VINAYAKA MISSIONS UNIVERSITY V.M.K.

V ENGINEERING COLLEGE, SALEM

APPLIED PHYSICS QUESTION BANK PART-TIME PROGRAMME UNIT-I CRYSTALLINE AND AMORPHOUS MATERIAL PART-A 1. What are the differences between crystalline and non-crystalline materials? 2. What are the Miller indices? 3. Define: unit cell 4. Define: coordination number 5. Write down seven crystal systems 6. Define: packing factor 7. What is atomic radius? 8. Give the number of atoms for simple cubic structure. 9. Give the number of atoms for BCC structure 10. Give the number of atoms for FCC structure 11. Give the number of atoms for HCP structure 12. Give the atomic radius for simple cubic crystal structure. 13. Give the atomic radius for BCC structure. 14. Give the atomic radius for FCC structure. 15. Give the atomic radius for HCP structure. 16. Give the coordination number for simple cubic structure. 17. Give the coordination number for BCC structure 18. Give the coordination number for FCC structure 19. Give the coordination number for HCP structure 20. Give the packing factor for simple cubic crystal structure. 21. Give the packing factor for BCC structure. 22. Give the packing factor for FCC structure. 23. Give the packing factor for HCP structure. 24. What is point defect? 25. What is dislocation? PART-B 1. Explain the various types of crystal systems with neat sketch and example 2. What are Bravais lattices? Explain with neat diagram. 3. Determine coordination number and packing factor for a hexagonal close packed structure. 4. Explain the term atomic radius, coordination number and packing factor. Determine the atomic radius, coordination number and packing factor for BCC and FCC structures.

5. What are Miller indices? Write the steps for finding Miller indices with neat digram. 6. Derive an expression for d-spacing of a cubic crystal interms of lattice constant and miller indices? 7. Define the terms : (a) space lattice ( b) primitive cell (c) Sketch the planes (111), (011) and (110) planes in a simple cubic cell? 8. Derive the atomic radius and packing factor for FCC. 9. Write a note on metallic glasses? 10. Show that the packing factor for FCC and HCP are equal.

UNIT-II

ACOUSTICS & ULTRASONICS PART-A

1. Define absorption coefficient of a material. Give its unit 2. Define: Bel 3. Define: DeciBel 4. Define: loudness 5. What is Echelon effect? 6. Define: resonance 7. Define: noise 8. What is meant by reverberation? 9. Define: reverberation time 10. Distinguish between loudness and intensity of sound. 11. What are the requirements for good acoustics in buildings? 12. Define: intensity of sound. 13. State Weber- Fechner law. 14. Write Sabines formula for reverberation time. 15. What is piezo-electric effect? 16. What are ultrasonic waves? 17. What is inverse piezo-electric effect? 18. What is magnetostriction effect? 19. What is meant by SONAR? 20. What is acoustic grating? 21. What is meant by X-cut crystal? 22. What is meant by Y-cut crystal? 23. What is an optic axis? 24. What are the applications of SONAR? 25. Mention two mechanical applications of ultrasonics. PART-B 1. What is standard reverberation time? Using Sabines formula explains how the sound absorption coefficient of a material is determined.

2. Write in detail about the factors affecting architectural acoustics and their remedies. 3. Derive Sabines formula for standard reverberation time. 4. Write short notes on Loudness, Intensity of sound, Absorption coefficient, Reverberation time, piezo electric transducer? 5. Explain the construction and working of magnetostriction oscillator. 6. What is piezo- electric effect? Explain with a neat circuit, the generation of ultrasonic using a piezo- electric oscillator. 7. Describe the theory and measurement of velocity of ultrasonic waves in liquids using acoustic grating. 8. What is the principle of ultrasonic testing? Explain the working of ultrasonic flaw detector. 9. Write the Engineering, medical and chemical uses of ultrasonic waves. 10. Explain the principle and working of SONAR. Give its advantages and applications. UNIT-III OPTICS AND PHOTO ELASTICITY

PART-A 1. What is meant by polarization? 2. What is meant by ordinary ray and extraordinary ray? 3. What is the double refraction (or) Bifringence. 4. What is the difference between plane of vibration and plane of polarization? 5. Mention the application of photo elasticity. 6. Define photo elastic effect. 7. State the stress optic law. 8. Write the principle behind the photo elastic bench? 9. What are isochromatic fringes? 10. What are photo elastic materials? 11. What is plane-polarized light? 12. What is circularly-polarized light? 13. What is elliptically-polarized light? 14. What is plane of polarization? 15. What is plane of vibration? 16. Define: uniaxial crystal 17. Define: biaxial crystal 18. Define: optic axis 19. What is quarter-wave plate? 20. What is half-wave plate? 21. Give two example for photo-elastic materials. 22. What are isoclinic fringes/ 23. Give two applications of photo-elastic bench experiment 24. Give examples for uniaxial crystal. 25. Give examples for biaxial crystal. PART B 1. Explain the production and analysis of plane polarized and circularly polarized light.

2. 3. 4. 5.

Explain in detail about plane of vibration and plane of polarization. What is Nicol prism? Explain double refraction and also give the double refracting crystals. Write a detailed note on production and analysis of elliptically polarized light. What are isoclinic and isochromatic fringes? Explain with a block diagram of photo elastic bench. 6. Draw the block diagram of photo elastic bench and explain its working. 7. Define photo elasticity. State the stress optic law and obtain an expression for the same. 8. Explain the effect of a stressed model in a plane polariscope 9. Derive the expression for circularly and elliptically polarized light. 10. Explain the photo elastic method or photo elastic analysis. UNIT-IV LASERS PART-A 1. What are the characteristics of LASER? 2. What are the differences between laser light and ordinary light? 3. Define: stimulated absorption 4. What is Stimulated emission? 5. What is meant by population inversion and how it is achieved? 6. What is pumping process? 7. What is spontaneous emission? 8. Name any two uses of laser beams in industry 9. What are the military applications of laser 10. What is meant by optical data storage? 11. Give merits of Nd-YAG laser. 12. Give merits of CO2 laser. 13. Give merits of He-Ne laser. 14. Give merits of semi-conductor laser. 15. Give demerits of Nd-YAG laser. 16. Give demerits of CO2 laser. 17. Give demerits of He-Ne laser. 18. Give demerits of semi-conductor laser. 19. Give applications of Nd-YAG laser. 20. Give applications of CO2 laser. 21. Give applications of He-Ne laser. 22. Give applications of semi-conductor laser. 23. Name any two uses of laser beams in medical field 24. Name any two uses of laser beams in biological field 25. Name any two uses of laser beams in communications.

PART-B

1. Describe the construction and working of Nd- YAG laser. 2. Describe the construction and working of CO2 laser with necessary diagram. 3. Describe the construction and working of semi conductor laser (Homojunction type). 4. Explain the applications of laser in engineering and industrial fields. 5. Explain the mode of vibration of CO2 molecule. Give the applications of CO2 laser. 6. Explain the engineering and medical applications of Laser 7. Describe the construction and working of semi conductor laser (Heterojunction type). 8. Explain Laser Raman Spectroscopy 9. Explain in detail optical data storage-CD-data 10. Describe the construction and working of the He-Ne Laser

UNIT V

FIBER OPTICS PART-A

1. Sketch the structure of optical fiber 2. What are the conditions for total internal reflection? 3. Give the types of fibers on the basis of refractive index. 4. Define: Acceptance angle 5. Define: Numerical aperture 6. Give the types of fibers on the basis of number of modes. 7. Classify optical fibers on the basis of materials and give examples 8. Give the characteristics of graded-index multimode optical fiber 9. Give the characteristics of step-index singlemode optical fiber 10. Give the characteristics of step-index multimode optical fiber 11. Give the principle of fiber optic sensor 12. What is meant by single-mode fiber? 13. What is meant by multi-mode fiber? 14. What is meant by step-index fiber? 15. What is meant by graded-index fiber? 16. Give the advantages of graded-index multimode optical fiber 17. Give the advantages of step-index singlemode optical fiber 18. Give the advantages of step-index multimode optical fiber 19. Give the disadvantages of graded-index multimode optical fiber 20. Give the disadvantages of step-index singlemode optical fiber 21. Give the disadvantages of step-index multimode optical fiber 22. Give the applications of graded-index multimode optical fiber 23. Give the applications of step-index singlemode optical fiber 24. Give the applications of step-index multimode optical fiber 25. Draw the refractive index profile for step-index fiber. PART-B

1. Explain the principle and propagation of light through optical fibers. 2. Explain with neat sketch, the characteristics of step-index single-mode fiber with its applications, advantages and disadvantages 3. Explain with neat sketch, the characteristics of step-index multi-mode fiber with its applications, advantages and disadvantages 4. Explain with neat sketch, the characteristics of graded-index multi-mode fiber with its applications, advantages and disadvantages 5. Explain the classification of optical fibers on the basis of three different categories namely material, number of modes and refractive index profile. 6. Explain with block diagram, the fiber optic communication system. 7. What are the merits of fiber optic sensors? Describe the construction and working of displacement fiber optic sensor. 8. Define the acceptance angle of the fiber and numerical aperture of the fiber. Derive expressions for them. 9. Give the principle of an fibre optic sensor. Explain the construction and working of pressure sensor. 10. Explain inter modal dispersion. How it can be rectified in optical fibers