream argument the passage logically follows the
question statement

Downstream Argument: If the statement is a direct conclusion or inference that can be drawn from the passage then the argument is a
downstream argument.
E.g. Getting admission into an IIM would be positive for Ram’s Career.
This would clearly be a downstream argument. Here, the statement happens to logically follow the passage.

Lateral Argument: If the statement supports the passage but is neither upstream nor downstream, then it is a lateral argument
E.g. The IIMs hold an entrance exam called CAT.
Here the statement adds to the passage and supports it. However, it is neither an inference nor a conclusion. Such an argument is called a
Lateral Argument. Also, a lateral argument is not related to the central idea of the passage but is not completely irrelevant to the topic of
discussion.

1. The interview is an essential part of a successful hiring program because, with it, job applicants who
have personalities that are unsuited to the requirements of the job will be eliminated from consideration.
i. Apart from relevant qualification and experience, a candidate who is hired for a job should ideally
have a personality that matches the demands of the job for him or her to perform effectively.
ii. In a recent case where a senior executive in a Fortune 500 company was hired and fired within a
short span of time it was found that the executive had been hired without having undergone a
formal interview.
iii. Different jobs call for different personalities – the aggressive go-getter, the pensive deliberator, the
quick thinking decision-maker and so on.
iv. These days many companies are outsourcing the recruitment of their personnel to professional
hiring agencies who are experienced in modern recruitment practices.
 

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j bacd
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j acbd
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j abcd
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2. A recent spate of launching and operating mishaps with television satellites led to a corresponding
surge in claims against companies underwriting satellite insurance.
i. Most television satellites are produced in such small numbers and operate under such unpredictable circumstances that they are necessarily
heavily insured.
ii. The manufacturers of satellite television operate in an oligopolistic market framework.
iii. Insurance premiums shot up, making satellites more expensive to launch and operate, in turn,
adding to the pressure to squeeze more performance out of currently operating satellites.
iv. The use of satellites in television broadcasting has gained importance as viewers have become used to real-time exposure to events happening
around the globe.
 

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j cabd
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j cdba
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j adbc
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j dcab
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i Skip this question
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3. When widespread tax evasion forces the government to raise income tax rates, causing the tax burden on non-evading taxpayers to become
heavier, this encourages even more taxpayers to evade income taxes by hiding taxable income.
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i. The government does not face this peculiar problem when it comes to collection of corporate taxes,
duties and levies.
ii. It is important for the government to realize its income tax collection targets to meet its revenue
 3. When widespread tax evasion forces the government to raise income tax rates, causing the tax burden on non-evading taxpayers to become
heavier, this encourages even more taxpayers to evade income taxes by hiding taxable income.
i. The government does not face this peculiar problem when it comes to collection of corporate taxes,
duties and levies.
ii. It is important for the government to realize its income tax collection targets to meet its revenue
goals in a fiscal year.
iii. Usually, when the government establishes income tax rates in order to generate a certain level of
revenue, it does not allow adequately for revenues that will be lost through evasion.
iv. When people evade income taxes by not declaring taxable income, a vicious cycle results.
 

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4. It is unlikely for an individual starting a new company to be skilled in the diverse business areas the
  company needs to excel in.  
i. It is important for a new company to simultaneously pursue successful strategies in different business areas, viz. marketing, technology and
management
ii. Companies founded by groups are more likely to succeed than companies founded by individuals.
iii. Recent statistics on start-up ventures floated over the last two years show that more ventures have
failed in the technology space than in any other area.
iv. New companies are more likely to succeed when their founders are from diverse backgrounds and can provide adequate skills in marketing,
management and technical abilities.
 

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j bcda
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j adcb
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Directions for Questions from 5 to 10:

Fill up the blanks, numbered [1], [2],[3], [4], [5]. [6] in the passage below with the most appropriate word from the options given for each blank.

"Between the year 1946 and the year 1955, I did not file any income tax returns." With that [1] statement, Ramesh embarked on an account of his
encounter with the Income Tax Department. "I originally owed Rs 20,000 in unpaid taxes. With [2] and [3], the 20,000 became 60,000. The Income
Tax Department then went into action, and I learned first hand just how much power the Tax Department wields. Royalties and trust funds can be
[4]; automobiles may be [5], and auctioned off. Nothing belongs to the [6] until the case is settled."

5. Pick one of the following for blank [1]

j devious
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j blunt
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j tactful
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j pretentious
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j None of these
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i Skip this question
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6. Pick one of the following for blank [2]

j interest
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j taxes
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j principal
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j returns
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j None of these
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i Skip this question
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7. Pick one of the following for blank [3]

j sanctions
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j refunds
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j fees
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j fines
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j None of these
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i Skip this question
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8. Pick one of the following for blank [4]

 j None of these
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i Skip this question
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8. Pick one of the following for blank [4]

j Closed
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j detached
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j attached
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j impounded
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j None of these
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9. Pick one of the following for blank [5]

j smashed
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j Seized
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j dismantled
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j frozen
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j None of these
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i Skip this question
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10. Pick one of the following for blank [6]

j purchaser
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j Victim
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j investor
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j offender
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j None of these
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i Skip this question
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