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Vol 19 No. 1

NEW TYPE SINGLE-STAGE DC/AC INVERTER*

Gong Chun ying Ch enM in L iW ei Yan Yangguang
China Aeronautical

Power Sci-Tech Center, NUAA ^29 Yudao Street, Nanjing 210016, P. R.

ABSTRACT
This paper presents two kind to pologies of newtype single-stage inverter with half-bridge and push "pull construction The half-bridge single-stage DC /AC topo "logy is suited for high input voltage, and the push "pull singlestage DC /AC topology is suited for low input voltage The principles of the two topologies are introduced Theoretical and experimental results verify that they are suited for smallpowerDC/AC applications because of the excellent performances such as simple construction, small volume, light weight and high reliability. Keywords: inverters; single-stage inverter; DC /AC converter; half-bridgepush-pull CLC number: TM 464 Document code: A Article D: 1005-1120(2002)01-0019-05

frequency to some extent But the structural complication prevents the improvement of many characteristics such as reliability. So this paper presents two kinds of new type simple inverters to improve the perform ances of the supply with single-stage and less components

1 HALF - BRIDGE SINGLE STAGE INVERTER SUITABLE FOR HIGH INPUT VOLTAGE
Fig 1 shows a schematic circuit of a halfbridge single-stage inverter suitable for high input voltage and T1 is a high-frequency trans- fo rm er

INTRODUCTION
Now,most inverters are two-stage inverters including aDC/t)C converterw ith high frequency transformer and a DC /AC inverter Compared with the older topology with low -frequency transformer, this kind of inverter has the better performances in acoustic noise, efficiency, size, weight and dynamic response However, it has the following drawbacks: (1) it is too complex and reliability is relatively low; (2) its efficiency is low because of the three-stage conversion^2! In order to overcome the above drawbacks, two strategies have been proposed One is the application of soft sw itching[3~6]. In this tech - nique, soft sw itching is used to decrese sw itching lo ss and to increase the sw itch frequency The other one provides a simple and reliable power circuit scheme[7~10]. Resonant technique and soft switching, which are the content of many researches, can increase the sw itch

.(

lz t u .
Fig 1 Scheme of half-bridge single-stage inverter

1 1 Operational principle This kind of inverter is on r~uj based the flyback

1 1
3

converter The sw itches V

,V 2, V

and V 4 are modulated, there are four operating

modes A , B, C and D U nder each mode the schem e is

* Received 7 Dec 2001; revision received 5 M ar. 2002

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Vol 19

equivalent to a fly "back scheme The p rincip le of operation is as follows: During U o > 0: If energy flows from the transformer primary, V1 is in high -frequency modulation, V 2 and V 4 are turned off, V 3 is turned on is turned on V 1 is modulated to control the quantity of the input energy according to the output voltage and the load This is the operating mode A, which the circuit is equivalent to a fly "back scheme If the load energy is too much and feeds back to the input supply, V 4 is the high "frequency modulation V 2, V 3 andV 1 are turned off W hen V is turned on, the energy is transmitted from the transformer secondary the transformer inductor through D3 When V 4 is turned off, the energy fed back to C 1 through D1, By modulating V 4, the fed back energy is controlled to ensure the sine output voltage This is operating mode B, The p rocess of the operation issimi- lar to that of a fly-back inverter
(b) Uo >0 0 (a) Uo >0 , io >0

D4 in in
4

to is

During U o< 0: If the energy is transmitted from the input supply to load,
2

V
4

is in the high - frequency modulation V 1 and V 3 are turned off, and V

is turned on D3 is turned on Input energy is controlled to meet the demands of the output voltage and the load by modulating V 2 This is operating mode C, If too much energy is fed back to the transformer primary, V 3 is in the high "frequency mo - dulation V 1,V 2 and V 4 are turned off WhenV3 is turned on, the energy is transmitted from the transform secondary to the
(d) Uo <0, io >0 Fig 2 Equivalent scheme of four modes (c) U o <0, 0

transformer inductor through D4 WhenV

is turned off, the

energy is fed back to C 2 through D2 By modulating V 3, the fed-back energy can be controlled to imp rove the sine degree of the output voltage This is the operating mode D , Fig 2 shows the equivalent scheme of each mode In a wo rd , when the direction of the output voltage is the same with that of the output current, the inverter operates in the mode A and mode C, in which the input powers the load W hen the direction of the output voltage is oppo- site to that of the output current, the inverter

operates in the mode B andD, in which energy is fed back from C o to input supply. U nder different kinds of loads, the orders of the operating modes are different For the capacitive load , the order of the operating modes is A - B"C"D . For the inductive load , the order isD"C- B"A . For the resistant load , the inverter only operates in modes A and C. In implementation, the fifth operating mode can be employed to ensure the system stable, in 1994-2010

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No. 1

Gong Chunying, et al New type Single "Stage DC /\C Inverter

21

which the capacitor is charged or discharged and/ or the secondary current is kept flowing, while

V 1 and V 2 are tured off, V 3 and V 4 rem ained as they were

when the voltage error is within a range. 1 2 Smulational and Experimental Results Under the capacitive load and inductive load, the simulation of output voltage (V (5)), error signal (V (18)) and control signals of the four power switches (V (11), V (12), V (13),

V (14)) are respectively shown in Figs 3 (a, b). Fig. 4 shows

the corresponding experimental results of a 500 VA prototype inverter The ex - perimental results under the resistant load are similar to those with capacitive load. The difference is the less feedback energy, i e , the time ofmodesB and D is short;
(a) Uunder capacitive load

t/s
(b) U nder inductive load Fig 4 Experimentalwaveform s

These results demonstrate that this inverter has good adaptation to different loads The total harmonic content (THD) of the sine output voltage is lower than 3% for 0. 9 power factor leading, 1 power factor and 0 75 power factor lagging load. For 270 V input voltage, the efficiency is 89% with the rated resistive load. It shows that this inverter has high
(a) Under capacitive load

efficiency. A s a result, it is easy to achieve high power density.

A prototype is designed with the following param eters: Input voltage is 270 V dc, output rm s vo ltage is 115V, output frequency is 400 Hz, output rated power is 500 VA , sw itch frequency is 50 kHz

PUSH-PULL

SINGLE-STAGE

DC /AC INVERTER FOR LOW INPUT VOLTAGE

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Fig. 5 show s the schematic circuit of a push - 1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House.

(b) U nder inductive load F ig 3 Smulational waveform s

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Vol 19

pull single-stage DC/AC inverter and T1 is a high -frequency transfoimer

(c) Uo <0, io <0

Fig 5 Schematic circuit of a push "pull single "stage DC/AC inverter

2 1 Operational principle The inverter is sim ilar to the half'b ridge sin - gle-stage inverter, based on the flyback converter By controlling V 1,V
2

,V 3 and V 4, four operating modes can be obtained, each of

(d) Uo <0, io >0 F ig 6 Equivalent schemes of the four modes

which is equivalent to a flyback converter Fig. 6 show s the equivalent schemes for the four modes Where, in mode A and C, energy is transm itted forward But in mode B and D energy is fed back 2 2 Characteristics of the inverter The voltage stress ofV
1

2
rs:

3 Experimental results A prototype is designed with the following p aram e te Input voltage is 48 V , output rm s voltage is 220 V,

and V2 is two times of the

maximum of the input voltage The snub - ber circuit is required for absorbing the energy of the leakage flux and clamping the voltage Hence, the inverter is suited for lower input volt" age

output frequency is 50 Hz, output rated power is 500VA , switch frequency is 40 kHz Under the resistive load the waveforms of the output voltage, input current and the controlling signal of the four power switches are shown in Figs 7 (a, b), respectively.

CONCLUSONS
This paper presents two single-stage high - frequency

inverters The operating principle and feasibility of the inverters are verified by simula- tional and experimental results The characteristics of the inverter are as follow s:
(a) Uo >0, io >0

(1) circuit

Simple structure and high reliability Only four

switches without filter inductor are needed for the power (2) High efficiency and power density Because
+ '2 +

D,

-N
(L,

L
Z, U.

energy is converted for only once and in each mode only one switch is in high-frequency modulation, the switch losses can be reduced

c.~

vTl
(b) Uo >0, io < 0

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No. 1

Gong Ch

I/ms (a) Output voltage and input current (R 3 : Vo 250V (b) Control signal of four switches (R 1 ~ R
4 : V i~ V4 /:5 m s/div)

/div; R 4 : Idcin50A /div t:5ms/div) Fig 7 Expermentalwaveform s under the resistive load

However, hard-switching turn -off and high peak current make the two inverters only be
suitable for smaller power

Gong Chunying, L iQ im ing, GuJianping, et al 1 kVA high frequency soft-switching three-phase in- verter[J ]. Journal of N anjing U niversity of A reonau- tics & Astronautics, 2001, 33 (5): 432~ 436 (in Chinese)

REFERENCES
1 Chen Xin, Xie Shaojun, Yan Yangguang Study of switching "node preset optimum SPWM control strategy [J ]. Journal of N anjing U niversity of A renautics & A stronautics, 2000, 32(3): 148~ 153 (in Chinese) 2 PengDenming Study of static inverter with current control [D ]: [dissertation]. Nanjing University of Areonautics & Astronautics, 1985 21 ~ 22 ( in Chinese) 3 Xiao L . Research of single-phase and three-phase soft-switching static inverter [D ]: [dissertations]. Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, 1998 10~ 30(in Chinese) 4 Wan Huizhen, Tong Yongshen, Yan Yangguang Development of 400 Hz soft-sw itching inverter[J ]. Power Electronics, 1997,31(3): 52~ 54(in Chinese)

Gong Chunying, Xiao L an, Yan Yangguang Development of 3 kVA DC/AC soft-sw itching inverter[J ]. Journal of N anjing U niversity of A reonautics & A s- tronautics, 2000, 32(2): 194~ 199(in Chinese)

Huang M ingchao, LinXunwei Novel current mode bi-directional high-frequency link DC/AC converter forUPS[C ]. In: IEEE PESC '98, 1998 1867~ 1871

L iW ei, Gong Chunying A new-type DC/AC inverter^]. In: APSC '2000, Nanjing,2000 107~ 111

M atsuiM , NagaiM , MochizukiM , e t a l High frequency link DC/AC converter w ith suppressed voltage clamp circuits naturally commutated phase angle controlwith self turn off devices[J]. IEEE Trans on A, 1996, 32(2): 29~ 32

10 Narayana Prakash S R, AnadaMohan P V, Iyengar B S R. A novel high frequency PWM push-pull inverter generates sinusoidal output voltage at 50Hz [C]. In: NTELE '90, 1990 35~ 40

DC /AC
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MS

DC/\C

^#M: ^; #-^^;DC/AC TM464

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