Individual Homework #3

Design of Experiment and Analysis

2.22.
By hand:
X = 241.5

vs o = 225

Normally distributed

S = 98.7
n = 16
a) Ho: = o H1: > 225
b) to = (X- )/S/sqrt(n) = (241.5-225)/(98.7/sqrt(14)) = 0.6687
t0.05, 17 = 1.740.
to = 0.6687 < t0.05, 17 = 1.740. No rejection.
c) P-value > 0.05
d) t0.05, 17 * S/sqrt(n) X = 1.740*98.8/4 241.5 = 42.93 241.5
R solution
e1 = c(159, 224, 222, 149, 280, 379, 362, 260, 101, 179, 168, 485, 212, 264, 250, 170)
> t.test(e1, alternative = "greater", mu = 225)
One Sample t-test
data: e1
t = 0.6685, df = 15, p-value = 0.257
alternative hypothesis: true mean is greater than 225
95 percent confidence interval:
198.2321

Inf

sample estimates:
mean of x
241.5
2.29
a) Yes, there is evidence. Rejection of Null hypothesis based on t-test and p-value of the below
test assuming equal and difference variances.

> t95 = c(11.176, 7.089, 8.097, 11.739, 11.291, 10.759, 6.467, 8.315)
> t100 = c(5.263, 6.748, 7.461, 7.015, 8.133, 7.418, 3.772, 8.963)
T-test assuming equal variances
> t.test(t95, t100, alternative = "greater", var.equal = TRUE)
Two Sample t-test
data: t95 and t100
t = 2.6751, df = 14, p-value = 0.009059
alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is greater than 0
95 percent confidence interval:
0.8608158

Inf

sample estimates:
mean of x mean of y
9.366625 6.846625
T-test assuming different variances
t.test(t95, t100, alternative = "greater", var.equal = FALSE)
Welch Two Sample t-test
data: t95 and t100
t = 2.6751, df = 13.226, p-value = 0.009423
alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is greater than 0
95 percent confidence interval:
0.8539293

Inf

sample estimates:
mean of x mean of y
9.366625 6.846625
b) p-value = 0.009059 Equal variances. p-value = 0.009423 Unequal variances

c) 2.52 1.771*sqrt(4.4/8+2.69/8) = 2.52 1.66. 95% of the time the difference between the
thicknesses at 95 and 100 degrees will fall within this interval.
d) tfile <- read.csv(file="tem.csv",head=TRUE,sep=",")
> tfile
T95 T100
1 11.176 5.263
2 7.089 6.748
3 8.097 7.461
4 11.739 7.015
5 11.291 8.133
6 10.759 7.418
7 6.467 3.772
8 8.315 8.963
dotplot(jitter(thickness)~T, data=tfile)

e) Based on normal probability plots normal distribution can be assumed

Normal Probability Plots

f)

power.t.test(n=8,delta=2.5,sd=1.88,sig.level=0.05,type="two.sample", alternative =

"two.sided", strict=TRUE)
Two-sample t test power calculation
n=8
delta = 2.5
sd = 1.88
sig.level = 0.05
power = 0.6964335
alternative = two.sided
NOTE: n is number in *each* group
g.) library(pwr)
pwr.t.test(d=(1.5)/1.88,power=.9,sig.level=.05,type="two.sample",alternative="two.sided")
Two-sample t test power calculation
n = 34.00074
d = 0.7978723
sig.level = 0.05

power = 0.9
alternative = two.sided
NOTE: n is number in *each* group

2.35.
a)
f1=c(206, 188, 205, 187, 193, 207, 185, 189, 192, 210, 194, 178)
f2=c(177, 197, 206, 201, 176, 185, 200, 197, 198, 188, 189, 203)
qqnorm(f1, ylab = "Formulation 1")
qqline(f1)
qqnorm(f2, ylab = "Formulation 2")
qqline(f2)

th

th

Points fall more or less on the lines for both formulations between the 25 and 75 percentile
justifying the assumption of normal distribution. Also the lines have similar slopes so the
assumption of constant variance is met as well.
b) No, it does not. No Rejection of Null hypothesis. t = 0.3448 < t0.05, 22 = 1.7171 and p-value =
0.3667

t.test(f1, f2, alternative = "greater", var.equal = TRUE)

Two Sample t-test
data: f1 and f2
t = 0.3448, df = 22, p-value = 0.3667
alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is greater than 0
95 percent confidence interval:
-5.637883

Inf

sample estimates:
mean of x mean of y
194.5000 193.0833
c) p-value = 0.3667
d) No it does not. p-value = 0.6482
t.test(f1, f2, alternative = "greater", mu =3, var.equal = TRUE)
Two Sample t-test
data: f1 and f2
t = -0.3854, df = 22, p-value = 0.6482
alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is greater than 3
95 percent confidence interval:
-5.637883

Inf

sample estimates:
mean of x mean of y
194.5000 193.0833