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Energy and Electricity

The 9 types of energy

Type Heat Kinetic (movement) Nuclear 3 example sources

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Sound
Light Chemical Electrical Gravitational potential Elastic potential

Energy changes
To describe an energy change for a light bulb we need to do 3 steps: 1) Write down the starting energy:

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2) Draw an arrow
Electricity

3) Write down what energy types are given out: Light + heat

What are the energy changes for the following?

1) An electric fire 2) A rock about to drop 3) An arrow about to be fired

Electrical Energy
Consider a simple circuit: The job of the battery is to convert ______ energy into _________ energy

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The job of the bulb is to convert the _________ energy it receives from the battery into ______ energy. Words electrical (x2), light, chemical

Hi. Im Ernie Electron and Im going to show you how I get energy around a circuit.

Electrical Energy

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Energy

Hi. Im Ernie Electron and Im going to show you how I get energy around a circuit.

Electrical Energy

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Energy

Hi. Im Ernie Electron and Im going to show you how I get energy around a circuit.

Electrical Energy

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Energy

Fuels

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A fuel is something that can be burned to release heat and light energy. The main examples are:

Coal, oil and gas are called fossil fuels. In other words, they were made from fossils.

Renewable energy sources

Wind Hydro-electric Wave
Tidal

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Geothermal Biomass

Power stations

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Boiler Cooling tower

Turbine Generator

Transformer

What does each part do?

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The boiler is where the fuel is burnt to boil water The steam from the boiler is used to turn a turbine The turbine is connected to the generator, which acts like a dynamo it generates electricity out of movement The steam is cooled down and turned back into water in the cooling tower

Energy Transfer diagrams

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Consider a light bulb. Lets say that the bulb runs on 100 watts (100 joules per second) and transfers 20 joules per second into light and the rest into heat. Draw this as a diagram:

Input energy
100 J/s electrical energy

Output energy
20 J/s light energy

80 J/s heat energy (given to the surroundings)

Example questions
Consider a kettle:
2000 J/s electrical energy Wasted heat 150 J/s electrical energy

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Consider a computer:
20 J/s wasted heat

Sound energy

Heat to water

10 J/s wasted sound

Useful light and sound

1) Work out each energy value. 2) What is the kettles efficiency?

1) How much energy is converted into useful energy? 2) What is the computers efficiency?