VINAYAKA MISSIONS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Fourth Semester EEE

PROTECTION AND SWITCHGEAR

Question bank UNIT I PART A 1. Define protective relay. 2. What is a need for protective schemes? 3. Define protected zone. 4. Write the classification of protective relays. 5. What is a protective scheme? 6. What do you understand by a zone of protection? 7. Write a short note on power system earthing. 8. What is a primary protection? 9. What is a pick-up value? 10. Define back-up protection. 11. What are the various methods of providing back-up protection? 12. What is a back-up relay? 13. Name the types of back-up relays. 14. What are the types of faults? 15. Give the classification of Protective schemes. 16. Define Reliability. 17. Mention the essential quantities of protection? PART B 1. Discuss briefly the role of protective relays in a modern power system. 2. Explain about principles and need for protection schemes. 3. Explain the nature and causes of faults. 4. Briefly discuss the various types of faults involved in a electrical systems.. 5. Explain in details about zones of protection. 6. Discuss the essential qualities of a protective relay.

7. Narrate about protection schemes. UNIT-II Part-A 1. Define electromagnetic relay. 2. What are the types of electromagnetic relays? 3. Mention any two applications of electromagnetic relays. 4. Draw a neat diagram of shaded pole type induction disc relay. 5. Define time setting. 6. Define current setting. 7. What is a auxiliary relay? 8. Define Over current relay. 9. What is the Basic principle of Time-over current relays? 10. What are various types of over current relays? 11. Define Inverse definite minimum time relay. 12. Draw a phasor diagram for directional relay. 13. Draw the impedance relay characteristic on the R-X diagram. 14. Define differential relay. 15. What is a restraining factor? 16. What is a under frequency relay? 17. Draw the block diagram of under frequency relay. 18. Define static relays. 19. Define Amplitude comparator. 20. Define Phase comparator. 21. What is the difference between amplitude comparator and phase comparator? 22. Draw the vector diagram for amplitude comparator used for phase comparison. 23. What are the classifications of the electrical protective relays? 24. What is a comparator? 25. What is a static relay?

Part-B 1. Draw a neat sketch of an shaded pole type induction disc relays and discuss its Operating principle. 2. With a neat sketch of an wattmeter type induction-disc relay and discuss its operating principle. 3. Discuss the time-current characteristics of over current relays. 4. Derive the equation for torque developed in an induction relay. 5. Explain the help of neat diagram the construction and working principle of induction type directional power relay. 6. Explain the help of neat diagram the construction and working principle of induction type directional over current relay. 7. Explain the help of neat diagram the construction and working principle of distance or impedance relay. 8. Explain with the help of neat diagram the construction and working principle of Differential relay. 9. What is the operating principle of static relays? Explain. 10. Explain briefly about under frequency relay. UNIT-III Part-A 1. Mention some of the important fault which may occur on an alternator. 2. What are the main types of stator winding faults? 3. What are the relays used for transformer protection? 4. Mention the commonly used methods of line protection. 5. What are the factors affecting the choice of distance protection scheme of transmission lines? 6. Define discharge time 7. What are the types of protection for generators 8. What are the types of distance relays 9. What is a bus bar? How it is protected 10. What do you understand by field suppression of an alternator? 11. What are the limitations for differential protection of alternators?

12. What is meant by magnetizing inrush current? 13. What is buchholz relay? 14. What is a differential protection? 15. Explain briefly about Merz-price circulating current scheme. 16. What is the purpose of bus-bar protection? Part-B 1. Describe the important faults of an alternator. 2. Explain with neat diagram the application of Merz price circulating current principle for the protection of alternator. 3. Describe the construction and working of a Buchholz relay. 4. Describe the Merz price circulating current system for the protection of a transformer. 5. Write the short notes on i) ii) iii) i) ii) iii) Earth-fault protection for alternator. Combined leakage and over load protection for transformer. Earth fault protection for alternator. Radial feeder Parallel feeders Ring main system

2. Discuss the time graded over current protection for

3. Describe the differential pilot wire method of protection of feeders. 4. Explain the translay protection scheme for feeders. 5. Briefly explain the protection of bus bars 6. Briefly explain the protection of transmission lines& feeders UNIT-IV Part-A 1. Explain arc phenomenon. 2. What are the factors that affect arc resistance? 3. How the cooling does helps in arc extinction? 4. What is a arc voltage? 5. What are the various methods of arc interruption?

6. Write a short note on Recovery rate theory. 7. Define Restriking voltage. 8. What is a restraining voltage? 9. Define recovery voltage. 10. Derive the equation for damped frequency of oscillation. 11. What is RRRV? 12. Write a short note on Current chopping phenomenon. 13. What is resistance switching? 14. What is total break time 15. What is making capacity 16. What is short time rating Part-B 1. Discuss the arc phenomenon in a circuit breaker 2. Explain the various methods of arc extinction in a circuit breaker. 3. Derive an expression for Restriking voltage and Rate of rise of recovery voltage. 4. Discuss the phenomenon of a. Current chopping. b. Capacitive current breaking. 5. Write short notes on the following: a. Resistance switching. b. Circuit interruption problems. 6. Write short notes on the resistance switching. 7. Write short notes on circuit breaker rating. 8. Explain in detail the theory of arching and arc quenching? 9. Distinguish ac and dc circuit breaking and briefly discuss dc circuit breaking 10. Define restriking voltage. Derive an expression for restriking voltage and explain the effect of this on the operation of circuit breaker under fault condition

UNIT-V Part-A 1. Define circuit breaker. 2. What are the types of circuit breaker? 3. Give the advantages and disadvantages of oil circuit breaker. 4. What is the function of an explosion pot in an oil circuit breaker? 5. What are the difference between bulk oil and low oil circuit breaker? 6. Write a short note on Air-break circuit breaker. 7. Give the advantages of Air-break circuit breaker.. 7 . What are the types of Air blast circuit breaker? 8. Compare the merits and demerits of Air- blast circuit breaker 9. Mention any two applications of SF6 circuit breaker 10. What are the advantages of SF6 circuit breaker? 11. Mention the any two applications of vacuum circuit breaker. 12. What is the function of arc shield in vacuum circuit breaker? 13. Explain how vacuum extinguishes the arc in vacuum circuit breaker. 14. Mention the advantages of air blast circuit breaker over oil blast circuit breaker 15. Mention the different tests for circuit breaker. 16. What are the drawbacks of field type testing station? 17. Write a sequence of switching operation for breaking capacity test.. Part-B 1. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of oil circuit breakers. 2. Describe briefly the action of an oil circuit breaker. How does oil help in arc Extinction. 3. Discuss the constructional details and operation of a typical low oil circuit breaker. What are its relative merits and demerits? 4. Explain the difference between bulk oil circuit breakers and low oil circuit Breakers. 5. Explain briefly the following types of air-blast circuit breakers: a. (i)Axial-blast type. b. (ii) Cross-blast type.

6. Explain with neat sketches the construction and working principle of an SF6.What are its advantages and disadvantages? 7. Describe the construction ,operating principle and application of vacuum circuit breaker. 8. Explain the various methods of testing of circuit breakers and discuss their merits and demerits.