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8.2

Describe what happens to currentcarrying conductor in a magnetic field

When the switch is on, the current flows through short copper wire produced magnetic field. The interaction between the magnetic field produced by the current and magnetic field of the permanent magnet occurred. The interaction between the two magnetic fields produces a force on the conductor. The short copper wire moves to the left. The method of determine the direction of the force by using Flemings Left-Hand Rule.

What is Flemings Left Hand Rule

If the forefinger, second finger and the thumb of the left hand are extended at right angles to each other, with the forefinger in the direction of the magnetic field, the second finger in the direction of the current, then the thumb will point the direction of the force, F or motion.

Activity 1 Aim To investigate the force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field.

1. Switch on the current and observe what happens to the short copper wire. 2. Reverse the connections of the voltage supply. Observe what happens to the copper wire. 3. Reverse the magnetic field and repeat step 2 and 3. 4. Align the magnetic field so that it is parallel with in the short copper wire.

Procedure

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Indicated the flow of current using arrows. Show the direction of magnetic field and indicate the direction where the short copper wire will move. Prove the direction of the force using the Flemings left-hand rule.

Observation

step 1 Step 4

step 2

step 3

The direction of magnetic field is parallel to the direction of current. What can you observe the movement of the short copper wire when the power supply is switched on? _____________________________________________

1. Is there a magnetic field in the region around the short copper wire before the current is switched on? ___________________________________________________________________ 2. What are the magnetic fields in the region around the copper wire when the current is switched on?

Discussion

3. Based on your observations, what inference can you make? The motion of the short copper wire shows that a ______ is exerted on the wire. 4. What is the law that relates the direction of the force, the current and the magnetic field. ___________________________________________________________________ 5. What difference will you notice if (b) stronger magnets are used? ________________________________________________________________ (c) The current in the conductor is increased? ________________________________________________________________

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Conclusion

1. Under what situation does a force act upon a current-carrying conductor? When a current-carrying conductor is in a magnetic field of a permanent magnet, the __________ between the two magnetic fields produce a _________ on the conductor. 2. What relationship do you notice between the direction of the magnetic field, the current and the force acting on a conductor? The direction of the magnetic field, the current and the force acting on a conductor is ________________ to each other.

Describe how a currentcarrying conductor in a magnetic field experiences a force.

1. The magnadur magnets produce a uniform, parallel magnetic field. 2. The current-carrying vertical wire produces a circular magnetic field around itself. 3. The two fields interact to produce a resultant magnetic field known as a catapult field. 4. Upward, the two fields are in the same direction and they produce a stronger combined magnetic field. 5. Downward, the two fields act in opposite directions and the combined magnetic field is weaker. 6. The wire carrying a current thus experiences a resultant force in the direction from the stronger to the weaker field, i.e from upward to downward.

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Activity 2: Draw the combination (called catapult field) of two magnetic fields below and show the direction of movement of the conductor.

Describe how a currentcarrying coil in a magnetic field experience a turning force

A current flows through a rectangular coil of wire which is free to rotate between the poles of a magnet

A current-carrying coil is in the magnetic field of a permanent magnet. The current in the coil produces a magnetic field around it.

Two sides of the coil produce circular magnetic field lines in opposite directions.

The interaction between the magnetic field of the current and the magnetic field of the permanent magnet produces a resultant magnetic field or catapult field.

From Flemings left hand rule, the left side of the coil (AB) is acted upon by an upward force whereas the right side (CD) is acted upon by a downward force. These two equal and opposite forces form a turning force which causes the coil to rotate in a clockwise direction. The turning force on a current-carrying coil in a magnetic field is also known as a couple.

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Activity 3: Draw a pattern of resultant magnetic field or catapult field for a current-carrying coil in a magnetic field.

Show the direction of the resultant force, F.

What will happen to the coil? __________________________________

Factors State factors which affect the speed of rotation of the motor 1. Increasing the size of the current 2. Increasing the strength of the magnetic field 3. increasing the number of turns 4. Increasing the area of the coil

Speed of rotation of the motor

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Describe how a direct current motor works

Commutator: reverse the direction of current in the coil every half rotation so that the coil continues to turn in same direction Carbon Brush: to contact with the commutator so the current from the battery enters the coil. Spring: push the brush so it will always contact with the commutator.

Show the direction of the two forces acted on the coil.

1. When current flows through the horizontal coil, magnetic field is produced around it. The interaction between the magnetic field of the current and the magnetic field of the permanent magnet produces a catapult field and 2 turning force. The direction of the force is determined by Flemings lefthand rule. The two forces produce a couple which rotates the coil. 2. When the coil gets to the upright position, the contact between the carbon brushes with the commutator is broken. There is no turning force on it because no current flows in the coil. But the coil continues to rotate because of its inertia.

3. When the coil in a horizontal position again, the sides of the coil changes position. The commutator reverses the direction of the current in the coil to ensure that the forces on the coil turn the coil in one direction only. So the coil is still rotating in the same direction.

4.The above processes are repeated and the motor continues to rotate.

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TUTORIAL 8.2
1. Based on diagram below, what is the direction of motion of the rod when the switch is closed?

4. Diagram (a) shows magnetic field produced by a conductor-carrying current. Diagram (b) shows magnetic field from a permanent magnadur magnets.

2. A copper wire is connected to a circuit which located between two bar magnet. When the switch is turned on the current flows out of the paper.

When the two magnetic fields interact, which diagram shows the resultant magnetic field?

Which is the correct direction of the force acting on the copper wire? 3. Diagram shows a conductor wire placed in a magnetic field.

5. The diagram shows an arrangement of apparatus to study the pattern of magnetic fields which are formed when current flows through conductors.

When the switch is on, the conductor wire initially moves towards..(2007) A. W B. X C. Y D. Z

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Which magnetic fields pattern is formed on the cardboard when both switches are closed? (2004)

7. Diagram below shows a current-carrying coil in a magnetic field.

What will happen to the coil? A. at rest B. rotates clockwise C. rotates anti clockwise D. vibrates 8. Diagram below shows two wires connected to a power supply. 6. Diagram below shows two parallel wire M and N through a cardboard. Wire M is connected to a direct current power supply while wire N is connected to a resistor. Which are the following diagram shows the correct pattern of the magnetic field produced?

Which of the following patterns shows the magnetic field produced on the cardboard?

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9. Diagram below shows a conductor carrying a current in a magnetic field.

11. Diagram below shows an arrangement to study the effect of magnetic field on a copper rod carrying current. The bare cooper rod is free to move along the bare copper rails.

Among the directions indicated A, B, C and D, which is the correct direction of the force acting on the conductor? 10. Diagram below shows the structure of a simple electric motor. (a) On the diagram, mark and label with B the direction of the magnetic field. (b) When the switch is closed, the copper rod move along the copper rails. On the diagram mark and label direction of current, I through the copper rod. Mark and label, F , the direction of the motion of the rod. (c) Explain how the motion of the copper rod is produced. ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ (d) What happen to the motion of the copper rod and explain your answer when (i) the rheostat is adjusted until its resistance decreases. _______________________________ _______________________________ (ii) the battery is replaced by a.c. power supply _______________________________ _______________________________

Which is the correct magnetic field pattern when the plane of the coil is horizontal? (2003)

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(e)

Name two instruments which use the principle involved in (b). __________________________________

12. The diagram shows the structure of a direct current motor.

(a) Name the type of the magnet is used. (a) Name the part labeled (i) P : ________________________ (ii) Q : ________________________ (b) What is the function of the part labeled (i) P : _________________________ (ii) Q : _________________________ ______________________________ (c) Label the direction of the current in the coil. (d) State and label the direction of the forces acting on (i) the SV side of the coil: _________ (ii) the TU side of the coil: _________ _______________________________ (iii) name the rule used to determine the direction of the force. _____________________________ (e) What is the direction of rotation of the coil? ________________________________ 13 The diagram shows the arrangement of an apparatus to investigate the interaction between a current-carrying conductor and the magnetic field. _______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ (c) Suggest two ways to change the direction of the motion of wire X. ______________________________ (b) When the switch is closed, (i) indicate and label the direction of the current flows through wire X. (ii) what happen to motion of wire X and give the reason for your answer. ______________________________

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14. Figure(a) shows the structural design of a moving coil ammeter.

15. Soalan SPM 2006 Essay Section B (a) Figure(a) shows two thin copper strips, PQ and RS, connected to a circuit.

Figure(a) Figure(a) (a) On Figure(b) draw the pattern of the magnetic fields formed before the current flows through the coil. Explain what happens to PQ and RS, when the switch is on. (b) Figure(b) shows an electric motor which is supplied with 12 V a.c.

Figure(b) (b) When the current flows through the coil, the pointer is deflected. (i) What type of current is used? _____________________________ (ii) Explain how the pointer deflects. Figure(b) ______________________________ ______________________________ _______________________________ (iii) Why is the coil stops to deflect? ______________________________ ______________________________ (i) Explain how the motor is able to rotate (ii) Using a 12V a.c. power supply, explain the modification that needs to be done on the motor and the external circuit to enable to be a d.c. electric motor and rotate

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