WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS

SECOND EDITION

William Stallings

OAl HOC QUO'C GIA H A NQt TRUNGTAMTHONGJINlilH^

A^\}0/J2^
PIARSON rrciiuct'

Upper

saddle River, NJ 07458

CONTENTS
P r e f a c e xi Chapter 1 1-1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Introduction 1 Wireless C o m e s of Age 2 T h e Cellular Revolution 3 T h e Global Cellular Network 4 Broadband 5 Future Trends 5 T h e Trouble with Wireless 7 O u t l i n e of the Book 7 Internet and Web Resources 10

P A R T O N E T E C H N I C A L B A C K G R O U N D 13 Chapter 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Chapter 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Chapter 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 T r a n s m i s s i o n Fundamentals 14 Signals for Conveying Information 15 Analog and Digital Data Transmission 22 Channel Capacity 27 Transmission Media 31 Multiplexing 36 R e c o m m e n d e d Readings and Web Sites 40 Key Terms, R e v i e w Questions, and Problems 41 Appendix 2A Decibels and Signal Strength 43 C o m m u n i c a t i o n N e t w o r k s 46 LANs, M A N s , and WANs 47 Switching Techniques 49 Circuit Switching 50 Packet Switching 54 Asynchronous Transfer Mode 60 R e c o m m e n d e d Readings and Web Sites 65 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 66 P r o t o c o l s and the T C P / I P Suite 69 T h e Need for a Protocol Architecture 70 T h e T C P / I P Protocol Architecture 71 T h e OSI Model 75 Internetworking 77 R e c o m m e n d e d Readings and Web Sites 83 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 83 Appendix 4A Internet Protocol 85 Appendix 4B Transmission Control Protocol 88 Appendix 4C User Datagram Protocol 92

vii

\nil

CONTENTS

R \ R T TAXO U T R E L E S S C O M M U N I C A T I O N T E C H N O L O G Y 94 Chapter 5 Antennas and Propagation 95 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Chapter 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Chapter 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 Chapter 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 .\ntennas 96 Propaganon Modes 101 Line-ot-Sight Transmission 105 Fading in the Mobile Em^ronment 115 Recommended Readings and Web Sites 122 Ke\'Terms, Re\new Questions, and Problems 123 Sigrtal E n c o d i n g Techniques 127 Signal Encoding Criteria 129 Digital Data. Analog Signals 131 Analog D a u , Analog Signals 142 Analog D a u , Digital Signals 148 R e c o m m e n d e d Readings 155 Kev Terms. R e \ i e w Questions, and Problems 155 Spread S p e c t r u m 159 T h e Concept of Spread Spectrum 160 Frequency- Hopping Spread Spectrum 161 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum 166 C o d e Dh-ision Multiple Access 170 Generanon of Spreading Sequences 173 R e c o m m e n d e d Readings and Web Sues 186 Ke\ Terms. Re\'iew Questions, and Problems 186 C o d i n g and Error Control 192 Error Detection 193 Block Error Correction Codes 200 Convolutional Codes 216 Automatic Repeat Request 223 R e c o m m e n d e d Readings 230 Ke\'Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 231

P A R T T H R E E W I R E L E S S N E T W O R K I N G 236 Chapter 9 9.1 9.2 9 3 9 4 9.5 Satellite C o m m u n i c a t i o n s 237 Satellite Parameters and Configuranons 238^ Capacity AllocanonFrequency Division 250 Capacity AllocarionTime Division 256 Recommended Readings and Web Sites 261 Key Ternxs, Review Questions, and Problems 262

Chapter 10 CeUular Wireless Networks 264 10.1 10.2 10 3 10.4 10.5 Principles of CeUular Netxvorks 265 First-Generadon Analog 282 Second-Generation T D M A 285 Second-Generanon CDMA 298 Third-Generation Systems 304

in A 0.6 10.7 Chapter n 11.1 11.2

D Recomn^ended Read,,,,, and Web S,tes 3 , , Ke>Tern.,Rev,ewQest,os.a,.d...,ble,.s3,4 C o r d l e s s Systen^s a n d Wireless Local L o o p 317 Cordless Systems 318 Wireless Local Loop 329

t:ONTENTS

ix

11.3 11.4 11.5

C h a p t e r 12 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4

W i M A X and IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access Sundards 342 Reconmiended Readings and Web Sites 354 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 355 Appendix H A Linear Predictive Filters 356 M o b U e I P a n d Wireless Access P r o t o c o l 358 Mobile IP 359 Wireless AppHcation Protocol 373 R e c o m m e n d e d Readings and Web Sites 394 Key Terms, Review Quesnons, and Problems 396 AppendLx 12A Internet Control Message Protocol 397 Appendix 12B Message Authentication 401 Appendix 12C Service Primitives and Parameters 402

P A R T F O U R W I R E L E S S L A N S 404 C h a p t e r 13 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 C h a p t e r 14 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 C h a p t e r 15 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15 6 XSJ 15.8 Wireless L a n T e c h n o l o g y 405 Overxiew 406 Infrared LANs 413 Spread Spectrum LANs 417 Narrowband Microwave LANs 418 R e c o m m e n d e d Readings and Web Sites 419 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 419 W i - F i a n d the I E E E 802.11 Wireless Lan Standard 421 IEEE 802 Protocol Architecture 422 IEEE 802.11 Architecture and Services 428 IEEE 802.11 Medium Access Control 433 IEEE 8 0 2 . n Physical Layer 442 Other IEEE 802.11 Standards 451 Recommended Readings and Web Sites 458 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 459 Appendix 14A Scrambling 460 B l u e t o o t h a n d IEEE 802.15 463 Overview 464 Radio Specification 471 Baseband Specification 472 Link Manager Protocol 491 Logical Link Control and Adapution Protocol 495 IEEE 802.15 501 Recommended Rcadmgs and Web S.cs 50 Key Terms. Review Quest.om. and Problem. 51W

CON 1 IN IS

A P P E N D I C E S 511 Appendix A A.l A.2 A.3 TratVic Analysis 511 Basic Traffic Concepts 512 Multiserver Models 513 Recommended Reading 519

Appendix B Fourier Analysis 520 B 1 Fourier Series Representation of Periodic Signals 521 B',2 Fourier Transform Representation of Aperiodic Signals 522 B.3 Appendix C C.l R e c o m m e n d e d Readings 525 Data Link Control Protocols 526 High-Level Data Link Control 527

Glossary 533 References 540 Index 547