Life In The South Of Italy

The poorest region on Italy Has the lowest standard of living in the EU Few towns along the coast; little industries Many live on hill-top villages Jobs Jobs In The South Of Italy Primary 25% Secondary 28% Tertiary 47% Land Use Agriculture is still the major land use Small farms, spread out

3/4/2013 4:46:00 AM

At subsistence level Hillsides beneath the village vines, olives and fruits Flatter land wheat Higher an steeper slopes sheep and goats are grazed

Disadvantages of farming in the South Far way from urban markets in northern Italy and NW Europe Much of the land is high and steep Few banks from which to get loans Summer drought Rivers dry up in summer, not enough money for irrigation schemes Soil erosion Few farmers own their land Little money to buy fertilizer Animals rather than machinery are used Few colleges, farming methods are still traditional

Industry In The South Of Italy Not an important industrial area o Poor transport links isolate it from the rest of Europe o Few natural resources o Little money and limited skills o Most people have migrated to the north on search of jobs

Attempts to improve roads and introduce new industries, e.g. steelmaking, chemicals and car assembly Some improvements: o Marshy areas drained/reclaimed and trees planted o New dams, irrigation schemes, roads built o Tourists attracted by the sandy beaches and hot, dry summers

How Developed Is Italy

3/4/2013 4:46:00 AM

Development is about improving the quality of life for people Some common ways of measuring development (page88) Trade Provision Of Education Wealth Jobs Cars Food Supply Health Care Clean Water Supply Italy Highly developed country One of the worlds seven richest nations Industries have developed with improved transport links North wealthier than the South. Higher standard of living and a good quality of life

Japan
Four main islands: Hokkaido Honshu Kyushu Shikoku Japans Main Physical Regions Mountainous with less than 20% flat land The North Remote and mountainous Centre: snow-capped peaks Summers are dry & cool Winters: cold & heavy snowfall The West Mountainous Little flat land Deep narrow valleys with steep sides Short, fast flowing rivers Warm, wet summers Cold, snowy winters

3/4/2013 4:46:00 AM

Located about 200km off the coast of Asia in the Pacific Ocean

The South Active volcanoes, crates lakes, hot spring Coral reefs (warm coasts) Tropical climate Hot, wet summers Warm, sunny winters Typhoons common in autumn Tropical vegetation

The East Largest areas of flat land Several active volcanoes Mt Fuji: highest mountain Warm, humid and wet summers

Mild dry winters

What Are Japans Sources Of Energy?

Sources of energy within Japan Coal Oil Small amounts Hokkaido and north-west Kyushu Poor quality and expensive to mine

3/4/2013 4:46:00 AM

Hydroelectricity Largest scheme: Kurobe River 7 % of energy supply

Geothermal Volcanic areas

Solar Power Hindered by lack of sun Nuclear Power 27% of energy supply Opposition BUT little choice if Japan is to continue to industrialize and if Japan wants to reduce the cost of importing fossil fuels

Types of Energy HEP 7% Geothermal 5% Solar 1% Oil 29% Natural Gas 19% Coal 12% Nuclear 27%

Renewable 13% Non-renewable 87% Uses of Energy Other Uses 16%

Agriculture - 2% Domestic 12% Transport 24% Industry - 46%

Uranium - From Canada and Australia Gas - 99.5% from Indonesia Oil - 99.8% from UAE, Saudi Arabia and Indonesia Coal - 88% from Australia, Canada and the USA

Where Is Japans Industry Located?

Lacked: Flat Land Raw Materials Sources of Energy

3/4/2013 4:46:00 AM

Stages Of Industrial Development: Iron Ore & Coal Steel Making Build Ships, Factories & Houses Ships Carry Iron Ore, Coke, Aluminum, Oil Made Cars, Develop Electronics, Hi-Tech Industries

Main Industrial Areas Kobe-Osaka Kitakyushu Nagoya Hiroshima-Mizushima Tokyo

The Location Of Industries Today: Early iron and steel works were in the north which had coal (energy) and iron ore South and east if the country Important industrial areas are along the Pacific Coastline Smaller ones on the west coast ( nuclear energy and HEP)

Locational Factors
Highly skilled, educated hardworking workforce

3/4/2013 4:46:00 AM

Accessibility: Motorways, trains, bullet train A large market: Most people live along the coast (big cities) Deep water, sheltered ports, facilities export of cars, electrical goods Distribution of lowland and people Fuel and raw materials imported: Easier to have industries near the ports How has industry affected the environment? Little flat land has led to competition: Industries, housing, transport, recreation and farming

Growth of industries Growth of cities Development of transport Environment problems Loss of farmland Removal of forests Destruction of natural habitats Increasing air and water pollution

Is Japans environment still at risk? 1980 Water and air severely polluted Serious health problems to people Threatened the existence of wildlife Worst areas: Tokyo Bay, Inland Sea (High population densities, many large industries and thermal power stations, increasing no. of cars) Noise and air pollution from vehicles, planes Thermal power stations give off CO2 (pollutes the air; warm water that kills fish. Land reclaimed for industries (steelworks, chemicals). Raw sewage released into the sea.

Factory waste (mercury, arsenic, chemicals released into the sea kills fishes. Fertilizers (nitrates and phosphates) get into the rivers. Algae and vegetation grow and use up oxygen. Fish die. Oil from ships pollutes the bay. Rubbish dumped on artificial islands.

Sustainable Development In Japan

3/4/2013 4:46:00 AM

A way if improving peoples standard of living and quality of life without wasting resources or harming the environment which they live Use wealth and technology to reduce environmental pollution Ways To Reduce Pollution Levels Fines for dropping litter Cars use unleaded petrol New cars use less petrol and release less carbon dioxide Nuclear power stations dont release much carbon dioxide like those using fossil fuels Laws to reduce release of industrial waste into rivers and seas More domestic sewage treated Laws to reduce gas emissions from factories and power stations Creation of National parks to protect scenery and wildlife

The Environment Early 1970w, standards for the quality of the environment introduced Quality of air improved Unleaded petrol is used by all cars Strict rules to reduce the release of exhaust fumes, factory gases and power stations Smog-related diseases have decreased Moss, which dies easily in polluted air, is growing again Increased use of nuclear energy has reduced the amount of CO2 released Industries are releasing less waste into the sea More domestic sewage is being treated before release

How Interdependent Is Japan? Interdependent Countries work together & rely on each other for help E.g. Trade Progress Improve standard of living Japan has to trade with other countries as she has few natural resources Raw materials, e.g. oil, coal have to be imported Manufactured goods are sold aboard

Most important trading partner is the USA Others: China, South Korea, Indonesia Japan earns more from its exports. This is called TRADE SURPLUS. Japan exports higher value manufactured goods. Balance of trade: Difference between imports and exports. Japans Interdependent With Other Countries Aid to poorer countries Build factories aboard, creates employment Investments overseas develop resources and industries

Too Many People?

Development Making life better Improving health, food, housing, education Raising standard of living A better quality of life

3/4/2013 4:46:00 AM

Over-population Resources of an area cannot support the people living there. Poorer quality of life and lowering of standards. Over-crowding China Huge population, over-crowded Birth control policies slow down population growth Improved farming methods have increased food production Industrial development provides money to buy things from aboard Bangladesh Crowded countries Rapid population growth due to failure of birth control plans Poor farming methods Inefficient distribution of food Not enough industries to provide jobs and money for improvements Not enough food Shortage of jobs Inadequate housing, education facilities and poor health care

India &

EU and Eastern USA Crowded but slow population growth Industries provide jobs and wealth Efficient farming methods Good food supply Money earned from industries used to buy food and other things from aboard

How Do Jobs Affect Development

Categories Of Jobs Primary : Farming, mining, fishing Secondary: Car assembly, textiles Tertiary: Doctors, businessmen, teachers

3/4/2013 4:46:00 AM

Employment Structure The percentage of workers in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors Early Stage Poor and low standard of living Most labor force in primary sectors Farming is important so as to produce enough food Sell primary produce to earn money to buy goods and machinery from rich countries

Beginning To Develop Secondary industries begin to develop Mechanization reduces jobs in farming Richer than before Improvement in transport, education and health care Increase in tertiary jobs

Developed Stage Many people are in tertiary sector Still many secondary industries but fewer workers as work is being done by robots and computer Very few people in the primary sector Most primary products are imported

How Does Trade Affect Development?

Imports: Goods that are bought by a country Exports: Goods sold to other countries

3/4/2013 4:46:00 AM

Trade: Exchange of goods and materials between countries

Problems faced by developing countries Poorer/developing countries exports low-value, primary goods Rely on mainly on one major export if crop fails of price drops, the countrys economy will be affected Manufactured goods are high value products. They include machinery, cars and electrical goods Primary goods are low value products. They include food stuffs, minerals and timber. Rich North Share of world export income = 75%

Poor South Share of world export income = 25% Not all countries get a fair share from world trade Poor countries: Poor countries Export mainly primary goods That have low value And earn very little money Which keeps the country poor Rich countries: Rich countries

Export mainly manufactured goods That have high value And earn much money Which makes the country rich

Development
one major export. Egypt Oil 66% Botswana Diamonds 52% Laos Timber 76% Ghana Cocoa 80% Bangladesh Jute 51% Zambia Copper 87%

3/4/2013 4:46:00 AM

Another problem faced by developing countries is their reliance on just

Is development spread evenly? Development is about progress and improving the standard of living Different ways to measure development: Sufficient food and clean water for people Secondary education for everyone. All can read and write Freedom and equal rights including the right to vote An end to poverty and improvement in living conditions

Different Ways To Measure Development3/4/2013 4:46:00 AM

Gross National Product (GNP) per capital is: Total income divided by its population (measure wealth of a nation) Building factories, providing jobs and making country rich Good hospitals and well-trained doctors How can the rich help the poor? Aid: A form of help normally given to poor countries by the rich countries Short-term aid: Helps immediate problems, e.g. disasters, emergencies Long-term aid: To improve basic living standards To enable people to make better use of resources To improve overall level of development

Different forms of aid: Money, e.g. to finance improvement schemes Projects, e.g. power stations, water supply Skilled people, e.g. doctors, engineers Equipment, e.g. tractors, hospital equipment Emergency assistance, e.g. medical supplies, food, shelter Food

Problems caused by aid: Large aid projects damage the environment too complicated and big to be handed by the local people. E.g. The Aswan High Dam Traditions spoiled and lives changed Some fail to reach the people it intended

Aid schemes should be sustainable; improve the quality of life without harming the future The best aid schemes: Cause little damage to the environment Small scale Use simple technology Help the poorest people Help people to develop own knowledge & skills

Cheap and easy to run Chang local traditions as little as possible Encourage people to work together and help themselves

Should We Give Aid?

Yes: No:

3/4/2013 4:46:00 AM

If we help poorer countries there will be new markets for our products Without our help, the poor have no chance in life We should always help those who are worse off than ourselves We need the things they have, so we might as well help them We live in the same world. We should help each other

Whats it got to do with us? Were enough problems of our own The more aid we give them, the less they will help themselves Most aid is wasted or stolen and doesnt even get to the people who need it They are used to bad conditions. Theres no need to help them