During parenteral nutrition administration, a nurse breaks sterile technique.

For which complication does this place the patient at risk for?

Air embolism

Sepsis

Thrombosis

Pneumothorax

A patient is receiving a continuous enteral feeding at 80 ml/hour has a residual volume of 120 ml 6 hours after the last check. How should the nurse proceed?

Continue administering the enteral feeding

Hold the enteral feeding and notify the physician immediately

Hold the feeding for 1 hour, and recheck

Hold the feeding for 2 hours, then resume the feeding

Which food provides the only animal source of carbohydrates?

Beef

Eggs

Milk

Chicken

The head of the bed of a patient who is receiving enteral feedings is elevated to 30 degrees. Which complication associated with enteral feedings does this intervention help prevent?

Aspiration

Diarrhea

Infection

Electrolyte imbalance

The nurse must verify enteral tube placement before administering a tube feeding. Which method should she use?

Place the proximal end of the tube in the water; if no bubbling occurs; placement is confirmed

Inject 30 cc of air into the proximal end of the feeding tube while auscultating the stomach; a swooshing sound confirms placement

Aspirate stomach contents from the proximal end of the tube, and measure the pH

Obtain a chest x-ray

6. Which action should the nurse take after administering a dose of medication through a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube?

Continue the enteral feeding

Flush the tube with 30 ml of water

Wait 2 hours before resuming the feeding

check resisdual volume

7. During an admission assessment, the patient reports that he takes vitamin E supplements twice a day. The nurse should explain that taking vitamin E supplements three times a day:

Ensures healthy vision

Can lead to toxicity

Strengthens the immune system

Helps maintain body tissues

8. What are three nutrients that may be more difficult to supply with a vegetarian diet.

B12, Zinc, Vitamin D

9. What would be considered unhealthy BMI levels?

<18 or >25

10. What factors would lead to poor wound healing?

Insufficient intakes of Protein, Vitamin C, and Zinc

11. What are the likely causes of hyperglycemia?

Excess carbohydrate intake, emotional stressors, physical stressors

12. If a patients Serum Albumin level is 2.9, what would this test result possible be a sign of?

Malnutrition

13. What is the normal range for serum albumin levels?

3.4 5.4

14. This is the preferred method of feeding for a patient with a functioning intestinal tract but is unable to meet his nutritional needs through oral intake.

Enteral nutrition

15. List the three types of enteral nutrition tubes.

Nasogastric (NG) ends in the stomach

Nasoenteric (NE) ends in the small intestine

Percutaneous gastrostomy tube (PEG) inserted into the stomach through the skin

16. What are the four ways that proper tube placement can be verified?

Radiography

Aspiration of contents

Measuring the pH of the aspirate

Injecting air into the tube while auscultating the stomach

17. What age does adolescence start for boys?

12-14

18. What age does adolescence start for girls?

10-12

19. During adolescence what happens to a boys body composition?

They develop more muscle mass

20. During adolescence what happens to a girls body composition?

They develop more adipose tissue

21. How much calories should boys between the ages of 11 - 14 consume daily?

Approximately 3000 calories

22. How much calories should girls between the ages of 11 14 consume

daily?

Approximately 2100 calories

23. In response to long bone calcification, which mineral should adolescent kids increase in their daily diet?

Calcium

24. What two things are required for young boys to increase lean muscle mass?

Increased blood volume and hemoglobin

25. What mineral is responsible for increasing muscle mass in boy and menstruation in girls?

Iron

26. Write the food pyramid for teens.

Fats, oils, and sweets (use sparingly)

Meat, poultry, fish, nuts, eggs, dry beans (2 to 3 servings)

Milk, yogurt, cheese (2 to 3 servings)

Fruit (2 to 4 servings)

Vegetables (3 to 5 servings)

Bread, cereal, rice, pasta (6 to 11 servings)

27. This classification of foods is known as short lived, non-nutritional, and can be harmful.

Fad foods

28. This is the number one nutritional problem in adolescence.

Junk food

29. An adolescent suffering from depression with a low self esteem, and a sedentary lifestyle is at risk for what?

Obesity

30. What percentage of adolescents, that suffer from obesity, remain obese as adults?

80%

31. This is contributed to inappropriate eating habits and will increase a persons risk for disease.

Obesity

32. This is a distorted self-image of being fat and could be caused by a fear of

maturing into a grown women.

Anorexia nervosa

33. Anorexia nervosa could be caused by a malfunction of the__________?

Hypothalamus

34. Discolored teeth and bruised knuckles may be a sign of ___________?

Bulimia

35. Which vitamin should vegans include with their meals to increase iron absorption?

Vitamin C

36. Because vegan diets lack essential amino acids, what vegan food

combinations can supply the essential amino acids?

Rice and beans, legumes and grains, and corn bread

37. Vegans also need an increase in this vitamin and can get it from whole grains.

Zinc

38. Lacto-vegetarian diets consist of ____ and _____, and are deficient in what two vitamins?

Milk and Cheese; Iron and Zinc

39. Lacto-ovo diets are vegetable supplemented diets that consist of what?

Milk, eggs, cheese

40. As people age, both men and women, need to decrease their calorie intake and increase there activity because of what decrease?

Decrease in BMR

41. What type of diet, recommended by the national academy of science, can prevent cancer?

Less fat, more fiber; eat very little foods preserved in salt cure or nitrates, and include fruits, vegetables, and whole grains; drink alcohol in moderation

42. What are the two categories of factors of nutrition in old age?

a. Physiological

Sensory

Gastrointestinal Changes

Metabolic

b. Psychological

43. What are the seven nutritional requirements of the elderly?

Decrease calories

Protein intake remains the same

Carbs should be reduced in simple sugars

Fats = no more than 30%

Iron and calcium are needed to prevent anemia and osteoporosis

Vitamin supplements may be needed

Need more water for digestion, prevention of constipation, and to carry waste

1. B

2. C

3. C

4. A

5. C

6. B

7. B

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