CHEM 131

F. Paesani Homework No. 2 on Chapter 2 Due in class Friday, January 20 Winter 2012

Some of the Levine problems are true and false. While the solution manual has the answers, I urge you to think about all of these very hard because they really test your conceptual understanding. These sorts of questions will also be on the exams and will be graded very rigorously. No partial credit for these sorts of problems, and sometimes even minus points for wrong guesses. So these are very very good problems to understand. Another note: When problems deal with gases and you are not told otherwise, you can assume that the gases are ideal. 1. Levine 2.1. 2. Levine 2.13. 3. Levine 2.24. 4. Levine 2.42. 5. Levine 2.45. 6. Levine 2.67. 7. A sample consisting of 2.00 mol of a monatomic perfect gas, for which CV,m = 3R/2, initially at P1 = 1.50 atm and T1 = 300 K is heated reversibly to 400 K at constant volume. Calculate the final pressure, U, q, and w. 8. A sample of argon mass of 6.56 g occupies 18.5 L at 305 K. (a) Calculate the work done when the gas expands isothermally against a constant external pressure of 7.7 kPa until its volume is increased by 3.5L. (b) Calculate the work that would be done if the same expansion occurred reversibly. 9. Consider a perfect gas contained in a cylinder and separated by a frictionless adiabatic piston into two sections, A and B; section B is in contact with a water bath that maintains it at constant temperature. Initially TA = TB = 300 K, VA = VB = 2.00 L, and nA = nB = 3.00 mol. Heat is supplied to Section A and the piston moves to the right reversibly until the final volume of Section B is 1.00 L. Calculate (a) the work done by the gas in Section A, (b) U for the gas in Section B, (c) q for the gas in B, (d) U for the gas in A, and (e) q for the gas in A. Assume CV,m = 25.0 J K1 mol1. 10. Let z = x/(1 + y2). Find dz.

11. Determine whether or not dz = xydx + xydy is exact by integrating it around the closed curve formed by the paths y = x and y = x2 between the points (0, 0) and (1, 1). Note: while there are other ways to determine whether dz is exact, I want you to do it this particular way. 12. Rearrange the van der Waals equation of state to give an expression for T as a function of P and V (with n constant). a) Calculate
" !T % $ # !P ' &V

b) Confirm that $ ' = # !P & V " !P %

" !T %

$ # !T ' &V

13. Concerns over the harmful effects of chlorofluorocarbons on stratospheric ozone have motivated a search for new refrigerants. One such alternative is 2,2dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane. Younglove and McLinden published a compendium of thermophysical properties of this substance (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 23, 7 (1994)), from which properties such as the Joule-Thomson coefficient can be computed. a) Compute at 1.00 bat and 50 oC given that ( !H !P )T = 3.29 " 103 J MPa -1 mol -1 and Cp,m = 110.0 J K-1 mol-1. b) Compute the temperature change that would accompany adiabatic expansion of 2.0 mol of this refrigerant from 1.5 bar to 0.5 bar at 50 oC. 14. Explain the significance of a physical observable being a state function and compile a list of as many state functions as you can identify.