Villalobos Eamon Barkhordarian

Period C 2/2/09

Review Questions pg. 260

1. Reading Focus
a. What themes shaped the romantic art, literature, and music?
i. In romantic art, painters broke free of the discipline and strict rules
of the Enlightenment. Landscape painters sought to capture the
beauty and power of nature. Using bold brush strokes and colors
were used in romantic paintings. Romantics painted many subjects,
from simple peasant life to medieval knights to current events.
Bright colors conveyed violent energy and emotion. In romantic
literature, romantic writers created a new kind of hero that was a
mysterious, melancholy figure who felt out of step with society. The
romantic hero often hid a guilty secret and faced a grim destiny.
Romantic writers combined history, legend, and folklore. In
romantic music, romantic composers tried to stir deep emotions.
Some romantic composers wove traditional folk melodies into their
works to glorify their nations past.
b. How did realists respond to the industrialized, urban world?
i. Realists often focused their work on the harsh side of life in cities or
villages. Many writers and artists were committed to improving the
lot of unfortunates whose lives they depicted. For example, the
English novelist Charles Dickens vividly portrays the lives of slum
dwellers and factory workers, including children. French novelists
also portrayed the ills of their time. Realists also introduced realism
in art and drama. In art, the painters focused on ordinary subjects,
especially on working class men and women.
c. How did the visual arts change?
i. A new art form, photographs, was emerging. These photographs
preserved a vivid, realistic record of the corpse-strewn battlefields.
New groups of people that brushed strokes or color side by side
without any bleeding. By concentrating or visual impressions rather
than realism, artists achieved a fresh view of familiar subjects. Also
another group that arose because of new directions in visual art was
the postimpressionists. These painters developed a variety of styles.
Some arranged small dots of color to define the shape of objects,
while other experimented with sharp brush lines and bright colors.
2. Identify
a. Lord Byron
i. A British writer that was a larger-than-life figure equal to those he
created. Public interest in his poetry was so great that moody,
isolated romantic heroes came to be described as “Byronic.”
b. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
i. Germany’s greatest writer and the writer of the dramatic poem,
Faust. The aging scholar Faust makes a pact with the devil,
Villalobos Eamon Barkhordarian
Period C 2/2/09

exchanging his soul with his youth. After much agony, Faust wins
salvation by accepting his duty to help others.
c. Ludwig Van Beethoven
i. A German composer that combines classical forms with a stirring
range of sound. He was the first composer to take full advantage of
the broad range of interments in the modern orchestra. In all,
Beethoven produced nine symphonies, five piano concertos, a violin
concerto, and opera, two masses, and a dozen shorter pieces. To
many, he is considered the greatest composer of his day.
d. Charlotte Bronte
i. English novelist; oldest of three Bronte sisters. Her most famous
piece of work is Jane Eyre, with a quiet governess and her brooding,
Byronic employer, whose large mansion conceals a terrifying secret.
e. Charles Dickens
i. An English novelist who vividly portrays the lives of slum dwellers
and factory workers, including children. In Oliver Twist, he tells the
story of a 9 year old orphan raised in a grim poor house. One day,
young Oliver gets up the nerve to ask for extra food.
f. Gustave Courbet
i. A French realist. He once said, “I cannot paint an angel for I have
never seen one.” Instead, he painted works such as The Stone
Breakers. Which shows two rough laborers on a country road.
g. Claude Monet
i. One impressionist that brushed stokes of color side by side without
any blending. According to new scientific studies of optics, the
human eye would mix these patches of color.
h. Postimpressionists
i. People against the ideas of impressionists. Also another group that
arose because of new directions in visual art was the
postimpressionists. These painters developed a variety of styles.
Some arranged small dots of color to define the shape of objects,
while other experimented with sharp brush lines and bright colors.
3. Define
a. Romanticism
i. 19th century artistic movement that appealed to emotion rather than
reason
b. Realism
i. An artistic movement whose aim was to represent the world as it is
c. Impressionism
i. School of painting in the late 1800s and early 1900s that tried to
capture fleeting visual impressions.