Answer: ASSIGNMENT #1 1.

Discuss the effect of telegraph, telephone, television, satellites, computer and the internet on international business operates? Explain how each of these communication innovations affects international business management. The Republic of India possesses a diversified communications system that links all parts of the country by Internet, telephone, telegraph, radio, and television. The system includes some of the most sophisticated technology in the world and constitutes a foundation for further development of a modern network. First the telegraph came, then the telephone, television, satellites, the computer and the Internet. Each revolution in electronic technology has had a profound effect on human conditions, economic growth and the manner in which commerce functions. Telegraph The first telegraph system in the United States was completed in 1844. Originally used as a way of managing railroad traffic, the telegraph soon became an essential means of transmitting news around the United States. The Associated Press was formed, in 1848, to pool telegraph expenses; other "wire services" soon followed. The Indian postal and telecom sectors saw a slow and uneasy start. In 1850, the first experimental electric telegraph line was started between Kolkata and Diamond Harbour. In 1851, it was opened for the use of the British East India Company. The Posts and Telegraphs department occupied a small corner of the Public Works Department at that time. Many telegraph companies were formed in the early years of the business, but by 1856 Western Union Telegraph Company had become the first dominant national telegraph system. In 1861, it completed the first transcontinental line, connecting San Francisco first to the Midwest and then on to the East Coast. As worldwide interest increased in applications of the telegraph, the

International Telegraph Union was formed, in 1865, to establish standards for use in international communication. In 1866, the first transatlantic cables were completed. The telegraph era came to an end after World War II, with the advent of highspeed transmission technologies that did not use telegraph and telephone wires. By 1988 an now, Western Union was reorganized to handle money transfers and related services through telegraph. As each new communications technology has had its impact, new business models have been spawned and some existing businesses re-invented to adapt to the new technology while other businesses have failed to respond and thus ceased to exist. Telephone Obviously, the telephone has changed society after its invention. However, it has definitely come a long way from its beginning, when Alexander Graham Bell communicated for the first time on the first one. Now, we have cell phones, cordless phones, and payphones. If we did not have telephones today, then communication that was quick and reliable would be difficult over long distances. Businesses would be affected by a lack of quick communication, however. If we still had to rely on mail sent through the postal service, courier services or by email, we still need the telephone to make sure that the business is running well in other places in the world as well. History of Telephone & Mobile Phones and their affects to international business: The invention of the telephone in the late nineteenth century led to the creation of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T). The company owned virtually all telephones, equipment, and long-distance and local wires for personal and business service in the national telephone system.

Smaller companies seeking a part of the long-distance telephone market challenged AT&T's Monopoly in the 1970s. In 1880, two telephone companies namely The Oriental Telephone Company Ltd. and The Anglo-Indian Telephone Company Ltd. approached the Government of India to establish telephone exchanges in India. The permission was refused on the grounds that the establishment of telephones was a Government monopoly and that the Government itself would undertake the work. In 1881, the Government later reversed its earlier decision and a license was granted to the Oriental Telephone Company Limited of England for opening telephone exchanges at Calcutta, Bombay, Madras and Ahmedabad and the first formal telephone service was established in the country. While all the major cities and towns in the country were linked with telephones during the British period, the total number of telephones in 1948 numbered only around 80,000. Post independence, growth remained slow because the telephone was seen more as a status symbol rather than being an instrument of utility. The number of telephones grew leisurely to 980,000 in 1971, 2.15 million in 1981 and 5.07 million in 1991, the year economic reforms were initiated in the country. With a subscriber base of more than 851 million, the Mobile telecommunications system in India is the second largest in the world and it was thrown open to private players in the 1990s. GSM was comfortably maintaining its position as the dominant mobile technology with 80% of the mobile subscriber market, but CDMA seemed to have stabilized its market share at 20% for the time being. By March 2010 the country had 584 million mobile subscribers, up from 350 million just 15 months earlier. The mobile market was continuing to expand at an annual rate in excess of 40% coming into 2010. India has the world's second-largest mobile phone users with 894 million as of December 2011. It has the world's third-largest Internet users with over 121 million as of December 2011.

Hence, telephone and mobile popularity has spread all over the world and gradually telephones are getting replaced with high tech mobile phones. The business information through SMS and smart phones are like computers these days affecting to run international business very smoothly, faster and without any trouble.

Satellites and Television Satellites have changed the way news is distributed and received around the world. Privatization of news media has allowed global news networks, namely CNN and the BBC, to break up longstanding government monopolies. Continuous news has found a global audience, both for convenience and the most updated story details. Breaking news relies on up to the minute updates, and every second counts in the competitive global news arena. Television (TV) uses both Video and Audio Signals; it can appeal through ear as well as eye. Product can be demonstrated with explanation. T.V. reaches the audience almost like personal Face-to-Face contact. To that extent it is just like personal salesmanship. It is really a wonderful means of mass communication for creating market Television combines all of the elements of communication. a. Illustration b. Music c. Spoken Words d. Written words Now, Television is recognized as the strongest media tool for the success of any business globally. We can have short commercials as well as sponsored programs combining entertainment with advertisement that affects international business globally. Computers & Internet Before the advent computer, internet and the age of technology, business was done mostly inside the four walls of the office. Technology advancement is responsible for todays visible changes in the field of business, particularly in international business. Now that almost every home and office is equipped with the desktop computers, laptop computers and Internet, it has become easier to access information and learn about developing economic trends, business and issues as well as gather data on foreign markets, cultures, and policies.

The Internet revolution is no different; it too affects human conditions, economic growth, and the manner in which commerce operates. The Internet has already begun to shape how international business is managed. However, as the Internet permeates the fabric of the worlds cultures, the biggest changes are yet to come. Conclusion The technology boom has also made it easier for businesses to deal with foreign investments. Furthermore, technology has changed the way we work and the way we deal with business matters. Relationships between suppliers, retailers, producers, and consumers have taken on a new level. International business dealings are easier to undertake through the use of various technological features like the Internet. Telecommunications advancement has also transformed the way we handle transactions and the decision making part of the business through the use of video conferencing and conference calls. It has brought simplicity into the concept of effective communication. Technology has also provided positive advancements in the field of media. Increased media capabilities can help international businesses improve their productivity through medias various means of reaching out to the public. Once a companys productivity level improves, profits can double or triple. Clearly, technology has affected international business in many positive ways. Industry experts believe that globalization, which is what international business is all about; will not be possible without technology. With technology, the means for greater company growth has become as easy as pressing buttons or clicking the mouse. An underpinning of all commerce is effective communications, knowledge of where goods and services exist and where they are needed and the ability to communicate instantaneously across vast distances. Facilitating the expansion of trade have been continuous improvements in electronic communications.