MULTI-WING AMERICA, INC.

ISO 9001-2000

A Crowley Company

GENERAL ENGINEERING GUIDE.

The Multi-Wing System.
Interchangeable components Application versatility Choice of blade designs Five corrosion-resistant blade materials Tailored for the application

More Information:
Multi-Wing Specifications Performance Factors Variable Factors Application Assistance Fan Selection Guide Multi-Wing Home

P.O. Box 425 15030 Berkshire Industrial Parkway Burton, Ohio 44021 Toll Free: 800-311-8465 Phone: 440-834-9400 Fax: 440-834-0449 Web Site: www.mw-america.com E-Mail: applications@mw-america.com

MULTI-WING AMERICA, INC.

ISO 9001-2000

A Crowley Company

PERFORMANCE ENGINEERED MULTI-WING FANS.

The Multi-Wing 8 Series System Design Matrix

The Multi-Wing system uses standard, interchangeable components which can be custom modified to specific requirements. Component standardization means fast deliveries and no minimum order quantities or set-up charges. Multi-Wing Fans feature cast aluminum hubs and a variety of high performance blade designs molded in engineered thermoplastics or die cast aluminum. This gives them both low weight and high strength, enabling them to be used successfully in thousands of air-moving applications worldwide, ranging from engine cooling to ventilation. Versatilitycan be used in all types of environments from HVAC to engine cooling + Severe duty applications + High vibration applications Blade designs to meet your performance demands + High efficiency airfoil profile blades + Low speed broad paddle blades + Poor inlet resistant increasing arc profile blades Blade materials to meet your application requirements + Glass reinforced polypropylene + Glass reinforced nylon + Electro anti-static nylon + Super Tuff nylon + Die cast aluminum Configured to meet your specific requirements + Any diameter from 7 to 78 inches + Fans with 2 to 16 blades + Standard and special mounting + Special coatings for corrosion resistance + Thermoplastic hubs available

The Multi-Wing System Design Matrix

8D Series Fan 8M Series Fan Fan Series

Blade Profile Blades Diameter Angles

8W Series Fan 8X Series Fan

H Series Fan

Z Series Fan

W Series Fan

8D
twisted paddle 2 or 4 12"-26" fixed pitch 25-40 HVAC

8M
twisted paddle 4 10"-20" one piece molded 30-40 HVAC

8W
broad blade 3-5 24"-48" adjustable pitch 15-45 HVAC

8X
twisted paddle 3-5 36"-68" adjustable pitch 20-45 HVAC

6Z Series Fan Fan Series

Blade Profile Blades Diameter Angles

Aluminum H & Z Series Fans Z

twisted airfoil 3-16 16"-49" adjustable pitch 20-50 industrial HVAC

All-Plast Series Fan Aluminum

twisted airfoil 2-16 7"-60" adjustable or fixed pitch 20-50 industrial HVAC

H
twisted airfoil 2-14 7"-29" fixed pitch 25-45 industrial HVAC

W
twisted airfoil 3-10 36"-78" adjustable pitch 25-50 industrial HVAC

6Z
increasing arc 3-16 24"-49" adjustable pitch 20-35 off highway

All-Plast
twisted airfoil 2-8 7"-30" adjustable or fixed pitch 20-45 cooling ventilation

Application

Design Features Include:

System of interchangeable components + Customized fans: number of blades, pitch angles, diameters and blade materials + Off-the-shelf prices

Application

Performance Factors Variable Factors Application Assistance Fan Selection Guide Multi-Wing Home

P.O. Box 425 15030 Berkshire Industrial Parkway Burton, Ohio 44021 Toll Free: 800-311-8465 Phone: 440-834-9400 Fax: 440-834-0449 Web Site: www.mw-america.com E-Mail: applications@mw-america.com

MULTI-WING AMERICA, INC.

ISO 9001-2000

A Crowley Company
Multi-Wing Specifications Variable Factors Application Assistance Fan Selection Guide Multi-Wing Home

PERFORMANCE FACTORS.
Comparative Performance for Various Inlet Conditions Recommended Mounting for Inlet Conditions.
In general, the best operating results are obtained when the incoming air flow has a smooth entry to the fan. This is best achieved by mounting the fan in a bell mouth opening (see figs. 1 and 2). The bell mouth opening reduces the turbulence associated with moving air, increasing fan efficiency and reducing noise. The optimum bell radius is r/d = .12, where r is the radius of the bell and d is the fan diameter. In applications where this ratio may be impractical, an r/d range of .07 to .12 is recommended. Many applications utilize a sharp-edge orifice, such as a hole in flat sheet metal. While this is not the most efficient method, it can work satisfactorily if the fan is positioned within the orifice and a 2.5 percent or less tip clearance is maintained (see fig. 3).

Tip Clearance.
In all applications the fan will perform at its highest efficiency when the tip clearance is 1 percent of the fan diameter. In those cases where this may not be practical, a range of 1 to 2.5 percent tip clearance is recommended. Fan performance significantly decreases as tip clearances exceed 2.5 percent.

Optimal Shroud Placement.

AIR FLOW

FIG.1

Deep Bell Mouth

Entire blade is covered by flat area of the venturi.
FIG.2

Pressure

Bell Mouth Flat Plate

Volume

Influence of Tip Clearance on Performance

0.5% 1.0% 2.0% 3.0% Pressure

AIR If it is not possible to cover the FLOW entire blade with the flat portion of the venturi, then the leading edge and as much of the fan as possible should be covered. Make sure the leading edge does not extend into the bell portion of the venturi. AIR FLOW

Shallow Bell Mouth

FIG.3

Sharp Edge Orifice

The leading edge and two-thirds of the fan should protrude on the air intake side of the opening.

FIG.4

30 Inlet
The leading edge and two-thirds of the fan should protrude on the air intake side of the opening.

AIR FLOW

Volume

30

P.O. Box 425 15030 Berkshire Industrial Parkway Burton, Ohio 44021 Toll Free: 800-311-8465 Phone: 440-834-9400 Fax: 440-834-0449 Web Site: www.mw-america.com E-Mail: applications@mw-america.com

MULTI-WING AMERICA, INC.

ISO 9001-2000

A Crowley Company

VARIABLE FACTORS.
Standard Correction Factor Table
Altitude Pressure (Hg) Temp. F -40 0 40 70 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 250 300 350 400 0' 500' 1000' 28.86 .82 .90 .98 1.04 1.06 1.10 1.13 1.17 1.21 1.25 1.29 1.39 1.49 1.58 1.68 1500' 28.33 .84 .92 1.00 1.06 1.08 1.12 1.16 1.20 1.24 1.28 1.32 1.41 1.51 1.61 1.71 2000' 27.82 .85 .93 1.01 1.08 1.10 1.14 1.18 1.22 1.26 1.30 1.34 1.44 1.54 1.64 1.75 2500' 27.31 .87 .95 1.03 1.10 1.12 1.16 1.20 1.24 1.28 1.32 1.36 1.47 1.57 1.67 1.78 3000' 26.82 .88 .97 1.05 1.12 1.14 1.18 1.22 1.26 1.31 1.35 1.39 1.49 1.60 1.70 1.81 3500' 26.32 .90 .99 1.07 1.14 1.16 1.20 1.24 1.29 1.33 1.37 1.42 1.52 1.63 1.74 1.84 4000' 4500' 5000' 25.84 25.36 24.90 .92 1.00 1.09 1.16 1.18 1.22 1.27 1.31 1.35 1.40 1.44 1.55 1.66 1.77 1.88 .93 1.02 1.11 1.18 1.20 1.25 1.29 1.34 1.38 1.42 1.47 1.58 1.69 1.80 1.91 .95 1.04 1.13 1.20 1.22 1.27 1.31 1.36 1.41 1.45 1.50 1.61 1.72 1.84 1.95 29.92 29.38 .79 .87 .94 1.00 1.02 1.06 1.09 1.13 1.17 1.21 1.25 1.34 1.43 1.53 1.62 .81 .88 .96 1.02 1.04 1.08 1.11 1.15 1.19 1.23 1.27 1.36 1.46 1.56 1.65

A fan blade is a constant volume machine, which means that a fan can move a volume of air at sea level and the same volume at 5000 feet above sea level. The difference is that the fan can move the air volume at a higher pressure level operating at sea level than it can at 5000 feet above sea level. This is due to the density of the air at the operating conditions. In addition, the power required to operate the fan will vary due to air density. Therefore, when working with fan curves at standard operating conditions (70 F and sea level), it is important to correct your actual conditions back to standard in order to be sure you are making the proper selection.

working with curves where the performance is measured at standard operating condition (70 F and sea level) Factor calculation 0.50 x 1.50 (factor from table) = 0.75 inWG Ps The fan will have to produce 10000 cfm at 0.75 inWG Ps at standard operating conditions in order to provide the required performance at the actual operating conditions.

and 200O F. Caution should be exercised when using this formula, fans sized for extreme summer conditions may cause motors to overload at extreme winter conditions. The fan motor should be sized for the highest density factor in which the fan may operate.

Air Flow Testing.

Air flow measurements for Multi-Wing Fans are conducted in our wind tunnel. The fans are tested in accordance with AMCA Standard 210 Figure 12, outlet chamber method multiple nozzles in the chamber. The fans are tested in a bell mouth venturi with a total tip clearance of 1% of the fan diameter.

Power Calculations
To determine the power required to operate the fan at condition other than standard, divide the power required at standard conditions, by the factor for temperature and elevation at your actual conditions. Example: 5.0 (Power from curves) / 1.50 (factor from table) = 3.33 hp required to operate the fan at 5000 ft

Altitude & Temperature Calculations

Example: Required performance 10000 cfm 0.50 inWG static pressure 5000 feet elevation 200 degrees F. You are

Blade Material Specifications.

Blade Material Glass Reinforced Polypropylene Glass Reinforced Nylon Super Tuff Nylon Electro Anti-Static Nylon Die Cast Aluminum Symbol PPG PAG PAGST PAGAS AL Temperature Range -40 F to +185 F -50 F to +250 F -50 F to +250 F -40 F to +250 F -60 F to +300 F Application Duty Standard Duty Heavy Duty, Engine Driven Extreme Vibration Hazardous Conditions Temperature Extremes

All materials are corrosion resistant and spark proof on impact. PAGAS blades are suitable for underground mining, oil and gas platforms, chemical processing plants, or any application where there is potential for explosion. For severe duty corrosive applications, pressure die cast aluminum hubs and plastic hubs can be supplied with protective coatings and stainless steel fasteners.

Multi-Wing Specifications Performance Factors Application Assistance Fan Selection Guide Multi-Wing Home

P.O. Box 425 15030 Berkshire Industrial Parkway Burton, Ohio 44021 Toll Free: 800-311-8465 Phone: 440-834-9400 Fax: 440-834-0449 Web Site: www.mw-america.com E-Mail: applications@mw-america.com

MULTI-WING AMERICA, INC.

ISO 9001-2000

A Crowley Company
Multi-Wing Specifications Performance Factors Variable Factors Fan Selection Guide Multi-Wing Home
Fan Tip Speed Dia. (inches) x x RPM/720 = Feet Per Second Horsepower HP = Watts/745.7

APPLICATION ASSISTANCE.
Our technical specialists evaluate and adjust performance parameters like airflow, static pressure, diameter, fan speed, power input and temperature and elevation for each application. By doing this, they are able to bring you the best fan efficiency and performance range for your requirements. Our specialists also check inlet conditions, tip clearance, sound levels and fan diameter and build in safety factors for airflow and static pressure to handle less than ideal conditions. All these steps are taken to give you the best solution for your air-moving requirements. Performance Optimizer Software Auto CAD drawing system

Responsive Customer Service.

Short production lead time Emergency production Competitive pricing No minimum order quantity No production set-up charges Reliable JIT and KanBan performance

The information gathered is then entered into the Multi-Wing Performance Optimizer software package that helps select the best fan for a given application. Some of the more common fan noise problems are: Air turbulence High velocity air blowing over fixed components which are not part of the fan Fan wheel unbalance Resonance of fan or attached components Rotating components rubbing on stationary parts Operation in stall Belt slippage Air leakage which generates a whistle-type noise Failing, misaligned or contaminated bearings on the fan or on the motor Coupling misalignment Motor noise, especially with improper power supply Loose components

Helpful Fan Tips.

Fan LawsSpeed Change
1. Volume varies directly with fan speed. CFM2 = CFM1 x (RPM2/RPM1) 2. Pressure varies with the square of the fan speed. Ps2 = Ps1 x (RPM2/RPM1)2 3. Horsepower varies with the cube of the fan speed. HP2 = HP1 x (RPM2/RPM1)3

3. An impeller operating at 1750 RPM powered by 1.92 HP will operate at 1140 RPM powered by .53 HP. .53 = 1.92 x (1140/1750)3

Details Are Yours for the Asking.

Because of all our attention to specific details, its easy to see why Multi-Wing Fans are successfully solving air-moving problems in over 25 countries around the world. Theyre known and respected in a wide variety of market applications for high performance and trouble-free service. Contact us for further details on any of our quality air-moving solutions.

Useful Fan Formulas

Axial Thrust Fa = x 5.193 x TP x D2 / 4 Fa = Net Axial Force in Lbs. TP = Fan Total Pressure D = Fan Diameter in Feet Total Pressure Static Pressure (SP) + Velocity Pressure (VP) Velocity V = CFM / Area (in Square Feet) Velocity Pressure VP = (V/4005)2 Total Efficiency TE = CFM x TP/BHP x 6356

Full Load Torque 63030 x BHP/RPM = Inch Lbs. of Torque

Thousands of Successful Worldwide Applications:

Air & Gas Compressors Air ConditionersIndustrial & Commercial Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers Cooling Towers RefrigerationIndustrial & Commercial Ventilation Air-Cooled Condensers Locomotive Cooling Railroad Air Conditioners RefrigerationTruck & Sea Containers Generator Sets Engine Cooling

Exceeding Your Expectations.

Committed to the quality standards of ISO 9001-2000 New CNC machining centers State of the art balancing machines (ISO grade G6.3 is our standard)

Examples:
1. An impeller delivering a volume of 6932 CFM at 1750 RPM will deliver 4516 CFM at 1140 RPM. 4516 = 6932 x (1140/1750) 2. An impeller capable of delivering .25 inches WG static pressure at 1750 RPM will develop .11 inches WG static pressure at 1140 RPM. .11 = .25 x (1140/1750)2

Technical Support from Experienced Sales Engineers.

Evaluation of the application provides you with the best solution for your air moving requirements System design advice

Sound Advice.
Sound information is developed in the Multi-Wing laboratories for every model of every fan we make using standard testing and measuring procedures.

P.O. Box 425 15030 Berkshire Industrial Parkway Burton, Ohio 44021 Toll Free: 800-311-8465 Phone: 440-834-9400 Fax: 440-834-0449 Web Site: www.mw-america.com E-Mail: applications@mw-america.com

MULTI-WING AMERICA, INC.

ISO 9001-2000

A Crowley Company

FAN SELECTION: THE KEY TO COOLING PERFORMANCE.

Selecting the right fan for your cooling application can improve system efficiency and result in quieter performance. You can gain these benefits by considering a few design variables that will help you optimize the fan blade selection process. testing has also determined the amount of static pressure for a coil or fill media.

Fan Diameter
The fan diameter is a variable, but is normally determined by design constraints. Coil dimensions, availability of venturi orifices and package size limits all affect the size of the fan. However, the designer should always try to maximize the fan diameter for the application in order to provide maximum coil coverage and to reduce system static pressure.

How Much Air Do You Need?

Airflow is the first design consideration. Whether the application is a cooling tower or an air-cooled condenser, airflow is required to remove heat from the process. The amount of airflow required is determined by the rate of air velocity (measured in feet per minute) required through the condenser coils or cooling tower fill media in order to produce the desired latent heat transfer.

fan engineer will need to be aware of in order to make the best recommendation for the cooling application. Typically, coil and fan test data are converted to what is called standard air conditions (70 F @ sea level). This gives a common starting point for calculating performance variance from "standard condition." For example, a fan has the following performance capabilities at "standard conditions." Table 1 provides a comparison of fan operation in standard vs. actual conditions.

As you can see, the fan's ability to generate pressure is reduced by the lower air density caused by the increased temperature and elevation. The example illustrates conditions that an air-cooled condenser application might be exposed to on a hot summer day in Denver, Colorado. With the knowledge of temperature and elevation, the fan application engineer can eliminate fans that would perform well at standard conditions but would become marginal selections at the actual operating conditions.

environment. Table 2 shows available blade materials and their suitable operating environments.

Optimum Inlet Geometry and Fan Tip Clearance

The fan inlet geometry and tip clearance also affect fan performance. Most fan blade manufacturers test their products to provide the maximum performance and efficiency. This performance is achieved using aerodynamically superior bell mouth inlets and tight fan tip clearances. The fan application engineer will need to know the application inlet conditions so that safety margins, if required, can be added to the design parameters in order to compensate for the difference between actual and test conditions (Figure 1).

Operating Speed and Available Power

Like the fan diameter, speed and power are determined by design constraints, or influenced by industry tradition. The fan application engineer will need to know the designers desired operating speed and available horsepower in order to meet the designer's expectations.

Table 1. Effects of Operating Conditions on Fan Performance

Standard Conditions: 70 @ sea level 10,000 cfm at .50 inWG Ps requiring 1.5 HP Actual Conditions: 120 @ 5,000 ft. 10,000 cfm at .38 inWG Ps requiring 1.14 HP

Actual Operating Environment

While the operating environment will have little effect on the airflow performance, it has great effect on the life of the fan. For example, coastal cooler applications are exposed to salt spray, and chemical process coolers are exposed to chemical corrosives. With knowledge of the operating environment, the fan engineer can make the material or coating recommendation that will provide the best solution to the operating

Multi-Wing Specifications Performance Factors Variable Factors Application Assistance Multi-Wing Home

Static Pressure
Static pressure in the simplest terms is a measure of the amount of resistance the fan must overcome to deliver X amount of air velocity across the coils or through a fill media. Static pressure (Ps) is measured in inches of water. The manufacturer through

Figure 1. Building safety factors into design parameters avoids system underperformance.

Ambient Operating Temperature and Elevation

Ambient operating temperature and elevation are two parameters that the

NEXT

P.O. Box 425 15030 Berkshire Industrial Parkway Burton, Ohio 44021 Toll Free: 800-311-8465 Phone: 440-834-9400 Fax: 440-834-0449 Web Site: www.mw-america.com E-Mail: applications@mw-america.com

MULTI-WING AMERICA, INC.

ISO 9001-2000

A Crowley Company

FAN SELECTION: Continued

Figure 1. Testing Helps Predict Performance
concern about noise, the question becomes, how do you minimize it? The best way to minimize fan noise is to produce the most aerodynamically efficient operating conditions as is possible. This is achieved by selecting a fan blade that will operate within its maximum operating efficiency range. An aerodynamically efficient airfoil design like the Multi-Wing Z profile, creates less turbulence as energy is transferred to the air. The fan blade diameter should also be the largest possible for the physical limits of the application. The maximum possible diameter will reduce air velocity across the fan blade. To reduce tip-speed-generated noise, the fan should also operate at the lowest speed at which application parameters can be met.

Figure 2. An Ideal Solution?

When working with an application engineer, make sure you utilize a selection method based on providing an efficient working performance range that builds in safety factors for both airflow and static pressure when conditions are less than ideal. Using the selection technique, system inefficiencies, both known and unknown, that will affect fan performance are compensated for, reducing the potential for an under-performing recommendation.

The Fan Blade Selection Process

Armed with the information provided by the customer, the fan application engineer, with the help of sophisticated computer software, reviews all possible combinations in order to provide a selection which produces the maximum performance range (Figure 2).

Figure 1. Building safety factors into design parameters avoids system underperformance.

Figure 2. Although this may appear to be the perfect solution, it will only work if all operating conditions in your application are ideal.

Minimizing Fan Noise

Noise is always a concern when it comes to applications in which air movement is required. With all the

H Series Z Series W Series 8 Type

Table 2. Suitable Blade Materials for a Variety of Applications.

Blade Material Fiberglass-Reinforced Polypropylene Fiberglass-Reinforced Nylon Super Tuff Nylon Fiberglass-Reinforced Nylon-Electro Anti-Static Die Cast Aluminum Symbol PPG PAG PAGST PAGAS AL Temperature Range -40 F to +185 F -50 F to +250 F -50 F to +250 F -40 F to +250 F -60 F to +300 F Application* Corrosive: salt spray; light acid Corrosive: acid; light salt Extreme Vibration Explosive proof Wide temperature variations

Multi-Wing Specifications Performance Factors Variable Factors Application Assistance Multi-Wing Home

* Always consult manufacturer to assure material performance.

P.O. Box 425 15030 Berkshire Industrial Parkway Burton, Ohio 44021 Toll Free: 800-311-8465 Phone: 440-834-9400 Fax: 440-834-0449 Web Site: www.mw-america.com E-Mail: applications@mw-america.com