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To determine co-efficient of contraction, co efficient of velocity and co -efficient of an orifice and calibrate it
Apparatus
o o o Orifice and Jet apparatus Hydraulic Bench Stop watch
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Types of Orifice
1) Based on shapes
Rectangular orifice Circular orifice Triangular orifice Square orifice Angled entrance and exit orifice Curved entrance orifice 2) Based on Size Small Large 3) Based on nature of the Jet Open/Simple Orifice Submerged Orifice
Jet
It is a stream issuing out of the orifice and is not enclosed by solid boundaries.
Types of Jet
Free Jet Submerged Jet
Co-efficient of Velocity (
It is the ratio of actual velocity uC and ideal velocity uO through the orifice.
Co-efficient of Contraction (
It is the ratio of the cross-section of the vena contracta AC , to cross-section of the orifice AO.
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Q = uC AC
And if the jet discharged at the ideal velocity uO over the orifice area ao, the discharge Qo would be
Qo = uo Ao = Ao(
So from the definition of co-efficient of discharge,
Procedure
a) Set the apparatus on the hydraulic bench. b) Note down the diameter of the orifice. c) Start the hydraulic bench and fill the tank, transparent part of apparatus, just below the overflow pipe. d) Adjust the vertical inlet pipe upwards so that its outlet is just below the surface of the water in the tank (to help reduce any disturbance near to the orifice). e) Allow the conditions to stabilize and use the hydraulic bench to measure the flow. Record the Head inside the tank (HO). f) Adjust the pitot so that its tip point directly upwards into the water flow and the tip is in the middle of the contracted section of the jet. g) Record the pitot manometer reading (HC). h) Measure the width of the vena contracta - at the same height as the pitot tip.
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Comments
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