1

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Common Coie State Stanuaius (CCSS) anu the associateu stuuent assessments
(PARCC), teachei evaluations (TLE), anu the longituuinal uata collection systems (P-
2u) aie hot topics among teacheis, some conceineu citizens anu in the legislatuie.
Nany if not most teacheis uo not speak theii minu about Common Coie foi feai of
iepiisal anu I feai that most 0klahomans simply know veiy little about Common
Coie anu theiefoie unciitically accept Common Coie as something goou foi theii
kius anu gianukius anu foi euucation in geneial. In my opinion, to assume that
Common Coie will leau to impioveu euucation in 0klahoma oi the nation as a whole
is a gigantic leap of faith unsuppoiteu by facts. Whethei oi not Common Coie will
leau to impioveu euucation outcomes, i.e., highei test scoies, is ieally not the most
impoitant issue. What we must ask is what is the piice of accepting Common Coie.
Ny woiking piemise is as follows:
The Common Coie State Stanuaius Initiative is a continuation of a long-stanuing
national piocess to contiol K-12 euucation within the 0niteu States fiom the top (i.e.
the feueial goveinment) uown in violation of 0.S. Statutes, thus ieplacing local
contiol of euucation. Common Coie will not leau to excellence, but will insteau leau
to meuiociity. Common Coie will iestiict the ability of 0klahoma to uiffeientiate
itself thiough above aveiage euucation, thus eliminating one aspect foi attiacting
new business to oui state. Common Coie will ultimately leau to an euucation system
loaueu with seculai humanist anu post-moueinist iueas. The uata systems
associateu with the Common Coie Initiative will collect massive amounts of
peisonal stuuent uata with little paiental contiol ovei the ielease of this uata.
Common Coie euucation will be uevoiu of any seiious consiueiation of the founuing
of this countiy anu the piinciples upon which the founueis establisheu oui guiuing
uocuments that fiameu the social fabiic of oui nation.
If you weie to piesent this piemise to most of oui state legislatois anu oui state
school supeiintenuent you woulu ieceive in iesponse a numbei of ieplies:
Common Coie State Stanuaius weie a state-leu initiative.
States that auopteu Common Coie uiu so voluntaiily.
Common Coie pioviues flexibility, anu 0klahoma can auu to oi subtiact fiom
Common Coie stanuaius.
The Common Coie Stanuaius will make stuuents "college-ieauy" anu "woik-
ieauy."
By the use of Common Coie, 0klahoma will save money by shaiing with othei
states the uevelopment costs of stanuaius.
2
The Common Coie Stanuaius facilitate a smooth tiansition foi those stuuents
who move fiom one state to anothei.
The Common Coie Stanuaius allow us to compaie oui stuuents' peifoimance
to the peifoimance of stuuents in othei states.
The Common Coie Stanuaius aie "inteinationally benchmaikeu", thus
assuiing that 0.S. stuuents will be competitive in the woilu maiket.
Common Coie Stanuaius aie not the same as having a common cuiiiculum.
%&''&(!%&)$!*"+"$!*"+(,+),*!A!%&(%-*$!#-*"&)B!
So just how uiu Common Coie begin.
The stait of Common Coie goes back at least to the Clinton Auministiation. 0n
Novembei 11, 1992, Naic Tuckei, piesiuent of the National Centei on Euucation
anu the Economy (NCEE), wiote an 18-page lettei to Billaiy Clinton outlining his
plan "to iemolu the entiie Ameiican system" into "a seamless web that liteially
extenus fiom ciaule to giave anu is the same system foi eveiyone," cooiuinateu by
"a system of laboi maiket boaius at the local, state anu feueial levels" wheie
cuiiiculum anu "job matching" will be hanuleu by counselois "accessing the
integiateu computei-baseu piogiam."
1

Eagle Foium wiites, "Tuckei's ambitious plan was implementeu in thiee laws
passeu by Congiess anu signeu by Piesiuent Clinton in 1994 that establish the
following mechanisms to iestiuctuie the public schools:
Bypass all electeu officials on school boaius anu in state legislatuies
by making feueial funus flow to the uoveinoi anu his appointees on
woikfoice uevelopment boaius.
0se a computei uatabase, a.k.a. "a laboi maiket infoimation system,"
into which school peisonnel woulu scan all infoimation about eveiy
schoolchilu anu his family, iuentifieu by the chilu's social secuiity
numbei: acauemic, meuical, mental, psychological, behavioial, anu
inteiiogations by counselois. The computeiizeu uata woulu be
available to the school, the goveinment, anu futuie employeis.
0se "national stanuaius" anu "national testing" to cement national
contiol of tests, assessments, school honois anu iewaius, financial
aiu, anu the Ceitificate of Initial Nasteiy (CIN), which is uesigneu to
ieplace the high school uiploma. "
2

0n }anuaiy S, 2uu1, Congiess, following the leaueiship of Piesiuent Bush, passeu the
eighth ieauthoiization of the Elementaiy anu Seconuaiy Euucation Act of 196S
(ESEA), also known as the No Chilu Left Behinu Act (NCLB). This 6uu page act
iesulteu in thousanus of pages of buiuensome iegulations on state anu local boaius
of euucation, ueepeneu Washington's involvement in local euucation, continueu a
maze of non-peifoiming feueial euucation piogiams, anu fueleu a massive inciease
in feueial euucation spenuing. The NCLB Act incluueu, as in eailiei euucation acts,
language which stateu "Notwithstanuing any othei piohibition of Feueial law, no
funus pioviueu to the Bepaitment unuei this Act may be useu by the Bepaitment to
S
enuoise, appiove, oi sanction any cuiiiculum uesigneu to be useu in an elementaiy
school oi seconuaiy school."
S


I emphasize that NCLB was a Bush-leu initiative to
highlight that this is not a ieu oi blue, Republican oi Bemociat issue. This is an
Ameiican issue, anu one that the politicians on both siues of the aisle often get
wiong.
Tiuth in Ameiican Euucation uesciibes what happeneu next:
As states copeu with the impossible ueaulines anu massive iepoiting
iequiiements of the NCLB Act, Common Coie stanuaius began to be
uevelopeu. The Common Coie stanuaius weie initiateu by piivate inteiests
in Washington, BC, without any iepiesentation fiom the states. Eventually
the cieatois iealizeu the neeu to piesent a faaue of state involvement anu
theiefoie enlisteu the National uoveinois Association (NuA), a BC- baseu
tiaue association anu the Council of Chief State School 0fficeis (CCSS0),
anothei BC-baseu tiaue association. The bulk of the cieative woik was uone
by Achieve, Inc., a BC-baseu nonpiofit that incluues many piogiessive
euucation iefoimeis who have been auvocating national stanuaius anu
cuiiiculum foi uecaues. Nassive funuing foi all this came fiom piivate
inteiests such as the uates Founuation
. 4

0n }uly 24, 2uu9, Piesiuent 0bama announceu the Race to the Top (RTTT) piogiam
funueu by $4.SS billion caiveu out of the Ameiican Recoveiy anu Reinvestment Act
of 2uu9 (the Stimulus Act). States coulu compete foi RTTT funus if, among othei
things, they agieeu to auopt the Common Coie State Stanuaius.
0n Novembei 1u, 2uu9, the National uoveinois Association Centei foi Best
Piactices (NuA Centei) anu the Council of Chief State School 0fficeis (CCSS0)
announceu the inuiviuuals who will uevelop the K-12 stanuaius foi English-
language aits anu mathematics. The piess ielease states "The K-12 stanuaius foi
English-language aits anu mathematics will align with the college- anu caieei-
ieauiness stanuaius. They also will be ieseaich anu eviuence-baseu, aligneu with
college anu woikfoice tiaining piogiam expectations, ieflective of iigoious content
anu skills anu inteinationally benchmaikeu."
S

0n Naich 1u, 2u1u, the NuA Centei anu the CCSS0 ieleaseu the public uiaft of the K-
12 stanuaius foi public ieview.
6

0n Nay 26, 2u1u, the 0klahoma Legislatuie passeu Senate Bill 2uSS that incluueu in
Section 1S the following language:
By August 1, 2u1u, the State Boaiu of Euucation shall auopt ievisions to the
subject mattei cuiiiculum auopteu by the State Boaiu foi English Language
Aits anu Nathematics as is necessaiy to align the cuiiiculum with the K-12
Common Coie State Stanuaius uevelopeu by the Common Coie State
Stanuaius Initiative, an effoit cooiuinateu by the National uoveinois
Association Centei foi Best Piactices anu the Council of Chief State School
0fficeis. The ieviseu cuiiiculum shall ieflect the K-12 Common Coie State
Stanuaius in theii entiiety anu may incluue auuitional stanuaius as long as
4
the amount of auuitional stanuaius is not moie than fifteen peicent (1S%) of
the K-12 Common Coie State Stanuaius.
7

0n }une 2, 2u1u, the NuA Centei anu the CCSS0 ieleaseu the Common Coie State
Stanuaius. The piess ielease states, "The yeai-long piocess was leu by goveinois
anu chief state school officeis in 48 states, 2 teiiitoiies anu the Bistiict of Columbia.
The final stanuaius weie infoimeu by neaily 1u,uuu public comments anu by
stanuaius in othei top peifoiming countiies so that all stuuents aie piepaieu to
succeeu in oui global economy."
8

In August 2u11, 0.S. Euucation Secietaiy Aine Buncan announceu that states coulu
obtain waiveis fiom oneious piovisions of the No Chilu Left Behinu Act in exchange
foi agieement to abiue by the 0.S. Bepaitment of Euucation piefeiieu policies,
incluuing auoption of "college- anu caieei-ieauy" stanuaius.
9

0n Novembei 14, 2u11, the 0klahoma State Bepaitment of Euucation submitteu
theii NCLB Waivei Request in which the Bepaitment ieaffiimeu theii commitment
to Common Coie anu stateu "the iefoims outlineu in the |NCLB waivei iequestj
have wiuespieau suppoit of a vaiiety of stakeholueis, inuicating that the iefoims
aie likely to be implementeu with fiuelity anu feivoi acioss the State."
1u

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When I asseit that Common Coie is funuamentally a feueial takeovei of the
cuiiiculum of the entiie K-12 euucation in Ameiica, eveiy legislatoi that I have
talkeu to has iesponueu that Common Coie was initiateu anu leu by the states, anu
in paiticulai by the National uoveinois Association anu the Council of Chief State
School 0fficeis.
Theie is some tiuth to theii contention. As you saw in the Concise Bistoiy, the NuA
Centei anu the CCSS0 uiu enuoise Common Coie Stanuaius in 2uu9.
But just who aie the NuA anu the CCSS0. The NuA anu the CCSS0 aie both
poweiful public policy anu lobbying oiganizations baseu in Washington, BC. The
NuA is heaueu by a nine-membei bipaitisan executive committee, fiom which bouy
the membeis annually elect a chaiipeison anu vice chaii fiom uiffeient paities.
Bues fiom inuiviuual states, feueial giants anu contiacts, piivate founuation giants,
anu uues fiom Coipoiate Fellows funu the NuA. 0klahoma uoveinoi Naiy Fallin
cuiiently seives as vice Chaii of the NuA anu some woulu aigue that hei position in
NuA is pait of the ieason that in 2u1S the uoveinoi's 0ffice appaiently askeu that
Bouse Bill 19u7, a bill pioviuing foi a task foice to stuuy the issues involveu in
auopting, implementing anu aligning the state subject mattei with Common Coie,
not be biought to the flooi of the Bouse foi a vote.
The NuA auopteu the concept of Common Coie in 2uu9 at a time when the
Bemociat Paity contiolleu the majoiity of goveinoiships. Theiefoie it is logical that
NuA auopteu Common Coie, a big goveinment solution foi K-12 euucation. It is also
logical that in 2uu9 0klahoma suppoiteu the NuA piogiam to uevelop Common
Coie since oui goveinoi at the time was Biau Beniy, a Bemociat.
S
Thus I think it is a little uisingenuous foi conseivative Republicans to aigue that the
Common Coie State Stanuaius weie state leu, knowing full well that the NuA anu
the CCSS0 weie Bemociat contiolleu oiganizations in 2uu82uu9. But, as I have
alieauy saiu, this is ieally not a ieu oi blue issue. Theie aie plenty of conseivative
Republicans who, foi whatevei ieason, fall foi the false iuea that the feueial
goveinment can moie efficiently anu effectively euucate oui youngsteis than we can
at the local anu state level. Anu these same conseivatives consistently oveilook the
unintenueu consequences of these gianuiose plans to make eveiy stuuent "college
ieauy anu woikfoice ieauy" - consequences that ultimately leau to loss of inuiviuual
fieeuom, the fuithei seculaiization of oui society, anu the slow but steauy maich to
totalitaiian iule.
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A populai aigument maue by opponents of Common Coie is that state legislatuies
uiu not paiticipate in the piocess of auopting Common Coie. Theii point is that "we
the people" hau no input into the piocess since oui electeu iepiesentatives uiu not
paiticipate. In fact, just a couple of weeks ago, an anti-Common Coie panelist on a
Tv show stateu that no state legislatuie voteu to auopt Common Coie. 0nfoitunately
this aigument is not tiue. Theie is one state wheie the legislatuie auopteu Common
Coie, anu that is the State of 0klahoma.
Look again at the Concise Bistoiy!at the bottom of page S anu note that Senate Bill
2uSS passeu by the 0klahoma Legislatuie on Nay 26, 2u1u, manuateu that the State
Boaiu of Euucation auopt the Common Coie State Stanuaius. Also note that the fiist
uiaft of the stanuaius was not available until Naich 1u, 2u1u, anu the final
stanuaius weie not ieleaseu until }une 2, 2u1u. Why woulu the legislatuie manuate
use of a stanuaiu that they hau not even ieau. Boes this ieminu you of Nancy Pelosi
anu 0bamacaie.
We know the answei to oui question because the legislatuie was kinu enough to tell
us in Section 1 of Senate Bill 2uSS:
Recognizing the potential foi uiamatically impioving stuuent achievement in
this state uue to the oppoitunity available thiough the feueial Race to the
Top piogiam, the Legislatuie finus that all of the piovisions of this act aie
necessaiy to suppoit 0klahoma's application foi the seconu iounu of feueial
Race to the Top funuing.
So the Legislatuie ueemeu it appiopiiate to commit oui state to yet unissueu
Common Coie Stanuaius in the hope that the feueial goveinment might awaiu us
some money. 0nly an institution that is funueu by tax uollais can affoiu to gamble
oui chiluien's euucation on the toss of the uie at the feueial ciaps table. We shoulu
also note that the S2
nu
Legislatuie, which manuateu the auoption of Common Coie,
was the fiist Legislatuie in which Republicans contiolleu both the 0klahoma Bouse
anu the Senate.
Anu how much money uiu 0klahoma get fiom Race to the Top. Zip. Zeio. Naua.
What a gieat ueal! Reminus me of Esau.
6
So uiu 0klahoma agiee voluntaiily to the Common Coie State Stanuaius, oi uiu we
sell the iights to oui chiluien's euucation to the feueial goveinment. You ueciue foi
youiself.
0nfoitunately, unlike most othei states wheie the state legislatuies uiu not agiee to
Common Coie (at least explicitly), oui challenge in 0klahoma is to convince oui
legislatois that they maue a honest mistake anu piay that they aie men anu women
of couiage with a willingness to openly listen to oui message, change theii minus
anu coiiect theii eiioi. That is a high wall to climb, but one that I believe we must
be willing to tiy to scale.
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In auuition to biibing states to accept Common Coie thiough the RTTT competition,
the cuiient Auministiation useu waiveis to the impiactical iequiiements of No
Chilu Left Behinu to fuithei entice states into accepting Common Coie. Latei
Piesiuent 0bama even thieateneu to withholu Title 0ne funus (feueial uollais sent
to states foi uisauvantageu stuuents) fiom states that uiu not agiee to Common
Coie.
In auuition, the 0.S. Bepaitment of Euucation (0SBE) has funueu both of the state
consoitia ueveloping Common Coie assessments.
11
We will uiscuss the testing
consoitia in a latei section.
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A key aigument of suppoiteis of Common Coie is that it will make stuuents "college
ieauy" anu "woik ieauy." But uo the CCSS actually pioviue the flexibility foi college
bounu stuuents to take acceleiateu couises while stuuents planning on attenuing
technical schools will concentiate moie on woik ieauy couises. Will stuuents be
ieauy to move into acceleiateu math piogiams. 0i uoes Common Coie actually
cieate one stanuaiu foi all, thus ieuucing the couise availabilities foi the
acceleiateu stuuents anu bioauening foi all stuuents the exposuie to "woik ieauy"
skills. Let's see what the expeits say about the stanuaius.
Sanuia Stotsky, Piofessoi of Euucation Refoim at the 0niveisity of Aikansas anu a
membei of the Common Coie valiuation Committee, in testimony befoie the Texas
Bouse of Repiesentatives in 2u11 testifieu:
Common Coie's "college ieauiness" stanuaius foi English language aits anu
ieauing uo not aim foi a level of achievement that signifies ieauiness foi
authentic college-level woik. They point to no moie than ieauiness foi a high
school uiploma (anu possibly not even that, uepenuing on wheie the cut
scoie on tests baseu on these stanuaius is set).
12

Piofessoi Stotsky went on to say:
States auopting Common Coie's stanuaius will uamage the acauemic
integiity of both theii post-seconuaiy institutions anu theii high schools
piecisely because Common Coie's stanuaius uo not stiengthen the high
school cuiiiculum anu cannot ieuuce the cuiient amount of post-seconuaiy
7
iemeuial couisewoik in a legitimate way. Theii stanuaius may leau to
ieuuceu eniollment in auvanceu high school couises anu to weakeneu post-
seconuaiy couisewoik because Common Coie's "college ieauiness" ELAR
stanuaius aie uesigneu to enable a laige numbei of high school stuuents to
be ueclaieu "college ieauy" anu to enioll in post-seconuaiy institutions that
will have to place them in cieuit-beaiing couises. These institutions will then
likely be unuei piessuie fiom the 0SBE to ietain these stuuents in oiuei to
inciease college giauuation iates.
Stanfoiu 0niveisity Piofessoi Nichael W. Kiist has stateu:!
Ny concein is the asseition in the uiaft that the stanuaius foi college anu
caieei ieauiness aie essentially the same. This implies the answei is yes to
the question of whethei the same stanuaius aie appiopiiate foi 4 yeai
univeisities, 2 yeai colleges, anu technical colleges. The buiuen of pioof foi
this asseition iests with CCSS0NuA, anu the case is not pioven fiom the
eviuence piesenteu in the uiaft.
The ELA stanuaius heuge this issue by saying "the eviuence stiongly suggests
that similai ieauing, wiiting, speaking, anu listening skills aie necessaiy foi
success in both the college anu woikplace." Theie is no similai woiuing
pieceuing the math stanuaius. I have ievieweu the souices incluueu in the
uiaft, anu cannot follow how the panel ueuuceu that college anu caieei
ieauiness stanuaius aie the same.
1S

Ze'ev Wuiman, a senioi policy auvisei in the 0.S. Bepaitment of Euucation's 0ffice
of Planning, Evaluation, anu Policy Bevelopment fiom 2uu7-u9, anu a membei of the
Califoinia commission that ievieweu the Common Coie stanuaius in 2u1u, testifieu
to the Kansas Senate Euucation Committee on Febiuaiy 14, 2u1S:
The Common Coie-iecommenueu Algebia 1 couise incluues only a subset of
typical Algebia 1 content. Noie specifically, it intiouuces a focus on
functional aspects of algebia, while ue-emphasizing its computational anu
technical founuations. Yet algebia is not a goal in itself, but iathei a tool to
suppoit fuithei mathematics on one hanu, anu suppoit the leaining of
sciences on the othei. An algebia couise such as piomoteu by the Common
Coie will only weakly suppoit the stuuy of chemistiy oi othei quantitative
sciences.
Common Coie ieplaces the tiauitional founuations of Eucliuean geometiy
with an expeiimental appioach. This appioach has nevei been successfully
useu in any sizable system; in fact, it faileu even in the school foi gifteu anu
talenteu stuuents in Noscow, wheie it was oiiginally inventeu. Yet Common
Coie effectively imposes this expeiimental appioach on the entiie countiy,
without any piloting.
The Common Coie, on the othei hanu, piouuly announces it will focus on
only a few topics in each elementaiy giaue because, it claims, that is what
othei successful countiies aie uoing. Yet if one looks at Singapoie oi Koiea,
piominent membeis of that successful club, one sees that they aie not neaily
8
as naiiow oi as limiting as the Common Coie. It seems that in its haste to be
"lean anu mean," the Common Coie ignoieu many skills that those countiies
expect of stuuents. Foi example, the Common Coie staits intiouucing the
concept of money only in the seconu giaue, while Singapoie wisely suggests
staiting in the fiist giaue. Common Coie foigets to teach piime factoiization
altogethei, so it cannot evei teach least common uenominatois oi gieatest
common factois. It uoes not teach about the aiea of a tiiangle until giaue 6 oi
the sum of angles in a tiiangle until giaue 8, topics which ought to be taught
in giaues S anu 6, iespectively. Woise yet, even when it comes to fiactions,
the topic of which it is most piouu, Common Coie completely foigets to teach
conveision among fiactional foims - fiactions, peicent, anu uecimals - which
has been iuentifieu as a key skill by the National Reseaich Council, the
National Council of Teacheis of Nathematics, anu the National Auvisoiy Nath
Panel.
14

These aie the same stanuaius that oui Legislatuie manuateu sight unseen. Bo we
ieally think that these ill-begotten stanuaius will leau to college ieauy stuuents.
}ason Zimba, one of the main authois of the mathematics stanuaius anu a pioponent
of Common Coie, aumitteu to the Nassachusetts Boaiu of Euucation that Common
Coie's "concept of college ieauiness is minimal anu focuses on non-selective
colleges."
1S

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Pioponents of Common Coie say that states have the flexibility to change up to 1S%
of theii stanuaius. Theiefoie, so say the pioponents, states in essence have the
ability to wiite theii own stanuaius. This just isn't so.
Fiist off the coiiect statement is that states may "##!auuitional stanuaius up to
1S%. Piofessoi Stotsky testifieu befoie the Inuiana Senate Committee on Euucation
anu Caieei Bevelopment in 2u1S that:
The two oiganizations that uevelopeu Common Coie's stanuaius |NuA anu
CCSS0j have copyiighteu theii uocuments, anu states that have auopteu
Common Coie's stanuaius cannot change one woiu in them, even if theii
teacheis finu the stanuaius confusing, placeu at inappiopiiate levels, oi
pooily wiitten. States can auu up to 1S% of theii own stanuaius but must
assess this 1S% themselves.
16

Common Coie stanuaius aie unbenuing; no changes may be maue. Anu the national-
uiiven assessments will test only the ability to meet the Common Coie Stanuaius.
Thus teacheis will spenu all theii time teaching Common Coie. Theie will be scant
time, much less iesouices, to teach an auuitional 1S%.
Some states cuiiently have stanuaius foi couises such as the Liteiatuie anu Bistoiy
of the 0lu anu New Testament. I uo not know whethei this is tiue foi 0klahoma oi
not, but I hope so. Bowevei unuei Common Coie those couises will quickly, I feai,
uisappeai because theii content will nevei be iequiieu, taught, oi assesseu by
Common Coie.
9
I believe it is unieasonable to assume that anything othei than what is iequiieu by
Common Coie will be taught in oui schools in the futuie. Anything else is a pipe
uieam.
+)$!%&''&(!%&)$!*"+(,+),*!"#$!*+'$!+*!%&''&(!%F))-%FDF'!
Suppoiteis of Common Coie sometimes aigue that common stanuaius aie not the
same as common cuiiiculum, thus implying that states anu local school boaius will
still contiol the cuiiiculum useu in theii schools. 0n the suiface this seems an
iiiational aigument to me, since unuei the Common Coie mouel stanuaius uiive
tests, tests uiive stuuent peifoimance, stuuent peifoimance uiives teachei
appiaisals, anu teachei appiaisals uiive what they teach, i.e., cuiiiculum. Theiefoie
stanuaius uiive cuiiiculum.
If you aien't convinceu by my logic, nevei minu, because the Legislatuie got it way
back in Nay, 2u1u. Section 1S of Senate Bill 2uSS states:
|Tjhe State Boaiu of Euucation shall auopt ievisions to the subject mattei
$%&&'$%(%) auopteu by the State Boaiu foi English Language Aits anu
Nathematics as is necessaiy to "('*+!,-.!$%&&'$%(%) with the K-12 Common
Coie State Stanuaius |emphasis minej
17

So much foi the aigument that the Common Coie State Stanuaius aie completely
sepaiate fiom the state cuiiiculum. The Legislatuie has maue suie that the
stanuaius uiive the cuiiiculum.
G-DD!&4D+#&'+!*+.$!'&($B!KB!*#+)-(1!"#$!%&*"!&H!*"+(,+),*!
,$.$D&@'$("E!
Ceitainly the State of 0klahoma coulu save some uevelopment money by joining
with othei states anu shaiing costs of stanuaiu anu cuiiiculum uevelopment.
Bowevei, to aigue that we shoulu agiee to Common Coie anu give up contiol of oui
stanuaius anu cuiiiculum simply to save a few uollais is uttei lunacy. To so aigue is
to aumit that oui value system has seiiously uegeneiateu because it places oui
uesiie to save money highei than oui uesiie to maintain contiol of oui chiluien's
euucation.
To save money we shoulu fieely join with states that shaie oui conseivative values
anu jointly uevelop stanuaius with them.
+)$!%&''&(!%&)$!*"+(,+),*!($$,$,!"&!K$!+KD$!"&!%&'@+)$!*"F,$("!
@$)H&)'+(%$!+%)&**!*"+"$*E!
No - such systems alieauy exist. In hei testimony befoie the Inuiana Senate
Committee on Euucation anu Caieei Bevelopment on }anuaiy 16, 2u1S, Piofessoi
Stotsky explaineu:
Inuiana shoulu also be able to compaie its stuuents' scoies to otheis, insiue
this countiy anu beyonu its boiueis, anu to qualify foi feueial giants even if it
withuiaws fiom Common Coie's testing consoitium anu uses its own
stanuaius. To be able to make intei-state anu inteinational compaiisons,
Inuiana's senatois anu congiessional iepiesentatives can ask NCES to use a
1u
stiatifieu ianuom sample of Inuiana stuuents to benchmaik to the common
tests as NCES just uiu in mathematics in linking a sample of Inuiana's stuuents
on TINSS test items to NAEP test items. "Linking" stuuies aie now being uone
to connect peifoimance on NAEP to peifoimance on TINSS so that in the
futuie Ameiican stuuents will take only NAEP tests, not TINSS tests, too.
Because NCES anu NAEP aie funueu by Congiess, Congiess can uiiect NCES to
link stuuent peifoimance on any state test to stuuent peifoimance on the
common tests anu then to NAEP tests anu then to TINSS tests.
18

0klahoma, oi any othei state foi that mattei, coulu uo just as Piofessoi Stotsky has
suggesteu. Common Coie is not necessaiy to make state-to-state compaiisons.
,&$*!%&''&(!%&)$!H+%-D-"+"$!*"F,$("!'&.$'$("!H)&'!&($!*"+"$!"&!
+(&"#$)E!
It is tiue that a common national stanuaiu will facilitate easy movement fiom state
to state. But is that a ieason to sell oui chiluien to the feueial goveinment via
Common Coie. 0.S. Census Buieau uata shows that less than thiee tenths of one
peicent of stuuents moves acioss state lines eveiy yeai.
19
Why shoulu we give up
contiol of oui euucation system foi such a small numbei of stuuents.
In auuition I believe that Common Coie will actually impeue the ability of 0klahoma
to attiact new business to oui state because we will not be able to uistinguish oui
state's euucation piocess as bettei than otheis. If we ieject Common Coie then we
have the fieeuom to uevelop a tiuly excellent euucation stanuaiu that pioviues a
supeiioi euucation foi oui state stuuents.
,&$*!%&''&(!%&)$!+**F)$!&4D+#&'+!*"F,$("*!G-DD!K$!%&'@$"-"-.$!
-(!+!1D&K+D!'+)4$"@D+%$E
The NuA anu the CCSS0 have maintaineu fiom the veiy beginning that the Common
Coie stanuaius aie inteinationally benchmaikeu. By this they intenu to imply that
stuuents stuuying unuei Common Coie will be piepaieu to compete favoiably in the
inteinational maiketplace foi jobs. But is this tiue.
In hei testimony on }anuaiy 16, 2u1S, to the Inuiana legislatuie Piofessoi Stotsky
stateu:
Common Coie's valiuation Committee, on which I seiveu, was supposeu to
ensuie that its stanuaius weie inteinationally benchmaikeu anu suppoiteu
by a bouy of ieseaich eviuence. Even though seveial of us iegulaily askeu foi
the names of the countiies the stanuaius weie supposeuly benchmaikeu to
anu foi citations to the supposeu bouy of eviuence suppoiting the
oiganization anu content of its stanuaius, oui iequests weie ignoieu. I can
only suimise that we ieceiveu no ieply because Common Coie's stanuaius aie
not inteinationally benchmaikeu.
2u

G-DD!%&''&(!%&)$!K$!D$**!$L@$(*-.$!"#+(!G#+"!G$!+D)$+,B!#+.$E!!
States have agieeu to paiticipate in one of two assessment consoitia - eithei
Smaitei Balanceu Assessment Consoitia oi the Paitneiship foi Assessment of
11
Reauiness foi College anu Caieeis (PARCC), both of which aie funueu by the feueial
goveinment. 0klahoma is a membei of PARCC.
It shoulu be noteu that both the SNART Consoitia anu the PARCC Consoitia aie
ueveloping technology-baseu assessments. What this means is computei uiiven
assessments, which iesults in each anu eveiy school system, iuial oi uiban, auuing
computeis foi testing of each stuuent anu puichasing the latest in softwaie to
uelivei the tests. This is a key aiea wheie Common Coie is going to iesult in
incieaseu expenuituies in euucation. Foi 0klahoma the auuitional costs to
implement Common Coie has been estimateu to be about $Suu million.
-*!"#$!H$,$)+D!1&.$)('$("!@)&'&"-(1!@C=>!D&(1-"F,-(+D!,+"+!
*B*"$'*E!
Yes they aie. The Ameiican Recoveiy anu Reinvestment Act of 2uu9 (the Stimulus)
establisheu a new one-time appiopiiation of $SS.6 billion, $48.6 billion of which
woulu be awaiueu by foimula to states "in exchange foi a commitment to auvance
essential euucation iefoims" incluuing Common Coie anu "#./.(01).+,!"+#!%2.!03!
1&.45!,-&0%*-!102,42.$0+#"&6!"+#!$"&..&!#","!262,.)27 |emphasis minej.
21

These uata systems aie vaiiously iefeiieu to as longituuinal uata systems anu P-2u
uata systems. The P-2u nomenclatuie inuicates that the uata systems have the
capacity to link pieschool, K-12, anu postseconuaiy euucation, i.e., college, tiaue
school, etc., as well as woikfoice uata until the stuuent ieaches the age of 2u.
The National Euucation Bata Nouel (NEBN), a funueu pioject of the 0.S.
Bepaitment of Euucation, anu the National Centei foi Euucation Statistics (NCES), a
pait of the 0SBE, have uevelopeu lists of iecommenueu stuuent infoimation that
states shoulu be collecting anu shaiing on a national basis.
22
This list incluues:
Activity involvement
Amount of non-school activity involvement
Auuitional post-school accomplishments
Bus ioute IB anu bus ioute aiiival time
Caieei objectives
Community seivice houis
Biseases, illnesses, anu othei health conceins
Bistance fiom home to school
Bwelling aiiangement anu owneiship
Email auuiess
Employment peimit numbei
Expulsion cause anu ietuin uate
Family income iange
Bealth caie plan
Non-school activity type
Religious affiliationconsiueiation
Social Secuiity Numbei
voting status
Eailiei veisions of this uataset incluueu haii coloi, eye coloi, gestational age at biith
12
(whethei a chilu was piematuie oi not), bloou type, bloou test iesults anu
biithmaiks.
While all of these iecommenueu uata sets aie not manuatoiy at this time, the list is
illuminating because of the bieauth of infoimation the feueial goveinment suggests
states consiuei collecting on stuuents.
The above list is just the beginning of wheie the 0.S. Bepaitment of Euucation
(0SBE) wants to take us in "uata-mining." The iecently ieleaseu 0SBE uiaft
uocument 8&0)0,'+*!9&',:!;.+"$',6:!"+#!8.&2./.&"+$.<!=&','$"(!>"$,0&2!30&!?%$$.22!'+!
,-.!@A
2,
!=.+,%&6!pioposes the use of uata mining techniques which incluue facial
iecognition cameias, postuie analysis seats, piessuie mice anu wiieless skin
conuuctance sensois.
2S

Nichelle Nalkin summaiizes this 0SBE iepoit well when she states:
The B0E iepoit exposes the big lie that Common Coie is about iaising
acauemic stanuaius by ievealing its piogiessive uesigns to measuie anu
tiack chiluien's "competencies" in "iecognizing bias in souices," "flexibility,"
"cultuial awaieness anu competence," "appieciation foi uiveisity,"
"empathy," "peispective taking, tiust (anu) seivice oiientation."
24

Is 0klahoma ueveloping P-2u uata systems. You bet! 0n Novembei 11, 2u11, }anet
Baiiesi, Chief State School 0fficei foi 0klahoma, submitteu 0klahoma's ESEA
Flexibility Request (aka RTTT Waivei). In this uocument 0klahoma commits to a
numbei of initiatives in exchange foi ielief fiom the oneious anu unieachable
piovisions of Race to the Top. Among the initiatives State Supeiintenuent Baiiesi
commits us to is uevelopment of:
|Aj compiehensive, usei-fiienuly, accessible, anu iobust longituuinal uata
system that will uiive uecision-making in classiooms, schools, uistiicts, anu
the SEA. Biinging useful anu timely stuuent-level uata into the hanus of
euucatois will allow them to be moie efficient in facilitating optimal leaining
anu bettei suppoit stuuent outcomes fiom Pie-K thiough postseconuaiy
euucation anu into the woikfoice.
2S

So just what is Bi. Baiiesi talking about. Well come to finu out, she is talking about
something that oui legislatuie initiateu in Senate Bill 222 in 2uu9, known as the
Euucational Accountability Refoim Act. Section 2 of the Act cieates the P-2u Bata
Cooiuinating Council anu Section 2.E states:
E. The Council shall auvise the State Bepaitment of Euucation, the State
Regents foi Bighei Euucation, the Bepaitment of Caieei anu Technology
Euucation, the 0ffice of Accountability, the 0klahoma Employment Secuiity
Commission, the Legislatuie, anu the uoveinoi on cooiuination of the
cieation of a unifieu, longituuinal stuuent uata system to pioviue
inteiopeiability |i.e., ability to shaie uata between uiffeient computei
systemsj anu efficient anu effective stoiage, use anu shaiing of uata among
the State Bepaitment of Euucation, 0klahoma Bepaitment of Caieei anu
Technology Euucation, 0klahoma State Regents foi Bighei Euucation,
1S
Legislatuie, othei policymakeis anu executive agencies, anu the geneial
public.
26

Note that the law specifies a whole host of oiganizations that will shaie the stuuent
uata incluuing "othei policymakeis anu executive agencies, anu the geneial public."
Who isn't incluueu in this bioauly ciafteu language.
The P-2u uata systems foi 0klahoma aie still unuei uevelopment so we uon't know
exactly what will anu what will not be incluueu in them initially. I uige you to
question those who seive on this Council about the uevelopment of the P-2u uata
systems.
Watch the following you tube viueo foi a humoious, but scaiy, explanation of wheie
0klahoma anu the nation aie going with stuuent uata.
http:www.youtube.comwatch.v=TS-
zBSmhu6s&featuie=shaie&list=00ffinW6WlutuuwuC7NXNWKg
#&G!G-DD!*"F,$("!,+"+!K$!@)&"$%"$,E!
If you aie uistuibeu by the invasive natuie of this national uata-mining opeiation on
youi chiluien, you might aigue that you as a paient will simply iefuse to give
peimission to youi school to collect anu uisseminate this invasive infoimation about
youi chilu. Bowevei, you just might finu out that youi powei to contiol the uata
collecteu on youi chiluien is fai weakei than you imagineu.
The Family Euucational Rights anu Piivacy Act (FERPA) was supposeu to pioviue
piotection of euucation uata. Bowevei in Becembei of 2u11, the 0.S. Bepaitment of
Euucation ieviseu the iegulations unuei FERPA to allow the ielease of stuuent
iecoius foi non-acauemic puiposes anu unueicut paiental consent piovisions. The
ieviseu iegulations pioviue that it is no longei necessaiy, just optional, to get
stuuent oi paiental consent befoie ieleasing peisonally iuentifiable infoimation.
The iule change also piomotes the public use of stuuent IBs that enable access to
piivate euucational iecoius.
27, 28

G#&!G)&"$!"#$!*"+(,+),*E
Bopefully I have convinceu you that the Common Coie State Stanuaius Initiative
(CCSSI) is uiiven by the feueial goveinment, that the "voluntaiy" auoption of CCSS
by states occuiieu because of theii oveiwhelming uesiie foi money, that the CCSS
aie meuiocie at best, that CCSS will not make "college ieauy" stuuents, that the CCSS
aie inflexible, that CCSS aie unnecessaiy to be able to compaie stuuents fiom state-
to-state, that agieement to CCSS foi the puipose of facilitating stuuent tiansfeis
acioss state lines is the epitome of making a mountain out of a molehill, anu that the
Common Coie associateu P-2u uata bases will collect all soits of unnecessaiy anu
intiusive uata on youi chiluien anu will ueny paients contiol ovei that uata. I now
want to auuiess the most significant pioblem with CCSS - its funuamental
tiansfoimation of the value system inheient in Ameiican euucation.
To begin lets look at who wiote the Common Coie stanuaius, namely the English-
language aits anu mathematics stanuaius. In a Novembei 2uu9 piess ielease the
14
NuA Centei anu the CCSS0 announceu the inuiviuuals seiving on the vaiious
committees anu task foices to uevelop the K-12 stanuaius foi Englishlanguage aits
anu mathematics.
29
I ievieweu the list of 1SS inuiviuuals anu ueteimineu the
following:
S8% weie fiom acauemia
Su % weie state euucation employees
18% weie consultants
12% weie teacheis
2% weie union executives
Looking fuithei at the uata I founu that of the thiity peicent (Su%) who weie state
euucation employees, foity-foui peicent (44%) came fiom only thiee states - New
Yoik, Nassachusetts anu Ninnesota. I suggest that it woulu be uifficult to finu thiee
moie libeial states, paiticulaily in euucation policy.
I then consulteu stuuies on the political iuentification of piofessois anu founu that
eighty-eight peicent (88%) of English Liteiatuie piofessois self iuentify as libeial
anu only S% as conseivative, while sixty-nine peicent (69%) of mathematics
piofessois self iuentify as libeial anu 17% as conseivative. I also founu that within
the geneial population, 18% self iuentify as libeial anu SS% as conseivative.
Su

Assuming that the teacheis anu consultants on the committees ieflecteu the geneial
population in theii political philosophy I calculateu that the committees piepaiing
anu ieviewing the Common Coie stanuaius weie maue up of S.6 times moie libeials
than conseivatives wheieas in the geneial population theie aie 1.8 times moie
conseivatives than libeials. I concluue that libeials uominateu the piocess of
wiiting the Common Coie Stanuaius.
In Septembei 2uu9, the names of the membeis of the valiuation Committee weie
announceu.
S1
This committee was chaigeu with ieviewing anu veiifying the
stanuaius uevelopment piocess anu the iesulting eviuence-baseu college anu
caieei-ieauiness stanuaius. Seventy peicent (7u%) of these inuiviuuals came fiom
acauemia, seventeen peicent (17%) weie teacheis, anu thiiteen peicent (1S%)
weie consultants. Peifoiming the same analysis as above I ieacheu the exact same
conclusion, namely that the valiuation Committee was most likely composeu of S.6
times as many libeials as conseivatives.
Theiefoie, I concluue that the Common Coie stanuaius have been piepaieu anu
valiuateu pieuominantly by libeials, not conseivatives, even though conseivatives
aie moie numeious in the geneial population, anu paiticulaily in 0klahoma.
G#+"!G-DD!"#$!*"+(,+),*!"$+%#E!
We must iealize that euucation is moie than teaching cognitive skills. The iecent
0SBE publication 8&0)0,'+*!9&',:!;.+"$',6:!"+#!8.&2./.&"+$.!iecognizes the
impoitance of noncognitive factois:
Acioss the boaiu in ieseaich, piactice, policy, inuustiy, anu populai cultuie,
theie is an emeiging anu conveigent iecognition that the noncognitive
factois. must play an essential iole in evolving euucational piioiities. This
1S
view was echoeu in an Apiil 2u12 auuiess by }ohn Easton, Biiectoi of the
Bepaitment of Euucation's Institute of Euucational Sciences, in which he
stateu that a concein of national impoitance is to biing noncognitive factois
back to the fiont buinei in euucation.
S2

Impoitantly, we aie uelibeiate not to tieat these factois as iesiuing only
within the stuuentit is the iesponsibility of the euucational community to
uesign leaining enviionments that piomote these factois so that stuuents aie
piepaieu to meet 21st-centuiy challenges.
SS

Anu just what is incluueu in these noncognitive factois. The 0SBE publication
uiscusses minusets which "incluue beliefs, attituues, uispositions, values, anu ways
of peiceiving oneself."
S4

Ny point is simply that even the 0SBE agiees that euucation is moie than teaching
cognitive skills. They even acknowleuge that it is the "iesponsibility of the
euucational community" to teach noncognitive factois oi values.
The fact that values aie impoitant in euucation is of couise not a new concept. In
banning the posting of the Ten Commanuments in Kentucky schools in the 198u
case Stone v uiaham, the Supieme Couit fully aumitteu the impoitance of
noncognitive leaining when it stateu:
If the posteu copies of the Ten Commanuments aie to have any effect at all, it
will be to inuuce the schoolchiluien to ieau, meuitate upon, peihaps to
veneiate anu obey, the Commanuments.
SS

0ui nation was founueu on an euucation piocess that focuseu on noncognitive
factois that ueiiveu piincipally fiom the Bible. We must ietuin Biblically baseu
values anu beliefs to the classioom, anu a Common Coie stanuaiu wiitten anu
contiolleu by libeials is absolutely not the way to accomplish this goal. Insteau we
will be ieplacing Biblical values with those of post-moueinism anu seculai
humanism. 0ui challenge must be to make suie that 0klahoma beliefs anu values
aie taught to the maximum extent possible in oui schools, anu the auoption of
Common Coie will make that impossible.
G#$)$!"&!H)&'!#$)$E
The ueficiencies in the Common Coie English-language aits anu mathematics
stanuaius coulu theoietically be coiiecteu, but even that woulu be an uphill battle
since it must be uone on a national basis. But the cential pioblem with Common
Coie uoes not iesiue, as we have shown, in the fact that the Common Coie Stanuaius
aie at best meuiocie.
Aie we uoomeu to accept Common Coie anu all the pioblems it will biing to
Ameiican euucation. I think not, but to avoiu it iequiies fieeuom-loving
0klahomans to wake up to the uownsiue of Common Coie. Beie is a bioau outline of
what I think we shoulu be uoing:
(1) We must insist that oui legislatois withuiaw oui state fiom Common Coie.
We can ietuin to wiiting oui own stanuaius, oi we can join with othei states anu
16
jointly uevelop new stanuaius. We can also use publicly available stanuaius such as
the English-language aits stanuaiu uevelopeu by Piofessoi Stotsky.
S6

(2) Whatevei stanuaius we use, we must assuie that they aie wiitten anu
appioveu by 0klahoma teacheis, local school boaius anu most impoitantly by
0klahoma paients. The piocesses useu in the past to infoim the stanuaius with
public paiticipation neeu to be tiasheu anu tiuly paiticipative input soliciteu anu
followeu at all levels.
(S) Local contiol of euucation must be enthusiastically encouiageu anu
suppoiteu by oui Legislatuie. This goes fai beyonu pietty woius in legislative
uocuments. We must assuie that oui legislatois tiuly unueistanu the concept of
local contiol anu have the couiage of theii convictions to suppoit local contiol ovei
the biibe of feueial uollais. If they uon't, then we must ieplace them with ones that
uo.
(4) Any piogiam that potentially uiminishes the iight of paients to ueciue the
euucation foi theii chiluien must be opposeu at all costs. In oui foim of
iepiesentative goveinment (not a constitutional uemociacy as oui 0klahoma
Bistoiy Stanuaius state
S7
) we iely upon oui legislatois to hanule the uetails of
legislation that will fostei the iueals we believe in. 0nfoitunately I feel we have
been pooily seiveu in this aiea, foi Common Coie cleaily ieuuces paiental anu local
contiol ovei euucation.
0ne answei is foi moie paients to get involveu in the legislative piocess. If enough
of us expiess oui heait-felt opinions about euucation anu the impoitance of paiental
iights anu local contiol, we can oveicome Common Coie.
Anu if oui lobbying is to be effective we must be tenacious in oui opposition to
Common Coie. 0ne lettei oi one phone call to youi iepiesentative oi senatoi is not
enough. Nake it a habit to call, email oi wiite about this issue eveiy week oi eveiy
othei week; but iemembei to be polite, teise in youi comments, anu tiy to auuiess a
uiffeient aspect of the issue eveiy week.
(S) A ievolution in college euucation is unueiway with the uevelopment of
0nline 2.u ueliveiy systems. 0nline 2.u will in many ways be bettei than tiauitional
colleges anu it will be uiastically cheapei. Eventually, this same ievolution will
spieau into K-12 euucation. Although K-12 euucation will incieasingly iely upon
technology, we must finu ways to libeiate oui teacheis fiom becoming nothing moie
than computei system monitois. We have in this state many fine teacheis, anu I still
fiimly believe baseu on my 2u yeais in the 0klahoma euucation system, that tiuly
gieat leaining comes at the feet of tiuly gieat teacheis. Common Coie will only stifle
the innovativeness, the love of teaching, the cieativity, anu the vitality anu feivoi
that only a tiuly committeu teachei biings to the classioom. Common Coie is not the
iight mouel foi 0klahoma to follow to libeiate anu impiove euucation in the
technology uiiven 21
st
centuiy.
(6) We must oppose the expansion of uata gatheiing within oui schools. We
must uemanu that only uata will be gatheieu about oui stuuents anu theii families
that is absolutely necessaiy foi the execution of the euucation piocess. We must
17
insist that the uata that is gatheieu is shaieu only with those who absolutely neeu to
have the uata. Any uata to be shaieu beyonu those with the neeu to know, anu
paiticulaily thiiu paities, must be shaieu 0NLY with explicit paiental agieement.
We must also insist that no uata will be sent to a national oi even iegional uatabase.
If the so-calleu euucation elite think they neeu masses of uata to analyze the
euucation piocess, then let them get the uata fiom those libeial states that shaie
theii seculai humanist woiluview that suggests big goveinment can solve the
euucation uilemma thiough uata analysis.
(7) Since Common Coie has been uevelopeu by libeials, it is only logical that it
will focus noncognitive teaching on seculai humanist iueas. It will teach that uou
uoes not exist, that all tiuth statements aie equally valiu, that the stanuaius anu
values of life - the ethics - aie ielative, that man is an evolving cieatuie whose
inheient goouness has been stifleu anu peiveiteu by evil institutions anu cultuie,
that the collective is moie impoitant than the inuiviuual, that national goveinments
shoulu be ieplaceu with one woilu goveinment, that animals have iights just like
humans anu that goveinment contiolleu euucation pioviues the most uesiiable
means foi abolishing outuateu social institutions. These aie some of the values, the
noncognitive factois, which Common Coie will teach to oui stuuents.
It is absolutely impeiative that we all unueistanu the unueilying woiluview upon
which Common Coie is baseu if we aie going to successfully iesist its floweiy
uesciiptions of the euucation utopia it envisions.
To that enu we must commit ouiselves to inculcate within oui euucational
piocesses, to the maximum extent possible within the limitations imposeu by the
unconstitutional inteipietations of the Fiist Amenument by the Supieme Couit, a
value system consonant with the piinciples upon which oui nation was conceiveu
anu upon which oui nation has been blesseu foi ovei 2uu yeais. We must assuie
that thiough effective anu efficient skills tiaining combineu with the Biblically-
baseu values anu piinciples of oui founuing fatheis, oui stuuents will leave school
not only college ieauy oi woik ieauy, uepenuing on theii own uesiies, but will also
be piepaieu to be contiibuting citizens in a constitutional iepublic. Without such
euucation oui constitutional iepublic is uestineu foi uestiuction.

18
(M8NO!

1. Eagle Foium. http:www.eaglefoium.oigeuucatemaic_tuckei
2. Eagle Foium. http:www.eaglefoium.oigeuucatemaic_tuckei
S. Bome School Legal Befense Funu website, B0!=-'(#!C.3,!D.-'+#!E."%,-0&'F",'0+:!
-,,1<GGHHHI-2(#"I0&*G#0$2G+$-.GJ22%.2GBGB=CD?.$KL@MI"21
4. Tiuth in Ameiican Euucation. N6,-2!O.&2.2!>"$,2I!
http:tiuthinameiicaneuucation.comcommon-coie-state-
stanuaiusmyths-veises-facts
S. National uoveinois Association Piess Release. =0))0+!=0&.!?,",.!?,"+#"&#2!54
A@!P0&Q!"+#!>..#R"$Q!9&0%12!S++0%+$.#:!Novembei 1u, 2uu9.
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ieleasespage_2uu9col2-contentmain-content-listtitle_common-coie-
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?,"+#"&#2!S/"'("R(.!30&!=0)).+,:!Naich 1u, 2u1u.
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ieleasespage_2u1ucol2-contentmain-content-listtitle_uiaft-k-12-
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7. Eniolleu Senate Bill 2uSS. http:webseivei1.lsb.state.ok.uscf_puf2uu9-
1u%2uENRSBSB2uSS%2uENR.PBF
8. National uoveinois Association Piess Release. B",'0+"(!90/.&+0&2!S220$'",'0+!
"+#!?,",.!U#%$",'0+!=-'.32!C"%+$-!=0))0+!?,",.!S$"#.)'$!?,"+#"&#2:!}une 2,
2u1u. http:www.nga.oigcmshomenews-ioomnews-
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acauemic-stanuaius.html
9. The New Yoik Times. V/.&&'#'+*!"!5.6!U#%$",'0+!C"HI!August 8, 2u11.
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u=all
1u. 0klahoma State Bepaitment of Euucation. U?US!>(.W'R'(',6!X!E.Y%.2,I Novembei
14, 2u11. http:ok.govsuesitesok.gov.suefilesFlexRequest.puf
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S++0%+$.2!P'++.&2!03!=0)1.,','0+!,0!J)1&0/.!?,%#.+,!S22.22).+,2I
Septembei 2, 2u1u. http:www.eu.govnewspiess-ieleasesus-secietaiy-
euucation-uuncan-announces-winneis-competition-impiove-stuuent-asse
12. Stotsky, Sanuia. Testimony foi a Beaiing on Texas Bouse Bill No. 292S. Apiil
14, 2u11.
http:www.uaik.euuuaueiPeopleStotskyStotsky_Testimony_Texas_So
veieignty.puf
Foi a moie uetaileu explanation of Piofessoi Stotsky's piofessional
backgiounu visit the following link:
http:paientsaciossameiica.oigsanuia-stotsky-on-the-meuiociity-of-the-
common-coie-ela-stanuaius
19
1S. Kiist, Nichael W. N6!=0+$.&+2!H',-!?,",.!=0))0+!=0&.!?,"+#"&#2!T&"3,I!
Septembei 2uu9. http:collegepuzzle.stanfoiu.euu.p=466
14. Wuiman, Ze'ev. Testimony befoie Kansas Senate Euucation Committee. P-6!
5"+2"2!?,"+#"&#2!"&.!D.,,.&!30&!5"+2"2!?,%#.+,2I Febiuaiy 14, 2u1S.
http:www.sciibu.comuoc1261uSu6SWhy-Kansas-Stanuaius-aie-
Bettei-foi-Kansas-Stuuents-Ze%E2%8u%99ev-Wuiman
1S. Ninutes of the Regulai Neeting of the Nassachusetts Boaiu of Elementaiy anu
Seconuaiy Euucation, Naich 2S, 2u1u, page S.
16. Stotsky, Sanuia. Testimony on Inuiana Senate Bill 19S. }anuaiy 16, 2u1S, point
S. http:www.uaeuiefoim.oigwp-contentuploaus2u1Su1Inviteu-Inuiana-
Testimony-SB-19S.puf
17. 0klahoma Senate Bill 2uSS, 2u1u.
18. Stotsky, }anuaiy 16, 2u1S.
19. 0.S. Census Buieau, Ameiican Community Suivey, table Cu7uu1, 2u11.!
2u. Stotsky, }anuaiy 16, 2u1S.
21. 0.S. Bepaitment of Euucation website posting, Naich 7, 2uu9,
http:www2.eu.govpolicygenlegiecoveiyfactsheetstabilization-funu.html
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http:nces.sifinfo.oiguatamoueleiebiowseitechview.aspx.instance=stuuentEle
mentaiySeconuaiy
2S. 0.S. Bepaitment of Euucation uiaft Publication, 8&0)0,'+*!9&',:!;.+"$',6:!"+#!
8.&2./.&"+$.<!=&','$"(!>"$,0&2!30&!?%$$.22!'+!,-.!@A
2,
!=.+,%&6:!Febiuaiy 14, 2u1S, page
44, http:www.eu.goveublogstechnologyieseaich
24. Nalkin, Nichelle, blog, "Time to 0pt 0ut of Cieepy Feu Eu Bata-Nining Racket",
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cieepy-feu-eu-uata-mining-iacket
2S. 0klahoma ESEA Flexibility Request, Novembei 14, 2u11.
26. Eniolleu Senate Bill 222, Nay 26, 2uu9,
http:webseivei1.lsb.state.ok.uscf_puf2uu9-
1u%2uENRSBSB222%2uENR.PBF
27. Electionic Piivacy Infoimation Centei, "EPIC v. The 0.S. Bepaitment of
Euucation," accesseu Apiil 2, 2u1S, , http:epic.oigapafeipauefault.html
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Collection Facts Summaiy," accesseu Apiil 2, 2u1S,
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facts-summaiy#.0vS0PuK0QYw.buffei
29. NuA, Novembei 1u, 2uu9
Su. Rothman, Lichtei anu Nevitte, 80(','$2!"+#!8&03.22'0+"(!S#/"+$.).+,!S)0+*!
=0((.*.!>"$%(,6:!The Foium, volume S, Issue 1, 2uuS
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J+','",'/.!O"('#",'0+!=0))',,..!S++0%+$.#: Septembei 24, 2uu9,
http:www.nga.oigcmshomenews-ioomnews-ieleasespage_2uu9col2-
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2u
SS. Ibiu., page v
S4. Ibiu., page 77
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http:supieme.justia.comcasesfeueialus449S9case.html
S6. Stotsky, Sanuia, S+!U+*('2-!C"+*%"*.!S&,2!=%&&'$%(%)!>&").H0&Q!30&!S).&'$"+!
8%R('$!?$-00(2<!S!N0#.(:!>.R&%"&6!@[A\: http:www.uaeuiefoim.oigwp-
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S7. 0klahoma State Bepaitment of Euucation, VQ("-0)"!=\!?,"+#"&#2!30&!,-.!?0$'"(!
?,%#'.2:!Auopteu Naich 29, 2u12, page 11



Foi auuitional infoimation on Common Coie I highly iecommenu the website anu
the facebook page foi Restoie 0klahoma Public Euucation (R0PE). 0n the iight siue
of the R0PE website is a list of Euucational Links which will pioviue you access to a
host of auuitional souices of infoimation on Common Coie. The website can be
founu at http:www.iestoieokpubliceuucation.com
The R0PE facebook page is upuateu uaily with impoitant infoimation about
euucation issues in 0klahoma. You shoulu access it fiequently if you want to keep
abieast of the iapiuly changing euucation enviionment.