Indirect question 1: I dont know where the Tigris river is located.

Indirect question 2: Do you know where the Tigris river is located? Here you have some polite expressions which will help you create indirect questions: I wonder... I can't/dont remember... Could you tell me...? Would you mind telling me...? I am not sure Is there any chance you could...? I don't suppose you could... I'd like to know if/whether... I can't remember... Do you know? Do you happen to know? I dont know

Indirect Questions
Indirect questions are a more polite way of asking something. They are formed of two parts: a polite expression and a question which has no subject/verb inversion like a normal question. For example: Direct question: Where does he come from? Indirect question: Do you know where he comes from?

When the direct question includes the verb to be as the auxiliary, in the indirect question it has to be placed at the end. Example: Direct question: What is your favourite French dish? Indirect question: I wonder what your favourite French dish is.

In the case of other questions where the auxiliary is do or any of its forms, that auxiliary is eliminated from the indirect question and the main verb takes the tense or form that the auxiliary had. Examples: Direct question: Why does he like Chinese food? Indirect question: I wonder why he likes Chinese food. Direct question: When did you come back from your holidays? Indirect question: I dont know when you came back from your holidays.

Phrasal Verbs
A phrasal verb is a verb combined with an adverb or a preposition, or sometimes both. They have different meanings and have the same grammatical function as verbs. They are very common in spoken and written English so we need them to understand and speak natural English. Separable phrasal verbs: This kind of phrasal verbs take an object, which can be an object pronoun, a noun or a noun phrase. Nouns and nouns phrases can be written either at the middle or at the end of the phrasal verb. Object pronouns MUST ALWAYS be written at the middle of separable phrasal verbs. I tried lots of clothes on until I found what I wanted to buy. I tried on lots of clothes until o found what I wanted to buy. I saw a beautiful pair of pants and I couldnt help trying them on.

Depending on the polite expression used, the indirect question can have or not a question mark at the end. If this expression takes the form of a question, this is with a subject verb inversion, then the indirect question needs a question mark at the end. Examples. Direct question: Where is the Tigris River located?

Inseparable phrasal verbs: This kind of phrasal verbs take an object, which can be an object pronoun, a noun or a noun phrase. It does not matter if the object is an object pronoun, a noun or a noun phrase, inseparable phrasal verbs MUST ALWAYS remain together. I got on the bus barely on time. The bus was almost leaving when I got on it. Some verbs are followed by two prepositions, two adverbs or one adverb and one preposition. These phrasal verbs are ALWAYS inseparable.

List of phrasal verbs included in the unit Phrasal verb

1. Come back 2. Put off 3. Get on 4. Take off To return. To change sth to a later time. To get into a bus, train, plain. To leave the ground and begin to fly. To speak angrily to sb because they have done sth wrong. To leave a bus, train, plane. To wait. To search for a word or some information. To come to a situation that you didnt expect. To start operating. To become heavier. To wear something to see if it suits or fits you. To meet or find sth by chance. To leave your house to go to social events. To feel excited about sth that is going to happen.

Meaning

5. Tell off

Literal meaning of phrasal verbs: Many verbs in English can be combined with an adverb or a preposition, and readers or listeners will easily understand a phrasal verb used in a literal sense, this is, an adverb modifies the verb it is attached to, and a preposition links the subject to the verb. When the plane took off she got quite dizzy. I looked up to see the end of the LatinAmerican Tower.

6. Get off 7.Hang around 8. Look up

9. End up

10. Turn on 11. Put on 12. Try on

Idiomatic meaning of phrasal verbs: It is the figurative or idiomatic application in everyday speech which makes phrasal verbs so important, and in this case it is impossible to guess their meaning as it has nothing to do with the words that form it. She took off her coat because the weather was very hot. I always look up the words that I dont understand.

13.Come across 14. Go out

15.Look forward to

TIP! If you are not sure whether a phrasal verb is separable or

inseparable, ALWAYS use a noun or nouns phrase and DO NOT separate it. In this way, you will always be correct!

Writing an e-mail
An electronic mail, often abbreviated to e-mail, email or eMail, is a written way in which humans can communicate with digital communications systems. E-mails between collogues are written informally most of the times, but business e-mails may be semi-formal or formal depending on the relationship and the message. In this sample, we show you how to write an informal e-mail.

Subject Line: Use it so summarize what your mail is about. Greeting: It is not necessary to always use Dear, you can use more informal expressions such as hello or hi.

Style: Be consistent; dont vary between formality and informality.

Paragraphs: As in any other piece of writing, appearanc e is important use paragraphs and proper sentences.

Vocabulary: The best example of informal vocabulary are phrasal verbs and contractions, use them!

It is not necessary to write your name at the end as your friend may already have your direction; however, as if it youre your signature, writing it makes your email more meaningful.

End your e-mail letting your friend know how much you appreciate him/her. You can use expressions such as take care, best wishes, all the best, etc.