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Instruction Manual

PRISMIC T20 POWER SYSTEM STABILISER

Manual No: HB959204500 Document No: TP0000376 Issue: A Date: 4 September 2003

Brush Electrical Machines Ltd. PO Box 18, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 1HJ, England Telephone: +44 (1509) 611511 Telefax: +44 (1509) 610440 E-Mail: sales@bem.fki-et.com Web Site: http://www.fki-et.com/bem

PRISMIC T20 Power System Stabiliser Manual No: HB959204500 CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION TO MANUAL ................................................................................................................. 4 1.1 General................................................................................................................................................ 4 1.2 How To Use The Manual .................................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Copies ................................................................................................................................................. 5 1.4 Feedback............................................................................................................................................. 5 1.5 Service & Spares................................................................................................................................. 5 1.6 Contact Address.................................................................................................................................. 5 1.7 Health & Safety At Work Act (1974).................................................................................................... 5 1.8 Protection And Monitoring Devices ..................................................................................................... 6 2 EU DIRECTIVES ........................................................................................................................................ 7 3 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 8 4 THEORY OF OPERATION ........................................................................................................................ 9 5 SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................................................................... 12 6 T20 STRUCTURE AND SETTINGS ........................................................................................................ 13 7 INTERFACES........................................................................................................................................... 16 8 INSTALLATION ...................................................................................................................................... 18 8.1 Mounting............................................................................................................................................ 18 8.2 Wiring ................................................................................................................................................ 18 8.3 Connections To Excitation Controllers .............................................................................................. 18 8.3.1 General ...................................................................................................................................... 18 8.3.2 CAN Connections ...................................................................................................................... 18 8.3.3 Analogue Connections............................................................................................................... 19 8.3.4 PRISMIC A10 Excitation Controller Connections ...................................................................... 20 8.3.5 PRISMIC A30 Excitation Controller Connections ...................................................................... 21 9 PARAMETER SETTINGS........................................................................................................................ 22 9.1 ADC Analogue/Digital Converter....................................................................................................... 22 9.2 The Sensor Stage ............................................................................................................................. 23 9.2.1 Sensor Parameter Setting.......................................................................................................... 23 9.2.2 Checking Sensor Functions ....................................................................................................... 23 9.3 The PSS2A Functionality Stage........................................................................................................ 25 9.3.1 PSS2A Parameter Setting ......................................................................................................... 25 9.4 The Output Stage .............................................................................................................................. 26 9.5 The DAC Stage ................................................................................................................................. 26 9.6 Setting System Variables .................................................................................................................. 27 10 COMMISSIONING ................................................................................................................................ 28 10.1 Commissioning Tools ........................................................................................................................ 28 10.2 Commissioning PC............................................................................................................................ 28 10.3 Commissioning Procedures ............................................................................................................. 28 10.3.1 Preliminary Check ...................................................................................................................... 28 10.3.2 Check Of Sensors ...................................................................................................................... 28 10.3.3 Response Testing ..................................................................................................................... 28 10.4 Setting And Changing Parameters.................................................................................................... 29 10.5 Automatic ADC Drift Compensation.................................................................................................. 30 10.6 Event Logging And Data Recording.................................................................................................. 31 10.6.1 Save Presets To File.................................................................................................................. 31 10.6.2 Save All Registers To File.......................................................................................................... 31 10.6.3 View Event Log .......................................................................................................................... 31 10.6.4 Set Event Log File...................................................................................................................... 32 10.6.5 Analogue Data Logging ............................................................................................................. 32 10.7 Testing Signal Input And Internal Generation ................................................................................... 34 10.7.1 Test Signal Setting..................................................................................................................... 34 10.8 Timed Testing Record ....................................................................................................................... 36 10.9 Testing Of Individual PSS Filter Branches ........................................................................................ 37 10.10 Fast ADC Data Acquisition ............................................................................................................ 38 10.10.1 Fast ADC Data Acquisition Enable/Disable ........................................................................... 39 10.10.2 Fast ADC Data Acquisition Editing......................................................................................... 39 10.10.3 Fast ADC Data Acquisition Recording ................................................................................... 40 11 MAINTENANCE ................................................................................................................................... 41
HB959204500 (A) T20 PSS.doc Brush Electrical Machines Ltd. 2003

Issue: A

Date: 4 September 2003

Page: 2 of 43

PRISMIC T20 Power System Stabiliser Manual No: HB959204500 Issue: A Date: 4 September 2003 Page: 3 of 43

11.1 Troubleshooting................................................................................................................................. 41 12 APPENDIX A - SWITCH AND LINK SETTINGS ................................................................................. 42 12.1 Switch SW1 - Signalling ................................................................................................................... 42 12.2 Switch SW2 - Configuration ............................................................................................................. 42 12.3 Links .................................................................................................................................................. 42 13 APPENDIX B - SPARE PARTS ........................................................................................................... 43

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PRISMIC T20 Power System Stabiliser Manual No: HB959204500 1 1.1 Issue: A Date: 4 September 2003 Page: 4 of 43

INTRODUCTION TO MANUAL General The purpose of this manual is to provide information and advice on supplied equipment. Warning symbols used in the manual are as follows:

Mandatory Notice - Instruction to be followed.

Danger, General - Caution to be exercised. Appropriate safety measures to be taken.

Danger, Electricity - Caution to be exercised. Appropriate safety measures to be taken.

Danger, Harmful or Irritating - Caution to be exercised. Appropriate safety measures to be taken. Information is given for guidance only. We do not accept any responsibility for the manner in which the information is used, nor the consequences thereof. The design and manufacture of equipment is subject to constant review and as a result the information provided herein may vary from that manufactured. Verbal or written modifications to the information contained herein have no legal status unless confirmed in writing by the Technical Director or his nominated deputy. The manual, and any amendments, should be maintained for the lifetime of the equipment.

It is important that any persons responsible for equipment installation, commissioning, operation and maintenance, are provided with access to this manual. 1.2 How To Use The Manual Prior to undertaking any installation, commissioning, operation or maintenance activities on the equipment, it is recommended that this manual, and any associated documentation, should be read in their entirety in order to gain an understanding of system operation. The manual is written as a 'stand-alone' document, but should be read in conjunction with any referenced or associated documentation. All pages and topic headings are numbered for easy reference. Cross-reference(s) to associated paragraphs and documentation is included where appropriate. When referencing particular paragraphs in communications, it is important to specify the Manual Number and the Issue Reference. Referenced drawings are attached as additional (unnumbered) pages.

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PRISMIC T20 Power System Stabiliser Manual No: HB959204500 1.3 Issue: A Date: 4 September 2003 Page: 5 of 43

Copies Additional copies of the latest available version of manuals can be obtained from our Service Department at the contact address given hereafter. A nominal charge may be made for this service. The information provided remains the copyright of Brush Electrical Machines Ltd., and is not to be copied or disclosed to a third party without the written approval of the Technical Director at the contact address given hereafter.

1.4

Feedback We are constantly seeking to improve the quality and reliability of our products, and we actively encourage user feedback. Any comments should be addressed to your usual representative, or to our Service Department at the contact address given hereafter.

1.5

Service & Spares Quotations for Service and Spares can be obtained from our Service Department at the contact address given hereafter. Authorised users can also access spare parts information provided at the Web Site address given hereafter.

1.6

Contact Address Brush Electrical Machines Ltd. PO Box 18 Loughborough Leicestershire LE11 1HJ England Telephone: +44 (1509) 611511 (Switchboard) Telefax: +44 (1509) 612436 (Service Department) E-Mail: Web Site: service.sales@bem.fki-et.com spares.sales@bem.fki-et.com http://www.fki-et.com/bem

1.7

Health & Safety At Work Act (1974) The information hereunder is supplied in accordance with Section 6 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 with respect to the duties of manufacturers, designers and installers in providing health and safety information to Customers. The information advises of reasonably foreseeable risks involved with the safe installation, commissioning, operation, maintenance, dismantling, cleaning or repair of products supplied by Brush Electrical Machines Ltd. Every precaution should be taken to minimise risk. When acted upon, the following precautions should considerably minimise the possibility of hazardous incidents. Delivery Checks: Check for damage sustained during transport. Damage to packing cases must be investigated in the presence of an Insurance Surveyor. Installation: Where installation is made by engineers other than Brush Electrical Machines Ltd. personnel, the equipment should be installed by suitably qualified personnel in accordance with relevant legislation, regulations and accepted rules of the industry. In particular, the recommendations contained in the regulations with regard to the earthing (grounding) must be rigorously followed.

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PRISMIC T20 Power System Stabiliser Manual No: HB959204500 Electrical Installation: Issue: A Date: 4 September 2003 Page: 6 of 43

IMPROPER USE OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT IS HAZARDOUS. It is important to be aware that control unit terminals and components may be live to line and supply voltages. Before working on a unit, switch off and isolate it and all other equipment within the confines of the same control cubicle. Check that all earth connections are sound. WARNING: Suitable signs should be prominently displayed, particularly on switches and isolators, and the necessary precautions taken to ensure that power is not inadvertently switched on to the equipment whist work is in progress, or is not yet completed. Adjustment and fault finding on live equipment must be by qualified and authorised personnel only, and should be in accordance with the following rules: Read the Instruction Manual. Use insulated meter probes. Use an insulated screwdriver for potentiometer adjustment where a knob is not provided. Wear non-conducting footwear. Do not attempt to modify wiring. Replace all protective covers, guards, etc. on completion. Operation & Maintenance: Engineers responsible for operation and maintenance of equipment supplied under this contract should familiarise themselves with the information contained in this manual and with the recommendations given by manufacturers of associated equipment. They should be familiar also with the relevant regulations in force. It is essential that all covers are in place and that all guards and/or safety fences to protect any exposed surfaces and/or pits are fitted before the machine is started. All adjustments to the machine must be carried out whilst the machine is stationary and isolated from all electrical supplies. Replace all covers and/or safety fences before restarting the machine. When maintenance is being carried out, suitable WARNING signs should be prominently displayed and the necessary precautions taken to ensure power is not inadvertently switched on to the equipment whilst work is in progress, or is not yet complete. When power is restored to the equipment, personnel should not be allowed to work on auxiliary circuits, eg. Heaters, temperature detectors, current transformers etc. 1.8 Protection And Monitoring Devices

WARNING: It is essential that any protection or monitoring device for use with generators or ancillary equipment should be connected and operational at all times unless specifically stated otherwise herein. It should not be assumed that all necessary protection and monitoring devices are supplied as part of Brush Electrical Machines Ltd. scope of supply. Unless otherwise agreed, it is the responsibility of others to verify the correct operation of all protection and monitoring equipment, whether supplied by Brush Electrical Machines Ltd. or not. It is necessary to provide a secure environment that ensures operator safety and limits potential damage to the generator and ancillary equipment. If requested, Brush Electrical Machines Ltd. would be pleased to provide advice on any specific protection application issues or concerns.

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PRISMIC T20 Power System Stabiliser Manual No: HB959204500 2 EU DIRECTIVES Issue: A Date: 4 September 2003 Page: 7 of 43

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Brush Electrical Machines Ltd. 2003

PRISMIC T20 Power System Stabiliser Manual No: HB959204500 3 Issue: A Date: 4 September 2003 Page: 8 of 43

INTRODUCTION The PRISMIC T20 is a microprocessor based dual-input Power System Stabiliser that implements PSS2A functionality according to the IEEE Std421.5-1992, Article 8.2. Inputs to the stabiliser are speed, compensated frequency fC and electrical power P, which are signals are derived from current and voltage transformer inputs. The PRISMIC T20 Power System Stabiliser is a compact unit with steel sheet cover designed for fixing on a cubicle mounting plate, and it is suitable for connection to automatic voltage regulators for synchronous generators. The T20 is suitable for use on either brushless or static excitation systems. The T20 enables easy connection to any analogue or digital AVR that acceVTs a bipolar DC input for connection of a stabilising signal. A PC based HMI software tool is used for setting and commissioning.

Figure 1: PRISMIC T20 Power System Stabiliser

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Brush Electrical Machines Ltd. 2003

PRISMIC T20 Power System Stabiliser Manual No: HB959204500 4 Issue: A Date: 4 September 2003 Page: 9 of 43

THEORY OF OPERATION The purpose of a power system stabiliser is to dampen low-frequency swings of the synchronous generator rotor by way of an automatic voltage regulator. These electromechanical swings can be divided into three categories: Inter-Area Mode: Local Mode: Inter Unit Mode: Typical frequency range 0.2 - 0.5 Hz Typical frequency range 0.7 - 2.0 Hz Typical frequency range 1.5 - 3.0 Hz

Damping coefficients of synchronous generators are influenced mainly by the generator design, reactance of connection of the generator to the grid, and setting and quality of excitation system. Generally modulation of generator excitation can produce transient changes in generator electrical active power, whilst steady state electrical power remains equal to the mechanical input power. To supplement damping, a power system stabiliser must produce a component of electrical torque that opposes changes in rotor speed. Suitable input signals for damping are electrical active power Pe and shaft speed . The T20 dual input power system stabiliser uses both of these signals, which are evaluated from CTs and VTs situated on the generator terminals. Rotor speed is replaced by the frequency of internal generator voltage fc. The magnitude of internal generator voltage is proportional to the generator field and its position is tied to the q rotor axis. Therefore shifts in internal voltage phasor position correspond with the generator rotor position and the derived compensated frequency fc corresponds to the shaft speed. Derivation of the internal voltage phasor Uc is depicted graphically in Figure 2.
q - axis

Uc

j xq It

Ut

It 0

d - axis

Figure 2: Derivation Of Generator Voltages & Current When disturbed by a sudden change in operating conditions, the generator speed and electrical power Pe will vary around their steady state operating values. The relationship between these quantities can be expressed in a simplified form of the swing equation. Using per unit power and small deviations in rotor speed, the swing equation can be expressed as:

d 1 = (Pm Pe ) = 1 Pa dt 2H 2H
Equation 1 where Pm [pu] - mechanical power Pe [pu] - electrical power Pa [pu] - accelerating power H [MWs/MVA] - constant of inertia [rad/s] - angular speed of rotor

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Brush Electrical Machines Ltd. 2003

PRISMIC T20 Power System Stabiliser Manual No: HB959204500 Issue: A Date: 4 September 2003 Page: 10 of 43

By applying Laplace transform to Equation 1 and multiplying of both sides of equation with

1 we obtain: 1 + s2H
p m (s ) p e (s ) s 2 H (s ) = + 1 + s2H 1 + s2H 1 + s2H
Equation 2

Equation 2 can be represented graphically as:

s2H 1 + s2H 1 1 + s2H

+ +

Pe

Pm 1 + s2H

Figure 3: Reconstruction Of Mechanical Power The actual signal of mechanical power obtained in this way can contain disturbances caused by low frequency torsional oscillation. In order to eliminate them, the mechanical power signal is passed through a ramp-tracking filter that dampens oscillations on frequencies higher than approximately 4Hz. The corresponding block diagram is shown in Figure 4.

s2H 1 + s2H 1 1 + s2H

+ +

Pe

1 + sT8 M (1 + sT9 )

Pm 1 + s2H

Figure 4: Application Of Ramp Tracking Filter On Mechanical Power After subtracting the signal accelerating power

Pa , that is suitable to dampen oscillations (See Figure 5). 1 + s2H

Pe in accordance with Equation 1 and Equation 2 we obtain 1 + s2H

s2H 1 + s2H 1 1 + s2H

+ +

Pe

1 + sT8 M (1 + sT9 )

+ -

Pa 1 + s2H

Figure 5: Calculation Of Accelerating Power


HB959204500 (A) T20 PSS.doc Brush Electrical Machines Ltd. 2003

PRISMIC T20 Power System Stabiliser Manual No: HB959204500 Issue: A Date: 4 September 2003 Page: 11 of 43

In a practical power system stabiliser derivations of power and speed are used instead of actual power and speed. Reason is to damp oscillations but do not influence control. Deviations are realized by inserting of the washout filters with transfer function

sTw , that eliminate the dc 1 + sTw

components in both input signals. Phase shift of the output signal proportional to accelerating power must compensated for phase lag through generator, excitation and power system by two or three stages lead - lag filters with transfer function (1+sTi) / (1+sTj). The final structure of the power system stabiliser conforming with IEEE Std. 421.5-1992 is shown in Figure 6.

sTw1 1 + sTw1

sTw2 1 + sTw2

1 1 + sT6
+

1 + sT8 M (1 + sT9 )
+

_ +

K S3
P

sTw3 1 + sTw3

sTw4 1 + sTw4

Ks 2 1 + sT7

VSTM

K S1

1 + sT1 1 + sT2

1 + sT3 1 + sT4

1 + sT10 1 + sT5
-VSTM

VST

Figure 6: PSS2A Transfer Function

HB959204500 (A) T20 PSS.doc

Brush Electrical Machines Ltd. 2003

PRISMIC T20 Power System Stabiliser Manual No: HB959204500 5 Issue: A Date: 4 September 2003 Page: 12 of 43

SPECIFICATIONS 1) Type Dual Input PSS2A in accordance with IEEE Std421.5-1992, Article 8.2 2) Interfacing Power Supply: Sensing Inputs: Testing Input: Logic Inputs: Logic Outputs: Analogue Output: Communication Ports: 24V (18 to 30V DC) 3x 100V (90-120V), 2x 5 or 1A (Selectable) 1x 10V 4x 24V 4x 24 - 125V 1x 10V 1x RS232, 2x CAN

3) Electromagnetic Compatibility EN 61000-4-2 (electrostatic discharge) level 3, category B. EN 61000-4-3 (radiated electromagnetic field) level 3, category A. EN 61000-4-4 (burst immunity test) level 3, category A. EN 61000-4-2 (surge immunity) level 3, category B. EN55011 (conducted noise) class A. 4) Mechanical Enclosure Protection: Size (wxhxd): Weight: Fixing: IP20 272 x 153 x 48mm 1.32kg Cubicle mounting plate 4 x M5 nuts -25C to 55C -40C to +85C Up to 90% non-condensing

5) Environmental Operating Ambient Temperature: Storage Ambient Temperature: Relative Humidity:

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Brush Electrical Machines Ltd. 2003

PRISMIC T20 Power System Stabiliser Manual No: HB959204500 6 Issue: A Date: 4 September 2003 Page: 13 of 43

T20 STRUCTURE AND SETTINGS

Figure 7: T20 Internal Structure The T20 structure is shown in Figure 7. The main functional blocks (from signal input to signal output) are as follows: 1) ADC - Analogue/Digital Converter Signals from voltage and current sensing inputs connected to VTs and CTs on generator terminals are accurately sampled by six channel simultaneously acting 12 bit ADC with sample rate 24 samples per cycle. 2) Sensor Block of sensors uses sampled values to calculate input variables of power system stabiliser: P active electrical power fc frequency of internal generator voltage Other generator electrical quantities for testing, commissioning and diagnostics purposes are calculated simultaneously: Ut generator terminal voltage Ut1, Ut2, Ut3 generator terminal voltage in individual phases It generator terminal current It1,It2,It3 generator terminal current in individual phases S generator apparent power Q generator reactive power f frequency of generator terminal voltage fi phase angle between Ut and It Voltage, current, power and frequency is evaluated per unit, with 100% corresponding to the generator nominal values

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Brush Electrical Machines Ltd. 2003

PRISMIC T20 Power System Stabiliser Manual No: HB959204500 Issue: A Date: 4 September 2003 Page: 14 of 43

3) PSS2A This block includes a dual-input power system stabiliser according to the IEEE Std421.51992. Stabiliser inputs are speed, compensated frequency fC and electrical power P. The transfer function is shown in Figure 8. fC

sTw1 1 + sTw1

sTw2 1 + sTw2

1 1 + sT6

V1
+ +

V3

1 + sT8 M (1 + sT9 )

V4
+ _

K S3
P

sTw3 1 + sTw3

sTw4 1 + sTw4

Ks 2 1 + sT7

V2

VSTM

VST

V5

K S1

1 + sT1 1 + sT2

1 + sT3 1 + sT4

1 + sT10 1 + sT5
-VSTM

V6
Figure 8: PSS2A Transfer Function Where: fC KS1, KS2, KS3 M, N P T1, T3, T10 T2, T4, T5 T6,T7 T8,T9 Tw1,Tw2,Tw3,Tw4 V1,V2,V3,V4,V5,V6 VST VSTM,-VSTM compensated frequency, frequency of internal generator voltage stabiliser gain grade of torsional filter active electric power phase lead time constant phase lag time constant low pass filter time constant torsional filter time constants washout time constant power system stabiliser internal variables power system stabiliser output power system stabiliser output limit

4) Diagnostics This block includes three functions: Sensor diagnostics PSS Output diagnostics Hardware diagnostics When failure in evaluated PSS output status is changed and PSS output is disconnected from AVR input.
HB959204500 (A) T20 PSS.doc Brush Electrical Machines Ltd. 2003

PRISMIC T20 Power System Stabiliser Manual No: HB959204500 Issue: A Date: 4 September 2003 Page: 15 of 43

5) Control Logic This block provides soft switching of the power system stabiliser with the respect to T20 commands, T20 diagnostics, the level of active power and frequency deviation. 6) DAC 12 bit digital DAC converter with a voltage output in the range -10V to +10V is used for connection of the stabilising signal to the AVR input. 7) Testing Input Testing input is used for connection of external signal, measuring range is 10V, input signal is sampled by 10 bit ADC. A 10V input signal corresponds with 0.1pu (1pu = voltage reference setting). Usage of testing input is described in Clause 10.7.

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PRISMIC T20 Power System Stabiliser Manual No: HB959204500 7 Issue: A Date: 4 September 2003 Page: 16 of 43

INTERFACES The interconnection of T20 is designed to be safe and easy. Connectors of following types are used: CON1-CON4: RJ10 MALE CON5: D- SUB 9F CON6,CON7: COMBICON Spring Plug FKCT2,5/18-STF (included in delivery) Plug features: plug fixing: wire connection: number of positions: Conductor size: testing: screw flange, vibration resistant spring-cage 18 solid/stranded, 0.2 2,5mm2 testing plug 2 or 2.3mm

T20 interfaces are illustrated as follows:

Figure 9: T20 Interfaces 1) Feeding - CON7:13 to 18 24Vdc (18 to 30V) Testing voltage 500V, 50Hz/1min Consumption < 0,5A, internal resetable fuse 1,5A 2) Voltage Sensing Inputs - CON6:1 to 3 3x, 100V, (nominal 90-120V, 50 or 60Hz) Testing voltage 2000V, 50Hz/1min Burden<0.5VA

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PRISMIC T20 Power System Stabiliser Manual No: HB959204500 Issue: A Date: 4 September 2003 Page: 17 of 43

3) Current Sensing Inputs - CON6: 7 to 13 2x 5A or 2x 1A Testing voltage 2000V, 50Hz/1min Burden<0.5VA 4) Test Input - CON6:15,16 10V 10 bit resolution (galvanically separated) Testing voltage 500V, 50Hz/1min Input Resistance 100k 5) Analogue Output - CON7:11,12 10V galvanically separated 12 bit resolution Testing voltage 500V, 50Hz/1min Load resistance >2k 6) Digital Inputs - CON7:1 to 5 4x 24 V DC, common 0V terminal (only voltage free contacts required) Testing voltage 500V, 50Hz/1min 7) Digital Outputs - CON7:6 to10 4x 24V DC up to 125V DC, one pole is connected to common terminal Testing voltage 1500V, 50Hz/1min Continuous current <0.12A, short circuit protection 8) Commissioning Port - CON5 RS232 galvanically separated, Tx, Rx only, using 9way D male connector. Testing voltage 500V, 50Hz/1min 9) CAN Port 1 - CON3, 4 CAN port for communication of bias signal to excitation controller as alternative to analogue output. 12V power supply is included for feeding of CAN network, port is non separated. 10) CAN Port 2 - CON1, 2 CAN port for auxiliary communication links, galvanically separated, external feeding +12V necessary Testing voltage 500V, 50Hz/1min 11) LOCAL SIGNALLING - LED1LED5, SW1 T20 is equipped with five signalling LED's and accessible switch SW1, the meanings of LED1 to 4 are explained in the table on the T20 front panel, see Figure 10 below.

Figure 10: T20 Front Panel

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PRISMIC T20 Power System Stabiliser Manual No: HB959204500 8 8.1 INSTALLATION Mounting Equipment is designed to be cubicle mounted on a plate. Fixing is provided by means of four M5 screws. For drilling and required space see Figure 11.
12

Issue: A

Date: 4 September 2003

Page: 18 of 43

Space for mounting

4 x M5

PRISMIC T20 Power System Stabiliser

153

115 7 10

252 272

Figure 11: Mounting Details 8.2 Wiring It is recommended that the equipment is installed in accordance with the general practices outlined in IEC 61000-5-2 1997 and 61000-5-6. For excitation systems, for EMC purposes, signal and power cables may be classified as follows: High level signal cables - Voltage and current sensing. Low level signal cables: Analogue input terminal of AVR such as analogue output, testing input, communication cables (Individual shielded twisted pairs are recommended for these signals). Low frequency power cables: connections to auxiliary power supply, logical I/O. 8.3 8.3.1 Connections To Excitation Controllers General T20 connections to the AVR and associated devices are provided by means of the interfaces specified in Section 7. The AVR input gain KS4 (See Figure 7) can be set within range -5 to +5 (in 0.01 steps) which is suitable for most excitation controllers. These KS4 settings work with PSS analogue outputs and CAN communications. To verify the correct polarity, the PSS internally generated positive step testing signal can be used. A step increase in excitation current should be seen when the step signal is applied. 8.3.2 CAN Connections T20 CAN output connections are used as an alternative to analogue output connections for the input signal to modern AVR's such as the Brush PRISMIC A10 excitation controller.

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PRISMIC T20 Power System Stabiliser Manual No: HB959204500 8.3.3 Issue: A Date: 4 September 2003 Page: 19 of 43

Analogue Connections For AVR's having a suitable analogue input, such as the Brush PRISMIC A30 excitation controller, the T20 analogue output connections can be used. For optimal performance the following AVR analogue input parameters are necessary: Input range: 10V DC Input resistance >2.2k Gain of analogue input = 0.2* (gain of reference setting signal should be 1). * This value of gain provides best utilisation of T20 DAC and AVR ADC converters. A gain of analogue input in the range 0.2 to 1 can be used, but this may not provide optimal performance. The total gain of the stabilising signal (AVR input gain x KS4) must be equal to 1 as illustrated in the following table. AVR Input gain KS4 - PSS Output Scaling Total Gain 0.2 5 1 0.25 4 1 0.5 2 1 1 1 1

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PRISMIC T20 Power System Stabiliser Manual No: HB959204500 8.3.4 Issue: A Date: 4 September 2003 Page: 20 of 43

PRISMIC A10 Excitation Controller Connections

Figure 12: Connection Of A10 Excitation Controller To T20 (1A Current Sensing Inputs)

Figure 13: Connection Of A10 Excitation Controller To T20 (5A Current Sensing Inputs) CAN Cable Part Nos: Standard: 963245901 (2m) or 963245902 (4m) Mod.A: 963245903 (2m) or 963245904 (4m)

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PRISMIC T20 Power System Stabiliser Manual No: HB959204500 8.3.5 Issue: A Date: 4 September 2003 Page: 21 of 43

PRISMIC A30 Excitation Controller Connections

Figure 14: Connection Of A30 Excitation Controller To T20 (1A Current Sensing Inputs)

Figure 15: Connection Of A30 Excitation Controller To T20 (5A Current Sensing Inputs)

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Brush Electrical Machines Ltd. 2003

PRISMIC T20 Power System Stabiliser Manual No: HB959204500 9 Issue: A Date: 4 September 2003 Page: 22 of 43

PARAMETER SETTINGS The HMI software tool (See Section 10) is used for the setting of parameters and commissioning. HMI screens are divided according to the T20 main functional parts detailed in Section 6. ADC Analogue/Digital Converter Signals from VTs (voltage transformers) and CTs (current transformers) connected to T20 inputs are galvanically segregated by miniature accurate transformers which are sampled by a simultaneously acting six channel ADC. Channels CHA0, CHB0 and CHC0 are used to sample generator terminal voltage. Channels CHB1, CHC1, CHA1 are used to sample generator terminal current. For primary calibration of a new unit, eight adjustable parameters are used as illustrated in Figure 16. The first six parameters are drift compensations of individual channels, which can be adjusted according to the instruction in Clause 10.5. The remaining two parameters calibrate generator terminal current and generator terminal voltage measurements: Ut = 100% under T20 input voltage 100V and KUt=1 (See Figure 17) It = 100% under T20 input current 5A or 1 A and KIt =1 (See Figure 17)

9.1

Figure 16: ADC Settings The ADC variables window (See Figure 17) can be used for checking ADC variables and setting drift compensation.

Figure 17: ADC Variables

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PRISMIC T20 Power System Stabiliser Manual No: HB959204500 9.2 9.2.1 The Sensor Stage Sensor Parameter Setting Sensor parameters are used for calculation of per unit variables for the PSS2A block from ADC outputs. Four parameters (see Figure 18) must be set: fn - generator nominal frequency: 50 or 60Hz Ut scaling factor K Ut terminal voltage. It scaling factor K It Issue: A Date: 4 September 2003 Page: 23 of 43

100 , where UtIN is voltage at T20 terminals at generator nominal U tIN 5


for 5A input range or

I tIN

K It =

1 I tIN

for 1 A input range, where ItIN is

current into T20 terminals at generator nominal terminal current. Xq machine reactance - quadrature axis saturated synchronous reactance.

Figure 18: Sensor Setting 9.2.2 Checking Sensor Functions To check sensor functions there are three windows available. These are: Sensor Variables. Sensor Outputs. Sensor Diagnostics.

The sensor variables window (see Figure 19) includes values of individual phase voltages and currents and value of terminal frequency. When phase measurement is enabled, values of phase delays between first phase of voltage Ut1 and other phase voltages and currents are shown. This information is useful to check the correctness of T20 input signals from generator VTs and CTs.

Figure 19: Sensor Variables


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The sensor outputs window (see Figure 20) includes the following calculated output variables: Ut generator terminal voltage It generator terminal current S generator apparent power P active electrical power Q generator reactive power FI phase angle between Ut and It f frequency of generator terminal voltage fc frequency of internal generator voltage

Figure 20: Sensor Outputs The sensor diagnostics window (see Figure 21) includes results of diagnostic tests: Ut threshold terminal voltage level is sufficient for calculation of output variables It threshold terminal current level is sufficient for calculation of output variables Ut symmetry terminal voltage symmetry It symmetry terminal current symmetry Ut range terminal voltage is in generator operating range

Figure 21: Sensor Diagnostics

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The PSS2A Functionality Stage PSS2A Parameter Setting The PSS2A setting parameters are shown in Figure 22 below.

Figure 22: PSS2A Settings For checking of PSS2A input, output and internal variables it s possible to use the PSS2A variables window (see Figure 23). It is also possible to check value of T20 control bits in the same window.

Figure 23: PSS2A Variables

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The Output Stage The output window (see Figure 24) shows the following parameters: Output Scaling KS4 KS4 enables fine set of output gain to accommodate T20 to individual AVR types (see Clause 8.3). KS4 can be set for polarity and parameters on both analogue and CAN PSS outputs. Pmin Minimum Active Power Pmin specifies level of active generator power for automatic PSS switch ON, below this level is PSS OFF. Active power is a PSS input variable and appropriate stabilising signal can not be generated for values close to zero. PSS Output Diagnostics Evaluates output from PSS2A block, when the Error Level of PSS Output is overridden for time higher than Delay of PSS output Diagnostics. When a failure is evaluated the output of PSS is disconnected from AVR input. Time Ramps For Soft Switch ON/OFF To provide soft switch ON/OFF , the PSS output signal is multiplied by the signal from ramp function that increases from 0 to 1 during ton in the case of PSS switching ON, or from 1 to 0 during toff in the case of PSS the switching OFF, see Figure 7.

Figure 24: Output Settings 9.5 The DAC Stage The DAC stage window (see Figure 25) enables the analogue output to be set zero.

Figure 25: DAC Setting

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Setting System Variables The system variables window enables display of the following system variables (See Figure 26): SW version - Version number of the T20 software. Flash CRC - Flash memory control checksum. Switch 2 position - Actual position of the SW2 switch on board. Bxx time - Duration of the B-level computation (PSS logic computation lower priority). Txx time - Duration of PSS algorithm computation (higher priority). CAN error - CAN error indicator (1=error). Reset counter - Counter of T20 resets. Time - T20 local time.

Figure 26: T20 System Variables

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PRISMIC T20 Power System Stabiliser Manual No: HB959204500 10 10.1 COMMISSIONING Commissioning Tools Standard RS232 Cable 9F/9F. HMI Software Package Commissioning PC PC with Windows 95/98/2000 or XP operating system, and RS232 serial port. Commissioning Procedures Preliminary Check Prior to commissioning the T20, it is important to complete commissioning of the protection system for the generator and associated power equipment. Having verified that these are correct the following preliminary checks should be made on the power system stabiliser and AVR: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) Visually check that the T20 has not been physically damaged during transit to site. Ensure that the T20 side fixing is solidly earthed (grounded). Check that the T20 is correctly connected to the AVR. Check that all wiring external to the T20 is secure and in line with the contract circuit diagram. Check the connection of the incoming voltage (24V DC) Check that the software version and check sum is correct Check that the sensing signals (CTs and VTs) are correct in polarity and phase angles. Issue: A Date: 4 September 2003 Page: 28 of 43

10.2 10.3 10.3.1

The T20 is now ready for commissioning as detailed below. The following information should be read in conjunction with any specific contract commissioning instructions. 10.3.2 Check Of Sensors Checking of sensors is undertaken using the HMI with the loaded generator connected to the grid. Use the Sensor Variables window (see Figure 19) to check values of phase currents, phase voltages and frequency, and to check phase angles between voltages and currents. Values in the window must correspond both with the generator operating point and with the values provided by station measuring instrumentation. Symptom Wrong phase angles Difference in voltage between T20 and instrumentation Difference in currents between T20 and instrumentation Action Verify connection of T20 sensing inputs and correct as necessary. Verify voltage scaling factor (See Clause 9.2) and correct as necessary. Verify current sensing factor (See Clause 9.2) and correct as necessary.

Select the Sensor output window (See Figure 20) to check values of Ut (generator terminal voltage), It (generator terminal current), P (active electrical power), Q (generator reactive power). Values in the window must correspond both with generator operating point and with the values provided by station measuring instrumentation. 10.3.3 Response Testing External equipment or the built in analogue data logging feature (See Clause 10.6.5) can be used for response testing and verification of PSS settings. The built in analogue data logging testing signal can be provided from an external device connected to the T20 tested input CON6:15,16, or an internally generated testing signal (See Clause 10.7).

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Setting And Changing Parameters The setting and changing parameters facility is provided through HMI software package.

Figure 27: Setting And Changing Parameters Screen To change a parameter: 1) Go to the Menu Presets 2) There are two kinds of presets Operator Preset (for Users), or Maintenance Preset (higher level access for software developers etc.). 3) Choose Operator Preset and select one of displayed options. 4) The relevant table will appear. 5) Right click on the line showing the parameter required to be changed. 6) The Enter Password screen will appear. 7) Type the Password and press OK button (See Figure 28). 8) The Edit Preset window will appear (See Figure 29). Set the required change using the up and down buttons, then press the Transmit button. This completes the change.

Figure 28: Enter Password Screen HMI default passwords: Operator password: 123456 Maintenance password: 441509611511

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Figure 29: Edit Preset Window The Edit Preset window closes after approximately 60 seconds, or when closed manually. Whilst the window is open other parameters can be changed, without the need for a password, by repeating steps 5) and 8) above. Closing the Edit Preset window requires the password in order to change a parameter. 10.5 Automatic ADC Drift Compensation

Warning: Disconnect all T20 AC inputs (current and voltage) before using this feature. Warning: The use of this feature is recommended for commissioning purposes only and is not to be used during PSS normal operation. During the ADC drift compensation, several measurements with zero inputs are made. The average values obtained for each channel are used to compensate the output values in order to maintain zero outputs. To procedure for automatic ADC drift compensation is as follows: 1) It is recommended that the ADC Variables window is opened to confirm that changes made have been completed (See Figure 30).

Figure 30: ADC Variables Window 2) Click on the Modules icon in the lower left corner of the main HMI program window (See Figure 31).

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Figure 31: Modules Icon 3) A password input dialog will appear. 4) Type in the correct Password and press the OK button. 5) The Modules options window as shown in Figure 32 will appear near the Modules icon.

Figure 32: Modules Option Window 6) 7) 8) 9) Select the AD_ext Drift Adjust Enable option. A confirmation dialog will appear. Confirm your option if required. Following confirmation, the ADC drift compensation is done automatically. If required, check the results in the ADC Variables window.

Note: The ADC drift compensation value can also be set manually for each channel. It can be set in the Preset Display - T20 ADC Setting Table by following the parameter setting procedure detailed in Clause 9.6. 10.6 Event Logging And Data Recording Note: This clause describes how to record measured data and events and save them as a file to disk. The standard HMI trending feature can be used to view the actual measured value. Enter the main HMI Menu - Logging to select one of the five options illustrated in Figure 33.

Figure 33: Logging Options 10.6.1 Save Presets To File When chosen, a save file dialog appears. Enter the path and new filename. All actual presets (operator and maintenance) will be saved into this file filename.csv. Save All Registers To File When chosen, a save file dialog appears. Enter the path and new filename. The contents of all HR registers will be saved into desired file. View Event Log Displays an event log window (content is automatically updated when event occurs). The events history (T20 power ONs, logical variables changes, control variables changes etc.) are stored. Two options are available:
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10.6.2

10.6.3

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Set event log file Opens a save file dialog to save event log to a desired file. Clear log entries All log entries are deleted from the actual log file (but events logging still continues).

Set Event Log File Opens a save file dialog to save event log to a desired file. Analogue Data Logging Up to four sets of recordings are possible, and each set can contain up to 8 recorded variables. Recorded data stored in the T20 memory can be transferred to a file on the User's PC on Users if required. Each variable sample is 2 bytes and the total size of the recording is limited by 32kB of T20 memory. Recording options can be configured. If configured improperly i.e. the recording options exceed the available memory, it is automatically set the closest allowable configuration. Data already stored in the T20 memory are lost when the logging configuration is changed. The Analog data logging feature is accessible through Menu - Logging - Analog data logging. When this feature is selected the following Analog data recording window appears:

Figure 34: Analogue Data Recording Window 1) Recordings Select This determines the record number to be downloaded from the T20. Only non-active (already stored) records can be downloaded. The record number that can be chosen depends on the actual recording configuration e.g. Record set 4 cannot be selected if the data recording count is set 3 only. Download Recording To PC Pushing this button downloads the chosen records stored in T20 to the PC and saves it to a temporary file. Save Recording To Disk The Save File dialog appears and selected recording set number is saved to a specified file - filename.csv. To save a record to a file:
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Select appropriate non-active record set number. Download recording to PC. Save recording to disk.

2) Trigger To Start Recording Automatic Trigger Variable Displays the logical variable, which starts the trigger. The trigger is started when the logical state changes from False to True. Send Manual Start Trigger The trigger can be started manually when this button is pushed. (In the current version of software the trigger is started automatically. This button is reserved for use with future software versions. Send Manual Stop Trigger The trigger can be stopped manually when this button is pushed. The record stops when Sample count after is reached. 3) Recording Configuration Displays the recording configuration. Data Recording Count Number of sets of records (up to 4) Active Data Recording Number of recording set to which data is actually being written. Only one recording set can be active. It is active (and being continuously rewritten when full) until it is stopped with manual or automatic trigger and the sample count after is reached. The record remains saved in T20 memory and the next set becomes active. The active data recording set represents a circular buffer to which data is written. It also contains time information so that it can be downloaded from theT20 in the correct order. Sample Count Before Trip Number of samples which will be recorded before the trigger event. Sample Count After Number of samples which will be recorded after the trigger event. Note: The sum of sample counts after and before should not exceed the maximum sample count associated with one variable. Sample Rate (ms) The rate of storing the samples to the memory (same for all variables, set in multiples of 5ms intervals). Variables 1 To 8 Recorded variables (displayed HR reg. addresses and names) 4) Edit Recording Configuration When this button is pushed, a Password Enter dialog appears. Enter the correct operator password (see Clause 10.4) and press the OK button, and the Analog data recording edit configuration window will appear (See Figure 35). The previously described Recording configuration options can now be set (See Item 3) above. After completing the required settings, push the Send recording configuration button. When the acknowledgement window appears, press OK to exit the Edit configuration window. Note: After sending new recording configuration to the T20, all previously stored data records will be lost.

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Figure 35: Analogue Data Recording - Edit Configuration Window 10.7 Testing Signal Input And Internal Generation For testing purposes e.g. modulation of the AVR set value to evaluate PSS response, a testing signal can be added to PSS output. The testing signal is added to the location shown in Figure 7, and can be external or internally generated. The testing signal, if enabled, is restricted by the same conditions as the PSS parameters i.e. measured values within a certain range, appropriate logical values, diagnostic OK etc. 1) Testing Signal Parameters Testing signal amplitude is set in % of Vref (AVR set value). 2) External Testing Signal Any analogue signal connected to analogue testing input CON6: 15,16. Its amplitude should not exceed 5 V. It is sampled by 10 bit ADC, 10 V input signal represents 0.1 p.u (10 % of Vref). The external testing signal is limited by HMI TestAmpl variable, which is accessible and configurable through the Menu Presets Operator Preset T20 Test Signal Setting. Setting of this variable limits both internal and external testing signal amplitude (maximum amplitude is 0.05p.u.). 3) Internal Testing Signal Internally generated sinusoidal or step signal. Amplitude can be set up to +5 % of Vref (TestAmpl HMI variable). Frequency can be set within range 0 - 10 Hz. A step signal is generated when zero frequency is set. 10.7.1 Test Signal Setting When the Presets - Operator Preset - T20 Test Signal Setting menu is selected, follow the procedure detailed in Clause 10.4 (Setting And Changing Parameters) and the following window will appear which allows internal testing signal to be set:

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Figure 36: Test Signal Setting Window TestAmpl Setting of amplitude of internally generated testing signal, also limits external testing signal amplitude. TestFreq Setting of frequency of internally generated testing signal. Zero frequency represents step signal. FTEST Filters Testing Status (See Clause 10.9). FTGEXP Filters Testing Gain Exponent (See Clause 10.9).

Note: FTEST and FTGEXP are used to test individual PSS filter branches (See Clause 10.9). For normal testing signal generation the FTEST parameter should be set to zero. 1) Triggering Of The Testing Signal Manual enable/disable. The signal is generated immediately after confirming enable option. Go to Modules Icon, enter and confirm password then choose either the internal test signal enable/disable, or the external test signal enable/disable option, and confirm. If both internal and external test signals are enabled in error, both test signals are automatically disabled. 2) Test Signal Enable/Disable Click on the Modules Icon in the lower left corner of the main HMI window (Figure 30). A password dialog appears. Type correct password and press OK button. Modules options window appears near the Modules icon (see Figure 32). Choose the appropriate option (enable or disable appropriate test signal). Confirm your option. Changes take place automatically. 3) Test Signal Display Select Menu - Display - 7. T20 Test Signal Display and the following window will appear:

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Figure 37:Test Signal Display Window Setting: Measuring: Test Data: Record: Filters Testing: Displays internal testing signal amplitude and frequency. Displays the actual value of the testing signal. Displays which testing signal is enabled See Item 0 below. Displays the number of currently tested PSS filter block, value of its output (Variable SIG2) and input (Variable SIG1) and set scaling gain constant (See Clause 10.9).

10.8

Timed Testing Record Timed Testing Record is a special record mode for testing purposes e.g. recording step response, test signal response, or appropriate event at the right time. This feature is accessible and configurable through Menu - Logging - Analog Data Logging. See Section 10.6 in particular Clause 10.6.5. Timed Testing Record (when enabled) runs in the same way as normal Analogue Data Logging, including record configuration, saving the record etc. The only difference is that it is controlled (trigger stopped) by a special logical variable (the Testing Record Status variable) when a special trigger event occurs. Two conditions must be met to start this mode of recording: 1) Timed Testing Record - Enabled through Modules - Timed Testing Record Enable (see Figure 31 and Figure 32). 2) Special logical control variable must be set - Menu Logging Analog Data Logging Edit Recording Configuration - Automatic trigger variable Choose Testing Record Status variable from the list. And configure the other record properties according to Section 10.6. After both conditions are met and the appropriate setting saved and changes confirmed, the record automatically starts and its initial conditions are saved i.e. value of VSTM (PSS output limit), internal test signal status and external test signal status (enabled or disabled). The logical variable Testing Record Status is to stop the Timed Testing Record when an event occurs and the Sample Count After is reached. Events that stop the recording are: Change in the setting of VSTM (PSS output limit) during the record i.e. change from zero to non zero value or vice-versa.

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Change in the Internal Test Signal Status. Change in the External Test Signal Status.

When stopped the record remains saved in T20 memory. Another recording set automatically starts and the new set of initial conditions are saved. 10.9 Testing Of Individual PSS Filter Branches Individual PSS filter branches can be tested by an internal or external testing signal when the special setting activated. During these tests, the PSS is algorithm disabled, and only the tested branch, testing signal input and generation, and analogue data logging are activated. There is no limiting of the filter output except for the output DAC converter range. Output of the tested filter is connected to PSS analogue output and logged into memory. CAN communication is disabled. Details of current testing configuration can be displayed through following windows: Menu - Display - 7. T20 Test Signal Display (See Figure 36). Menu - Presets - Operator Preset - T20 Test Signal Setting (See Figure 37). 1) To test the filters, select the required testing signal. If an internally generated testing signal is selected set the parameters in accordance with Clause 10.7 and Figure 36. If an external testing signal is selected connect the signal to CON6: 15,16. 2) Choose the filter section to be tested. Four filter sections can each be separately tested. See Figure 8 in Section 6. Select Menu - Presets - Operator Preset - T20 Test Signal Setting and follow the procedure described in Clause 10.4 (Setting And Changing Parameters). The T20 Test Signal Setting window will appear (see Figure 36). Set the testing signal frequency and amplitude (if not already set) and choose the filter section to be tested by setting appropriate FTEST parameter as follows: FTEST=1: Washout Filters Of Speed Input See Figure 8. Filters between compensated frequency input and variable V1. FTEST=2: Washout Filters Of Active Power Input See Figure 8. Filters between active power input and variable V2 FTEST=3: Torsional (Ramp-Tracking) Filter See Figure 8. Filter between variables V3 and V4 FTEST=4: 3 Lead-Lag Stages See Figure 8. Filters between variables V5 and V6 FTEST=0 Filter testing disabled, normal PSS function possible. Mandatory setting when filter testing finished. 3) Additional filter output gain setting FTGEXP should be used for scaling the tested filter output. This should be set if the filter has too low or too high gain and the analogue output signal (or integer converted stored data) becomes too small and noisy (and would be damaged by the DAC or integer conversion, resulting in insufficient resolution), or when it becomes too strong. Use this scaling to obtain a clear output for accurate verification of the filters transfer function (phase and amplitude). This scaling is then part of the filter transfer function. Note: FTGEXP is inactive when FTEST=0. Go to Menu - Presets - Operator Preset - T20 Test Signal Setting and follow procedure described in Clause 10.4 (Setting And Changing Parameters). The T20 Test Signal Setting window will appear (See Figure 36). Set the testing signal frequency and amplitude (if not already set), and choose the filter output scaling gain by setting appropriate FTGEXP parameter (Can be set within the range -3/0/+3 as a logarithmic exponent i.e. the gain can be set 1/1000, 1/100, 1/10, 1, 10, 100, 1000. 4) Input testing signal to the filter (internally or externally generated testing signal) is inside T20 stored under variable SIG1.
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Output of the tested filter is stored under variable SIG2. It is also connected to PSS analogue output CON7:11,12 These variables can be downloaded by both Analogue data logging and by Timed Testing Record (which is a special case of Analog data logging feature). 5) Connection of the testing signal to the chosen filter input is accessible using the following procedure: Modules - Enter and confirm password - choose Internal test signal enable/disable or External test signal enable/disable option and confirm (See Clause 10.7). 6) Recording and downloading of the filter testing signal and output can be achieved by using the Analogue data logging feature or the Timed Testing Record feature. There are no special conditions or exceptions. To configure, run and download the records as described in Clauses 10.6.5 and 10.7. The filter input signal is stored as SIG1 variable, filter output is stored as SIG2 variable. They can be selected in the record configuration. When Timed Testing Record enabled, the record starts automatically after enabling the testing signal input. 7) When the filter tests are finished, set the FTEST parameter detailed in Item 2) above, to FTEST=0 to enable the PSS continue functioning, and disable the testing signal input and generation.

Figure 38: Example Of Record Configuration Display During Filter Testing 10.10 Fast ADC Data Acquisition For commissioning purposes and external ADC measured signals troubleshooting, it is possible to log measured data directly from the external ADC converter (measured terminal AC quantities).

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The main difference between this type of data acquisition and Analogue data logging as described in Clause 10.6.5 is that a shorter sampling interval is possible using Fast ADC Data Acquisition. All six ADC channels (line voltages and terminal currents) have sampling rate 24 samples per 1 net period, which results in a sampling period of 0.833ms (50 Hz. net) or 0.684ms (60 Hz. net). For fast data acquisition analogue data logging, which has a minimum sampling period of 5ms, the displayed time scale in fast ADC data acquisition will not be valid, and logged traces will have the wrong time scale i.e. displayed time will be Configured Sample Rate/Actual Sample Rate times longer. Samples are taken and stored 24/1 net period, but displayed with Set Sample Rate in the Analogue Data Logging configuration, thus all samples are displayed in correct order, but with a longer time scale. When Fast ADC data acquisition is active, the data from all six ADC channels are recorded (i.e. stored and displayed in the output file) in the order of Ut1, Ut2, Ut3, It1, It2, It3. The data is recorded after drift compensation, in a signed integer form. When the reactive power is zero O (Q=0) the voltage Uti is phase advanced by 30 compared to the current Iti (i = index of the phase). 10.10.1 Fast ADC Data Acquisition Enable/Disable 1) Click on the Modules Icon in the lower left corner of the main HMI window (See Figure 31). A password dialog appears. 2) Type correct password and press OK button. 3) A Modules options window appears near the Modules icon (see Figure 32). 4) Select Fast ADext Data Logging Enable (or Disable as appropriate) and confirm. Changes take place automatically. Note: Enabling the Fast ADC Data Acquisition feature overrides the Analogue Data Logging feature. It only uses some of the Analogue Data Logging configured options. Note: It is mandatory that the Fast ADC Data Acquisition feature is configured for 6 recorded variables complete with any 6 existing variables names which are used to store the data obtained from the ADC. 10.10.2 Fast ADC Data Acquisition Editing The procedure for editing the Fast ADC Data Acquisition configuration is detailed hereafter. The remainder of the logging process is the same as described in Clause 10.6.5. Analog data logging edit configuration ( When Fast ADext Data Logging enabled, See Clause 10.6.5 and Figure 35. Select Menu - Logging - Analog data logging - Edit Recording configuration Data Recording Count Enter a valid value. Active Data Recording Enter a valid value. Sample Count Before Trip Enter a valid value. Sample Count After Enter a valid value (200 samples recommended i.e. approximately 8 periods of net frequency) Sample Rate (ms) Not valid. This setting only affects the time scale of the output file, but physically the samples are recorded with sample rate 24/1 net period. However, their displayed period will be the set Sample rate i.e. displayed time will be (Sample rate/ Actual sample rate) times longer. Variables 1 to 8 Fill in the names of variables 1 to 6 (MANDATORY). A formal character is necessary to store the names in the output file. Generally there can be any 6 HMI accessible variable names (even 6 of the same names). ADC data (6 channels) will be saved under these names to the output *.csv file.
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It is recommended to use variables Ut1, Ut2, Ut3, It1, It2, It3, because the logged variables are really 3 voltages and 3 currents (but taken directly from the ADC - actual values of variables Ut1, Ut2, Ut3, It1, It2, It3 as used in the HMI represent effective values) Automatic Trip Formal character, not used.

After editing the configuration press the Send configuration button. 10.10.3 Fast ADC Data Acquisition Recording Select Menu - Logging - Analogue data logging and follow the same procedure as in Clause 10.6.5. All options (including downloading the traces to the PC) work the same way. In case of Fast ADC data acquisition a manual start/stop trigger operation is assumed.

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PRISMIC T20 Power System Stabiliser Manual No: HB959204500 11 Issue: A Date: 4 September 2003 Page: 41 of 43

MAINTENANCE The T20 Power System Stabiliser is completely solid state apart from switches, and requires very little maintenance. It is recommended that the T20 is inspected approximately every 12 months to check for excessive dust build-up, and to confirm that all connections are secure. Excessive quantities of dust should be removed with a soft brush. In common with generator protection systems, it is good practice to check the calibration and the correct operation of Power System Stabiliser annually. If required, Brush Service Department can provide this service.

WARNING: Take anti-static precautions when handling cards. Ensure that you are earthed (grounded) by clipping a wrist strap or similar device to the earth connection fitted to the mounting side fixings of the T20. Electronic cards can be damaged by static discharge and should be carried in anti-static protective containers wherever practicable. They should always be stored and transported in anti static bags or boxes. 11.1 Troubleshooting Symptom SW1- (in any position) LED5 does not light POWER ON ERROR Test / Check Measure voltage between terminals: a) X7: 18(+) and X7:15 Voltage should be 18-28V Check the polarity b) X7:17 (+) and X7:14 Voltage should be in the range 17-28V Use HMI to display generator terminal voltages and currents (See Clause 9.2) Use HMI to display PSS2A input, output and internal variables (See Clause 9.3) Use RESET pushbutton Use HMI to display position of SW switch (See Clause 9.6) Remedy Action If voltage a) and b) is OK replace unit. If voltage a) is OK and b) is not, disconnect wire X7:17. If H5 is lit determine the cause of overcurrent through X7:17, otherwise replace the unit If existing voltages or currents do not have correct values and phase angles correct the T20 input(s). Investigate and rectify as necessary. Replace the unit If SW2 is in position 4 (CAN is used for connection to the AVR) check cable between AVR and the T20.

SW1 -1 position LED1 is lit SENSING ERROR SW1-1 position LED2 is lit OUTPUT ERROR SW1-1 position LED3 is lit HADWARE ERROR SW1-1 position LED4 is lit CAN ERROR

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PRISMIC T20 Power System Stabiliser Manual No: HB959204500 12 12.1 Issue: A Date: 4 September 2003 Page: 42 of 43

APPENDIX A - SWITCH AND LINK SETTINGS Switch SW1 - Signalling Meaning State Error Commands Level OK Input Output LED1 Running Sensing ON Power CON7:1 CON7:6 LED2 Healthy Output Blocking Frequency CON7:2 CON7:7 LED3 HW CON7:3 CON7:8 LED4 CAN CON7:4 CON7:9 LED5 Power ON

Position 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 12.2

Switch SW2 - Configuration Meaning Testing - T20 piece test, testing rig is necessary Operation system only PSS2A for PRISMIC A30 AVR and other made AVRs PSS2A for PRISMIC A10 AVR Reserve Reserve Reserve Reserve Boot strap mode - loading of new program

Position 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 12.3

Links Link LK1 - CAN2(CON1, CON2) Terminating Resistor A 120R Link LK2 - CAN1(CON3, CON4) Terminating Resistor A 120R B None B None

POSITION Resistor value POSITION Resistor value

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APPENDIX B - SPARE PARTS Commissioning/Operational Spares To be advised. Strategic Spares To ensure maximum generator availability, it is recommended that a spare T20 Power System Stabiliser should be kept in storage. If ordered after the time of manufacture of the main equipment, it is important that your order specifies the serial number of the original unit, to enable the spare/replacement unit to be configured as the original.

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