ASTM D3237 - 12 An ASTM designation number identifies a unique version of an ASTM standard.

D3237 - 12 D = miscellaneous materials; 3237 = assigned sequential number 12 = year of original adoption (or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision) ASTM D3237 - 12 Standard Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ASTM D3237 Significance and Use 4.1 This test method is used to ensure compliance of trace lead as required by federal regulation for lead-free gasoline (40 CFR part 80). 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total lead content of gasoline within the concentration range of 0.010 to 0.10 g of lead/U.S. gal (2.5 to 25 mg/L). This test method compensates for variations in gasoline composition and is independent of lead alkyl type. 1.2 The values given in grams per U.S. gallon are to be regarded as the standard in the United States. Note that in other countries, other units can be preferred.

1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 6.6 and 6.8.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately)

The documents

listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard. ASTM Standards D1193 Specification for Reagent Water D1368 Test Method for Trace Concentrations of Lead in Primary Reference Fuels D2550 Method of Test for Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels D3116 Test Method for Trace Amounts of Lead in Gasoline D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement System

Performance

D6792 Practice for Quality System in Petroleum Products and Lubricants Testing Laboratories D7740 Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Metal Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants

Keywords atomic absorption; gasoline; lead; lead-free;

ICS Code ICS Number Code 75.160.20 (Liquid fuels) ASTM D3606 - 10 An ASTM designation number identifies a unique version of an ASTM standard. D3606 - 10 D = miscellaneous materials; 3606 = assigned sequential number 10 = year of original adoption (or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision)

ASTM D3606 - 10 Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene and Toluene in Finished Motor and Aviation Gasoline by Gas Chromatography ASTM D3606 Significance and Use Benzene is classed as a toxic material. A knowledge of the concentration of this compound can be an aid in evaluating the possible health hazard to persons handling and using the gasoline. This test method is not intended to evaluate such hazards. 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the determination of benzene and toluene in finished motor and aviation gasolines by gas chromatography. 1.2 Benzene can be determined between the levels of 0.1 and 5 volume % and toluene can be determined between the levels of 2 and 20 volume %. 1.3 The precision for this test method was determined using

conventional gasoline as well as gasolines containing oxygenates (ethers such as methyl tert-butyl ether, ethyl tert-butyl ether and tert-amyl methyl ether).

1.4 Methanol may cause interference. Appendix X1 provides an option for modifying the test method for analyzing samples containing ethanol. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately)

The documents

listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard. ASTM Standards D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products E694 Specification for Laboratory Glass Volumetric Apparatus E969 Specification for Glass Volumetric (Transfer) Pipets E1044 Specification for Glass Serological Pipets (General Purpose and Kahn) E1293 Specification for Glass Measuring Pipets

Keywords aviation gasoline; benzene; gas chromatography; gasoline; toluene; Automotive engine fuels/oils; Aviation fuels; Benzene--petroleum

products; Finished motor/aviation gasoline; Gas chromatography (GC)-petroleum products; Toluene--petroleum products ;

ICS Code ICS Number Code 75.160.20 (Liquid fuels)

DOI: 10.1520/D3606-10

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Back to Petroleum Standards ASTM D3831 - 12 An ASTM designation number identifies a unique version of an ASTM standard. D3831 - 12 D = miscellaneous materials; 3831 = assigned sequential number 12 = year of original adoption (or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision)

ASTM D3831 - 12 Standard Test Method for Manganese in Gasoline By Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ASTM D3831 Significance and Use

4.1 Certain organo-manganese compounds act as antiknock agents when added to gasoline. This test method provides a means for determining the concentration of such a material in a gasoline sample. 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total manganese content, present as methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT),2 of gasoline within the concentration range from 0.25 to 40 mg/L of manganese. 1.2 This test method is applicable to reformulated gasoline containing up to 12% volume methyl tertiary butylether or up to 10% volume ethanol. This test method may not be applicable to highly cracked materials containing greater than 18 volume % olefins as determined by Test Method D1319 (nondepentanized). 1.3 This test method has been developed and tested specifically for the determination of MMT in gasoline over the recommended concentration range. Application of the method to other concentration ranges, to the determination of MMT in other materials, or to the determination of other manganese compounds in gasoline have not been tested 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The preferred concentration units are mg/L manganese. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this

standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 5 and 6.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately)

The documents

listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard. ASTM Standards D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement System

Performance D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and Lubricants D6792 Practice for Quality System in Petroleum Products and Lubricants Testing Laboratories

D7740 Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Metal Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants

Keywords AAS; atomic absorption spectroscopy; gasoline; manganese;

methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl; MMT;

ICS Code ICS Number Code 75.160.20 (Liquid fuels)

DOI:

10.1520/D3831-12

ASTM International is a member of CrossRef. ASTM D4294 - 10 An ASTM designation number identifies a unique version of an ASTM standard. D4294 - 10 D = miscellaneous materials;

4294 = assigned sequential number 10 = year of original adoption (or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision)

ASTM D4294 - 10 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry ASTM D4294 Significance and Use This test method provides rapid and precise measurement of total sulfur in petroleum and petroleum products with a minimum of sample preparation. A typical analysis time is 1 to 5 min per sample. The quality of many petroleum products is related to the amount of sulfur present. Knowledge of sulfur concentration is necessary for processing purposes. There are also regulations promulgated in federal, state, and local agencies that restrict the amount of sulfur present in some fuels. This test method provides a means of determining whether the sulfur content of petroleum or a petroleum product meets specification or regulatory limits.

When this test method is applied to petroleum materials with matrices significantly different from the calibration materials specified in 9.1, the cautions and recommendations in Section 5 should be observed when interpreting results. 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the determination of total sulfur in petroleum and petroleum products that are single-phase and either liquid at ambient conditions, liquefiable with moderate heat, or soluble in hydrocarbon solvents. These materials can include diesel fuel, jet fuel, kerosine, other distillate oil, naphtha, residual oil, lubricating base oil, hydraulic oil, crude oil, unleaded gasoline, gasohol, biodiesel (see Note 2), and similar petroleum products. Note 1Oxygenated fuels with ethanol or methanol contents exceeding the limits given in Table 1 can be dealt with using this test method, but the precision and bias statements do not apply (see Appendix X3). Note 2For samples with high oxygen contents (>3 wt %) sample dilution as described in 1.3 or matrix matching must be performed to assure accurate results. 1.2 Interlaboratory studies on precision revealed the scope to be 17 mg/kg to 4.6 mass %. An estimate of this test methods pooled limit of quantitation (PLOQ) is 16.0 mg/kg as calculated by the procedures in Practice D6259. However, because instrumentation covered by this test

method can vary in sensitivity, the applicability of the test method at sulfur concentrations below approximately 20 mg/kg must be

determined on an individual basis. An estimate of the limit of detection is three times the reproducibility standard deviation, and an estimate of the limit of quantitation is ten times the reproducibility standard deviation. 1.3 Samples containing more than 4.6 mass % sulfur can be diluted to bring the sulfur concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method. Samples that are diluted can have higher errors than indicated in Section 16 than non-diluted samples. 1.4 Volatile samples (such as high vapor pressure gasolines or light hydrocarbons) may not meet the stated precision because of selective loss of light materials during the analysis. 1.5 A fundamental assumption in this test method is that the standard and sample matrices are well matched, or that the matrix differences are accounted for (see 5.2). Matrix mismatch can be caused by C/H ratio differences between samples and standards (see Section 5) or by the presence of other heteroatoms. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this

standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately)

The documents

listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard. ASTM Standards D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products D6259 Practice for Determination of a Pooled Limit of Quantitation D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement System

Performance D7343 Practice for Optimization, Sample Handling, Calibration, and Validation of X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Methods for Elemental Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications

Keywords analysis; diesel; gasoline; jet fuel; kerosine; petroleum; spectrometry; sulfur; X-ray; XRF (X-ray fluorescence)--petroleum products; Energydispersive spectroscopy (EDS); Fuel oils; Fuel sulfur; Gasoline--

nonleaded; Naphtha and naphtha derivatives; Wavelength dispersive Xray fluorescence ;

ICS Code ICS Number Code 75.080 (Petroleum products in general)

DOI: 10.1520/D4294-10 ASTM D4815 - 09 An ASTM designation number identifies a unique version of an ASTM standard. D4815 - 09 D = miscellaneous materials; 4815 = assigned sequential number 09 = year of original adoption (or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision)

ASTM D4815 - 09 Standard Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C1 to C4 Alcohols in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography ASTM D4815 Significance and Use Ethers, alcohols, and other oxygenates can be added to gasoline to increase octane number and to reduce emissions. Type and

concentration of various oxygenates are specified and regulated to ensure acceptable commercial gasoline quality. Drivability, vapor

pressure, phase separation, exhaust, and evaporative emissions are some of the concerns associated with oxygenated fuels. This test method is applicable to both quality control in the production of gasoline and for the determination of deliberate or extraneous

oxygenate additions or contamination. 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the determination of ethers and alcohols in gasolines by gas chromatography. Specific compounds determined are methyl tert-butylether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butylether (ETBE), tertamylmethylether (TAME), diisopropylether (DIPE), methanol, ethanol,

isopropanol,

n-propanol,

isobutanol,

tert-butanol,

sec-butanol,

n-

butanol, and tert-pentanol (tert-amylalcohol). 1.2 Individual ethers are determined from 0.20 to 20.0 mass %. Individual alcohols are determined from 0.20 to 12.0 mass %. Equations used to convert to mass % oxygen and to volume % of individual compounds are provided. At concentrations <0.20 mass %, it is possible that hydrocarbons may interfere with several ethers and alcohols. The reporting limit of 0.20 mass % was tested for gasolines containing a maximum of 10 volume % olefins. It may be possible that for gasolines containing >10 volume % olefins, the interference may be >0.20 mass %. Annex A1 gives a chromatogram showing the interference observed with a gasoline containing 10 volume % olefins. 1.3 Alcohol-based fuels, such as M-85 and E-85, MTBE product, ethanol product, and denatured alcohol, are specifically excluded from this test method. The methanol content of M-85 fuel is considered beyond the operating range of the system. 1.4 Benzene, while detected, cannot be quantified using this test method and must be analyzed by alternate methodology (see Test Method D3606). 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Alternate units, in common usage, are also provided to increase clarity and aid the users of this test method.

1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately)

The documents

listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard. ASTM Standards D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method D1744 Test Method for Water in Liquid Petroleum Products by Karl Fischer Reagent3 D3606 Test Method for Determination of Benzene and Toluene in Finished Motor and Aviation Gasoline by Gas Chromatography D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical Standards

D4420 Test Method for Determination of Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by Gas Chromatography

Keywords alcohols; DIPE (disopropylether) ; ETBE (ethyl tert-butylether); ethers; gas chromatography; TAME gasoline; MTBE (methyl Alcohol; tert-butylether); Amyl alcohol;

oxygenates;

(tert-amylmethylether);

Butanol (sec/tert/n); DIPE (diisopropylether); ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether); Ethanol; Ether; TCEP micro-packed products; column; Gas

chromatography

(GC)--petroleum

Gasoline;

Isobutanol;

Isopropanol; Knock characteristics; Mass percent oxygen; Methanol (methyl alcohol); MTBE (methyl tert-butylether); Oxygenated

aromatics; n-Propanol; TAME (tert-amyl methylether);

ICS Code ICS Number Code 75.160.20 (Liquid fuels)

DOI:

10.1520/D4815-09

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Back to Petroleum Standards ASTM D4953 - 06(2012)

An ASTM designation number identifies a unique version of an ASTM standard. D4953 - 06(2012) D = miscellaneous materials; 4953 = assigned sequential number 06 = year of original adoption (or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision) (2012) = year of last reapproval

ASTM D4953 - 06(2012) Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure Method) ASTM D4953 Significance and Use 5.1 Vapor pressure is an important physical property of liquid sparkignition engine fuels. It provides an indication of how a fuel will perform under different operating conditions. For example, vapor pressure is a factor in determining whether a fuel will cause vapor lock at high ambient temperature or at high altitude, or will provide easy starting at low ambient temperature. of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry

5.2 Petroleum product specifications generally include vapor pressure limits to ensure products of suitable volatility performance. Note 3Vapor pressure of fuels is regulated by various government agencies. 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers and is applicable to gasolines and gasolineoxygenate blends with a vapor pressure range from 35 to 100 kPa (5 to 15 psi) (see Note 2). This test method, a modification of Test Method D323 (Reid Method), provides two procedures to determine the vapor pressure (Note 1) of gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends. Note 1Because the external atmospheric pressure is counteracted by the atmospheric pressure initially present in the air chamber, this vapor pressure is an absolute pressure at 37.8C (100F) in kilopascals (pounds-force per square inch). This vapor pressure differs from the true vapor pressure of the sample due to some small vaporization of the sample and air in the confined space. Note 2Vapor pressure of gasoline or gasoline-oxygenate blends below 35 kPa (5 psi) or greater than 100 kPa (15 psi) can be determined with this test method but the precision and bias (Section 11) do not apply. For materials with a vapor pressure greater than 100 kPa (15 psi), use a 0 to 200 kPa (0 to 30 psi) gauge as specified in the annex of Test Method D323.

1.2 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 0 to 1C. If a haze is observed in 9.4, it shall be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note 7). 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warnings are given in 7.5, 8.4.1, 8.5.1, 9.1, A1.1, and A1.1.3.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately)

The documents

listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard. ASTM Standards D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method) D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants

D5190

Test

Method

for

Vapor

Pressure

of

Petroleum

Products

(Automatic Method) D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method) E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers

Keywords

ICS Code ICS Number Code 75.160.20 (Liquid fuels)

DOI:

10.1520/D4953-06R12

ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.

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Back to Petroleum Standards ASTM D5185 - 09 An ASTM designation number identifies a unique version of an ASTM standard. D5185 - 09 D = miscellaneous materials; 5185 = assigned sequential number 09 = year of original adoption (or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision)

ASTM D5185 - 09 Standard Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission

Spectrometry (ICP-AES) ASTM D5185 Significance and Use This test method covers the rapid determination of 22 elements in used lubricating oils and in base oils, and it provides rapid screening of used oils for indications of wear. Test times approximate a few minutes per test specimen, and detectability for most elements is in the low mg/kg range. In addition, this test method covers a wide variety of metals in virgin and re-refined base oils. Twenty-two elements can be determined rapidly, with test times approximating several minutes per test specimen. When the predominant source of additive elements in used lubricating oils is the additive package, significant differences between the concentrations of the additive elements and their respective

specifications can indicate that the incorrect oil is being used. The concentrations of wear metals can be indicative of abnormal wear if there are baseline concentration data for comparison. A marked increase in boron, sodium, or potassium levels can be indicative of contamination

as a result of coolant leakage in the equipment. This test method can be used to monitor equipment condition and define when corrective actions are needed. The concentrations of metals in re-refined base oils can be indicative of the efficiency of the re-refining process. This test method can be used to determine if the base oil meets specifications with respect to metal content. 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the determination of additive elements, wear metals, and contaminants in used lubricating oils by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The specific elements are listed in Table 1. 1.2 This test method covers the determination of selected elements, listed in Table 1, in re-refined and virgin base oils. 1.3 For analysis of any element using wavelengths below 190 nm, a vacuum or inert-gas optical path is required. The determination of sodium and potassium is not possible on some instruments having a limited spectral range. 1.4 This test method uses oil-soluble metals for calibration and does not purport to quantitatively determine insoluble particulates. Analytical results are particle size dependent, and low results are obtained for particles larger than a few micrometers.

1.5 Elements present at concentrations above the upper limit of the calibration curves can be determined with additional, appropriate dilutions and with no degradation of precision. 1.6 For elements other than calcium, sulfur, and zinc, the low limits listed in Table 2 and Table 3 were estimated to be ten times the repeatability standard deviation. For calcium, sulfur, and zinc, the low limits represent the lowest concentrations tested in the interlaboratory study. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 6.1, 8.2, and 8.4. TABLE 1 Elements Determined and Suggested WavelengthsA Element Aluminum Barium Boron Calcium Wavelength, nm 308.22, 396.15, 309.27 233.53, 455.40, 493.41 249.77 315.89, 317.93, 364.44, 422.67

Chromium Copper Iron Lead

205.55, 267.72 324.75 259.94, 238.20 220.35

Magnesium 279.08, 279.55, 285.21 Manganese 257.61, 293.31, 293.93

Molybdenum 202.03, 281.62 Nickel 231.60, 227.02, 221.65

Phosphorus 177.51, 178.29, 213.62, 214.91, 253.40 Potassium Sodium Silicon Silver Sulfur Tin Titanium Vanadium Zinc
A

766.49 589.59 288.16, 251.61 328.07 180.73, 182.04, 182.62 189.99, 242.95 337.28, 350.50, 334.94 292.40, 309.31, 310.23, 311.07 202.55, 206.20, 213.86, 334.58, 481.05

These wavelengths are only suggested and do not represent all

possible choices.

TABLE 2 Repeatability Element Aluminum Barium Boron Calcium Chromium Copper Iron Lead Range, mg/kg Repeatability, g/gA 640 0.54 430 409000 140 2160 2140 10160 0.71 X0.41 0.24 X0.66 0.26 X 0.0020 X1.4 0.17 X0.75 0.12 X0.91 0.13 X0.80 1.6 X0.32 0.16 X0.86 0.010 X1.3 0.29 X0.70 0.52 X0.49 1.3 X0.58 3.8 X0.33 1.3 X0.26 0.15 X0.83 0.49 X0.66 0.49 X0.81

Magnesium 51700 Manganese 5700

Molybdenum 5200 Nickel 540

Phosphorus 101000 Potassium Silicon Silver Sodium Sulfur 401200 850 0.550 770 9006000

Tin Titanium Vanadium Zinc

A

1040 540 150 601600

2.4 X0.17 0.54 X0.37 0.061 X 0.15 X0.88

where: X = mean concentration, g/g.

TABLE 3 Reproducibility Element Aluminum Barium Boron Calcium Chromium Copper Iron Lead Range, mg/kg Reproducibility, g/gA 640 0.54 430 409000 140 2160 2140 10160 3.8 X0.26 0.59 X0.92 13 X0.01 0.015 X1.3 0.81 X0.61 0.24 X 0.52 X0.80 3.0 X0.36 0.72 X0.77 0.13 X1.2 0.64 X0.71 1.5 X0.50 4.3 X0.50

Magnesium 51700 Manganese 5700

Molybdenum 5200 Nickel 540

Phosphorus 101000

Potassium Silicon Silver Sodium Sulfur Tin Titanium Vanadium Zinc

A

401200 850 0.550 770 9006000 1040 540 150 601600

6.6 X0.29 2.9 X0.39 0.35 X 1.1 X0.71 1.2 X0.75 2.1 X0.62 2.5 X0.47 0.28 X1.1 0.083 X1.1

where: X = mean concentration, g/g.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately)

The documents

listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard. ASTM Standards C1109 Practice for Analysis of Aqueous Leachates from Nuclear Waste Materials Using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission

Spectroscopy D1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (High-Temperature Method)

D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical Standards D4628 Test Method for Analysis of Barium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc in Unused Lubricating Oils by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry D4927 Test Methods for Elemental Analysis of Lubricant and Additive Components--Barium, Calcium, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Zinc by

Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy D4951 Test Method Oils by for Determination Coupled of Additive Elements in

Lubricating

Inductively

Plasma

Atomic

Emission

Spectrometry E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials

Keywords additive-elements; aluminum; barium; boron; calcium; chromium; copper; emission-spectrometry; ICP; inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry; iron; lead; lubricating oils; magnesium;

manganese; molybdenum; nickel; phosphorous, potassium; silicon; silver; sodium; sulfur; tin; titanium; vanadium; wear metals; zinc;

Additives--lubricating oils; Additives--petroleum products; Aluminum content--petroleum products; Barium content--petroleum products;

Base oils; Boron; Calcium content--petroleum products; Chromium; Contamination--petroleum products; Titanium (Ti)/alloys; Vanadium content--petroleum products; Wear metals; Zinc content--petroleum products; Copper content--petroleum products; Fuel sulfur; Nickel content--petroleum products; ICP-AES (inductively-coupled plasma

atomic emission spectrometry); Iron; Lead metals/alloys; Phosphorus content--petroleum products; Lubricating oils; Magnesium content-petroleum products; Manganese content--petroleum products;

Potassium content--petroleum products; Molybdenum; Silicon content-petroleum products; Silver; Sodium content--petroleum products; Tin metals/alloys ;

ICS Code ICS Number Code 71.040.50 (Physicochemical methods of analysis); 75.100 (Lubricants, industrial oils and related products)

DOI:

10.1520/D5185-09

ASTM International is a member of CrossRef. ASTM D5188 - 10a An ASTM designation number identifies a unique version of an ASTM standard. D5188 - 10a D = miscellaneous materials; 5188 = assigned sequential number 10 = year of original adoption (or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision) a = indicates subsequent revision in same year

ASTM D5188 - 10a Standard Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio Temperature Method) ASTM D5188 Significance and Use The tendency of a fuel to vaporize in automotive engine fuel systems is indicated by the vapor-liquid ratio of the fuel. Determination of Fuels (Evacuated Chamber

Automotive fuel specifications generally include T

(V/L = 20)

limits to

ensure products of suitable volatility performance. For high ambient temperatures, a fuel with a high value of T (V/L = 20), indicating a fuel with a low tendency to vaporize, is generally specified; conversely for low ambient temperatures, a fuel with a low value of T (V/L = 20) is specified. 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which the vapor formed from a selected volume of volatile petroleum product saturated with air at 0 to 1C (32 to 34F) produces a pressure of one atmosphere in an evacuated chamber of fixed volume. This test method is applicable to samples for which the determined temperature is between 36 and 80C (97 and 176F) and the vapor-liquid ratio is between 8 to 1 and 75 to 1. Note 1When the vapor-liquid ratio is 20:1, the result is intended to be comparable to the results determined by Test Method D2533. Note 2This test method may also be applicable at pressures other than one atmosphere, but the stated precision may not apply. 1.2 This test method is applicable to both gasoline and gasolineoxygenate blends. 1.2.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 0 to 1C. If a haze is observed in 12.5, it shall be indicated in the

reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note 10). 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warnings, see 7.2 and 8.1.1.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately)

The documents

listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard. ASTM Standards D2533 Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels D2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column) D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement System

Performance

Keywords gasoline; gasoline-oxygenate blends; petroleum products; T(V/L

= 20);

vapor-liquid ratio; Air saturation; Evacuated chamber method; Fuel oils; Petroleum samples; Phase separation; Temperature tests--petroleum products; Vapor-liquid (V/L) ratio (V/L) ratio;

ICS Code ICS Number Code 75.160.20 (Liquid fuels)

DOI:

10.1520/D5188-10A

ASTM International is a member of CrossRef. ASTM D5191 - 12 An ASTM designation number identifies a unique version of an ASTM standard. D5191 - 12 D = miscellaneous materials; 5191 = assigned sequential number

12 = year of original adoption (or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision)

ASTM D5191 - 12 Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method) ASTM D5191 Significance and Use 5.1 Vapor pressure is a very important physical property of volatile liquids. 5.2 The vapor pressure of gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends is regulated by various government agencies. 5.3 Specifications for volatile petroleum products generally include vapor pressure limits to ensure products of suitable volatility performance. 5.4 This test method is more precise than Test Method D4953, uses a small sample size (1 to 10 mL), and requires about 7 min to complete the test. 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the use of automated vapor pressure instruments to determine the total vapor pressure exerted in vacuum by air-containing, volatile, liquid petroleum products, including automotive spark-ignition fuels with or without oxygenates (see Note 1). This test

method is suitable for testing samples with boiling points above 0C (32F) that exert a vapor pressure between 7 and 130 kPa (1.0 and 18.6 psi) at 37.8C (100F) at a vapor-to-liquid ratio of 4:1. Measurements are made on liquid sample sizes in the range from 1 to 10 mL. No account is made for dissolved water in the sample. Note 1An interlaboratory study was conducted in 2008 involving 11 different laboratories submitting 15 data sets and 15 different samples of ethanol-fuel blends containing 25 volume %, 50 volume %, and 75 volume % ethanol. The results indicated that the repeatability limits of these samples are with in the published repeatability of this test method. on this basis, it can be concluded that D5191 is applicable to ethanol-fuel blends such as Ed75 and Ed85 (Specification D5798) and other ethanol-fuel blends with greater than 10 v% ethanol. See ASTM RR: D021694 filed with ASTM for supporting data.2 Note 2Samples can also be tested at other vapor-to-liquid ratios, temperatures, and pressures, but the precision and bias statements need not apply. Note 3The interlaboratory studies conducted in 1988, 1991, and 2003 to determine the precision statements in Test Method D5191 did not include any crude oil in the sample sets. Test Method D6377, as well as IP 481, have been shown to be suitable for vapor pressure

measurements of crude oils.

1.1.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 0 to 1C. If a haze is observed in 8.5, it shall be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note 15). 1.2 This test method is suitable for calculation of the dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) of gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends by means of a correlation equation (see Eq 1 in 14.2). The calculated DVPE very closely approximates the dry vapor pressure that would be obtained on the same material when tested by Test Method D4953. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard. The inchpound units given in parentheses are provided for information only. 1.4 WARNINGMercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPAs website http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm - for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this

standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety warning statements, see 7.2 through 7.8.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately)

The documents

listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard. ASTM Standards D2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column) D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and GasolineOxygenate Blends (Dry Method) D5798 Specification for Ethanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement System

Performance D6377 Test Method for Determination of Vapor Pressure of Crude Oil: VPCRx (Expansion Method)

D6378 Test Method for Determination of Vapor Pressure (VPX) of Petroleum Products, Hydrocarbons, and Hydrocarbon-Oxygenate

Mixtures (Triple Expansion Method) D7717 Practice for Preparing Volumetric Blends of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Gasoline Blendstocks for Laboratory Analysis IP Standard IP481 Test Method for Determination of the Air Saturated Vapour Pressure (ASVP) of Crude Oil Available from the Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR, U.K.

Keywords dry vapor pressure; gasoline; hydrocarbon-oxygenate blends; mini method; petroleum products; vapor pressure;

ICS Code ICS Number Code 75.080 (Petroleum products in general)

DOI:

10.1520/D5191-12

ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.

ASTM D5580 - 02(2007) An ASTM designation number identifies a unique version of an ASTM standard. D5580 - 02(2007) D = miscellaneous materials; 5580 = assigned sequential number 02 = year of original adoption (or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision) (2007) = year of last reapproval

ASTM D5580 - 02(2007) Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, p/m-Xylene, o-Xylene, C9 and Heavier Aromatics, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by Gas Chromatography ASTM D5580 Significance and Use

Regulations limiting the concentration of benzene and the total aromatic content of finished gasoline have been established for 1995 and beyond in order to reduce the ozone reactivity and toxicity of automotive evaporative and exhaust emissions. Test methods to determine benzene and the aromatic content of gasoline are necessary to assess product quality and to meet new fuel regulations. This test method can be used for gasolines that contain oxygenates (alcohols and ethers) as additives. It has been determined that the common oxygenates found in finished gasoline do not interfere with the analysis of benzene and other aromatics by this test method. 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, the xylenes, C9 and heavier aromatics, and total aromatics in finished motor gasoline by gas chromatography. 1.2 The aromatic hydrocarbons are separated without interferences from other hydrocarbons in finished gasoline. Nonaromatic hydrocarbons having a boiling point greater than n-dodecane may cause interferences with the determination of the C9 and heavier aromatics. For the C8 aromatics, p-xylene and m-xylene co-elute while ethylbenzene and oxylene are separated. The C9 and heavier aromatics are determined as a single group.

1.3 This test method covers the following concentration ranges, in liquid volume %, for the preceding aromatics: benzene, 0.1 to 5 %; toluene, 1 to 15 %; individual C8 aromatics, 0.5 to 10 %; total C9 and heavier aromatics, 5 to 30 %, and total aromatics, 10 to 80 %. 1.4 Results are reported to the nearest 0.01 % by either mass or by liquid volume. 1.5 Many of the common alcohols and ethers that are added to gasoline to reduce carbon monoxide emissions and increase octane, do not interfere with the analysis. Ethers such as methyl tert-butylether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butylether (ETBE), tert-amylmethylether (TAME), and diisopropylether (DIPE) have been found to elute from the precolumn with the nonaromatic hydrocarbons to vent. Other oxygenates, including methanol and ethanol elute before benzene and the aromatic

hydrocarbons. 1-Methylcyclopentene has also been found to elute from the precolumn to vent and does not interfere with benzene. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately)

The documents

listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard. ASTM Standards D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical Standards E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relationships

Keywords aromatics; benzene; ethylbenzene; gas chromatography; gasoline; toluene; xylenes; Aromatic compounds; Aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs); Benzene--petroleum products; Ethylbenzene; Finished motor/aviation

gasoline; Gas chromatography (GC)--petroleum products; Gasoline; Toluene--petroleum products; Total aromatics; Xylene; ortho-Xylene;

ICS Code ICS Number Code 75.160.20 (Liquid fuels)

DOI:

10.1520/D5580-02R07

ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.

ASTM D5580 (Petroleum Standards) ASTM D5845 - 01(2011) An ASTM designation number identifies a unique version of an ASTM standard. D5845 - 01(2011) D = miscellaneous materials; 5845 = assigned sequential number 01 = year of original adoption (or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision) (21) = year of last reapproval

ASTM D5845 - 01(2011) Standard Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, Methanol, Ethanol and tert-Butanol in Gasoline by Infrared Spectroscopy ASTM D5845 Significance and Use Alcohols and ethers are added to gasoline to produce a reformulated lower emissions gasoline. Alcohols and ethers may also be added to gasoline to increase the octane number. Type and concentration of various oxygenates are specified and regulated to ensure acceptable commercial gasoline quality. Driveability, vapor pressure, phase

separation, and evaporative emissions are some of the concerns associated with oxygenated fuels. This test method is faster, simpler, less expensive and more portable than current methods. This test method may be applicable for quality control in the production of gasoline. This test method is not suitable for testing for compliance with federal regulations. False positive readings for some of the samples tested in the round robin were sometimes observed. As only extreme base gasolines were

tested in the round robin, no definitive statement can be made as to the expected frequency or magnitude of false positives expected in a wider range of base gasolines. 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the determination of methanol, ethanol, tert-butanol, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), and diisopropyl ether (DIPE) in gasoline by infrared spectroscopy. The test method is suitable for determining methanol from 0.1 to 6 mass %, ethanol from 0.1 to 11 mass %, tert-butanol from 0.1 to 14 mass %, and DIPE, MTBE, ETBE and TAME from 0.1 to 20 mass %. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately)

The documents

listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard. ASTM Standards

D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical Standards D4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C1 to C4 Alcohols in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography D5599 Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography and Oxygen Selective Flame Ionization Detection E1655 Practices for Infrared Multivariate Quantitative Analysis Other Standard GC/OFIDEPATestMethod

Keywords

alcohols; diisopropyl ether; ethanol; ethers; ethyl tert-butyl ether; methanol; methyl tert-butyl ether; motor gasoline; oxygenate; tertamyl methyl ether; tert-butanol;

ICS Code ICS Number Code 75.160.20 (Liquid fuels)

DOI:

10.1520/D5845-01R11

ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.

ASTM D5845 (Petroleum Standards)

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Back to Petroleum Standards ASTM D6277 - 07(2012) An ASTM designation number identifies a unique version of an ASTM standard. D6277 - 07(2012) D = miscellaneous materials; 6277 = assigned sequential number 07 = year of original adoption (or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision) (2012) = year of last reapproval

ASTM D6277 - 07(2012) Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene in Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy ASTM D6277 Significance and Use 5.1 Benzene is a compound that endangers health, and the

concentration is limited by environmental protection agencies to produce a less toxic gasoline. 5.2 This test method is fast, simple to run, and inexpensive. 5.3 This test method is applicable for quality control in the production and distribution of spark-ignition engine fuels. 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percentage of benzene in spark-ignition engine fuels. It is applicable to concentrations from 0.1 to 5 volume %. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately)

The documents

listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard. ASTM Standards D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical Standards D5769 Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasolines by Gas Chromatography/Mass

Spectrometry D5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products

E168 Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quantitative Analysis E1655 Practices for Infrared Multivariate Quantitative Analysis E2056 Practice for Qualifying Spectrometers and Spectrophotometers for Use in Multivariate Analyses, Calibrated Using Surrogate Mixtures

Keywords aromatics; benzene; infrared spectroscopy; spark-ignition engine fuel;

ICS Code ICS Number Code 71.040.50 (Physicochemical methods of analysis); 75.160.20 (Liquid fuels)

DOI:

10.1520/D6277-07R12

ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.

ASTM D6277 (Petroleum Standards) ASTM D6730 - 01(2011)

An ASTM designation number identifies a unique version of an ASTM standard. D6730 - 01(2011) D = miscellaneous materials; 6730 = assigned sequential number 01 = year of original adoption (or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision) (21) = year of last reapproval

ASTM D6730 - 01(2011) Standard Test Method for Determination of Individual Components in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by 100 Metre Capillary (with Precolumn) High-Resolution Gas

Chromatography ASTM D6730 Significance and Use Knowledge of the individual component composition (speciation) of gasoline fuels and blending stocks is useful for refinery quality control and product specification. Process control and product specification compliance for many individual hydrocarbons can be determined through the use of this test method.

This

test

method

is

adopted

from

earlier

development

and

enhancement. The chromatographic operating conditions and column tuning process, included in this test method, were developed to provide and enhance the separation and subsequent determination of many individual components not obtained with previous single-column

analyses. The column temperature program profile is selected to afford the maximum resolution of possible co-eluting components, especially where these are of two different compound types (for example, a paraffin and a naphthene). Although a majority of the individual hydrocarbons present in petroleum distillates are If determined, this test some method co-elution is utilized of to compounds determine is

encountered.

bulk

hydrocarbon group-type composition (PONA), the user of such data should be cautioned that some error will be encountered due to coelution and a lack of identification of all components present. Samples containing significant amounts of olefinic or naphthenic, or both, constituents above octane may reflect significant errors in PONA-type groupings. If water is or is suspected of being present, its concentration is determined by the use of Test Method D1744. Other compounds containing oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and so forth may also be present, and may co-elute with the hydrocarbons. When known co-elution exists,

these are noted in the test method data tables. If determination of these specific compounds is required, it is recommended that test methods for these specific materials be used, such as Test Method D4815 and D5599 for oxygenates, Test Method D5580 for aromatics, and Test Method D5623 for sulfur compounds. 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the determination of individual hydrocarbon components of spark-ignition engine fuels and their mixtures containing oxygenate blends (MTBE, ETBE, ethanol, and so forth) with boiling ranges up to 225C. Other light liquid hydrocarbon mixtures typically encountered in petroleum refining operations, such as blending stocks (naphthas, reformates, alkylates, and so forth) may also be analyzed; however, statistical data was obtained only with blended spark-ignition engine fuels. 1.2 Based on the cooperative study results, individual component concentrations and precision are determined in the range from 0.01 to approximately 30 mass %. The test method may be applicable to higher and lower concentrations for the individual components; however, the user must verify the accuracy if the test method is used for components with concentrations outside the specified ranges. 1.3 This test method also determines methanol, ethanol, t-butanol, methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl t-butyl ether (ETBE), and t-amyl

methyl ether (TAME) in spark ignition engine fuels in the concentration range from 1 to 30 mass %. However, the cooperative study data provided insufficient statistical data for obtaining a precision statement for these compounds. 1.4 Although a majority of the individual hydrocarbons present are determined, some co-elution of compounds is encountered. If this test method is utilized to estimate bulk hydrocarbon group-type composition (PONA), the user of such data should be cautioned that some error will be encountered due to co-elution and a lack of identification of all components present. Samples containing significant amounts of

naphthenic (for example, virgin naphthas) constituents above n-octane may reflect significant errors in PONA-type groupings. Based on the gasoline samples in the interlaboratory cooperative study, this test method is applicable to samples containing less than 25 mass % of olefins. However, some interfering co-elution with the olefins above C7 is possible, particularly if blending components or their higher boiling cuts such as those derived from fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) are analyzed, and the total olefin content may not be accurate. Annex A1 of this test method compares results of the test method with other test methods for selected components, including olefins, and several group types for several interlaboratory cooperative study samples. Although benzene, toulene, and several oxygenates are determined, when doubtful as to

the analytical results of these components, confirmatory analyses can be obtained by using the specific test methods listed in the reference section. 1.4.1 Total olefins in the samples may be obtained or confirmed, or both, if necessary, by Test Method D1319 (volume %) or other test methods, such as those based on multidimentional PONA-type of instruments. 1.5 If water is or is suspected of being present, its concentration may be determined, if desired, by the use of Test Method D1744 or equivalent. Other compounds containing oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and so forth, may also be present, of and these may co-elute with the is hydrocarbons. required, it If is

determination

specific

compounds

recommended that test methods for these specific materials be used, such as Test Methods D4815 and D5599 for oxygenates, and Test Method D5623 for sulfur compounds, or equivalent. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately)

The documents

listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard. ASTM Standards D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption D1744 Test Method for Determination of Water in Liquid Petroleum Products by Karl Fischer Reagent D3700 Practice for Obtaining LPG Samples Using a Floating Piston Cylinder D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical Standards D4626 Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors D4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C1 to C4 Alcohols in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography

D5580

Test

Method

for

Determination

of

Benzene,

Toluene,

Ethylbenzene, p/m-Xylene, o-Xylene, C9 and Heavier Aromatics, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by Gas Chromatography D5599 Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography and Oxygen Selective Flame Ionization Detection D5623 Test Method for Sulfur Compounds in Light Petroleum Liquids by Gas Chromatography and Sulfur Selective Detection E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relationships E594 Practice for Testing Flame Ionization Detectors Used in Gas or Supercritical Fluid Chromatography E1510 Practice for Installing Fused Silica Open Tubular Capillary Columns in Gas Chromatographs

Keywords detailed hydrocarbon open engine analysis; DHA; gas chromotography; PIONA; PONA; analysis

hydrocarbons; Automotive

tubular

column;

oxygenates;

fuels/oils; tests;

Calibration--petroleum Composition

instrumentation;

Column

analysis--petroleum

products; Detailed hydrocarbon analysis (DHA); ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether); Final column temperature; High-resolution Gas gas chromatography chromatography (GC)-(GC);

petroleum

products;

Hydrocarbons (aromatic); MTBE (methyl tert-butylether); Open tubular column; Oxygenates; PONA (bulk hydrocarbon group-type composition); TAME (tert-amyl methylether) ;

ICS Code ICS Number Code 75.160.20 (Liquid fuels)

DOI:

10.1520/D6730-01R11

ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.

ASTM D6730 (Petroleum Standards) Citing ASTM Standards