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ISBN 978-5-98180-945-3

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 , 2011

IRAN AND THE CLASSICAL WORLD:

POLITICAL, CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC
CONTACTS OF TWO CIVILIZATIONS

Abstracts of papers of international conference

(Kazan, 1416 September 2011)

KAZAN UNIVERSITY
2011

Published according to decision of the

Department of Ancient and Medieval History,
Kazan (Volga region) Federal University

Edited by
Dr. E.V. Rung,
Dr. Prof. O.L. Gabelko

Reviewed by
Dr. prof. S.Yu. Monakhov (Saratov State University),
Department of General History and Classical Disciplines,
Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University

Iran and the Classical World: Political, Cultural and Economic Contacts of Two
Civilizations: abstracts of papers of international conference (Kazan, 1416
September 2011) / Compiled and edited by E. Rung and O. Gabelko. Kazan: Kazan
University, 2011. 127 p.
ISBN 978-5-98180-945-3
This book is the collection of abstracts of papers presented in the international
conference Iran and the Classical World: Political, Cultural and Economic Contacts of
Two Civilizations which was hold in Kazan university from 14 to 16 September of 2011.
This conference is aimed to study the different contacts between Iran and the Greek-Roman
World from the VI-th century B.C. to the VI-th century A.D. The conference was planned to
be an interdisciplinary forum which gather the historians, archaeologists, philologists from
Russian Federation, Austria, France, Germany, Great Britain, Iran, Poland, Spain, Turkey,
Ukraine, United States of America the experts in the different aspects of the history and
culture of Achaemenid Empire, Parthia, Sassanian Iran, Ancient Greece, Hellenistic World,
Roman Republic and Empire, Iranian nomads. The book is addressed to the scholars in
Ancient History, students and all people interested in the relations between East and West.

ISBN 978-5-98180-945-3

Group of authors, 2011

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A.A. Ambartsumian
St. Petersburg
THE STORY OF ZARIADRES AND ODATIS IN CHARES OF MYTILENE
(ATHENAEUS 575), ITS IRANIAN ORIGIN AND INFLUENCE ON THE CREATION
OF FOLKLORE MOTIVES IN WESTERN AND ORIENTAL LITERATURE
The Old-Iranian love story of Zariadres and Odatis has been known due to the
retelling of the Greek writer Athenaeus of Naucratis (The Deipnosophistae, 575),
who in his turn obtained it from The History of Alexander the Great by Chares of
Mytilene. The latter was familiar with Persian customs, originated from Aeolis, subjected to Persians, and accompanied Alexander in his Persian campaigns. The action
place of the story stretches from Media and the lower country (Persia), the upper
country, Caspian Gates to the kingdom of the Tanais tribe Marathians. The lead characters are Zariadres, younger brother of Hystaspes (sons of gods Adonis and Aphrodite), and Odatis, daughter of the Marathians king Omartes. Both characters at a time
fall in love in a dream. In search of his beloved Zariadres, disguised in a dress of a
Scythian warrior, enters the feast, during the course of which Odatis is to choose her
bridegroom. She bestows the golden bowl to Zariadres, then flees with him from the
fathers house. At the end of the story Chares adds that this love story was greatly
esteemed by the barbarians of Asia, who painted scenes from it on the walls of temples, palaces, as well as in private houses. The story itself might have had a ritual
significance (not relating to the cults of Sun God or Anahit, as supposed earlier), and,
possibly, served as a visual illustration of the initiation ceremony, connected with the
arrival of maturity (in the context of earlier rites closely related to the shamanistic
practices).
The study of the story deals with several problems. First, with the problem of
time and place, as well as the origin of the tale (Median or Old Persian). Second, with
the problem of its correlation to the very similar epic fragment of Zoroastrian Kayanid legend on Zarer (Aydgr \ Zar]rn, Shhnme), whose name is attested in the
Avesta as Zairivairi. In spite of the lack of a romantic motive in the Zoroastrian version, both stories have common elements (in Shhnme the romance is transmitted to
Gushtasp and Katayun). Both pairs of brothers Hystaspes and Zariadres Gushtasp
89

* 
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Iranian Legacy in the Hellenistic World
and Zarer have enigmatic parents. In this connection Zarr is a direct phonetic development of the Median form Zariadr (in Arm. Zareh), rather than the Avestan one
Zairivairi (possible Middle Iranian forms are Zarwar and Zarr). The question may be
elucidated in case of more correct etymologic interpretation of both names: Zairivairi
having golden breast plate (armor) and Zariadr having golden clothing/footwear.
In this instance, the Median form might have been a result of the dialectal change of
the Avestan Zairivairi.
It is likely that popularity of the story of Zariadres and Odatis has not been confined only with the Iranian and Greek worlds, similar motives under the influence of
Old Iranian and Old Indian prototypes evolved also in the later classic Persian literature (T^t\-nme, A Thousand and One Day etc.), in other Middle Eastern literatures
(Miriani, The Arabian Nights etc.), as well as in the literatures of Western Europe
(The Romance of Seven Sages of Rome, Mabinogion, Amadis of Greece,
Palmerin of Oliva, Artus de Bretagne, Angus Og i Ker etc.).

90