Its Challenge, Development and Problems

Indonesian participants:
Andreas Triwiyono Devy Kamil Syahbana Mulatno Sri Atmaja P. Rosyidi

Seismic Design for Structures, 22 26 October 2007,Taipei

Outlines of Presentation
- Introduction - Microzonation and Site

Measurements

- Earthquake Effects in

Geotechnics

- Lessons learned from Tsunami

Caused by Earthquake

Management in Indonesia
- Lesson learned from Structural

- Earthquake Disaster

Damages

Indonesia in Earthquake Area

Seismicity in Indonesia

Source: USGS

PGA in Indonesia

Source: USGS

Earthquake Vulnerable Map in Indonesia

(Source: PVG, 2006)

Current Condition: Indonesia in Earthquake Hazard Potential

Source: USGS

Earthquake Impact in Nusa Tenggara

Dompu 2003. Alor 1982. Lombok 2004.

Lombok 2004. Alor 2004.

Bima 2006.

STRATEGY MITIGATION ON EARTHQUAKE

Quick Respond Team on Earthquake

Socialization

Activ Fault Monitoring/Micro Zonation

Earthquake Vulneribility Mapping If some earthquake occured in some area, in the future earthquake can occurs but we dont know when the earthquake occur. Mitigation strategy: Identification earthquake vulnerability and empowering community.

Anticipation of Community and Local Government On Earthquake Vulnerable Area

High
Historical earthquake occured MMI > VIII Building code for infrastructure and settlement

Medium
Historical earthquake occured MMI VI - VII

Low

Historical earthquake occured MMI IV - V Building code for Very Low infrastructure Historical earthquake and settlement occured MMI < IV No Building Code For Infrastructure and settlement

Potential occurs of earthquake Building code for infrastructure and settlement

Earthquake intensity Map

Amplified

Dominant Frequency

VERY HIGH Amplified Zone (>9 times) RED HIGH Amplified Zone (7-9 times) YELLOW MODERATE Amplified Zone (4-6 times) BLUE LOW Amplified Zone (1-3 times) GREEN

Data Correlation

Utara Singkarak

Singkarak

Koto Timur

Padang Panjang Sumani

Fault Investigation and Liquefaction Identification

Geo-resistivity or Geo-sounding Bore-Holes Soil Properties Seismic Analysis

Source: UMY Report

Source: UMY Report

Source: UMY Report

Source: UMY Report

Source: UMY Report

Source: UMY Report

Source: UMY Report

Source: UMY Report

Source: UMY Report

Source: UMY Report

Fault Mapping and Geotechnical Damages

Source: UMY Report

Lessons learned from Jogja earthquake

Source: Irwan Meilano 2006

Why the severe Why thedamage damageis isvery very severe?? Layers Layers of of shallow, shallow, unconsilidated unconsilidated sediments sediments are are commons in volcanic island. In Jogja they are result commons in volcanic island. In Jogja they are resultof of erosion processes and merapi volcano eruption erosion processes and merapi volcano eruption material. material. Young Young sediment sediment around around Bantul Bantul and and Jogja Jogja basin overlie more consilidated rock. The seismic basin overlie more consilidated rock. The seismic produced produced by by the the May May 27, 27, earthquake earthquake encounter encounter this this low velocity, near surface sedimentary layer: the low velocity, near surface sedimentary layer: the amplitude amplitude of of the the wave wave increases, increases, the the wave wave is is bent bent toward towardvertical, vertical,and andthe thewave wavebecomes becomestrapped trappedin inthe the near surface layer. This wave amplification produced near surface layer. This wave amplification produced very veryintensive intensivedamage damagearound aroundBantul Bantuland andJogja. Jogja.

Displacement Model
Contribution by Dr. Irwan Meilano Cross section of subduction zones the indoaustralia plate subducting southern segment of eurasia plate (including java island). The earthquake data is 1976-2006 Magnitude larger than 5. The down-going slab produced earthquake, loss of volatiles and magmatism. We assume that the fault is a left-lateral planar surface across which relative motion accured during earthquake. Parameter of the fault is : Strike =50 degree, Dip =45 degree, Length = 25 Km, Width = 15 Km, Slip = 60 Cm, Mag = 6.4 Mw. Estimated horizontal displacement from model : Bantul 10 Cm Jogja 6.8 Cm Imagiri 3.5 Cm Kalasan 2.5 Cm Klaten 1 Cm

Learned from Jogjas earthquake

Source: Irwan Meilano

Cross section of subduction

Ground Cracking Learned from Jogjas earthquake

Contribution by Dr. Irwan Meilano

One clear feature of the Jogjas earthquake was the lack of surface fault rupture. The impressive cracks shown in the figures are superficial features caused by the strong shaking. Fact: Numerous ground failures occurred around east of Bantul, stretching over 15 km.

Liquefaction
Learned from Jogjas earthquake Liquefaction phenomena can usually be found at many places. The liquefaction has formed long fissures along road, riverbed and also be found in some buildings.

Soil boiling were also found in some location.

Tsunami Vulnerable Map

(Sumber : PVG, 2006)

Tsunami Controlling Factors

1. Submarine Earthquake Examples : Tsunami in Bali ,NTB 1977, Banyuwangi 1994, Biak 1996, NAD 2004. 2. Submarine Volcanoes eruption Examples : Sunda Strait Tsunami generated by Krakatau Eruption,1883. 3. Submarine Landslide Examples : Buru Island Tsunami 14-3-2006

Aceh Tsunami

Sunda Strait Tsunami

Buru Island Tsunami

TSUNAMI MITIGATION STRATEGY

QUICK RESPONSE

SOCIALIZATION TSUNAMI VULNERABLE MAPPING

TSUNAMIGENIC IDENTIFICATION

Anticipation of Community and Local Government On Tsunami Vulnerable Area

High
Runup > 5 m

Medium
Runup 1 5 m

Restricted for settlement. Greenbelt zone

Low
Runup 0 1 m
Limited area for settlement & With evacuation route and location

Infrastructure and settlement with Evacuation route and location

TSUNAMI VULNERABLE MAP

Tsunami Modelling
Tsunami Aceh

Sumatera Barat

TSUNAMI VULNERABLE MAP

11505E 837S 11520E 837S

Bali Island

Legend:

850S 11505E 850S 11520E

Sukabumi Regency

Early Warning System

Recent focal point in Disaster Management

BAKORNAS PB (National) SATKORLAK PB (Province) SATLAK PB (District and Municipal) Satgas PB (Sub District and Villages)

Shifting the paradigm and approaches in disaster management from:

Structural Mitigation to Structural and Non

Structural Mitigation Response to Prevention Sectoral to Multi-sector Centralized to Decentralized Conventional to Holistic / Comprehensive Government driven to Community based

Non-Structural Mitigation

National Action Plan for Risk Reduction CBDRM Strengthen Early Warning System SOP Training etc

Preventive and Mitigation Plan

Passive Mitigation Active Mitigation

Active Mitigation Activities

Constructing the sign for caution, danger and prohibit to enter hazards area. Monitoring the laws and regulations enforcement in requirements for building construction, space plan and other regulation related to hazards mitigation. Basic training in hazards mitigation to public and regional official. Public evacuation from hazards area. Campaign to public for hazards mitigation and increasing alertness. Designing shelters and evacuation corridor. Developing the seismic resistant structures for preventing and reducing the hazards impacts such as dam, tripodsea waves, seismic resistant building and etc.

Passive Mitigation Action

Laws and regulations complement Developing hazards and problems mapping. Developing quidance/standard/procedure Developing leaflet/poster Research and development in hazards characteristics Risk analysis on hazards Local curriculum of hazards mitigation Developing sub-district hazards mitigation Strengthen social units in community Mainstreaming hazards mitigation in development programs

CONDUCTED ACTIVITIES

Warning Stage
Activation involved units in district. Training / simulation/ rehearsal / technical training for involved sectors in hazards mitigation such as SAR, social bureau, health units, public works, etc.). Preparing support/logistics Developing information system and communication in fast and integration for supporting the hazards mitigation works. Preparing early warning Composing contingency plan Resources Inventory in emergency response Developing standard guidance for aids and services.

ACTION PLAN
Study and observations Resources organization Information and communication Management Training and Rehearsal Education and community awareness Network, Cooperation and Coordination

DISASTER

Education and Information for Public

Up-dated Earthquake Disaster Information: Official (Government) Website

BAKORNAS BP www.bakornasbp.go.id Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation http://portal.vsi.esdm.go.id/joomla/ Information Center for Research on Natural Disaster www.pirba.ristek.go.id Badan Meteorologi dan Geofisika www.bmg.go.id

Current Earthquake - Bengkulu

Source: USGS

Current Earthquake - Bengkulu

Current Earthquake - Bengkulu

Acknowledgment
Bakornas Penanggulangan Bencana Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Department of Geological Eng., Gadjah Mada University Center for Infrastructures and Disaster Management, Muhammadiyah Univ.Yogyakarta LKPT, Muhammadiyah Univ.Yogyakarta Department of Civil and Env.Eng., Gadjah Mada University Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation Dr. Irwan Meilano Mr. Ir. Joko Wintolo, DEA Mr. Ir. Surya Budi Lesmana, M.Eng

Thank You
The End of Presentation Slide

Its Challenge, Preparedness and Problems