akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti

AKAKI TSERETELI STATE UNIVERSITY

saerTaSoriso samecniero konferencia

quTaisuri saubrebi

XIII
Kutas dscussons Internacional Scientific Conference

samecniero konferenciis masalebi

eZRvneba qarTveluri dialeqtologiis samecniero-kvleviTi institutis 20 wlisTavs

Scientific conference materials

Dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the Scientific-Research Institute of Kartvelian Dialectology

17-18 maisi, 2013 weli 17-18 May, 2013

Kutaisi

simpoziumi tardeba akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universitetis samecniero-kvleviTi centris organizebiT

saerTaSoriso samecniero konferenciis saorganizacio komiteti:

prof. tariel futkaraZe /saorganizacio komitetis Tavmjdomare/, prof. eka dadiani, prof. daviT SavianiZe, prof. avTandil nikoleiSvili, prof. giorgi CiraZe, prof. rusudan saRinaZe, prof. Salva kirTaZe, prof. luiza xaWapuriZe.

simpoziumis ZiriTadi samuSao ena - qarTuli; samuSao enebia agreTve: inglisuri, Turquli, sparsuli.

reglamenti:

moxsenebisTvis - 15 wuTi misalmebisTvis - 5 wuTi kiTxvisaTvis - 1 wuTi pasuxisaTvis - 3 wuTi msjelobisaTvis - 5 wuTi

misamarTi: quTaisi, Tamar mefis q. #59

awsu samecniero-kvleviTi centri

The Symposium is organized by the Scientific-Research Center of Akaki Tsereteli State University

Organizing Board:
Prof. Tariel Putkaradze /Chairman of the organizing board/, Prof. Eka dadiani, Prof. David Shavianidze, Prof. Avtandil Nikoleishvili, Prof. Giorgi Chiradze, Prof. Rusudan Saginadze, Prof. Shalva Kirtadze, Prof. Luiza Khachapuridze

The chief of the symposium is Georgian; The other work languages are: English, Turkish, Persian

Time limit: Reports: 15 minutes Questions: 1 minutes Answers: 3 minutes Discussion: 5 minutes

Address: #59 Tamar Mepe Str., Kutaisi

Scientific-Research Center of Akaki Tsereteli State University

simpoziumis samuSao gegma

17 maisi, paraskevi, 2013 weli 1130 - 1230 sT.
konferenciis monawileTa registracia

1230 - 1330 sT. saerTaSoriso konferenciis gaxsna

universitetis `mwvane" darbazi
Sesavali sityva: giorgi RavTaZe /akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universitetis
reqtori/

simpoziumis dalocva: quTaTel-gaenaTeli mitropoliti meufe kalistrate

(margalitaSvili)

misalmebani:
magali Todua
akademikosi/ /filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori,

sergo

vardosaniZe /saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qarTuli universitetis reqtori/ xufenia /zugdidis universitetis reqtori/
universitetis reqtori/ saxelmwifo saswavlo

Teona

alioSa bakuriZe /baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo giorgi sosiaSvili /goris universitetis reqtori/
saxelmwifo saswavlo

merab beriZe /axalcixis saswavlo universitetis reqtori/ Tedo uTurgaiZe /arn. Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis
instituti/

Teimuraz SaSiaSvili /quTaisis meri 1993-1995 wlebSi/ eka dadiani (akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universitetis
samecniero centris qarTveluri dialeqtologiis mimarTulebis xelmZRvaneli) qarTveluri dialeqtologiis samecniero-kvleviTi institutis 20-wliani muSaobis angariSi.

1330 - 1400 Sesveneba, samxari 17 maisi, paraskevi, 2013 weli 1400 - 1630 sT. I plenaruli sxdoma
universitetis `mwvane darbazi"
Tavmjdomareebi: prof. marine qacarava prof. tariel futkaraZe avTandil nikoleiSvili zutneri saqarTveloSi. romani `aWarlebi. murad qasabi (TurqeTi. saqarTvelosTan megobrobis asociacia) - osmaleTis imperiis qarTveli didvezirebi. SuSana futkaraZe, ramaz surmaniZe (baTumi. SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti) - loman efendi qarcivaZe - didebuli qarTveli moRvawe, swavluli da eriskaci. gvanca gvancelaZe, Teimuraz gvancelaZe (Tbilisi. soxumis saxelmwifo universiteti) - enobrivi situacia engur-yubanis SuamdinareTSi (IX-X saukuneebi). lia axalaZe (Tbilisi. soxumis saxelmwifo universiteti) saqarTvelos materialuri kulturis Zeglebis saerTaSoriso monitoringi afxazeTSi da misi Sedegebi. said muliani (irani. fereidunSahris universiteti) qarTul-somxuri urTierToba fereidanSi. hosein ahmadi (irani. azadis islamuri universiteti) iranis generaluri sakonsulo: amerikisa da
saxelmwifo (quTaisi. akaki universiteti) - artur wereTlis

evropis qveynebis interesebis damcveli saqarTveloSi (1918-1921). giorgi sosiaSvili (goris saxelmwifo saswavlo universiteti) - robert qer porteris cnobebi aleqsandre batoniSvilis moRvaweobis Sesaxeb

1630 sT. - 1800 sT.

diskusia Temaze: `zmnur formaTa klasifikaciis principebi universitetis `mwvane darbazi"
diskusiis spikeri: prof. JuJuna feiqriSvili ZiriTadi momxseneblebi: damana meliqiSvili (Tbilisi. ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo universiteti) meTodologiuri problemebi qarTuli enis gramatikul literaturaSi (zmnur formaTa morfo-sintaqsuri analizi) tariel futkaraZe (Tbilisi. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos
andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qarTuli universiteti) - qarTul zmnur formaTa gandasebis

meTodologiuri safuZvlebisaTvis. msjelobaSi monawileTa gamosvlebi

/reglamenti 10 wuTi/

1900 - 2100 sT. oficialuri vaxSami 18 maisi 1000 - 1245 sT. I seqcia qarTuli saliteraturo ena da qarTveluri dialeqtebi
universitetis `mwvane darbazi"
Tavmjdomareebi: prof. maia miqautaZe prof. nomadi barTaia nomadi barTaia (quTaisi. akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti) - qarTuli samzareulos sparsuli

leqsikidan ioseb griSaSvilis `qalaquri leqsikonis mixedviT. TinaTin Turqia (Tbilisi. soxumis saxelmwifo universiteti) - adgil- leqsemis formobriv-semantikuri variaciebi qarTul kiloebSi. eTer beriZe (baTumi. SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti) - aWaruli dialeqtis saleqsikono masala. maia miqautaZe (akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti) - idiomatur gamoTqmaTa erTi jgufisaTvis taoursa da imerxeulSi. maia kikvaZe (baTumi. SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti) - wodebiTi brunva samxrul kiloebSi. 8

naTela fartenaZe (baTumi. SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti) - garemoeba SavSurSi. cira gogebaSvili (Tbilisi. arnold Ciqobavas saxelobis

enaTmecnierebis instituti) - Coluruli (svanuri) leqsikidan. ciala bendeliani (xonis saganmanaTlebo saswavlo centri) qarTuli/qarTveluri sametyvelo

giga

kodebi globalizaciis konteqstSi da sinqroniuli aRweris aspeqtebi. qamuSaZe (quTaisi. akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti) - qarTuli enis gavlenisaTvis Turqul dialeqtur metyvelebaze (ianeTSi
repatriirebulTa monacemebis mixedviT). ermiSi (saqarTveloSi TurqeTis saelCos ganaTlebis mrCevelis warmomadgeneli) - Turquli

deniz

dialeqtologiis istoriidan. lali axalaZe (Tbilisi. soxumis saxelmwifo universiteti) inkluziuri ganaTlebis adgili qarTul saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi.

II seqcia saqarTvelos istoria da eTnografia

zviad gamsaxurdias saxelobis kabineti
Tavmjdomareebi: prof. luiza xaWapuriZe prof. daviT SavianiZe SuSana futkaraZe (baTumi. SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti) - eqvTime TayaiSvilis maspinZlebi istoriul taoSi. omar ardaSelia (Tbilisi. soxumis saxelmwifo universiteti) - afxazeTi rusul geopolitikur diskursSi. merab kezevaZe (quTaisis centraluri arqivi) - quTaisis daviT aRmaSeneblis sakaTedro taZris (soboros) nivT-samkauli. ineza gabelaia, daviT SavianiZe (quTaisi. akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti) - samegrelos istoriulgeografiuli da eTnografiuli aRwera (axali eTnografiuli masalis mixedviT). nino vaSaymaZe (quTaisi. akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti) - samxreT kavkasiiis respublikaTa sadavo teritoriuli problemebis urTierTSeTanxmebis gziT gadawyvetis mcdeloba 19181920 wlebSi. rusudan kaSia (quTaisi. akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti) - Sinagan sneulebaTa samkurnalo saSualebebi xalxur medicinaSi (qvemo imereTis eTnografiuli masalebis mixedviT). luiza xaWapuriZe, daviT SavianiZe (quTaisi. akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti) - saqarTvelos 10

religiuri da eTnikur-politikuri sazRvris sakiTxisaTvis VI-XI saukuneebSi. mimoza JorJoliani (quTaisi) - frinvelis gamosaxulebiani sabeWdavi beWedi quTaisis muzeumidan. ramaz xaWapuriZe (quTaisi. akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti) - bibliuri siuJetebi okribis Temis masalebis mixedviT. elene gegeSiZe (quTaisis universiteti) - teqnokratizmi da msoflmxedvelobrivi tendenciebi.

11

III seqcia qarTveluri onomastika

universitetis sakonferencio darbazi
Tavmjdomareebi: prof. rusudan saRinaZe, prof. merab naWyebia revaz Serozia
universiteti) (zugdidi.

masalisaTvis X. qeTevan goderZiSvili (Tbilisi. ilias saxelmwifo universiteti) - kalendarul-kanonikur saxelTa sami rigisTvis. rusudan saRinaZe (quTaisi. akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti) - vasalitetis aRmniSvneli zogierTi terminis evfemisturi funqcia qarTulSi qeTevan margiani (Tbilisi. soxumis saxelmwifo universiteti) - aRmosavluri warmomavlobis anTroponimebi svanurSi. nikoloz oTinaSvili (goris saxelmwifo saswavlo universiteti) - sofel Zeglevis toponomastikuri masalebi. igor kekelia (quTaisi. akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti) - afxazeTis istoriuli toponimiidan (moqvi, rabiwa). maka salia - baRvi, baRva leqsemaTa urTierTmimarTebisaTvis. Tamila zviadaZe (Tbilisi. soxumis saxelmwifo universiteti) dargobrivi leqsika otia ioselianis avtobiografiul novelebSi. Tamar giTolendia (Tbilisi. soxumis saxelmwifo universiteti) polisemiis zogi aspeqti qarTulSi. merab naWyebia (Tbilisi. soxumis saxelmwifo universiteti) wmindanTa saxelebi da saeklesio Tematika qarTul toponimebSi.

qarTveluri

SoTa

mesxias

etimologiuri

saxelmwifo

12

18 maisi 1300 - 1500 sT. II plenaruli sxdoma

universitetis `mwvane darbazi"
Tavmjdomareebi: prof. eka dadiani, prof. said muliani JuJuna feiqriSvili dialeqtologiuri kvlevis tradicia quTaisis pedagogiur institutSi da qeTevan ZoweniZe. iza CantlaZe (Tbilisi. arnold Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis instituti) - empiriul monacemTa da arqiformaTa urTierTmimarTebisaTvis komparativistul qarTvelologiaSi. tariel futkaraZe, eka dadiani, qeTevan gurCiani
saxelmwifo (quTaisi. universiteti) akaki wereTlis

- qarTveluri arqiformebi, qarTveluri enobrivi samyaros segmentaciis sakiTxi da qarTuli enis Tanamedrove gamowvevebi. Tedo uTurgaiZe (Tbilisi. arnold Ciqobavas saxelobis

(quTaisi. akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti)

enaTmecnierebis instituti) - sintagmis wevrTa blokireba qarTulSi manana tabiZe (Tbilisi. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wm. andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qarTuli universiteti) - mahmadianuri religiisa da misi

mimdevrebis markirebis sakiTxisaTvis qarTulSi.

13

marine

qacarava

- niko nikolaZis publicisturi nawerebis enisaTvis (1870-1877). qeTevan margian-subari (Tbilisi. ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo universiteti) kvlav evidencialobisTvis svanur zmnaSi. mzia xaxutaiSvili (baTumi. SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti) - `dedabruli xeliT Sesrulebuli avgarozi. rusudan fifia, brolisa wulaia (Tbilisi. soxumis saxelmwifo universiteti) `vefxistyaosnis swavlebis sakiTxebi.
universiteti)

(quTaisi.

akaki

wereTlis

saxelmwifo

1500 - 1530 sT. Semajamebeli msjeloba

14

The work plan of the symposium

May 17, 2013, Friday, Kutaisi 1130 - 1230 Registration of the conference participants 1230 - 1330 Opening of the International conference Akaki Tsereteli State University Green Hall Opening speech: Professor Giorgi Gavtadze /Rector of Akaki Tsereteli State University/ Blessing of the sumpozium: The Most Reverend Kalistrate (margalitashvili) Greetings: Magali Todua /Academician, Doctor of Philological Sciences/ Sergo Vardosanidze /Rector of Saint Andrew the First-Called Georgian
University/ Teona Khupenia /Rector of Shota Meskhia Zugdidi State University/ Aliosha Bakuridze /Rector of Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University/ Giorgi Sosiashvili /Rector of Gori Teaching University/ Merab Beridze /Rector of Akhaltsikhe State University/ Tedo Uturgaidze /Arnold Chikobava Institute of Linguistics, Tbilisi/ Teimuraz Shashiashvili /Mayor of Kutaisi in 1993-1995/ Eka Dadiani /Head of Division, Scientific-Research Center of Kartvelian Dialectology affiliated to Akaki Tsereteli State University/ Scientific-Research Institute of Kartvelian Dialectology Report. 20 Years of Research.

1330 1400 Break 15

May 17, 2013, Friday 1400-1630

Plenary Session I
Akaki Tsereteli State University Green Hall Chairpersons: Marine Katsarava , Tariel Putkaradze Avtandil Nikoleishvili (Kutaisi. Akaki Tsereteli State University) Arthur Gundaccar von Suttner in Georgia. Novel: Die Adjaren. Murad Kasab (Turkish-Georgian Friendship Association, Turkey) Georgian Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire. Shushana Putkaradze, Ramaz Surmanidze (Batumi. Shota Rustaveli State University) Loman Efendi Kartsivadze Great Georgian Erudite and Public Figure. Gvantsa Gvantseladze, Teimuraz Gvantseladze (Tbilisi. Sokhumi State University) Linguistic Situation in the Area between the Rivers Enguri and Kuban (9th10th cc.). Lia Akhaladze (Tbilisi. Sokhumi State University) International Monitoring of Monuments of Georgian Material Culture in Abkhazia and its Outcomes. Said Muliani (Fereydunshahr University, Iran) GeorgianArmenian Relations in Faridan. Hossein Ahmadi (Islamic Azad University, Iran) Consulate General of Iran: American and European Countries Interests Protector in Georgia (1921-1918). Giorgi Sosiashvili (Gori Teaching University) Robert Ker Porter on Alexander Batonishvili.

16

1630-1800 Round Table on the Issue of Principles for Classification of Verb Forms Akaki Tsereteli State University Green Hall Discussion speaker: Prof. J. Peikrishvili Main presenters: Damana Melikishvili (Tbilisi. Ivane Javakhishvili State University) Methodological Problems in Grammatical Literature of Georgian (Morphosyntactic Analysis of Verb Forms). Tariel Putkaradze (Tbilisi. Saint Andrew the first-called Georgian University) On Methodological Basis for Classification of Georgian Verb Forms.

Discussions (Time limit: 10 minutes)

1900 - 2100 Official supper

17

May 18, 2013, Saturday 1000-1245

Session I
Georgian Literary Language and Kartvelian Dialects Akaki Tsereteli State University Green Hall Chairpersons: prof. Maia Mikatadze, Prof. Nomadi Bartaia Nomadi Bartaia (Kutaisi. Akaki Tsereteli State University) Persian Vocabulary in Georgian Cuisine according to Urban Dictionary by Ioseb Grishashvili. Tinatin Turkia (Tbilisi. Sokhumi State University) FormSemantic Variations of Lexeme adgil- in Georgian Dialects. Eter Beridze (Batumi. Shota Rustaveli State University) Materials for the Dictionary of the Acharan Dialect. Maia Mikautadze (Kutaisi. Akaki Tsereteli State University) On One Group of Idiomatic Expressions in Taoan and Imerkhevian. Maia Kikvadze (Batumi. Shota Rustaveli State University) Vocative Case in Dialects of Southern Georgia. Natela Partenadze (Batumi. Shota Rustaveli State University) Adverb in Shavshian. Tsira Gogebashvili (Arnold Chikobava Institute of Linguistics, Tbilisi) From Lexis of Cholurulian (Svan). Tsiala Bendeliani (Khoni Educational-Teaching Center) Georgian/Kartvelian Speech Codes within the Globalization Context and Aspects of Synchronic Description. Giga Kamushadze (Kutaisi. Akaki Tsereteli State University) On the Influence of the Georgian Language on Turkish Dialects (according to the Data of Ianeti Repatriates). Deniz Ermis (Representative of Educational Consultant, Embassy of the Republic of Turkey to Georgia) From the History of Turkish Dialectology. Lali Akhaladze (Tbilisi. Sokhumi State University) Inclusive Education within the Georgian Education Area. 18

Session II
History and Ethnography of Georgia The Office named after Zviad Gamsakhurdia Chairpersons: prof. Luiza Khachapuridze, Prof. David Shavianidze Shushana Putkaradze (Batumi. Shota Rustaveli State University) Ekvtime Takaishvilis Hosts in Historical Tao. Omar Ardashelia (Tbilisi. Sokhumi State University) pkhazeti in Russian Geopolitical Discourse. Merab Kezevadze (Kutaisi Central Archive) Items and Jewellery of Kutaisi David Aghmashenebeli Cathedral (Soboro). Ineza Gabelaia, David Shavianidze (Kutaisi. Akaki Tsereteli State University) Historic, Historical-Geographical and Ethnographic Description of Samegrelo (according to New Ethnographic Materials). Nino Vashakmadze (Kutaisi. Akaki Tsereteli State University) Attempt to Resolve Territorial Disputes of Southern Caucasus Republics through Reciprocal Arrangements in 1918-1920. Rusudan Kashia (Kutaisi. Akaki Tsereteli State University) Remedies for Internal Diseases in Folk Medicine (according to Kvemo Imereti (Lower Imereti) Ethnographic Materials). Luiza Khachapuridze, David Shavianidze (Kutaisi. Akaki Tsereteli State University) On the Issue of Religious and EthnicPolitical Boundary of Georgia in the 6th 11th centuries. Mimoza Zhorzholiani (Kutaisi) Seal with Bird Shape from Kutaisi Museum. Ramaz Khachapuridze (Kutaisi. Akaki Tsereteli State University) Biblical Stories according to Materials of Okriba Community. Elene Gegeshidze (Kutaisi University) Technocratism and Ideological Tendencies. 19

Session III
Kartvelian Onomastics Akaki Tsereteli State University Conference Hall Chairpersons: prof. Rusudan Saginadze, Prof. Merab Nachkebia Revaz Sherozia (Zugdidi. Shota Meskhia State University) On Kartvelian Etymological Material X. Ketevan Goderdzishvili (Tbilisi. Ilia State University) On Three Groups of Calendar-Canonical Proper Names. Rusudan Saghinadze (Kutaisi. Akaki Tsereteli State University) Euphemistic Function of Some Terms Denoting Vassalage in Georgian. Ketevan Margiani (Tbilisi. Sokhumi State University) Anthroponyms of Oriental Origin in Svan. Nikoloz Otinashvili (Gori Educational University) Toponomastic Materials of Village Dzeglevi. Igor Kekelia (Kutaisi. Akaki Tsereteli State University) From the Historical Toponymy of Apkhazeti (Mokvi, Rabitsa). Maka Salia (Zugdidi) On Interrelationship between bavi, bava Lexemes. Tamila ZviadaZe (Tbilisi. Sokhumi State University) Special Lexis in Otia Ioselianis Autobiographical Novels. Tamar Gitolendia (Tbilisi. Sokhumi State University) Some Aspects of Polysemy in Georgian. Merab Nachkebia (Tbilisi. Sokhumi State University) Names of Saints and Ecclesiastical Thematics in Georgian Toponyms.

20

May 18, 2013, Saturday 1300-1500

Plenary Session II
Akaki Tsereteli State University Green Hall Chairpersons: prof. Eka Dadiani, Prof. Said Muliani Zhuzhuna Peikrishvili (Kutaisi. Akaki Tsereteli State University) Tradition of Dialectological Research at Kutaisi Pedagogical Institute and Ketevan Dzotsenidze. Iza Chantladze (Arnold Chikobava Institute of Linguistics, Tbilisi) On Interrelationship between Empirical Data and Archiforms in Comparativistic Kartvelology. Tariel Putkaradze, Eka Dadiani, Ketevan Gurchiani (Kutaisi. Akaki Tsereteli State University) Kartvelian Archiforms, the Issue of Segmentation of the World of Kartvelian Languages and Current Challenges of the Georgian Language. Tedo Uturgaidze (Arnold Chikobava Institute of Linguistics, Tbilisi) Blocking of Members of a Syntagma in Georgian. Manana Tabidze (Tbilisi. Saint Andrew the first-called Georgian University) On the Issue of Marking Islam and its Followers in Georgian. Marine Katsarava (Kutaisi. Akaki Tsereteli State University) On the Language of Niko Nikoladzes Publicistic Writings (18701877). Ketevan Margiani-Subari (Tbilisi. Ivane Javakhishvili State University) Again on Evidentiality of Verb in Svan. Mzia Khakhutaishvili (Batumi. Shota Rustaveli State University) Amulet in Dedabruli Handwriting. Rusudan Pipia, Brolisa Tsulaia (Tbilisi. Sokhumi State University) The Issues of Teaching The Knight in the Panther's Skin. 1500 1530 Summing up discussion 21

omar ardaSelia (soxumis saxelmwifo universiteti) afxazeTi rusul geopolitikur diskursSi 2011 wels sankt-peterburgSi iuridiuli pres-centris gamomcemlobam iuridiuli asociaciis centris egidiT gamosca cnobili afxazi filosofosis oleg damenias sqeltaniani naSromi afxazeTi saukuneTa gasayarze. naSromSi avtori cdilobs mkiTxvelis winaSe dasvas sakiTxi, saiT mieqaneba afxazuri sazogadoeba Tanamedrove, mudmivad transformirebad samyaroSi. Tumca iqve scems am kiTxvas pasuxs da istoriuli faqtebis Taviseburi interpretaciiT an gverdis avliT cdilobs mkiTxveli daarwmunos, rom afxazeTis politikuri arCevani mxolod rusul geopolitikur diskursSi unda ganixilebodes. marTalia, oleg damenias wigni ZiriTadad politikuri xasiaTisaa, magram miekuTvneba politikis, istoriis, filosofiisa da sociologiis erTgvar nazavs. avtoris sasargeblod unda iTqvas, rom ukanasknel wlebSi afxazeTsa da ruseTSi gamoqveynebul msgavsi xasiaTis Sromebs Soris es wigni yvelaze naklebad aris isteriuli da antiqarTuli xasiaTisa, radgan masSi gacilebiT mSvid tonalobaSi, vidre amas akeTebdnen misi winamorbedi mkvlevrebi, mocemulia, Tu rogor viTardeba dRes afxazuri sazogadoeba, ra istoria uZRoda win im movlenebs, ramac afxazur sazogadoebas gza misca e.w. Tavisufali da demokratiuli konstituciuri ganviTarebisaken. wigni Sedgeba sami Tavisa da mravali paragrafisagan. bunebrivia, Cven ver SevexebiT aRniSnul naSromSi avtoris mier dasmul yvela problemas, Cveni yuradReba miiqcia im faqtma, rom aq gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba afxazeTis rolsa da mniSvnelobas ruseTsa da dasavleTs Soris mimdinare geopolitikur diskursSi. am kuTxiT gansakuTrebiT TvalSisacemia ramdenime garemoeba: I. avtori cdilobs saqarTvelo-ruseTis geopolitikuri winaaRmdegobani qarTul-afxazur da

22

qarTul-osur konfliqtad monaTlos, cdilobs gaiTvaliswinos Tanamedrove afxazeTSi Seqmnili politikuri viTareba da masze dayrdnobiT mogvces uaxlesi periodis istoriuli faqtebis araswori an Taviseburi interpretacia. gamokveTilad igrZnoba separatistuli nomenklaturis gavlena; avtoris Txroba mTlianad mimarTulia afxazeTSi dRes mimdinare politikuri procesebis gamarTlebisaken, rac miuRebeli da dauSvebelia istoriuli WeSmaritebis dadgenis gzaze, miT ufro gaugebaria geopolitikuri kvlevis procesSi. II. avtoris azriT, afxazeTis arCevani ganpirobebulia afxazeTisa da ruseTis saerTo interesebiT, romelic mimarTulia dasavleTisa da saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg. swored amitom afxazeTi mxolod rusul geopolitikur diskursSi unda ganixilebodes. III. sagulisxmoa is faqti, rom prof. oleg damenia afxaz avtorTa Soris lamis erTaderTia, romelic aRiarebs, rom afxazebi da qarTvelebi, rogorc kavkasieli xalxebi, kulturul-istoriuli xasiaTiTa da mentalitetiT, garda abazebisa da adiReelebisa, yvelaze axlos arian erTmaneTTan, rac dakavSirebulia saerTo istoriul yofasTan, tradiciebsa da naTesaobasTan. am SefasebiT avtorma SeZlo amaRlebuliyo XX saukunis 90iani wlebisa da XXI saukunis im avtorebze, romelTa azriT, qarTvelebsa da afxazebs saerTo araferi hqondaT; ufro metic, afxazebs mezobluri urTierTobebi hqondaT somxebTan, rusebTan, slavebTan, goTebTan da, Tqven warmoidgineT, koptebTanac ki, qarTvelebTan ki aranairi samezoblo urTierTobebi ar CamouyalibdaT, radgan qarTvelebi faSistebi iyvnen da a. S. msgavsi isteriuli ganwyoba aRniSnul naSroms ar axasiaTebs, Tumca avtori didmniSvnelovnad acxadebs, rom afxazebma, isargebles ra 1992 wels saqarTvelos mier 1978 wlis konstituciis gauqmebiT da afxazeTTan konstituciur-samarTlebrivi urTierTobis gawyvetiT, aRadgines 1925 wlis konstitucia da 1992 wlis ivlisSi gamoacxades afxazeTis damoukidebloba, magram rogorc suverenul, demokratiul da samarTlebriv saxelmwifos SeSvenis, afxazeTma 1994

23

wlis noemberSi miiRo axali konstitucia. aq avtori aSkarad iZleva istoriuli faqtebis Tavisebur interpretacias, rac dauSvebelia rogorc istoriuli, aseve politikis kvlevis procesSi. garda amisa, romel samarTlebriv da demokratiul saxelmwifozea saubari, roca mosaxleobis 45% an eTnowmendis msxverplia, an gamoZevebulia afxazeTidan? IV. wignSi XIX saukuneSi saqarTveloSi mimdinare erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis dakninebis fonze gazviadebulia afxazTa antirusuli ajanyebebis roli da mniSvneloba kavkasiaSi ruseTis damkvidrebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. avtoris azriT, afxazebi da qarTvelebi interesTa sxvadasxvaobis gamo arasodes gamodiodnen saerTo mtris winaaRmdeg, radgan saqarTvelos yovelTvis moRalaturi pozicia ekava afxazebis mimarT. ase moxda XX saukuneSic - qarTvelebi da afxazebi kvlav sxvadasxva mxares aRmoCndnen. afxazebma airCies swori geopolitikuri veqtori - ruseTi, xolo qarTvelebma ver daZlies SiSis sindromi da arCevani kvlav moRalaturad gaakeTes amjerad dasavleTze, anu, Tu XIX saukuneSi ruseTis arCevani iyo saqarTvelos mxridan Ralati, amjerad XX saukuneSi dasavleTze arCevanis gakeTebaa Ralati. samwuxarod, 533 gverdiani wigni msgavsi gulubryvilo da absurduli mtkicebebiTaa datvirTuli, riTac avtori cdilobs gaamarTlos afxazTa politikuri arCevani, romelsac afxazeTis xalxebis politikur arCevans uwodebs. kvlav arsad Cans afxazeTis a/r-is mosaxleobis 45%, romelsac srul ignorirebas uwevs avtori. V. miuRebelia avtoris toni da aSkara cinikuri damokidebuleba 1992-1993 wlebis ruseT-saqarTvelos omis mimarT, romelsac qarTul-afxazur oms uwodebs da arsad acxadebs sayovelTaod cnobili rusuli sajariso SenaerTebis Sesaxeb, romlebic kremlma omis dawyebisTanave afxazeTSi gadmoisrola. situaciis paradoqsi mdgomareobs imaSi, acxadebs avtori, rom patara afxazeTma saqarTvelosTan omi moigo da Tavi gamoacxada suverenul saxelmwifod?! miuxedavad am gancxadebisa, wignis erT-erT TavSi avtori cdilobs axsnas dRevandeli politikuri

24

situacia afxazeTSi ratomaa es suvereniteti arasrulyofili. VI. wignis erT-erT TavSi avtori cdilobs geopolitikur WrilSi warmoaCinos e. w. afxazeTis respublikisa da TurqeTis urTierTobebi da acxadebs, rom ara TurqeTis daxmareba, 1992-1993 wlebis omisSemdgom periodSi afxazeTi ekonomikur kriziss ver daZlevda. am gancxadebiT avtori fardas xdis CvenSi moarul doneze arsebul eWvebs, rom TurqeTi saerTaSoriso samarTlis darRveviT cdilobda ekonomikurad daxmareboda separatistul afxazeTs. sagulisxmoa isic, rom wignSi pirdapiraa miTiTebuli TurqeTis faqtorzec da gacxadebulia, rom afxazeTisadmi ruseTis geopolitikuri interesebis dakargvis SemTxvevaSi TurqeTi maTi saimedo mokavSire iqneba. oleg damenias naSromis sruli Sefaseba wignis imave formats moiTxovs. amjerad Cven SevecadeT qarTveli mkiTxvelisaTvis mokled gagvecno afxazuri politikuri istebliSmentis xedva afxazeTis geopolitikuri momavlisadmi.

25

lali axalaZe (soxumis saxelmwifo universiteti) inkluziuri ganaTlebis adgili qarTul saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris 2010 wlis #120/n brZanebis safuZvelze ganisazRvra umaRlesi ganaTlebis kvalifikaciaTa CarCo, romelSic sistematizebulia saqarTveloSi arsebuli umaRlesi (akademiuri) ganaTlebis kvalifikaciebi. aRniSnuli CarCos #4 danarTis (mimarTulebebis, dargebis/specialobebis, qvedargebis/specializaciebisa da profesiuli specializaciebis CamonaTvali) Tanaxmad, inkluziuri ganaTleba ganaTlebis mimarTulebis erT-erTi qvedargia da miekuTvneba ganaTlebis mecnierebebis specialobas. inkluziuri ganaTleba gulisxmobs yvela tipis specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis mqone moswavleebis CarTvas zogadsaganmanaTleblo saswavlo procesSi TanatolebTan erTad. inkluziuri ganaTleba aseve gulisxmobs SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone moswavleebis individualuri da/an modificirebuli saswavlo gegmebiT swavlebas, anu, inkluziuri ganaTlebis specialisti, garda specialuri codnisa, aR-Wurvili unda iyos maswavleblisaTvis aucilebeli kompetenciebiT, romelic daexmareba mas moswavleebTan urTierTobaSi. marTalia, inkluziuri ganaTlebis specialisti exmareba bavSvs metyvelebis, motorikis, emociuri Tu socialuri komunikaciis problemebis an funqciaTa SezRudvebis mTeli rigi kompleqsebis daZlevaSi, magram es daxmareba TavisTavad gulisxmobs im fsiqologiuri da pedagogiuri midgomebis codnas, romelic maswavleblis yoveldRiuri cxovrebis nawilia. am codnis gareSe SeuZlebelia inkluziuri ganaTlebis specialistma SeZlos im problemebis gadaWra, romelic sssm bavSvs mniSvnelovan siZneleebs uqmnis swavlasa da yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi. swored am problemebis gamo uWirs moswavles socialuri normebis CarCoebSi yofna, fizikuri da fsiqikuri stabilobis dacva, ufrosebsa da TanatolebTan

26

urTierToba. Cven mier zemoT miTiTebuli yvela problema SeuZlebelia gadaiWras pedagogiuri codnisa da maswavleblis kompetenciebis gareSe. anu, inkluziuri ganaTlebis specialisti inkluziuri ganaTlebis maswavlebelia da am SemTxvevaSi logikurad Cndeba kiTxva: Tu inkluziuri ganaTlebis specialisti maswavlebelia, maSin umaRlesi ganaTlebis kvalifikaciaTa CarCoSi ratomaa miTiTebuli rogorc ganaTlebis mecnierebebis qvedargi? dRes saqarTvelos umaRles saswavlo dawesebulebebSi akreditebul inkluziuri ganaTlebis programebSi samarTli-anad eTmoba mniSvnelovani adgili fsiqopedagogiur disciplinebs. anu, programis avtorebs sworad aqvT gaazrebuli inkluziuri ganaTlebis specialistis/maswavleblis aucilebeli kompetenciebi, Tumca am sakiTxSi programebTan SesabamisobaSi ver modis umaRlesi ganaTlebis kvalifikaciaTa CarCo. aqve aucilebelia davazustoT, rom inkluziuri ganaTlebis specialisti maswavlebelad (dargobrivi codnis gaTvaliswinebiT) iTvleba dasavlur saganmanaTleblo sivrceSic. Cveni azriT, dasavlur da qarTul saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi inkluziuri ganaTlebis swavlebis gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom aRniSnuli qvedargi maswavleblis ganaTlebis mimarTulebis erT-erTi qvedargi unda iyos da ara ganaTlebis mecnierebebis specializacia. aqedan gamomdinare, dRes ganaTlebis sistemaSi dagegmili reformis pirobebSi SesaZleblad migvaCnia umaRlesi ganaTlebis kvalifikaciaTa CarCoSi aRniSnuli xarvezis gasworeba.

27

lia axalaZe (soxumis saxelmwifo universiteti) saqarTvelos materialuri kulturis Zeglebis saerTaSoriso monitoringi afxazeTSi da misi Sedegebi saqarTvelos kulturuli memkvidreobis mniSvnelovani nawili Crdilo-dasavleT saqarTvelos, dRevandeli afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis teritoriaze mdebareobs. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo aRniSnul regionSi Tavis iurisdiqcias ver axorcielebs, ramac ganapiroba qarTuli kulturis Zeglebis mniSvnelovani nawilis xelyofa. es faqti didi xania specialistTa yuradRebis centrSia, magram maTi monitoringi verc qarTveli da verc ucxoeli specialistebis mier ver moxerxda. miuxedavad amisa, yovelwliurad okupirebuli teritoriidan araoficialurad gamotanili informaciis analizis safuZvelze dgeba specialuri angariSi regionSi arsebuli Zeglebis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb da, Sesabamisad, saqarTvelo informirebulia Seqmnili viTarebis Sesaxeb. qarTuli mxaris aqtiurobis Semdeg, muzeumebis saerTaSoriso sabWos (ICOM-is) davalebiT, 2011 wlis 31 oqtombridan 5 noembramde afxazeTSi materialuri kulturis Zeglebis mdgomareobis Seswavlis misiiT imyofeboda amave organizaciis ruseTis komiteti, romelmac jer kidev 2011 wlis dekembris TveSi gaavrcela informacia am vizitisa da misiis Sedegebis Sesaxeb, Tumca es informacia maleve gaqra da sajaro ar gamxdara. aRniSnuli masala mogvianebiT cnobili gaxda qarTuli mxarisaTvis, magram am sakiTxs, garda oriode samecniero konferenciisa da moxsenebisa, CvenTan seriozuli ganxilva da msjeloba ar mohyolia1.
1 2011 wlis 21 dekembers soxumis saxelmwifo universitetSi Catarda samecniero konferencia saqarTvelos kulturuli memkvidreoba okupirebul teritoriebze - afxazeTi. sagulisxmoa rom, ICOM-is ruseTis komitetis angariSi jer kidev ar iyo cnobili, magram arsebuli araoficialuri informaciis safuZvelze konferenciaze ganxilul iqna afxazeTis a/r materialuri kulturis Zeglebis mdgomareoba. konferenciis organizatorebma inglisur enaze Targmnes da saqarTveloSi akreditebul diplomatiur warmomadgenlobebs gaacnes arsebuli viTareba. konferenciam qarTul da inglisur enebze SeimuSava

28

saerTaSoriso monitoringis SedegebSi gamoikveTa Semdegi sakiTxebi: I. saeklesio arqiteqturis Zeglebis candrifSis, bediis, bzifis, drandis, moqvisa da iloris taZrebis, didi pitiuntis taZris, alaxaZis taZrebis kompleqsis, axal aTonSi wm. simon kananelisa da wm. panteleimonis taZrebis, aseve Teodore tironis eklesiis monitoringi, ris Sedegadac upiratesad dadasturda qarTuli mxaris informacia iloris, bediisa da drandis taZrebSi arasworad Catarebuli restavraciis Sesaxeb. angariSSi dafiqsirebulia manamde CvenTvis ucnobi informacia wm. simon kananelis taZarSi arasworad Catarebuli e. w. arqeologiuri gaTxrebi da misi savalalo Sedegebi. II. muzeumebisa da safortifikacio nagebobebis, kerZod, bzifisa da anakofiis cixeebis, suraTebis saxelmwifo nacionaluri galereis, afxazTa samefos muzeumisa da didi pitiuntis muzeumis monitoringi, romlis safuZvelze dadasturda arsebuli informacia da gamovlinda sruliad axali faqtebi aRniSnuli Zeglebis mZime mdgomareobis Sesaxeb.

mimarTva, romelic daegzavna Sesabamis saerTaSoriso organizaciebs (iunesko-s kulturuli memkvidreobis centrs; kulturul memkvidreobaTa dacvisa da restavraciis kvlevis saerTaSoriso centrs (ICCROM); Zeglebisa da RirsSesaniSnaobaTa saerTaSoriso centrs (ICOMOS); muzeumebis saerTaSoriso sabWos ( ICOM); lurji faris saerTaSoriso komitets (ICBS); gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis warmomadgenlobas; evrokavSiris monitoringis misias ( EUMM); Jenevis Sexvedris monawileebs; saqarTveloSi akreditebul diplomatiur korpuss da sxva saerTaSoriso organizaciebs; saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa saministros; saqarTvelos kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis erovnul saagentos. gamoica imave saxelwodebis specialuri krebuli qarTul enaze, momavalSi igegmeba misi gadamuSavebuli da Sevsebuli variantis inglisur da rusul enebze gamocema. 2012 wlis 12-15 ivniss iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriisa da eTnologiis institutis samecniero konferenciaze pirvelad gakeTda ICOM-is ruseTis komitetis angariSis mokle analizi. aRniSnul sakiTxs giorgi CubinaSvilis xelovnebis erovnulma centrma 2012 wlis 17 dekembers miuZRvna specialuri konferencia biWvinta. konferenciis monawileebma ganixiles rogorc biWvintis, aseve afxazeTis sxva Zeglebis mdgomareobis sakiTxi.

29

III. saerTaSoriso monitoringis yuradRebis miRma darCa afxazeTis a/r-is umniSvnelovanesi Zeglebi: afxazeTis epigrafikuli Zeglebis lapidaruli fondi, romelic adgilze aris daculi, moqvis taZris interieri, mTlianad galis raionis saeklesio xuroTmoZRvrebisa da saero daniSnulebis nagebobebi, oCamCiris, gagris, gudauTisa da tyvarCelis mTeli rigi Zeglebi, afxazeTis avtonomiur respublikaSi #1 muzeumi - soxumis d. gulias saxelobis saxelmwifo muzeumi da a. S. anu, praqtikulad saerTaSoriso monitoringis gareSe darCa afxazeTis materialuri kulturis Zeglebis 80%. IV. saerTaSoriso monitoringma SeimuSava rekomendaciebi, maT Soris lixnis taZris freskebis gadarCenis mizniT eklesiis gadaxurvis aucilebloba, daigegma moskovSi, muzeumebis saerTaSoriso festivalze, afxazeTis erovnuli galereis eqsponatebis droebiT gadatana, wm. simon kananelis taZris arqeologiur gaTxrebSi profesionali arqeologebis CarTva da a.S. miuxedavad imisa, rom saerTaSoriso samarTlis Tanaxmad afxazeTis a/r saxelmwifo galereaSi daculi eqsponatebis mflobeli aris saqarTvelos saxelmwifo, ICOMis saerTaSoriso monitoringis Semdeg, 2012 wlis ivnisSi, aRniSnuli eqsponatebi gatanil iqna moskovSi, rac saqarTvelos mxridan reagirebis gareSe darCa. aseve reagirebis gareSe darCa lixnis taZris gadaxurvisa da freskuli moxatulobis restavraciis dawyeba qarTuli mxaris an Tundac xelovnebaTmcodnis gareSe, gagrZelda bediis taZris e. w. restavracia, wm. simon kananelis taZris arqeologiuri gaTxrebi da a. S. zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, saerTaSoriso monitoringis Sedegad dadasturda afxazeTis a/r materialuri kulturis Zeglebis mZime mdgomareoba, gamovlinda axali faqtebi Zeglebis dazianebis Sesaxeb, SemuSavda rekomendaciebic, magram, samwuxarod, mdgomareoba ar gamosworebula da saqarTvelos kulturuli memkvidreoba am regionSi kvlav didi riskisa da safrTxis winaSe dgas.

30

Hossein Ahmadi (professor in Islamic Azad University - Tehran, Iran) Iran General Consulate: American and European countries interests protector in Georgi (1918-1921) The independence of Georgia in the final years of World War I was coincided with many problems and the presence of the world's great powers influenced drastically the process of the making decision for the authorities of these countries. The Iran Government had a general Consulate in Tbilisi and a Vice General Consulate in Batumi. The Iran general Consulate played an active role in the changes of Georgia, especially the relations between Iran and Georgia in the years 1916-1918.while the Germans commanded by a general and the three thousand soldiers were settled in Georgia and Cholensburg, the ex-consul of Germany had started up his work. The consul of USA, Britain, France, Italy and Greece in Tbilisi had decided to leave Tbilisi after consulting with each other. As the passing ways were blocked and the Americans and European nationals in Tbilisi were abundant, so the consuls of these countries were desperately anxious about to protect the life and property of their citizens. For this very reason, they had chosen unanimously the Iran general consulate in Tbilisi as their interests protector. Earlier than all, Smith, the US consul had demanded officially while he had visited Sharif-al dowleh, the general consul of Iran. After him, Mr Nicolas, the French Consul and finally the consuls of the other countries attended the general consulate and demanded officially Iran general Consul. The Iranian ministry of foreign affairs while agreeing with the above countries request had ordered the general consul to do his best in this way. With the exit of consuls on 26 May 1918 from Tbilisi, the task of Iran general consul for protecting the foreign nationals and the consulate buildings of these countries became more complicated. In addition, the current consulate expenses were increased sharply. This paper explains the issue by the Iranian Foreign Ministry records.

31

nomadi
universiteti)

barTaia

(akaki

wereTlis

saxelmwifo

qarTuli samzareulos sparsuli leqsikidan ioseb griSaSvilis `qalaquri leqsikonis mixedviT ioseb griSaSvilis `qalaquri leqsikoni mdidaria aRmosavluri, kerZod, sparsuli leqsikiT, romelTagan samzareulosTan dakavSirebul nasesxobebs warmovaCenT. `qalaqur leqsikonSi arsebuli qarTuli samzareulos Semdegi terminebi: 1. taskababi, 2. karaki, 3. lavai, 4. maarabi, 5. muraba, 6. nazuki, 7. nimro, 8. kababi, 9. lulakababi, 10. kalapai, 11. kufta, 12. ila, 13. ilaplavi momdinareobs Semdegi sparsuli da arabul-sparsuli warmoSobis sityvebidan:1 .. [tskabb], 2.[ kare], 3. [ lav], 4. [ nrarb], 5. [morab(b)], 6. [ nzok], 7. [ nmr], 8. [ kabb], 9. [ lla/e/ kabb], 10. [ kallepe], 11. [ kfta/e/], 12. [la/e/] , 13. [ la/e/ polov].

32

ciala
centri)

bendeliani

(xonis

saganmanaTleblo-saswavlo

qarTuli/qarTveluri sametyvelo kodebi globalizaciis konteqstSi da sinqroniuli aRweris aspeqtebi

1. saqarTvelos Tanamedrove globalizaciis procesSi umniSvnelovanes rols asrulebs migraciuli procesebi, rolebic arsebiTad gansxvavdeba winare periodisagan, rogorc iyo, mag., X s-mde, XX s-Si, kerZod, XX s-is 90ian wlebamde. adreul periodSi (XIX-XX saukuneTa mijnidan XX saukunis 90-ian wlebamde) mosaxleobis masobrivi gadaadgilebani, SeiZleba iTqvas, mainc rCeboda lokalur movlenad, miuxedavad maTi masobriobisa, radgan Sedegad ar SeiZleba mohyoloda is, rasac Tanamedrove globalizaciuri procesebi umzadebs erebsa da enebs, xalxebs. es qmnis viTarebaTa gansxvavebulobas. 2. qarTveluri sametyvelo kodebis sociolingvisturi Seswavlis aqtiuri xana gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebidan iwyeba. umTavresad yuradReba gamaxvilebuli iyo makrosocio-lingvistikis problemebsa da sakiTxebze (Seqmnilia araerTi mniSvnelovani naSromi). amJamad mikrosociolingvistika, anu individTa, mcire sametyvelo/socialur jgufTa sametyvelo urTierTobebi, maTi stratifikacia da situaciuri variantuloba, vfiqrobT, gadaudeblad sakvlevia, miT ufro narev sametyvelo koleqtivebSi. amJamindeli mdgomareobiT, mosaxleobis mcire jgufTa/individTa migraciuli procesebi Sors gascda saqarTvelos farglebs. emigrantTa metyveleba ar aris izolirebuli movlena, isini aisaxeba imaT metyvelebaSi, visTanac kontaqti aqvT. SesaZloa, es ar iyos SesamCnevi amJamad, enis doneTa mixedviT, magram interaqciis monawileTaTvis mniSvnelovani fsiqologiuri movlenaa. calkea gansaxilveli Tanamedrove imigraciis procesi. 3. rogoria Tanamedrove sociolingvisturi situacia ara mxolod saqarTvelos urbanul punqtebSi, aramed mis

33

periferiul dialeqtur zonebSi, mniSvnelobas iZens im TvalsazrisiTac, rom dialeqturi sametyvelo zonebi yovelTvis iyo da amJamadac aris ucdomeli niSani saerTod enis mdgomareobisa. am sakiTxTa analizi mraval sagulisxmo Sedegs gvTavazobs: saxezea qarTvelur sametyvelo kodebze (qvesistemebze, mikrokodebze) globalizaciis procesis zemoqmedeba, ris Sedegadac Cans: am sametyvelo kodebze mosaubreTa Semcirebuli raodenoba, Sida sametyvelo situaciis cvlileba nairgvar enobriv Tu araenobriv faqtorTa meSveobiT, mag., tradiciuli eTnoyofis SenarCuneba/ cvlileba/ moSla mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs dialeqturi metyvelebis Senaxva/cvlileba/nivelirebis procesebs; aseve: qarTulqarTveluri sametyvelo kodebis gverdiT didi xania warmoqmnilia emigrantTa narevi sametyvelo kodebi, Cven ar gamovyofT qarTuli/qarTveluri sametyvelo kodebisagan, isini qarTveluri sametyvelo kodebis mkvidri nawilia, miuxedavad sivrceSi dacilebulobisa. amis pirobas qmnis Tanamedrove sakomunikacio saSualebani, magram aseTi mkvidri nawiloba moiSleba emigraciis xangrZlivobis da rig sxva faqtorTa gamo. maTi qarTveluri sametyvelo sivrcis nawilad arsebobas Sewyvets, sosiuri rom movixmoT, sakuTari samreklos sulis gaqroba. garda aRniSnulisa, mravlad SeiZleba im axal sametyvelo warmonaqmnTa CamoTvla, rac uSualod ukavSirdeba qarTuli/qarTveluri sametyvelo kodebis mdgomareobas saqarTveloSi. 4. yoveli sametyvelo areali, romelTanac dakavSirebulia migraciuli procesebi, anu, warmoqmnilia mozaikuroba, Cveni azriT, saWiroebs uwyvet sinqroniul aRweras, raTa droulad aRinusxos cvlilebebi kodebSi. zog SemTxvevaSi es cvlilebebi progresulia, anu, gaZlierebulia qarTuli sametyvelo kodi, zog SemTxvevaSi saxezea regresuli movlenebi. momavlis prognozirebisTvis Tanabrad saWiroa rogorc erTi, ise meore aspeqtis gamokvleva-analizi. am SemTxvevaSi yuradRebas vamaxvilebT saqarTvelos Sida sametyvelo viTarebaze. 5. mimdinareobda da amJamadac intensiurad mimdinareobs saqarTvelos fargles gareT arsebuli

34

qarTveluri sametyvelo kodebis Seswavla, magram maT Soris mainc mcire xvedriTi wili ekuTvnis mikrosociolingvisturi mizniT Caweril masalasa da SemdgomSi maT analizs. es ki qarTuli sociolingvisturi mecnierebis gadaudebel amocanad gvesaxeba.

35

eTer

beriZe

(SoTa rusTavelis universiteti)

saxelmwifo

aWaruli dialeqtis saleqsikono masala dialeqturi sityvebi erTiani saliteraturo qarTuli leqsikis RviZli Semadgeneli nawili da gamdidrebis uSreti wyaroa. mwignobruli ena ganuwyvetliv ivseba dialeqturi sityvebiTa da gamoTqmebiT. dialeqtebis safuZvliani Seswavla sawindaria saerTo erovnuli enis Rrmad Secnobis, misi istoriisa da Sinagani potenciis srulyofili warmoCenisaTvis. saerTo samwerlo qarTulis sityvebis didi nawili cocxali metyvelebidan, e.i. dialeqtebidan momdinared iTvleba. sityvis semantikuri moculobis gamovlenadadgenisaTvis mniSvnelovania dialeqturi leqsikis monacemebis gaTvaliswineba. arn. Ciqobava yovelTvis xazs usvamda, rom saliteraturo qarTuli enisaTvis SeenarCunebinaT saTanado kavSiri cocxali xalxuri metyvelebis ulev wyarosTan. zemoaWaruli dialeqtis aq warmodgenili masala Sekrebilia sxvadasxva dros am kuTxis mcxovreblebisgan da ar gvxvdeba dRemde gamocemul specialur literaturaSi. zogi leqsikuri erTeuli gansxvavebuli datvirTviT gamoiyeneba. saleqsikono masalaSi sityvaTa jgufs warmovadgenT dialeqturi formiT, rogorc is arsebobs cocxal xalxur sasaubro metyvelebaSi, Tanamedrove qarTul saliteraturo enasTan mimarTebiT. moxsenebaSi gavaanalizebT Semdeg leqsikur erTeulebs: akalibeba, akaspva, amgzobai, amotrinka/atrinka, baTaxi, gaabaiana, gadaSpena, daafisa/daawepa, daaSpa, zripini, zumpi, iwrixeba/iwrixvis/iwirexeba, miqceva, mijinqva/jinqva, naClagni/ moClagna, poWoki, slipini. Tanamedrove sainformacio saSualebebma da globalurma sivrcem Zalian gazarda saliteraturo enis zegavlena kuTxur metyvelebaze, rasac TandaTan mohyva arqauli leqsikis miviwyeba. Cvens saxelovan mwerlebsa da mecnierebs xalxis salaparako enaSi gagonil asobiT sityvisTvis mouwmendavT kuTxurobis safarveli da daumkvidrebiaT saliteraturo enaSi.

36

ineza

gabelaia,

daviT

SavianiZe (akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti)

samegrelos istoriuli, istoriul-geografiuli da eTnografiuli aRwera (axali eTnografiuli masalis mixedviT) samegrelos Sesaxeb araerTi istoriul-eTnografiuli narkvevi Tu samecniero Sromaa dawerili. Tumca, cxadia, rom Tundac erTi axali wesi, tradicia ufro srulyofils gaxdis saqarTvelos istoriuli Temis samegrelos mkvidrTa istoriis, tradiciul da dRevandel eTnografiul saxes. viziarebT istoriuli wyaroebis xedvis gagrZelebas, qarTvelelogiaSi arc ise didi xnis winaT gamoTqmul mosazrebas da miviCnevT, rom eTnikuri erToba `qarTveli imTaviTve aerTianebda megrel-Wanebs (lazebs), svanebs, herebs, kaxelebs, mesxebs, sxva qarTul Temebs. erTmaneTis sacxovrisi yvela maTganis samSoblo iyo. bunebrivi da gare faqtorebis gamo gamowveuli iZulebiTi Sereva ar iyo Sepirobebuli qarTis tomisagan `saqarTvelos mTianeTis, hereTis, dasavleT da samxreT saqarTvelos mosaxleobis gaqarTveleba (n. mari). megruli, sxva qarTuli saSinao metyvelebebis msgavsad, aris qarTvelTa erovnuli enis saxesxvaoba, romelic istoriul-eTnografiuli TvalsazrisiT arafriT gansxvavdeba sxva dialeqtebisagan da, romelTac arasodes hqonia sxva funqcia, garda saojaxo metyvelebisa. samegrelo eTnografiuli TvalsazrisiT yovelTvis saintereso kuTxe iyo saqarTvelosi. saqarTvelos am TemSi adaT-wesebma transformacia ganicada, rac gamowveuli iyo bunebriv-geografiuli mdebareobiT, ekonomikur-kulturuli dawinaurebiT da `qalaquri kulturis SemoWriT. amis Sedegad moxda Canacvleba Zvelisa axliT. samegrelos mosaxleobis ZiriTadi saqmianoba iyo da aris miwaTmoqmedeba da mesaqonleoba. dasturdeba feris, Sedgenilobis, nayofiereba-mosavlianobis, hidrografiuli da topografiuli Tvisebis mixedviT garCeuli miwis saxeebi. miwaTmoqmedebis ganviTarebis done damokidebuli iyo

37

sasoflo-sameurneo iaraRebis sameurneo cxovrebaSi jer kidev da ukve naklebad gamoyenebul sistemas, gzebsa da saSualebebs, romlebic uzrunvelyofen uxv da xarisxian mosavals; hqoniaT baR-bostnis gaSenebis gegma, yofilan momvlel-specialistebi - mebaReebi. venaxs megreli glexis cxovrebisTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba hqonda. meurneobis dargTa Soris erT-erTi gavrcelebuli dargia mefutkreoba. dasturdeba nadirobis udides roli. samegreloSi ganviTarebuli iyo Sinamrewveloba da xelosnoba, kerZod, feiqroba, meWurWleoba, xis WurWlisa da piradad gamosayenebel nivTTa damzadeba. gavrcelebuli iyo mWedloba. dgindeba dasaxlebis tipebTan, sacxovrebel da sameurneo nagebobebsa da qarTvelTa saojaxo yofasTan dakavSirebuli sinamdvilis Sesaxeb. tanTCacmulobis cvalebadoba gamoiwvia sxvadasxva cxovrebiseulma situaciam: ucxo kulturaTa gadmoRebam, ekonomiurma mdgomareobam, mimbaZvelobam... aRzrdis xalxuri sistemis analiziT mtkicdeba, rom saqarTvelos am TemSic aRzrda gulisxmobs fizikur da sulier aRzrdas, pirovnebis momzadebas sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi monawileobis misaRebad. sameurneo-politikuri dacemis periodis samegreloSi qarTveluri erTobis TviTSegnebis, eTnikuri kulturis, saxelmwifoebrivi azrovnebis SenarCunebas xels uwyobda saerTo saxelmwifo, saliteraturo da saRvTismetyvelo dedaena da marTlmadidebluri qristianoba, saerToerovnuli tradiciuli kultura.

38

elene gegeSiZe (quTaisis universiteti) teqnokratizmi da msoflmxedvelobrivi tendenciebi teqnokratizmi aris msoflmxedvelobiTi tendencia, romelic sazogadoebis ganviTarebas amyarebs mecnierulteqnikur progresze, xolo humanizmis msoflmxedvelobriv poziciaSi xazia gasmuli adamianis Rirsebaze, mis Tavisufal ganviTarebaze, rogorc mizanze. mniSvnelovnad da faseulad iTvleba moRvaweoba gamoyenebiTi xelovnebisa da teqnikis dargSi, xolo sxva sferoebSi moRvaweobisadmi nihilisturi damokidebuleba arsebobs. mecnierebaze orientireba burJuaziuli kulturis damaxasiaTebeli niSania. am sazogadoebam wina planze materialuri faseulobis mniSvneloba wamoswia. amis Sedegad gaufasurda maRali, humanuri Rirebulebebi. mniSvneloba SeiZina yovelive iman, rac materialuri dovlaTis Seqmnas uwyobda xels. materialuri simdidris zrda teqnikis ganviTarebazea damokidebuli, teqnika ki iqmneba mecnierebis ganviTarebis Sedegad. swored amitom dasavluri teqnokratiuli sazogadoeba kulturis elementebidan umTavresad xels uwyobs mxolod mecnierebis ganviTarebas, xolo danarCeni elementebis ganviTarebas yuradRebas ar aqcevs. `teqnokratizmi da `humanizmi mxolod azrovnebis wesi an msoflmxedvelobiTi pozicia ar aris. isini realurad xorcieldeba sazogadiebriv cxovrebaSi, rasac Sedegad mosdevs ori kulturis, teqnokratiuli da humanitaruli kulturebis warmoSoba. teqnokratiuli msoflmxedvelobrivi orientacia seriozul saSiSroebas warmoadgens kulturis ganviTarebisTvis da aucilebeli xdeba alternatiuli msoflmxedvelobrivi orientaciis SemuSaveba. kulturis memkvidreobiTobas uzrunvelyofs informaciis gadacema. amasTanave, mecniereba, xelovneba da zneoba ar amowuravs gonis, anu sulierebis, sferos. kultura ganixileba sazogadoebriv faseulobaTa mimarTebiT.

39

gvanca gvancelaZe, Teimuraz gvancelaZe (soxumis

saxelmwifo universiteti)

enobrivi situacia engur-yubanis SuamdinareTSi (IX-X saukuneebi) IX saukunis dasawyisisaTvis dasavleT saqarTveloSi Seqmnili egrisis (afxazeTis) samefos sazRvrebi qarTul da ucxour wyaroTa mixedviT moicavda teritorias trapizonidan nikofsiamde da lixis qedidan Sav zRvamde. am samefoSi Sedioda 8 saerisTavo: cxumisa, afxazeTisa, egrisisa, guriisa, raWa-leCxumisa (Takverisa), svaneTisa, argveTisa da vakisa. maTgan engur-yubanis SuamdinareTs moicavda cxumis, afxazeTisa da egrisis saerisTavoebi. 1. cxumis erisTavs emorCileboda regionis centraluri nawili anakofiis (axlandeli daba axali aTonis) CaTvliT da alania (amJamindeli yaraCai CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi); 2. afxazeTis erisTavi ganagebda miwa-wyals anakofiis Crdilo-dasavleTiT jiqeTis CaTvliT (jiqeTi ki ukve axlandeli sof. novomixailovskoes axlo mdebare mxares erqva); 3. egrisis erisTavis saganmgeblo iyo Tanamedrove afxazeTis samxreT-aRmosavleTi nawili (romelic, rogorc Cans, cxumis axlos mdebare mdinare kelasuris marcxena mxares iwyeboda) mdinare enguris napirebamde da enguris gamoRma mdebare mTeli samegrelo md. cxeniswylamde. dasaxelebuli 3 saerisTavodan egrisis saerisTavo monoeTnikur-monolingvuri iyo: aq qarTvelebi, kerZod, megrelebi da, SesaZloa, svanebi saxlobdnen da sxva eTnikuri elementis arsebobas araviTari wyaro ar adasturebs. Sesabamisad, am teritoriaze qarTulqarTveluri sametyvelo erTeulebi - megruli da svanuri kiloebi iyo gavrcelebuli. afxazeTis saerisTavos mosaxleoba bieTnikurbilingvuri unda yofiliyo, vinaidan axlandeli afxazeTis miwasa da fsous iqiTa teritoriis udides nawilze qarTvelebi binadrobdnen, xolo qalaq nikofsiis siaxloves (`bolosa afxazeTisasa _ juanSeri) ukve dasaxlebulni

40

iyvnen afxazur-abazuri modgmis jiqebi, romlebsac TavianTi ena hqondaT da berZnul wyaroebSi am miwaze (nikofsiis midamoebSi) ixseniebian ukve V saukunidan zixebis saxelwodebiT. msgavsi viTareba igulisxmeba cxumis saerisTavoSic, romelic aseve bieTnikur-bilingvuri unda yofiliyo, vinaidan am saerisTavos miwis udides nawilze qarTvelebi cxovrobdnen, xolo kavkasionis gadaRma mdebare alaniaSi yaraCaul-balyarul enaze molaparake Turquli modgmis yaraCaelebi iyvnen warmodgenilni. afxazeTis saerisTavos qveSevrdomi jiqebisa da cxumis saerisTavos qveSevrdomi alan-yaraCaelebis sagrZnob nawilSi gavrcelebuli iqneboda qarTuli ena, vinaidan igi dasWirdebodaT oficialuri saqmiswarmoebis, adgilobriv xelisuflebasa da qarTul mosaxleobasTan politikuri, kulturuli, savaWro da sayofacxovrebo urTierTobebis sawarmoeblad. gaqristianebul jiqebsa da alanebs Soris igive qarTuli ena iqneboda RvTismsaxurebis enac.

41

Tamar giTolendia (soxumis saxelmwifo

universiteti)

polisemiis zogi aspeqti qarTulSi Zveli qarTuli teqstebi da leqsikonebi saSualebas iZleva davinaxoT calkeul leqsikur erTeulTa dReisaTvis gamqrali Tu SenarCunebuli konkretuli semantika da Tanamedrove qarTulTan SepirispirebiT, sityvis semantikuri ganviTarebis istoriaze dakvirvebiT Tvali gavadevnoT eris materialuri da sulieri kulturis, azrovnebis ganviTarebis istorias, aqedan gamomdinare, enis leqsikis semantikuri ganviTarebis istoriasac. moxsenebaSi warmodgenili iqneba qarTuli enis polisemiisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli ramdenime tendencia: 1. qarTul enaSi ikveTeba polisemiur sityvaTa jgufi, romelTa sityvis forma, dRevandeli aRqmiT, dacilebulia Sinaarss, anu, erTi fonetikuri garsi mimarTebaSia saganTa ramdenime klasTan, Tumca paradigmis analiziT da aseve istoriuli viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT SeiZleba maTi gamaerTianebeli niSnis povna da kavSiris aRdgena. sailustraciod ganvixilavT polisemiur erTeuls mdelo, romlis mniSvnelobebia, erTi mxriv, balaxi, mwvanili, moli; `Tiva-cenebuli"; `mwuane", meore mxriv, mdelo - saponi; `gansawmedeli". 2. qarTuli enis polisemiur leqsikaSi gamoiyofa jgufi, romelTa mniSvnelobebi erTmaneTisgan gamomdinareoben. yvela mniSvneloba erTimeoresTan mWidro kavSirSia da enaSi dasturdeba semantikuri jaWvis uklebliv yvela rgoli. maTi analizis Sedegad mniSvnelobebs Soris kavSiri TvalsaCino xdeba. sailustraciod moviyvanT polisemiur erTeuls borbali, romlis mniSvnelobebi Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikonis mixedviT aris: `niavqari, grigali, qariSxali; `morgu. 3. polisemiis warmoqmnis erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli tendenciaa sityvis mniSvnelobis detalizeba, anu, svla farTo semantikidan ufro viwrosaken, zogadidan - konkretulisken, gvareobiTi cnebidan - saxeobiTisaken. aseT SemTxvevebSi sityva iwyebs gamoyenebas sxva cnebebis gadmosacemad an aRsaniSnis formobrivi, an azrobrivi maxasiaTeblebis Tu asociaciuri aspeqtebis win wamowevis safuZvelze, oRond semantikuri birTvi ucvleli rCeba (mag., gamosadineli, ZarRvi).

42

qeTevan

goderZiSvili

(ilias universiteti)

saxelmwifo

kalendarul-kanonikur saxelTa sami rigisTvis 1. statiaSi dasmulia sakiTxi ra mimarTebaa kalendarul da kanonikur saxelTa Soris? isini erTmaneTs ganapirobeben, erTmaneTis ekvivalenturia, aqedan gamomdinare, identuric. kanonikuri saxeli miuTiTebs ara marto misiT saxeldebul wmindanze, aramed, amavdroulad, Sesatyvis kalendarul dRezec. amitom iwodeba saeklesio kanonikuri saxelebi kalendarul saxelebadac. 2. moxsenebaSi sagangebod warmovaCenT kanonikurkalendarul saxelTa sam rigs. sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom kanonikuri anTroponimikonis ZiriTadi nawili berZnulebraul-romauli saxelebia, romelTa mxolod nawilia damkvidrebuli qarTul saeklesio Tu saero sivrceSi. kanonikur saxelTa Seswavlam dagvanaxa, rom saeklesio anTroponimikoni gacilebiT farTo diapazonisaa. igi moicavs sxvaenovan saxelebsac, romelTagan gamovyaviT sami jgufi: a) aRmosavluri saxelebi (Turqul-iranul-arabuli samyarodan nasesxebi: xaTuna, elguja, Tengizi, ramazi, zurabi...); b) wminda qarTuli indigenuri (aborigenuli, lokaluri) saxelebi (dedisimedi, mamisimedi, mzeTvala, xvaramze, mamamze, RvTisavari...). aseve berZnuli warmarTuli saxelebi (apoloni, aresi, diana...); g) dabolos, ragind gasakviric unda iyos, RirsTa mamaTa da dedaTa saxelebad dasturdeba saxelTa warmoqmnili formebic (baWuki, buWula, glaxua, lomita, guja, Tiko...) aq warmodgenil saxelTa kanonikuroba gamoiwvia am anTroponimebiT saxeldebul mowameobrivad aRsrulebul pirTa kanonizebam. erTi SexedviT, marTlac gasakviria saxelTa aRniSnuli jgufebis (gansakuTrebiT mesame jgufis) miCneva kalendarul saxelebad, magram es faqti Sedegia 1226 wels jalaledinis mier TbilisSi 100000 adamianis mowyvedisa. xalxis didi masis mowameobam, kalendarul anTroponimikonSi TiToeuli maTganis identifikaciisa da markirebis aucileblobam ganapiroba maTi saxelebis saidentifikacio formiT kanonizeba.

43

cira gogebaSvili (arnol Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis

instituti)

Coluruli (svanuri) leqsikidan cxovelebisa da frinvelebis aRmniSvneli leqsika enis uZvelesi kuTvnilebaa. svanuri ena saintereso da rTuli fenomenia. mdidaria misi leqsika, geografiuli mdebareoba, flora da fauna. marTalia, es sakiTxi qarTul onomastikur literaturaSi TiTqos sakmarisadaa asaxuli, Tumca amas ver vityviT svanuris magaliTze. cnobili Tvalsazrisia, rom uZvelesi leqsikis Seswavlisas metad faseulia umwerlobo enaTa monacemebi. Cven SevecadeT, SeZlebisdagvarad aRgvenusxa da Segveswavla frinvelebis aRmniSvneli leqsika Coluruli metyvelebis mixedviT da mogvexdina misi klasifikacia da segmentacia; saanalizo masala amokrebilia arsen lipartelianis wignidan `svanurqarTuli leqsikoni (Coluruli kilo), Tbilisi, 1994 w. aR--l (Citia); gaw-- (bulbuli); gun-wiTel-- (gulwiTela Citi); dab-- (Citis saxelia); ivlid (beRuras msgavsi Citi, maRla ver jdeba); maRla (SaSvi); mugl (mtredi) Sdr. mug (lnt. mugld (lSx.); mutuld//yifu (guguli); mu-yrnt (wero), Sdr. Mmyrnt (lSx.), Mmuyront, wr (bz.), wr (bq.); m-lc (ixvi)<lic (wyali) Sdr. milc (kodor.), wyrSind (bq.), wyarSnd (lSx.), wyal//wyar; m-lalqan-l (Wreli patara Citia, kanafis Tesli uyvars); m-lnr (boloqanqala Citi); m-Wyep-eld (Waobis Citia, gazafxulze modis); sarslg(Citi); skvinC-- (skvinCa-Citi). Romal (yorani), Sdr. Reml (bz). Remal (bq). Remal (lxm., lSx). Romal (lnt.); yiraSt (grZelkisera Savi frinveli); Syr (mwyeri), Sdr. SyJ (bq). SyeJ (lSx); CxrSt (CxarTvi), Sdr. CxiriS (Cbx.), CxrSt (lSx), CxuruSt (lnt.); cxak

44

(qori), Sdr. cxk (bq.), cxek (lSx.), cxak (lnt.); Wma (mTis Savi frinveli, yoranze ufro patara); jWk (beRuras msgavsi patara Citi); arCu (Cxikvi), Sdr. aiC (kodor.). saanalizo masalis mixedviT, Colurul metyvelebaSi gvxvdeba frinvelebis aRmniSvneli martivi (Syr, cxak), derivaciuli (mlc, mwl) da kompozituri (gun-wiT-el-) fuZeebi. frinvelTa saxelwodebebi warmodgenilia saerToqarTveluri -a sufiqsiT (gaw, dab); gvxvdeba rogorc sakuTriv svanuri (mutld, mlnir), aseve qarTuli (skvinC, dab) fuZeebi. xSiria kninobiTis formebiT nawarmoebi leqsemebi: aR-l, m-lalaqan-l, m-Wyep-el-d. unda aRiniSnos, rom es sakiTxi ar aris Seswavlili. amjeradac mxolod masala, isic nawilobriv, SemogTavazeT. qarTvelur enaTa dialeqtebTan Sedareba da Citebis calkeul saxelwodebaTa etimologias warmovadgenT sxva naSromSi.

45

deniz

ermiSi

(saqarTveloSi TurqeTis saelCos ganaTlebis mrCevelis warmomadgeneli)

Turquli dialeqtologiis istoriidan dialeqtologiam, rogorc mecnierebam, farTo ganviTareba hpova me-19 s. 60-70-ian wlebSi. am periodTanaa dakavSirebuli Turquli enis dialeqtebis Seswavla. axlo aRmosavleTSi samecniero miznebisaTvis dawyebuli mogzaurobis dros m. yazim-bekma da i. berezinma yuradReba miaqcies Turquli enis dialeqtTa Taviseburebebs. maT TurqulSi gamoyves ori dialeqti: stambolis da mcire aziis. pirvelad TurqologiaSi i. berezini iZleva mcire aziis dialeqtebis TaviseburebaTa mokle aRwerilobas. mkvlevarma yuradReba miaqcia aseve azerbaija-nuli enis gavlenas Turquli enis aRmosavlur dialeqtebze. garda amisa, man gamoyo agreTve mcire aziaSi arsebuli zogierTi gansakuTrebuli leqsikuri elementi. i.berezinis moRvaweobiT sruldeba Turquli enis dialeqtTa Seswavlis pirveli etapi. Turquli enis dialeqtebze zogadi warmodgena SemdegSi mdgomareobda: 1. Turquli ena Tavisi SedgenilobiT ar aris erTiani, is Sedgeba ori dialeqtisagan: anatoliisa (mcire azia) da stambolis, anu, rogorc maSin uwodebdnen, konstantinopolis (rumelia). 2. mcire aziis dialeqti gansxvavdeba stambolis dialeqtisagan. specialur literaturaSi stambolis dialeqtad moiazrebdnen saliteraturo enas. 3. e. w. mcire aziis dialeqti aris erTgvarovani. peterburgis universitetis aRmosavleTmcodneobis fakultetis kursdamTavrebulma da i. berezinis moswavlem v. maqsimovma imogzaura centralur da dasavleT mcire

46

aziaSi. man Seagrova didi dialeqtologiuri da folkloruli masala. v. maqsimovma daudo safuZveli Turquli dialeqtebis mecnierul Seswavlas. man gansakuTrebuli yuradReba gaamaxvila fonetikaze, rogorc dialeqtebis arsebiT Taviseburebebze. manve yuradReba miaqcia imas, rom erTerTi Turquli dialeqti, yaramanuli, axlos idga azerbaijanul enasTan. Turquli enis dialeqtebis Seswavla ganagrZes p.melioranskim, v.pisarevma da n. martirosovma. Turquli enis dialeqtebis mkvlevarTa Soris gamoCenili adgili uWiravs akad. v. gordlevskis, z. qorqmazs, a. erjilasuns, a. jaferoRlus. teqstebis gamocemiT a. jaferoRlum didi samsaxuri gauwia Turqul dialeqtologias. Turquli dialeqtebis Seswavlis saqmeSi aRsaniSnavia agreTve qarTveli Turqologebis Rvawlic. akad. s. jiqiam Tavisi moRvaweoba Turquli enis aRmosavleT anatoliis dialeqtebis SeswavliT daiwyo. gasuli saukunis 30-ian wlebSi man ramdenjerme imogzaura axalcixis raionSi. walkis raionis Turqulenovani mosaxleobis dialeqtis Seswavlis saqmeSi didi wvlili miuZRviT e. gudiaSvils da n. janaSias.

47

nino vaSaymaZe (akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti) samxreT kavkasiiis respublikaTa sadavo teritoriuli problemebis urTierTSeTanxmebis gziT gadawyvetis mcdeloba 1918-1920 wlebSi Tanamedrove msoflio politikur procesebSi samxreT kavkasias umniSvnelovanesi funqcia ekisreba. am funqciis kargad gaazreba da Sesabamis politikur nabijTa gadadadgma regionis saxelmwifoTa mesveurebis mxridan istoriuli gamocdilebis gaanalizebas da gaTvaliswinebas moiTxovs. am TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa 1918-1920 wlebSi gamarTuli samxreT kavkasiis respublikaTa konferenciebi, romlebic sadavo sakiTxTa urTierTSeTanxmebis gziT gadaWras iTvaliswinebda. pirveli msoflio omis Semdgomma politikurma kataklizmebma samxreT kavkasiaSi damoukidebel saxelmwifoTa Seqmna ganapiroba. am saxelmwifoTa gansxvavebul sagareo da saSinao politikur klimats msoflio politikur procesTa ryeva qmnida. Tumca damoukidebel saxelmwifoTa momavali ganviTareba moiTxovda sadavo sakiTxebis gadaWras da urTierTSeTanxmebul moqmedebas. aRniSnul amocanaTa gadawyvetas isaxavda miznad saqarTvelos mTavroba, roca samxreT kavkasiis respublikebs 3 noembers TbilisSi konferenciis mowvevis winadadebiT mimarTa. konferencia ar Catarda somxuri mxaris gamoucxadeblobis gamo. es ukanaskneli moiTxovda konferenciis programidan sazRvrebis Sesaxeb sakiTxis amoRebas da mis gadaWras dainteresebul mxareTa winaswari SeTanxmebis gziT. somxeTis pozicia ganpirobebuli iyo kenWisyris dros umciresobaSi darCenis SiSiT. sadavo teritoriebis mxriv mas mwvave problemebi gaaCnda azerbaijanTan da fiqrobda, rom azerbaijan -saqarTvelos aliansi arasasurvel mdgomareobaSi Caayenebda. warumatebeli aRmoCnda 1919 da 1920 wlis gazafxulze Catarebuli konferenciebi. samxreT kavkasiiis respublikaTa daaxloebisTvis dawyebuli muSaoba Sua gzaze SeCerda azerbaijanSi ganxorcielebuli bolSevikuri gadatrialebis Sedegad. konferenciebis msvlelobis procesSi gamoikveTa, rom SeuZlebeli xdeboda sadavo teritoriuli sakiTxebis gadaWris principebis SemuSaveba, SeTanxmebuli sagareo politikuri kursis gatareba.

48

Tamila

zviadaZe

(soxumis universiteti)

saxelmwifo

dargobrivi leqsika otia ioselianis avtobiografiul novelebSi saliteraturo enis gamdidrebasa da srulyofaSi didi roli aqvT mwerlebs, romlebic TavianTi TxzulebebiT miviwyebul sityvebs acocxleben, aaqtiureben da amiT xalxis wiaRidan SeTvisebul-Sesisxlxorcebul leqsikas, mis mniSvnelobas warmoaCenen. erT-erTi gaxlavT otia ioseliani, romlis nawerebi sainteresoa dialeqtologiuri kvlevis TvalsazrisiTac. yoveli literaturuli nawarmoebis enaTmecnieruli analizi varaudobs teqstis gramatikulsa da leqsikurfrazeologiuri xasiaTis TaviseburebaTa Seswavlas. Camoyalibebul leqsikur jgufebs qmnis dargobrivi leqsika, romelic imdenadaa mniSvnelovani, ramdenadac inaxavs iseT erTeulebs, romlebic an saerTod ar ixmareba Tanamedrove qarTulSi, an miviwyebulia. dargobrivi leqsika kidev ufro srul warmodgenas gviqmnis dialeqtis Taviseburebis Sesaxeb da Tematur jgufad Tavs uyris im leqsikur erTeulebs, romlebic dakavSirebulia xalxis saqmianobasa da cnobierebasTan. otia ioselianis TxzulebaTa personaJebis moqmedebis are ZiriTadad qvemo imereTiT Semoifargleba. qvemo imereTis udidesi nawili uWiravs uxvmosavlian saxnav-saTes miwebs. marcvleul meurneobasTan erTad aq ganviTarebulia mevenaxeoba, mebaReoba, mesaqonleoba. SromiTma saqmianobam da zogi soflis mdebareobam ganapiroba miwis dasamuSaveblad da mosavlis dasabinaveblad sxvadasxva SromiTi xelsawyoebisa Tu mowyobilobebis Seqmnisa da damzadebis aucilebloba, rasac glexi ojaxur pirobebSi kustarulad akeTebda. otia ioselianis nawarmoebebSi vxvdebiT am saqmianobis amsaxvel saintereso leqsikur

49

erTeulebs. masala imdenadaa mniSvnelovani, ramdenadac SenarCunebuli aqvs is bunebrioba, formaTa Tavisebureba, rac dialeqtologiuri kvlevisas gansakuTrebiT Rirebulia. sityvaTa erTi nawili axsnilia damowmebuli leqsikonebis mixedviT, nawilis ganmartebani ekuTvnis Tavad avtors, romelsac mwerlis leqsikonze muSaobisas ramdenjerme Sevxvdi. igi Tavad azustebda im sityva-TqmaTa mniSvnelobebs, romlebic ase mravladaa warmodgenili avtobiografiul novelebSi. mxatvrul nawarmoebSi dadasturebuli es leqsikuri erTeulebi imdenadaa sando da saintereso, ramdenadac ekuTnis mwerals, romelic ara marto mwerlobaSi daixarja... otia ioseliani iyo mevenaxe, mefutkre, xuro, mebuxre, mxvnelic da mTesvelic... amitomac zedmiwevniT zustad asaxelebs, aRwers, axasiaTebs Sromis process, imas, rac Tavad icis, unaxavs, gaugonia, gamoucdia. mxatvruli teqstis meSveobiT Semoaqvs is sityvebi, romelTa wyaro swored dialeqturi leqsikaa, zogjer qarTveluri enobrivi masalac. amjerad wamovadgenT sameurneo saqmianobasTan dakavSirebul leqsikas (miwaTmoqmedebis, venaxis samuSaoebis SromiTi procesisa da saxlisa da misi nawilebis amsaxvel leqsikur erTeulebs).

50

TinaTin Turqia (soxumis saxelmwifo universiteti) adgil- leqsemis formobriv-semantikuri variaciebi qarTul kiloebSi Tanamedrove yofisTvis damaxasiaTebelia adamianTa piradi Tu koleqtiuri moZraoba sacxovrebeli adgilis droebiT Tu samudamod datovebis mizniT. cxadia, aman Secvala damokidebuleba sacxovrebeli adgilisadmi. samyaro gacilebiT ufro dapataravda, samkvidrebeli ki gafarTovda. adamianisaTvis arsebobs sxvadasxva masStabis garemo: misi piradi sacxovrebeli sivrce - misi uaxloesi garemocvis sacxovrebeli sivrce, quCa, ubani, raioni, qalaqi (sofeli), qveyana, regioni, kontinenti, dedamiwa, samyaro. enobrivi monacemebiT am sivrculi diapazonis leqsikuri markireba mxolod umciresidan umsxvilesis mimarTulebiT xdeboda qarTulSi (da ara marto), magaliTad: galiaki, senaki, saxlaki, ezo, sadgomi, saxli, sadguri, agaraki, daba/udabno, qveyana, sanaxi... es leqsika, erTi mxriv, Tavisi moculobiTi SinaarsiT da, meore mxriv, Tavisi funqciuri mniSvnelobiT garkveuli Sinagani wesrigis matarebelia; am wesrigis dadgena da Sefaseba sainteresoa ara marto sociolingvistikisa da lingvokulturologiis, aramed fsiqolingvistikis kuTxiTac. qarTvelur dialeqtebSi adgilTan dakavSirebuli mravalricxovani leqsikis safuZvelze Zalian sainteresod ikiTxeba qarTvelTa adgilkuTvnilebiTi koncefcia. Cven amjerad mxolod sakuTriv adgilis semantikasTan (da mis variantebTan) dakavSirebuli leqsikis mniSvnelobaTa analiziT SemovifarglebiT; am rigisad miviCnevT leqsikas, romelSic adgili adamianis konkretul samyofelTan mikuTvnebulobis Sinaarss atarebs, da romelsac xSirad saliteraturo normasTan formobrivi siaxlovisa Tu igiveobis miuxedavad sruliad specifikuri Sinaarsi aqvs dialeqtSi: dgas, dgma mdebiere, mdebare, meiyudrebs, debieroba//debareoba (mdebareoba), alag-mamuli, adgilof, alagof, adgilis deda, adgil mliT uWerav, baRdadi adgili, dacemul adgili, alag, alagze miv, gzaalagi, gul alags daudgebis, daialagebs, sulmaqceuli alagi da sxv.

51

rusudan

kaSia

(akaki wereTlis universiteti)

saxelmwifo

Sinagan sneulebaTa samkurnalo saSualebebi xalxur medicinaSi

(qvemo imereTis eTnografiuli masalebis mixedviT)

1. xalxur medicinaSi mravali efeqturi saSualebaa cnobili Sinagan sneulebaTa (Tirkmlis, RviZlis, naRvelis, kuW-nawlavis daavadebaTa) samkurnalod. 2. qarTveluri dialeqtologiis samecniero-kvleviTi institutis momZiebelTa jgufebis mier qvemo imereTSi Caweril eTnografiul masalaSi garkveuli adgili uWiravs xalxuri tradiciuli medicinis samkurnalo saSualebebs. Cawerilia mravali ucnobi Sinauri wamlis recepti: kanis daavadebebis, `daCrdilviT gamowveuli Tavis tkivilis, gaciebis, bronqitis, Tmis cvenis, marilebis da a. S. 3. qvemo imereTSi mopovebuli samkurnalo masala Sepirispirebulia dasavleT saqarTvelos sxva regionebis monacemebTan. aseve, qarTlis mTianeTisa da kaxeTis gamoqveynebul masalasTan. 4. masala Sejerebulia uZveles qarTul karabadinebsa da samkurnalo wignebSi mocemul receptebTan, romelTa Soris garkveuli adgili uWiravs Sinagan sneulebaTa samkurnalo meTodebsa da saSualebebs. dasturdeba, rom xalxurma mexsierebam dRemde Semoinaxa zogierTi samkurnalo saSualeba da mkurnalobis meTodi.

52

igor

kekelia

(akaki wereTlis universiteti)

saxelmwifo

afxazeTis istoriuli toponimiidan (moqvi, rabiwa)

moqvi sofelia amave saxelwodebis mdinaris napirze, oCamCiris raionSi. igi erT-erTi mniSvnelovani dasaxlebuli punqti iyo dasavleT saqarTveloSi (egrisafxazeTi). aq eklesiisa da saeparqio centris daarsebas qarTuli saistorio wyaroebi afxazTa mefe leon III-is (957-967) saxels ukavSirebs. toponim ,,moqvis Sesaxeb msjelobda saxelovani mecnieri p. ingoroyva, romelic afxazeTis `Sua-soflis mniSvnelovani punqtis saxelwodebas gramatikuli gaformebiTa da bolokiduri formantiT udarebda imave tipis sxva qarTul geografiul saxelebs (Tmogvi, Caqvi, baxvi, neZvi, Zegvi, aragvi da sxv.) da dasZenda, rom msgavsi saxeli `moqvTa gvxvdeba SavSeTSic. prof. T. mibCuanis dakvirvebiT, toponimi moqvi svanur sityva muqv-s mogvagonebs, rac `miwis zvinis aRmniSvnelia. sagulisxmoa is garemoeba, rom moqvi dResac cocxali sityvaa samurzayanoulSi da misi erT-erTi mniSvnelobaa ,,riyiani, qviT mofenili adgili. a. qobalias leqsikonSi moqvi, moqvili ganmartebulia, rogorc ,,riyiani (a. qobalia, 2010). moqvis meore mniSvneloba - ,,mofquli, fqviliT mofenili; Cqerali, semantiku-rad aseve ,,qvebiT gadaTeTrebul adgils SeiZleba daukavSirdes. rabiwa ewodeba sofels md. bzifis qvemo welze. toponimis pirveli komponenti rab qarTvelur ena-kiloebSi `xevs, CaRrmavebul adgils aRniSnavs. T. gvancelaZis mosazrebiT, afxazeTSi, daba ganTiadis siaxloves, afxazTa winaprebis binadrobaze miuTiTebs mamia dadianis mier biWvinTis RvTismSoblis eklesiisadmi gacemul sigelSi

53

sakuTriv afxazuri warmomavlobis toponimis - aiTarn-is moxsenieba, `aSkarad afxazuri warmomavlobis aruxa da rabiwa toponimebTan erTad. mkvlevari iqve SeniSnavs, rom `am ori saxelis etimologia damatebiT kvlevas moiTxovs. struqturul-etimologiuri analizis safuZvelze SesaZlebelia toponim `rabiwas gaazreba qarTveluri, kerZod megruli, warmomavlobis saxelwodebad. Tuki CavTvliT, rom damowmebuli toponimi orfuZiani kompozitia, maSin meore komponenti ,,wa igivea, rac ,,wyari. fiqroben, rom istoriulad walforma uwinaresia. p. cxadaia miiCnevs rom wyal->wa/l/ procesis analogad gamodgeba megrulSi dadasturebuli sakuTari da sazogado saxelebi: waCxuri ,,wyalcivi, wamelo//wyamelo (<wyarmele ,,wyalgaRma), wakurTxia < wyalkurTxeva da sxv. saTanado motivaciis SemTxvevaSi toponimi rabiwa struqturulad da semantikurad SesaZlebelia megruli warmomavlobisad gaviazroT da ganvmartoT, rogorc `qvalodebiani, oRro-CoRro, uswormasworo adgili, xeviseburi Cadableba, sadac wyali moedineba, an `adgili mdinareze, sadac rabi//rafi//refi - sawisqvile arxis saTave-nageboba, mcire kaSxalia mowyobili, arxze miSvebuli wylis Casaketad, an dagubebis mizniT.

54

merab kezevaZe (quTaisis centraluri arqivi) quTaisis daviT aRmaSeneblis sakaTedro taZris (soboros) nivT-samkauli 1871 wlidan imereTis eparqiis sakaTedro taZari, nacvlad quTaisis RmrTismSoblis miZinebis eklesiisa (bagratis taZarze miSenebuli eklesiisa), gaxda axlad agebuli quTaisis aleqsandre nevelis eklesia, romelSic kaTedralTan erTad gadmotanil iqna yofil sakaTedro taZarSi daculi saeklesio nivT-samkauli (maT Soris zogierTi bagratis taZris kaTedralobis droindeli). 1919 wlidan taZari daviT aRmaSeneblis saxels atarebda, romelic 1924 wels dangreul iqna. aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi taZari axali SeZenili nivT-samkauliTac ivseboda. aRniSnuli saganZuridan dRemde Zalian cota ramaa gadarCenili. ganZeulobis didi nawili sabWoTa xelisuflebis pirvel wlebs Seewira, nawili ki egzarqosobis dros daikarga. moxsenebaSi ZiriTadad aRniSnuli saganZuris warmomavlobasa da calkeuli nivTebis beds SevexebiT.

55

maia kikvaZe (SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti) wodebiTi brunva samxrul kiloebSi samxrul kiloebSi wodebiTs, msgavsad saerTo qarTulisa, axasiaTebs gansxvavebuli intonacia, daboloeba da winadadebis sxva wevrebTan sintaqsuri kavSiris uqonloba. saanalizod gamoviyeneT niko maris SavSeTsa da klarjeTSi mogzaurobis dRiurebi (prof. m. faRavas saerTo redaqciiT) da orduel muhajirTa metyvelebis nimuSebi (2012 wlis eqspediciis masalebi). samxrul kiloebSi wodebiTi ZiriTadad mimarTvis formadaa gamoyenebuli. gansakuTrebiT Warbobs wodebiTiani formebi leqsebSi. igi xan winadadebis TavSia, xan SuaSi, xanac boloSi. 1. -o, -v: daerTvis sazogado TanxmovanfuZian da xmovanfuZian saxelebs rogorc calke aRebuls, ise msazRvrel-sazRvrulTan erTad: bewvo, gamoi faWaze... gogov, gogov piwkinao... xojav, visi saxSiao, ityvilebio... RmerTo, kai gazarde!.. naCeliko, memigone... Suxti, biWo, mogixdeba! e kidi, qarTvelo! vaime, Svilo... dadasturda TanxmovanfuZiani saxeli wodebiTSi fuZis saxiTac: sayvarel, Seni Wirime, amogkocno-da Tvalebi; n. maris dRiurebSi wodebiTis formebi gamoyenebulia saqorwilo simRerebSi: kiz, senin guzelluRun ifi muzael verur; buirun, gelin, nazillama. 2. adamianTa sakuTar saxelebs wodebiTSi umetesad -v uCndebaT: ra saqme gaq, emiav, qalaqSi? muxsinev, Sen pirSavo... Seni Tvalebis Wirime, nanulav!.. xasanvo, me aqidan hacxan gidimiyva... (-o -s win CarTulia -v); 3. boloxmovniani sazogado saxelebi wodebiTSi marcvaldaklebulad gvxvdeba: TlaT dakten, Wo!... Sen blebs esxmis, go!... vuime, gadmoiara, gov, Zireuloba mosvara! 4. wodebiTSia dasmuli kompozitebic: ra gWirs, Cemo yurCqmetiav?... Sen pirSavo, ru uyav Cemo dodofali? 5. piris nacvalsaxeli Sen wodebiTSi gvxvdeba Se saxiT: Sen ra ginda, Se yur dido? voi, voi, Se Tagvo, ras eblayunebi?

56

qeTevan margiani (soxumis saxelmwifo

universiteti)

aRmosavluri warmomavlobis anTroponimebi svanurSi qarTul-megrulTan mimarTebiT svanuri anTroponimia xasiaTdeba -xan, -yan, -bi, -mirza/mrza... formantiani sakuTari saxelebis simravliT; saanalizo masala amokrebilia svanuri prozauli teqstebidan, X-XVIII saukuneebis svaneTis werilobiTi Zeglebidan, svanuri enis qrestomaTiidan, adreuli periodis saeklesio davTrebidan, samecniero eqspediciebisa da savele muSaobis dros asakovan informatorTagan sagangebod Cawerili masalebidan... am tipis saxelebia: adimxan, melexan, sidaxan, aSterxan, misirxan/misrxan, sirmaxan, darisxan, orsaxan/ orsaxa, sofilxan, rdimxan, jamirxan/jamrxan, varaxan, risimxan, saldaTxan, hemlexan, serexan, yazmarxan, kesmxan, jarmxan, jamrxan, daurxan, digorxan, mifxan, sidaxan, inglisxan, erqaxan, devleTxan, qabaxan, TaTarxan, Zubumxan... mza, mzald, mrzabeg, Sexza, ayza, Semza, yamrza, namrza, bexza, emuza, bexmrza, beqmrza, Semza, aTmrza, bimurza, mamurza... slmbi/ slnbi, beqrbi, baTrbi, qelesbi/qeleCbi, qerTbi, yarmbi, ylCbi/ylCbe, Srmbe, mrTbi, musbi, Tnbi, mhrbi, srbi, Taubi, qCrbi, kadrbi, yarbi, marTbi, qaSubi... murzayan, TaTaryan, babiyan, elyan, gaSayan, Tavyan, yangez, yangi, yansa... am konteqstSi uaRresad sainteresoa, rom Turqulis meSveobiT svanurSi SemoRweuli anTroponimi fir-vel `moxuci mmarTveli ricxviT saxelTan (pirveli) gaigivebula da am Sinarsisave svanur gvarad damkvidrebula (g. bedoSvili). anTroponimTa sesxeba, SeTviseba Cveulebrivi movlenaa yvela xalxisa da enisaTvis. onomastikuri literaturidan cnobilia, rom mirza, xan, beg... wodebaTa da titulTa

57

sakuTar saxelad an mis komponentad gamoyeneba aris maxlobeli da Sua aRmosavleTis anTroponimikis erT-erTi Tavisebureba (m. jiqia). qarTul-megrulTan SedarebiT svanurSi Turqulenovan anTroponimTa da zogadad, -xan, -yan, -bi... leqsemebiT markirebul sakuTar saxelTa farTod gavrceleba Crdilo kavkasiis enebTan - adiReur-yabardoulTan, yaraCaulsa da balyarulTan mezoblobam, uSualo kontaqtma, socialekonomiuri, sameurneo, kulturuli da sxva saxis kontaqtebma ganapiroba. qronologiurad, rogorc es v. silogavas redaqtorobiT gamocemul X-XVIII saukunebis svaneTis werilobiT Zeglebze dakvirvebis Sedegad SeiZleba iTqvas, svanurSi aRmosavluri (Turquli) warmomavlobis -xan, -yan, -bi, -mirza/mrza... anTropoformantiani sakuTari saxelebi ar gvxvdeba adreuli periodis mosaxseneblebSi, sulTa matianeebSi, XVI saukuneze adrindel werilobiT ZeglebSi. irkveva, rom am tipis sakuTari saxelebi gansakuTrebuli sixSiriT aris damaxasiaTebeli balsqvemo svaneTis mTavar dadeSqelianTa genealogiebisaTvis. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom svanur anTroponimiaSi amgvari saxelebi mravldeba swored istoriul arenaze (XV s.) dadeSqelianTa gamoCenis paralelurad. balsqvemo svaneTis mebatoneTa gvaris erT-erTi cnobili pirebi arian murzayan, TaTaryan, digorxan... dadeSqelianebi. `svaneTis dedofali mdinareebis baxsanis, yubanis, dalisa da enguris zemo dinebaTa mbrZanebeli - aseTi iyo tituli digorxan dadeSqelianisa. Tanamedrove svanur onomastikonSi ikveTeba tendencia aRmosav-luri warmomavlobis anTroponimTa mkveTri Semcirebisa, SeiZleba iTqvas, gaqrobisac ki, wina saukuneebis monacemebTan SedarebiT.

58

qeTevan margian-subari (ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis

Tbilisis universiteti)

saxelmwifo

kvlav evidencialobisTvis svanur zmnaSi

evidencialoba saerTaSoriso lingvisturi terminia da qarTulad mas dadasturebis kategoria miesadageba, magram vinaidan am mimarTulebiT, didi xania, aqtiuri kvlevaa gaCaRebuli msoflos TiTqmis yvela enis mimarT da sakiTxi tipologiuradac metad saintereso aRmoCnda, varCieT ucxouri terminis gamoyeneba, raTa SemdgomSi problemiT dainteresebul pirebs sxva enaTa monacemebTan (romlebic ucxour saenaTmecniero literaturaSi, ZiriTadad, glosirebulia swored saerTaSoriso terminologiis gaTvaliswinebiT) Sepirispirebisas saqme gavuadviloT. kvlevam aCvena, rom svanur enaSi, qarTul saliteraturo enasTan SedarebiT, saanalizo kategoria gacilebiT farTo areals moicavs. amisi umTavresi wyaro ki zmnaa, romelic, mwkrivTa raodenobis TvalsazrisiT, mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba qarTuli zmnis uRlebis paradigmisgan. e.w. `meti mwkrivebi (a. SaniZe), tradiciuli SexedulebiT, myofadusruli da I seriis TurmeobiTebia. Cvenma Ziebam ki daadastura, rom orgvari morfologiuri warmoebis myofadic (romelic specialur literaturaSi dafiqsirebulia ise, rom am formaTa semantikuri sxvaoba ar aris mxedvelobaSi miRebuli) ar aris semantikurad identuri: maT Soris swored dadasturebulobadaudastureblobis (saeWvo-savaraudoobis) semantikaa saopozicio niSani (Cadgri `moklavs: Cadgrine `SesaZloa/albaT/iqneb moklavs); aseve, Cven mier dadasturebuli da svanuri zmnis uRlebis sistemaSi Semotanili ori mwkrivi: pirobiTSedegobiTi I da pirobiT-SedegobiTi II (Cveni

59

terminologiiT) semantikurad swored evidencialobis TvalsazrisiT upirispirdebian SedegobiT I-sa da SedegobiT II-s (SedegobiTi I - xodgara `{mo}uklavs mas is: pirobiTSedegobiTi I - xedgri `iqneb/albaT {mo}uklavs mas is; SedegobiT II - xodgarn `mo}ekla mas is: pirobiTSedegobiTi II - xedgarl `iqneb/albaT {mo}ekla mas is); es da zemoT miTiTebuli specifikuri mwkrivebi (myofadusruli, I seriis TurmeobiTebi) calsaxad evidencialuri mwkrivebia; Sesabamisad, svanur zmnas evidencialobis orive ZiriTadi saxeobis - verbalurisa da inferenciulis organuli formebiT (da ara aRweriTad!) gamoxatvis unari aqvs: a) TurmeobiTebiT, anu e. w. `unaxaobis mwkrivebiT gamoxatuli evidencialobisTvis wyaro verbalobac SeiZleba aRmoCndes da inferenciac, xolo evidencialobis Tu romel saxeobasTan gvaqvs saqme, es mxolod vrceli konteqstiT irkveva (iseve, rogorc qarTulSi: minavala, dauweria formebiT SeiZleba gadmoices arapercefciuli informacia, romlis wyaroc SeiZleba iyos verbaloba, erT SemTxvevaSi (Tu mTqmels is sxvisgan gaugonia) da inferencia, meore SemTxvevaSi (roca mTqmeli kvalis mixedviT sakuTar msjelobas, varauds, logikaze agebul daskvnas warmoadgens). b) yvela danarCeni evidencialuri mwkrivi: myofadusruli (Cveni terminologiiT _ resp. inferenciuli awmyo), usruli da sruli pirobiTi, ZiriTadpreverbiani myofadi, I da II pirobiT-SedegobiTebi - mxolod inferencias, informaciis savaraudoobas gamoxatavs; vinaidan maT ara aqvT verbaluri evidenciis gadmocemis unari iseve, rogorc percefciuli informaciisa, sadac kategoriulobis, dadasturebulobis xarisxi iqneba maRali, Cveni azriT, aRniSnul mwkrivebs SeiZleba vuwodoT sakuTriv inferenciuli mwkrivebi svanurSi.

60

damana

meliqiSvili

(ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo universiteti)

meTodologiuri problemebi qarTuli enis gramatikul literaturaSi moxsenebaSi saubari iqneba qarTul gramatikul literaturaSi meTodologiuri xasiaTis problemebis, dabrkolebebisa da darRvevebis magaliTebze, rac ZiriTadad gamowveulia semantikuri/logikuri da gramatikuli kategoriebis aRreviTa da cnebis dayofis logikuri wesis darRveviT da saTaves iRebs jer kidev dionise Trakielis gramatikidan. 1. klasifikaciisas aucilebelia dacul iqnas cnebis dayofis logikuri wesi, rac gulisxmobs gvareobiTi cnebis sworad gansazRvras da am klasifikaciis farglebSi miRebuli kriteriumis bolomde dacvas; 2. kvlevisas gramatikuli kategoriebis gamovlena unda emyarebodes da amodiodes sakvlevi enis specifikidan, am enis sakvlevi masalis statistikuri da sistemuri analizis Sedegebze dayrdnobiT; 3. saklasifikacio kriteriumi (principi) unda emyarebodes mecnierebis mocemuli dargis Sesaswavli obieqtis (sagnis/ movlenis) Sinagan, imanentur (arn. Ciqobava) bunebas: gramatikis SemTxvevaSi - morfologiur da sintaqsur kriteriumebs; 4. kvlevisas gamoyenebuli unda iyos dargis Sesabamisi cneba-terminebi: marTalia, enaTmecniereba swavlobs enis formasTan erTad Sinaarssac, magram es ar niSnavs imas, rom gramatikaSi operireba xdebodes logikuri (/semantikuri) terminologiiT: gramatikuli struqtura da konstruqcia unda aRiweros gramatikul (morfo-sintaqsur) da ara logikur (/universalur) cnebaTa aRmniSvneli terminebiT;

61

5. daskvnebis siswore-mcdaroba damokidebulia an wanamZRvris siswore-mcdarobaze (rasac empiria/statistika amowmebs da xSirad damokidebulia axali masalis mokvlevasa Tu aRmoCenebze), an logikuri argumentaciis simtkice-sisusteze. aqedan gamomdinare: 6. klasifikacia unda amodiodes da eyrdnobodes empiriul masalas (induqciidan > deduqciisken da ara piriqiT, tradiciulad damkvidrebul apriorulad miRebul debulebas). amgvarad, gramatikuli kategoriis (/niSnis) kvalifikaciisas aucilebelia statistikuri (maT Soris monaTesave enebis) monacemebis gaTvaliswineba; 7. kvlevisas aucilebelia sinqroniisa da diaqroniis monacemebis gamijvna: sinqroniul doneze enobrivi faqtis kvalifi-kaciisas diaqroniuli analizis Sedegebis, mag., morfo-sintaq-suri movlenebis reinterpretaciis faqtebis gamomJRavneba da momarjveba saWiro xdeba faqtis axsnis mizniT, magram ara sinqro-niul WrilSi am faqtis kvalifikaciisTvis (diaqroniuli anali-zis Sedegad maTi kvalifikacia unda moxdes sinqroniul WrilSi); 8. dgas morfo-sintaqsuri faqtebisa da kategoriebis terminologiuri daxasiaTebis problema: mag., a) zogadad `mwkrivTa saxelwodebebis sakiTxi (kerZod, Zveli qarTuli enis gramati-kaSi terminis `kavSirebiTis mwkriv/eb/i gamoyenebis Seusabamoba, III seriis mwkrivTaTvis termin `TurmeobiTebis mizanSewoni-lobis sakiTxi rogorc Zvel, ise Tanamedrove qarTulSi da sxv.); g) gardamavlobis, rogorc gramatikuli kategoriis sakiTxi `polipersonalur qarTul zmnaSi; d) inversiis problema da amasTan dakavSirebiT piris gramatikuli markerebis logikuri funqciebis gansazRvra diaqroniul da siqronul WrilSi da sxva.

62

maia

miqautaZe

(akaki wereTlis universiteti)

saxelmwifo

idiomatur gamoTqmaTa erTi jgufisaTvis taoursa da imerxeulSi frazeologizmebis Seswavla lingvokulturologiuri TvalsazrisiT Zalze sayuradReboa. idiomatur gamonaTqvamebSi areklilia rogorc enobrivi, ise am enis matarebelTa kulturuli Taviseburebani, amitom maTi kvlevis gareSe enisa da kulturis analizi arasrulyofilia [Cowie]. ukanaskneli aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi frazeologiis Seswavla enaTmecnierebis kvlevis erT-erTi ZiriTadi sakiTxia. lingvokulturologiuri kuTxiT sainteresoa qarTuli da Turquli idiomebis Seswavla-Sedareba, radgan is naTlad warmoaCens am kulturaTa damokidebulebas adamianTa janmrTelobasTan, ganwyobilebebTan, fsiqologiur mdomareobas-Tan dakavSirebiT da enaSi maTi asaxvis gzebs. adamianis sxvadasxva mdgomareobis (rogorc fizikuri, aseve sulieri) gamomxatveli frazeologiuri erTeulebi SesaZlebelia daiyos Tematur jgufebad. maTi dajgufebisas yuradReba unda gamaxvildes idiomebis Semadgenel leqsikur komponentebze. 2006-2012 ww. taosa da imerxevSi eqspediciebis dros mopovebuli frazeologiuri masalis damuSavebis Sedegad aRmoCnda, rom idiomatur gamoTqmaTa Semadgenel komponentebad, ZiriTadad, adamianis sxeulis nawilebi gvevlineba. mag.: folos (tuCebis) daSveba - SeSineba, Sewuxeba, tirilis dapireba; gurjis Wipi - namdvili qarTveli; sxuili ena aqvs - bevri laparaki icis; didTava - mTavari, ufrosi; Tavi xelaT ar maqvs - ar mcalia; TvalnaWiravi - Seyvarebuli; Zvali da tyavi - Zalian susti; zrugad aReba (Sengan/misgan izruga) - mxardaWeris imedi mieca, Segulianda ... am tipis komponentTa dajgufebisas cal-calke gamoiyofa qarTul saliteraturo enasa da sxva kiloebSic gavrcelebuli frazeologizmebi, sakuTriv taouri da imerxeuli, agreTve Turqulidan Semosuli idiomaturi gamoTqmebi.

63

said muliani (irani. fereidunSahris universiteti) qarTul-somxur urTierToba fereidanSi saqarTvelosa da somxeTs mravalsaukunovani urTierToba akavSirebs. isini mezoblebi iyvnen da sxvadasxva mizezisa Tu miznebis gamo sxva qveynebis yuradRebis centrSi iyvnen; Sesabamisad, uamravi msgavsi Tavgadasavlebi hqoniaT. XVII saukuneSi sefianTa xanaSi es ori qveyana da maTi mosaxleoba sefianT SahTa politikam didad daazarala. asobiT qarTveli da somexi iZulebiT da Zalian cud pirobebSi iranis centralur teritoriaze, maSindel dedaqalaqTan axlos daasaxles. axal qveyanaSic isini mezoblebi iyvnen, oRond amjerad maTi soflebi iyo mezoblad (da ara - saxelmwifoebi). axal sacxovrebelSic maTi kavSirebi mWidro iyo. erTi SexedviT, maT Zalian kargi da megobruli urTierToba hqondaT, Tumca iyo kritikuli damokidebulebac; kerZod, somxur wyaroebze dayrdnobiT da qarTuli andazebisa Tu igavarakebis mixedviT es kuriozuli da orsaxovani urTierToba kargad moCans. mag., somexi avtori harutun derhuhaniani mogviTxrobs: `im dros, roca qerim xani Tavisi gamarjvebuli jariT quhrangSi (baxTiris mTebi) iyo, axores (fereidanis martyofis) qarTvelebi ajanydnen da TavianTi soflis mTebis kalTas Seafares Tavi, raTa gamarjvebulisaTvis xarki ar miecaT. somxuri soflebis (sangibaranis, xungis, Sahbulayis, milagerdis, suruSjanis) macxovreblebma, romlebic qarTvelTa mezoblad cxovrobdnen, sparselTa SiSis gamo axoreSi wavidnen. isini joxis nacvlad gaWyletil lerwams daeyrdnen". fereidnelebi am brZolaSi damarcxdnen. somexi avtoris azriT, sofel axores ajanyebuli qarTvelebi `dampali lerwamis" msgavsni arian. Sdr.: fereidnul andazebSi, aseve, mkafiod Cans ironia mezobeli somxebisadmi; mag.: `somexma sofeli upatronod rom naxos, ujoxod ivlis; `somexma gadagdo uReli, mokla kurdReli... pirvel andazaSi damcirebulia somexi, rogorc mSiSara, meoreSi ki wina planzea wamoweuli SemTxveviTi gmiroba. msgavsi ironia mezobelTa Tanacxovrebis Tanamdevi movlenaa. moxsenebaSi gaanalizdeba analogiuri Sinaarsis vrceli masala.

64

merab naWyebia (Tbilisi. soxumis saxelmwifo wmindanTa saxelebi da saeklesio Tematika qarTul toponimebSi

universiteti)

moxsenebaSi gavaanalizebT eklesionimTa ramdenime aspeqts lingvokulturologiuri da sociolingvisturi TvalsazrisiT: 1. qarTul enaSi gansxvavebuladaa warmodgenili Tavad wmindanis anTroponimuli modeli: a) anTroponimuli yalibi: wminda+anTroponimuli komponenti: wminda giorgi, wminda kvirike, wminda saba, wminda stefane... b) agionimuri yalibi: agionimuri komponenti+wminda: ninowminda, nikorwminda, giorgiwminda, stefanwminda, sabawminda... g) analogiuri viTarebaa megrulSic: winakverkve (< wminda kverkve ,,wminda kvirike), winagola (< wminda mTa)... 2. garda wminda ninosi da Tamar mefis qtematonimebisa (Tamarisi, Tamaris cixe, Tamaris wyaro, ninowminda...), qal-wmindanTa saxelebi qarTvelur toponimebSi iSviaTia; TiTqos amas sakralurobis gansakuTrebuli xarisxi ,,ar uSvebs. moxsenebaSi aseve miniSnebulia qoronimebidan, artionimebidan, apelativebidan da toponimebidan momdinare eklesionizmebzec.

65

avTandil

nikoleiSvili

(akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti)

artur zutneri saqarTveloSi. romani `aWarlebi" cnobili avstrieli mwerali da Jurnalisti artur gundakar fon zutneri (1850-1902) meuRlesTan saxelganTqmul mweralTan da mSvidobis dargSi nobelis premiis laureat berta fon zutnerTan (1843-1914) erTad cxra wlis ganmavlobaSi (1876-1885 wlebSi) cxovrobda saqarTveloSi da waruSleli adgili daimkvidra qarTuli kulturis istoriaSi. qarTul Tematikas Zalze cota ucxoeli mwerlis SemoqmedebaSi Tu SeuZenia iseTi didi masStabebi, rogorc masTan. misi Semoqmedebis udidesi nawili qarTvel da kavkasiel xalxTa yofa-cxovrebis warmosaxvas mieZRvna. samwuxarod, am nawarmoebTagan qarTulad dResdReobiT mxolod erTaderTia Targmnili - romani `aWarlebi (2007 wels germanulidan qarTul enaze Targmna rusudan RvinefaZem). romanis Seqmnis safuZveli ruseT-TurqeTs Soris 18771878 wlebSi gamarTuli omi gaxda, ris Sedegadac Cvens qveyanas kvlavac SemouerTda aWara da `osmalos saqarTvelos saxeliT cnobili sxva teritoriebi. `aWarlebisadmi interess arsebiTad gansazRvravs is faqti, rom Cveni qveynis am regionis osmalobisdroindel yofaze, garda a. zutneris romanisa, araTu ucxour literaturaSi ar Seqmnila sxva nawarmoebi, aramed es Tema TviT qarTul mwerlobasac ki darCa yuradRebis miRma. romanSi sakmaod Rrmadaa gaanalizebuli `samuslimano saqarTvelos politikur-saxelmwifoebrivi orientaciis problema. am problemisadmi nawarmoebis moqmed gmirTa damokidebulebaSi ori umTavresi Tvalsazrisi ikveTeba: pirveli (rasac Tavad avtoric aqtiurad emxroba) - istoriuli samarTlianobis aRdgena da saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi

66

dampyrobTa mier ZaliT mitacebuli teritoriebis kvlavac qarTuli saxelmwifosTvis mierTeba; da meore - am teritoriebis isev osmalTa imperiis SemadgenlobaSi darCena. gansxvavebiT pirveli Tvalsazrisisagan, romlis realurad aRsrulebisTvis adgilobrivi mosaxleobis aqtiur brZolas, romanis mixedviT, saerTo-saxalxo masStabebi aqvs SeZenili, meore Tvalsazriss mxars ZiriTadad dampyrobTa samsaxurSi myofi Cinosnebi uWerdnen TavianTi pirovnuli keTildReobis SesanarCuneblad. `samuslimano saqarTvelos yofis warmosaxvis dros mwerali dabejiTebiT aRniSnavs im faqts, rom saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi osmaleTis imperiis mier mitacebuli es mxare Cveni qveynis RviZl nawils warmoadgenda. amitomac misi mosaxleobis didi nawilis aqtiuri brZola kvlavac erTian qarTul erovnul-saxelmwifoebriv sivrceSi dasabruneblad, rac romanSi sakmaod STambeWdavadaa asaxuli, mwerals istoriuli samarTlianobis aRdgenad miaCnia. sabolood, yovelive zemoTqmulis safuZvelze, ar gadavaWarbebT, Tu vityviT, rom qarTuli TematikiT dainteresebul ucxoel mweralTa Soris artur zutneri erT-erTi yvelaze metad gamorCeuli avtoria, romelic sakmaod Rrmad da safuZvlianadaa garkveuli movlenaTa arsSi da qarTveli xalxisadmi aSkarad mxardamWeri poziciebidan warmoaCens Sesabamisi periodis cxovrebiseul sinamdviles.

67

nikoloz oTinaSvili

(goris saxelmwifo universiteti)

saswavlo

sofel Zeglevis toponomastikuri masalebi sofeli Zeglevi mdebareobs qsnis xeobaSi, axalgoris raionSi, raionuli centridan samxreTiT xuTi kilometris dacilebiT mdinaris marcxena mxares, lomis-alevis qedis dasavleTis ganStoebaze. soflis savargulebi vrcelia da ramdenime aTeul heqtars moicavs. isini aragvis xeobis wyalgamyofi adgilebia da aqedan kargad Cans orive xeobis gaRmagamoRma xedebi kavkasionis mTiswinebamde. am TxuTmeti wlis winaT sofelSi ormoci komli cxovrobda, romelTa gvarebia: sabiaSvili, TamaraSvili, wiptauri, imerliSvili, mawiaSvili, SuRliaSvili, TaTaraSvili, manjikaSvili, Woxuri, bedoSvili, kaxiSvili, rusitaSvili, gigauri, qisievi. amJamad rusuli agresiis gamo sofelSi mxolod xuTi ojaxia darCenili, danarCeni devnilebad arian sofel werovanSi, wilkansa da sxva adgilebSi. sofeli ramdenime istoriul dokumentSia dasaxelebuli, maT Soris meTvramete saukunis meore naxevris cnobili enciklopedistis - ioane bagrationis `qarTl-kaxeTis aRweraSi, romelic avtors Seusrulebia erekle da giorgi mefeebis davalebiT 1794-1799 wlebSi. naSromSi daculia masalis aRnusxvis regionaluri principi, rogorc `mosaxle. ufro adre 1781 wlis `qsnis xeobis aRweraSi sofel ZeglevSi cxovrobdnen beri kaxisSvili, ivane doRrielaSvili, filipe gigauri (romelic aseve moxseniebulia gigaurisSviladac), berua javaxisSvili,

68

romlebic sofel ikoTSi mcxovrebi aznauris zurab ficxelauris ymebi yofilan. aRsaniSnavia, rom `qsnis xeobis aRweraSi xev-xeobebi CamoTvlilia micemiTi brunvis formiT: qarCoxs, cxrazmas, soflebi - `dam daboloebiT: Zeglevidam, lamisyanidam, oZisidam, xolo gvarebi ZiriTadad -Ze da -SviliT. aRweraSi jer gvaria dasaxelebuli, xolo Semdeg pirovnebebis uaxloesi winapris saxeli, romliTac SemdegSi aRiniSneboda naTesavTa gaerTianebis saxelwodeba: titvelas Svili, rostevanas Svili... meTvramete saukunis meore naxevris Sida qarTlis mosaxleobis aRweris davTrebi (gamosca da Sesavali werili daurTo ap. TabuaSvilma) liaxvisa da dvanis xeobebSi, saamilaxvroSi Semaval soflebSi ymebis aRwerisas gvarebi ar gvxvdeba micemiTi brunvis formiT da igi dRevandel warmoebas misdevs, xolo soflebi aRiniSneba micemiTi brunvis formiT: qemerts, Zarwems, TamaraSens, saRolaSens... aRniSnuli gvarebidan dRes aRar saxloben doRrielas-Svili da javaxiSvili. soflis toponomastikis Sesaswavlad aseve xeobisaTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs 1822 wels Sedgenil `Tornike erisTavis Semosavlis davTars, romelic Zvirfas cnobebs Seicavs toponimiisa da anTroponomiis imdroindeli viTarebis Sesaxeb. davTarSi moxsenebulia soflebis, maT Soris Zeglevis gadasaxadi saTauriT `sofel Zeglevis begara. Zeglevelebi erisTavisaTvis ixdidnen rogorc fulad, ise produqtebis gadasaxads. maT Soris: puri, qeri, erbo, qaTami, kvercxi. am dros sofelSi cxovrobdnen: daviTa, giorgi, gabro RvTisavariSvilebi, gigo Woxuri, abrama, zaqaria osiSvilebi, romlebic dRes aRar arian, magram toponomastikaSi darCenilia maTi cxovrebis kvali. aseve darCenilia dRes mcxovrebi wiptaurebis, Woxurebisa da sxva gvarebis Zveli yofis amsaxveli masalebi.

69

sofel Zeglevs vrceli mamulebi hqonda, lomis-alevis qedis rogorc aRmosavleTis, ise dasavleTis mxares da maTi saxelebi saTanadod aris asaxuli toponimiaSi, anTroponimiaSi. sul sofelSi aRricxuli gvaqvs 150 topoerTeuli, romlebic warmoebis sxvadasxva formiT gamoirCeva, magram ZiriTad misdevs saerTo-qarTul warmoebas. aris dialeqturi formebic, magaliTad, gurgvaleTi dialeqtSi niSnavs mrgvals, Cirdili Crdils, vaSiolevi did mamulebs, sadac -ev -eb mravlobiTis niSnis daria. aRsaniSnavia, rom a. SaniZem sofel Zeglevis mawarmoebeli afiqsi -ev sufiqsi Zeglevis magaliTzec moixsena Tavis cnobil naSromSi. aseTi warmoeba gvxvdeba mikrotoponimiaSic. toponimiaSi gvxvdeba msazRvrel-sazRvrulis tipis kompozituri warmoeba, -ur sufiqsiani saxelebi, -an-T sufiqsiani warmoeba Stogvaris sawarmoeblad: manjikaanT wyaro, bRavilaanT msxali, kaxaanT miwa... sameurneo toponimiaSi Cans mamulebis adgilmdebareoba: mrvali, gaRma, gamoRma, soflis Tavi da sxva. xalxuri da mecnieruli etimologiiT Zeglevi `Zeglebs niSnavs, rac toponimiaSi saTanado sufiqsiT aris aRniSnuli. sofelSi aTamde istoriuli Zegli gvxvdeba. ramdenime maTganze ki asomTavruli warwerebia, romelTa gamovlena dRes saSuri saqmea. sofel Zeglevisa da, zogadad, soflebis toponomastikuri masalebis Seswavla gadaudebel saqmed unda miviCnioT.

70

mimoza JorJoliani (quTaisi) frinvelis gamosaxulebiani sabeWdavi beWedi quTaisis muzeumidan quTaisis akad. n. berZeniSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo istoriuli muzeumis arqeologiis fondSi daculia Zv. w. III s-is dasawyisiT daTariRebuli qvevrsamarxis kompleqsi, romlis Semadgeneli nawilia brinjaos sabeWdavi beWedi intalio. mis farakze gamoxatulia arwivis figura. orintomorfuli gamosaxulebebi farTod iyo gavrcelebuli uZveles droSi. maT Soris sainteresoa arwivis gamosaxuleba gaSlili frTebiT. aRniSnuli motivi cnobilia Zveli aRmosavleTis qveynebis xelovnebaSi (xeTebi, mesopotamia, sparseTi), antikur samyaroSi. arwivis mxatvruli saxis Seqmna ukavSirdeba xalxTa uZveles religiur warmodgenebs zRaprul, jadosnur frinvelTa Sesaxeb, romlebsac zebunebriv Tvisebebs miawerdnen. arwivi yvela frinvelze maRla frens . igi mzis RvTaebas ganasaxierebs, amasTanave, RvTaebis Tanamgzavric SeiZleba iyos. warmarTul miTologiaSi arwivi, frinvelTa mefe, umaRles RvTaebaTa atributia. Zveli aRmosavleTis xalxTa xelovnebaSi arwivi Zlierebas gamoxatavs, zogadad ki gamarjvebis simbolos warmoadgens. Zvel romSi, Suasaukuneebis xanaSi islamur samyarosa da qristianul bizantiaSi arwivs miniWebuli hqonda saxelmwifo emblemis mniSvneloba. arwivis mxatvruli saxe SeiTvisa qristianulma samyarom. arwivis motivis arsebobas saqarTveloSi uZvelesi tradicia aqvs; damowmebulia saqarTvelos teritoriaze mopovebuli antikuri Tu Semdgomi xanis arqeologiuri masalebiT.

71

maka salia (zugdidi)

baRvi, baRva leqsemaTa urTirTmimarTebisaTvis
TurqeTSi (kerZod duzjeSi) mcxovreb qarTvelTa metyvelebaSi dasturdeba `bavSvis (salit. qarT.) aRmniSvneli baRvi//baRana formebi. baRvi qarTuli saliteraturo enis dasavluri dialeqtebis kuTvnilebaa. saanalizo leqsema Setanilia al. Rlontis `qarTul kilo-TqmaTa leqsikonSi: baRvi (raW., z.aWar.) bavSvi, balRi; aqve warmodgenilia baRvina (raW.) bavSvi, balRi (S.ZiZig.); baRana/e-i (imer., gur., aWar., fS.) bavSvi, balRi, uwlovani; balRauWi (kax.) balRi, bavSvi (al. Rlonti, 1984). bavSvis aRmniSvneli baRana gvaqvs megrulSi. al. neimanis `qarTul sinonimTa leqsikonis mixedviT, bavSvi, balRi, yrma, ymawvili, baRana, Rlapi, baia sinonimuri formebia (al. neimani, 1978). baRvi, baRvina, baRana, balRi, balRauWi formaTa urTierTkavSiri naTelia... amave semantikuri rigisad gvesaxeba baRva formac. s.-s. orbelianis ganmartebiT: `baRva - gleja, RawvTa xokaa; iqve miTiTebulia - n. nabaRvi `nagleji . baRva - mwvanilis mTlad mokrefa, gleja (saba); gagleja (n. Cub.) dadasturebulia qiziyursa da qarTlurSi (al. Rlonti, 1984). Cveni azriT baRvi, baRva formaTa Soris leqsikursemantikuri kavSiri iseTivea, rogorc xorci-xocva (ix. m. Rlonti).

72

rusudan

saRinaZe

(akaki wereTlis universiteti)

saxelmwifo

vasalitetis aRmniSvneli zogierTi terminis evfemisturi funqcia qarTulSi evfemisturi gamoTqmebi qarTulSi uZvelesi droidan arsebobs. gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom Tavdapirvelad es feodaluri ierarqiis princips eqvemdebareboda(b. jorbenaZe). amiT unda iyos ganpirobebuli vasalitetis aRmniSvneli terminebis evfemisturi funqciiT aRWurva. istoriulad saqarTveloSi ierarqiuli damokidebulebis Secvlam asaxva pova qarTuli enis leqsikur fondSi: zogierTma terminma pirvandeli semantikac SeinarCuna da enobrivi eTikis doneze damatebiTi mniSvnelobac SeiZina. es Seexo rogorc maRali, ise dabali ierarqiis (ufalmonoba, patronymoba, batonymoba... ) aRmniSvnel terminebs. maRali ierarqiis gamomxatveli evfemebi ufali, mefe/ nefe, dedofali, patroni, batoni, qalbatoni... enis ganviTarebis sxvadasxva etapze zogjer enacvleba erTmaneTs: mibrZane, ufalo (= batono, ufroso), ufalo redaqtoro (= batono)... dabali ierarqiis aRmniSvnel terminTagan mona, yma, msaxuri... zogi, magaliTad, mona, yma, sxvadasxva donis (safexurebriv) ierarqias gamoxatavda saqarTveloSi. Sdr.: `monaao asmaTisi... an: `pirvel yma xar xorcieli, arvina gvyavs Senad sworad(`vefxistyaosani). es terminebi, rogorc evfemizaciis saSualeba, dasturdeba gamoTqmebSi: Sen xar Cemi batoni; Tqveni mona-morCili; Tqvens samsaxurSi var, mimsaxureT; Tqvens samsaxurSi miguleT... vasalitetis aRmniSvnel terminTa damatebiTi an zogjer sruliad axali semantikiT datvirTva, mimarTvis formebsa da Tavazian gamoTqmebSi, frazeologizmebSi gamoyeneba, sabolood ki enobrivi eTikis sferoSi moqceva istoriulad qarTuli sazogadoebis maRalganviTarebulobis maCvenebelia.

73

giorgi

sosiaSvili

(goris saxelmwifo universiteti)

saswavlo

robert qer porteris cnobebi aleqsandre batoniSvilis moRvaweobis Sesaxeb XIX saukunis I naxevarSi kavkasia araerTma ucxoelma mogzaurma moinaxula. maTi erTi nawili evropidan ruseTSi moxvda. evropelTa mogzaurobas kavkasiis qveynebSi, maT Soris saqarTveloSi, saimperatoro kari Tavisi politikuri miznebisTvis iyenebda. ucxoeli mogzaurebi aRwerdnen qveynebis geografias, mosaxleobas, maT zne-Cveulebebs da tradiciebs, socialur mdgomareobas. Tumca xSir SemTxvevaSi am yvelafris ukan saimperatoro karis davalebebi iyo. aq igulisxmeba saidumlo informaciis Segroveba, rac ruseTs kavkasiis koloniur aTvisebaSi mniSvnelovan daxmarebas gauwevda. XIX saukunis pirvel meoTxedSi saqarTveloSi imogzaura ingliselma mxatvarma robert ker porterma (1775-1842). igi daibada 1735 wels uiliam porteris ojaxSi. mas oTxi dedmamiSvili hyavda. robert ker porteri londonis samefo samxatvro akademiis dasrulebis Semdeg cnobili gaxda rogorc saeklesio mxatvrobis ostati. 1804 wels aleqsandre pirvelma igi peterburgSi samefo karze miiwvia. saqarTveloSi porteri 1817 wels Camovida da mas garkveuli periodi TbilisSic cxovrobda. Tavisi mogzaurobis Sedegad man dawera wigni, romelsac kavkasiis xedebis ilustraciebic daurTo. mogzaurobis amsaxveli STabeWdilebebi, romlis saTauria mogzauroba saqarTveloSi, sparseTSi, somxeTsa da antikur babilonSi or tomad gamoica londonSi 1821-1822 ww. robert ker porteris CanawerebSi didi adgili eTmoba saqarTvelos. man Cveni qveynis araerTi qalaqi da sofeli moinaxula. Caiwera gadmocemebi, aRwera mosaxleobis yofa-cxovreba,

74

Cacmuloba. misi dRiurebi udavod mniSvnelovan informacias Seicavs XIX saukunis I meoTxedis saqarTvelos socialur-ekonomikuri, politikuri da kulturuli cxovrebis Sesaxeb. cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb Sesulia Txzulebis pirvel tomSi. aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom ingliseli mogzauri da mxatvari Txzulebis meore tomSi Zalze saintereso informacias gadmogvcems aleqsandre erekle Ze batoniSvilis Sesaxeb. porteri dawvrilebiT gvesaubreba kavkasiaSi ruseTis koloniur politikaze, rusuli mmarTvelobis stilze. igi TavrizSi Sexvedria aleqsandre batoniSvils da qarTveli ufliswulis xilviT moxibluli mas ase axasiaTebda: SeuZlebeli iyo ise SegexedaT am uSiSari princisaTvis, rom interesi ar gagRviZebodaT. miuxedavad imisa, rom is iyo aseTi veluri da jiuti; SeuZlebeli iyo ar gagCenodaT aRtacebis iseTi grZnoba, romelic adamians daanaxebs mefe loms. porteris cnobiT aleqsandre batoniSvils Zalze axlo urTierToba hqonda abas mirzasTan da cdilobda mTeli Tavisi Zala da energia ruseTis koloniuri politikis winaaRmdeg brZolisaTvis Seelia. saqarTvelodan devnili aleqsandre batoniSvili ingliseli mogzauris cnobiT jer daRestanSi cxovrobda, Semdeg ki iranSi. robert ker porteris cnobebi aleqsandre batoniSvilis Sesaxeb Zalze sainteresoa, radgan igi qarTveli batoniSvilis TviTmxilvelia da mis informacias meti damajerebloba aqvs. aleqsandre batoniSvilis Sesaxeb qarTul istoriografiaSi Zalze bevri ram dawerila da, vfiqrobT, ingliseli mxatvris cnobebi aleqsandre erekles Zis moRvaweobis Sesaxeb arsebul codnis Tvalsawiers kidev ufro gazrdis.

75

manana tabiZe

(saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wm. andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qarTuli universiteti)

mahmadianuri religiisa da misi mimdevrebis markirebis sakiTxisaTvis qarTulSi qarTul enas uZvelesi tradicia akavSirebs qristianul terminologiasa da simbolikasTan; gacilebiT naklebia islamuri religiuri terminologiisaTvis qarTuli Sesatyvisebis daZebnis gamocdileba. Tumca isic unda aRiniSnos, rom mahmadianur sarwmunoebasa da kulturas saqarTveloSi Soreuli warsulidan icnobdnen da, cxadia, enobrivadac gaiazrebdnen. amitomacaa, rom qarTuls Zalze mravalferovani enobrivi Sesatyvisebic aqvs SerCeuli da misadagebuli am sarwmunoebisa da misi mimdevrebisaTvis. mahmadianTa da mahmadianobis leqsikuri markireba qarTulSi sami ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT xdeboda: a) mahmadianebi umTavresad saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg mebrZol Zalad aRiqmebodnen, romelic ara mxolod qarTvelTa Semusvras, aramed maTTvis qristianobis warTmevasa da sakuTari sarwmunoebis iZulebiT Tavs moxvevas cdilobda, b) politikuri mtrobis miuxedavad CvenSi Zveli droidanve iTargmneboda mahmadianuri samyaros literaturuli Sedevrebi, romelTa Targmans CvenSi rjulis leqsikafrazeologiac Semohyveboda da g) mahmadianoba da mahmadianebi e.w. diplomatiis eniT unda aRniSnuliyvnen, raTa istoriuli dapirispirebis negatiuri konotacia Serbilebuliyo;. mahmadianobasTan dakavSirebuli leqsika qarTulSi Zalze mravalricxovania da aucileblad imsaxurebs mkvlevarTa yuradRebas. konkretul SemTxvevaSi Cven mxolod ramdenime sakiTxze SevCerdebiT: a) dRes qarTulSi orTografiuli norma gvTavazobs terminebs: mahmadiani//muslimani, mahmadianuri//muslimanuri; mahmadianoba//muslimanoba; Tumca mediaenasa da politikosTa metyvelebaSi ufro xSirad muslimi, muslimuri, musulmanoba dasturdeba, rac miuTiTebs, rom normam ryeva daiwyo (unda vivaraudoT, rom normis aramdgradoba

76

yvelafris inglisur yaidaze gawyobis bolodroindelma tendenciam ganapiroba: Sdr. stambol-i (tradiciuli qarTuli norma) da dRes sayovelTaod gavrcelebuli stambul-i); Zvel qarTulSi dadasturebuli formebidan (musulmani, muslumani, musurmani, musurmanTa), zogierTi dRes dialeqtebSia Semonaxuli; aseTia: muslumani, musurmani... movixmobT ramdenime magaliTs qarTlis cxovrebidan: muslumani: da viTar amisTAsca eseviTarad daleqsavs mleqsavi vinme da ityAs: Sen vaxtangis sanatrel xar, SenTAs RmrTisa mqenebrisa, cnamca Seni mterTa Zleva, TATon mzeebr mSuenebrisa, muslumanTa amwyuedlisa, qristianTa mSenebrisa. da vin dagbada, masve nebavs dabadeba Senebrisa. Sen gibrZanebia qarTvelTaTvis aRebad rmali muslumanTa ocad; musulmani: da mwuxri mivides sofel-qalaqsa musulmansa, romeli moaores da ganisuenes sadame; musurmani: Samelni, romelni tyued giyofies, eseni arian musurmani; ara ars brZanebuli mahmadisa, viTarmed musurmani tyue yos mahmadianman. eseni momec, raTa Tavisufal vyo); mahmadiani: ara ars brZanebuli mahmadisa, viTarmed musurmani tyue yos mahmadianman. b) araerTgvarovania muhamedis saxelis gaformeba Zvel qarTulsa da dialeqtebSi: Zvel qaTulSi muhamedi Semdegi formebiT Segvxvda: mohmedi (mohmedis moZRureba esreT iyo...; ese arca romel rmali didisa mociqulis mohmedisa; me nuqardin, sultani yovlisa cisa-queSisa umaRlesi... movlinebuli didisa mohmedisagan...), mohmadi (Tayuanis-ces CaTrsa Cemsa, sasoeba igi Tqueni juari winaSe Cemsa dalewos da mohmadi aRiaros ); muhamedi (mcnobelman amisman salduxis Zis Zeman, saxeliT

77

mutafradin, aRar damxedman mSobelTa arnebobisaman da damgdebelman muhamedisman, sjul|isa tkbilisaman ...); mamadi: ver gaumagrdnen, odesac mterTa dauwyes brZolani,.. ymad wauvidnen isasa, iqmnen mamadis qolani! (d. guramiSvili) xelmwifem vaxtangs miswera: modi, migiCnev mamado, iesos qristes miendev, nu mogatyuebs mamado (d. guramiSvili). qarTuli saxelmwifos kontaqtebi mahmadianur samyarosTan me-20 saukunis bolosa da 21-e saukunis dasawyisSi gansakuTre-bulad aqtiuri gaxda. amas Tavisi mizezebi aqvs: a) Tanamedrove msoflios demokratiulliberaluri politika xsnis barierebsa da akrZalvebs religiur sazogadoebebSi, adamianis uflebaTa dacvis saxeliT tradiciuli religiebis Tanabar statuss aniWebs sxva konfesiebs an konfesiisSida mimdinareobebs, amiT ki stimuls aZlevs saTanado literaturis beWdvis, Targmnis, Tavisufal mimoqcevaSi Semotanis process... b) sazogadoebis garkveuli nawilisaTvis konfesiuri literatura filosofiur, ideologiur literaturas gauTanabrda da amdenad saintereso Seiqna ara sakuTriv rligiuri, aramed samecniero da kulturologiuri TvalsazrisiT; g) sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg leninuri aTeizmisagan gaTavisuflebam postsabWoTa sazogadoeba miabruna religiisaken, maT Soris mahmadianebi - islamisaken (Tumca komunisturi reJimis simkacris miuxedavad mahmadianebi yvelaze naklebad moswydnen sakuTar rwmenas); d) sabWouri rkinis fardis awevas Sedegad mohyva Turqul-qarTuli da iranul-qarTuli socialur-kulturuli kontaqtebis gafarToeba, rac TargmanisaTvis damatebiT stimuls warmoadgens. dasaxelebuli garemoebebi cxadyofen, rom Tanamedrove socialur-politikur diskursSi sagangebod unda iqnas gaazrebuli iseTi mgrZnobiare Tema, rogoricaa sxvadasxva konfesiis xalxTa urTierTobisas moqmedi leqsika, romelic araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba iyos diskriminaciuli.

78

Tedo

uTurgaiZe

(arnold Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis instituti)

sintagmis wevrTa blokireba qarTulSi blokirebas vuwodebT movlenas, rodesac sintagmis erTi wevri fleqsiur kategoriaTa materialuri niSnebiT gansazRvravs masTan dakavSirebuli wevris nulovan alomorfTa gramatikul mniSvnelobebs. sintagmis wevrTa blokirebis principTa Camoyalibeba daiwyo Zvelma qarTulma da enaSi TandaTanobiT xdeboda blokirebis aris gafarToeba gansxvavebuli urTierTobis mqone sintagmebSi, kerZod: sazRvrulTa da pre- da postpoziciur msazRvrelTa urTierTobaSi, qvemdebareSemasmenlisa da pirmimarTi damatebebis urTierTobaSi, rodesac damatebasa da qvemdebares saerTo detonati aRmoaCndebaT. am TvalsazrisiT sanimuSod warmovadgenT prepoziciuri substanciuri msazRvrelis urTierTobas sazRvrulTan: Zvel qarTulSive blokirebuli prepoziciuri substanciuri msazRvrelis brunvisa da ricxvis gansazRvra daiwyo sazRvrulis brunvisa da ricxvis materialuri niSnebiT: uflisa-0 sityua-~, uflisa0 sityua-man, uflisa-0 sityua-sa, uflisa-0 sityua-n-i, uflisa-0 sityua-Ta Sdr., ufro wina periodis uflisa-~ sityua-~, uflisa-man sityua-man, uflisa-sa sityua-sa uflisa-n-i sityua-n-i, uflisa-Ta sityua-Ta -isa sufiqsi msazRvrelTa formebSi yvelgan warmoqmnis elementia da fuZes genekuTvneba, Sesabamisad, rogorc Zvel, ise Tanamedrove qarTulSi (uflis-0 sityva-0, uflis-0 sityva-m, uflis-0 sityva-s, uflis-0 sityv-eb-i) saqme gvaqvs SeTanxmebasTan sazRvrulsa da msazRvrels Soris brunvasa da ricxvSi, rac materialurad markirebulia mxolod sazRvrulTa formebSi, msazRvrelTa formebSi ki gramatikuli CaweriT es kategoriebi nulovani alomorfebiT unda gamoixatos. `vefxistyaosnis `Tavi srulad gavaSeTeT (290) winadadebaSi pirdapiri damateba `Tavi pirisa da ricxvis gagebas iRebs qvemdebarisa (Cven) da Semasmenlis (gavaSeTeT) ricxvisa da piris mixedviT, rac mkafiod vlindeba konversiul pasivTan Sepirispirebisas: Cven Tavi gavaSeTeT: Cven gavSeTdiT gaudiferencirebuli Tavi aqtiur zmnasTan atarebs I piris gagebas mravlobiT ricxvSi, ris gamoxatvac avtors SeeZlo sxvanairadac: /Cven Tavni gavaSeTeniT/, maSin blokireba ganxorcieldeboda mxolod piris mixedviT (Cven gavSeTdiT).

79

naTela

fartenaZe

(baTumi. SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti)

garemoeba SavSurSi adgilis garemoebis gamosaxatavad SavSur metyvelebaSi gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva saSualeba: a) uTandebulo micemiTis formebi: Cemi RarWebi biTevi iq arian, rizes arian... baxala myavs ankaras da mova dRes; izmiT var, mevbargoda rizes; ZvelaT bursas movden gurjebi; zamTari bursas varT Cven... aseve, iseTi uTandebulo micemiTiani formebi, sadac arc brunvis niSania warmodgenili: Cemi dede baTum yofila xojaT; Cemi baxala mova, SavSeT iyo; SavSeT viyav, iqidan mual damcxa; erT biWi myavs arTvin, xadastroSi saqmobs, iq ari iSte zaTi erzrum iyo; Cemi dede~ stambul dadis... gvxvdeba uTandebulo gavrcobili micemiTbrunviani formebic: erTi Zveli xoja ari, alixoja, bazgireTsa; orsam adgilidan gadmodis TurmaneTsa gza; bazgireTsa Coma aRar yofila... b) Tandebuliani adgilis garemoeba. uTandebulo micemiTis formebis gverdiT gvxvdeba -ze, -Si, -Tan, Sua, Soris Tandebuliani formebic. mag.: erTi biWi yavs, arTvin, xadastroSi saqmobs; davucdi iqao, istambul da baTumSi wavalo; baRnebi geiqcen, bursas saqmoben, inegonSi; SavSeTSi viRebdiT, arTvinSi viRebdiT rus bazarze; ori Tane germaniaSi arian, erTi bursas... -ze Tandebuli iTavsebs -Si Tandebulis funqcias da gamoiyeneba sivrcis gamosaxatavad: Cveni TurqCaze modis esa; ~ailaze danas SevakoWiebT xojas, mgels piri Seekrebao; Tamaras mezeri sazgilerzea... iSviaTia garemoeba Tandebuliani naTesaobiTis formiT: Cven stambul vdgavarT, xoxleviske ase waxval... gvaqvs SemTxveva, rodesac -Si Tandebulis nacvlad gamoyenebulia -dan Tandebulis Sekvecili nawili -da: hasani myavs emia~, is gadmodis baTumda~... mniSvnelobis gasaZliereblad -Si Tandebulian saxelTan SeiZleba iyos zmnizeda Sig. igive SemTxvevebi dasturdeba SavSurSi, magram Sig zmnizedis nacvlad gamoyenebulia Sigan forma: baTumda Sigan xarT? baTumda Cven ar viciT...

80

SeiZleba erTi winadadebis farglebSi Segvxvdes rogorc Tandebuliani, ise uTandebulo adgilis garemoeba: norgiali SavSeTSi ar ari, artanuj ari; sami RarWi gadasaxlebuli arian. zamTarSi antalias, almaniaSi arian... Tandebuliani drois garemoeba: a) -Si Tandebuliani formebi: -Si Tandebulis darTviT awarmoeben drois garemoebas Semdegi sityvebi: dRe, Rame, dro, genjoba (=axalgazrdoba), kvira, Tve: erTi ana~ dReSi binTane emes dadebs, kvercx; aRribasani aqac iyo, RameSi dagawveba, maxsovs, dede~ ityoda; ha im droSi movdivarT, gasaTovlebel droSi wavdivarT; lobio kviraSi erTi Tane unda gavakeTo... b) -ze Tandebuliani formebi: Zal uuTavda da am jumaze mival iqeT iSte; gaTendeba, dilaze dodofal gamevyvanT gareT; is axla, am wimebze, amodis Tvelze; im welwadze eme vqen... uTandebulo drois garemoeba: saxelebi: dRe, Rame, dro micemiT brunvaSi uTandebulodac awarmoeben drois garemoebas: im Rames deifantvian, siZena wevdes; `dResac kidev stumrebsa sajmel duudgmen, Wamen; baRvi mexla, me Zvel dros Tormeti weliwadia... fuZis saxiT an saxelobiTis formiT gadmocemuli micemiTbrunviani drois garemoeba: erT-or dRe ise eqneba da maskvan Zeze gadabrundeba; zamTari bursas vaT Cven; am qilisaSi Tamara mosula, ukana xanebi aq ucocxlia... gvaqvs -iv daboloebiani formiT warmodgenili drois aRmniSvneli saxeli: ase axla yola~, Tbila-da, zamTriv zoria...; zeganSi varT axla, zamTriv _ barSi; kidev dadian iseni [askerebi] hama dRiv ara, dRiv ar arian... viTarebis garemoeba. SavSur metyvelebaSi viTarebis garemoebad saxelis viTarebiTi brunvis formaa gamoyenebuli, romelsac brunvis niSnis TanxmovniTi nawili CamoSorebuli aqvs da dairTavs ~-s: Zvelebura~ ar ari; Zvelebura~ xareb CavabemdiT; qarTula~ vagineb da var, ar gnebuloben... viTarebiTi brunvis niSnis nacvlad viTarebis garemoeba gvxvdeba saxelobiTi brunvis formiT: SeSisa ho, kolofa lamazi gaaxvevden... -viT Tandebuliani viTarebis garemoeba xSir SemTxvevaSi warmodgenilia -vef/-ven saxecvlili formiT: xalxi racxas deiareben, cxvarsavef iq wevlen; buki xesaven geizdeba, emeeb micens zedam, borjRaleb...

81

JuJuna feiqriSvili

(akaki wereTlis universiteti)

saxelmwifo

dialeqtologiuri kvlevis tradicia quTaisis pedagogiur institutSi da qeTevan ZoweniZe qarTuli dialeqtebis mecnieruli kvlevis mesaZirkvled samarTlianad iTvleba akaki SaniZe, romelmac, jer kidev studentma, praqtikulad daiwyo es saqme mTis kiloebis SeswavliT, xolo cota mogvianebiT Tbilisis axladgaxsnil universitetSi, sibrZnis metyvelebis fakultetze, calke saswavlo disciplinad SemoiRo qarTuli dialeqtologia. myar mecnierul niadagze dafuZnebuli es tradicia 1933 wlidan bunebrivad gagrZelda quTaisis pedagogiur institutSi, sadac dialeqtologiis saleqcio kurss kiTxulobda ak. SaniZe, praqtikul mecadineo-bebs ki uZRveboda v. Tofuria. swored qarTuli lingvisturi skolis korifeebis: ak. SaniZis, g. axvledianis, arn. Ciqobavasa da v. Tofurias (romlebic quTaisSic uSualod warmarTavdnen qarTuli enisa da zogadi enaTmecnierebis kaTedrebis mTlian saswavlo process) udidesi damsaxureba iyo isic, rom quTaisis pedinstituti imTaviTve iqca dasavluri dialeqtebis kvlevis mniSvnelovan centrad. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT gamorCeuli iyo studentTa saenaTmecniero wre (xelmZRv. v. Tofuria), romlis wevrebi: q. ZoweniZe, p. jajaniZe, ant. kiziria, m. alaviZe, gr. imnaiSvili, iv. varlamiSvili da sxv. kaTedris davalebiT igzavnebodnen zafxulobiT dasavleT saqarTvelos sxvadasxva raionSi dialeqtologiuri Tu folkloruli masalebis Casawerad da Semdgom maT moxsenebebis saxiT ganixilavdnen wris sxdomebsa da konferenciebze. dialeqturi masalebis Sekreba-Seswavlis tradicia momdevno wlebSic ar Senelebula quTaisis pedinstitutSi.

82

s. JRenti, S.ZiZiguri, g.rogava... axalgazrda kadrebis sakvlevaZiebo saqmianobas am mimarTulebiTac aqcevdnen sagangebo yuradRebas. Sesabamisad, specialur krebulebsa Tu JurnalebSi xSirad ibeWdeboda kaTedris wevrTa, aspirantTa studentTa naSromebi, romlebic ZiriTadad eZRvneboda dasavlur kiloebs (imeruls, leCxumurs, aWaruls, guruls) da saintereso masalebiT avsebda qarTuli dialeqtebis istorias. dialeqtebis Seswavlis aspeqtiT kaTedris muSaoba gansakuTrebiT nayofieri iyo1960-iani wlebidan (gamge q. ZoweniZe). am saqmeSi, q. ZoweniZis miTiTebiTa da davalebiT, kaTedris wevrTa garda aqtiurad iyvnen Cabmuli studentebic. daiwera gamokvlevebi, statiebi, Segrovda mdidari saleqsikono baza... da, rac mTavaria, dasavluri kiloebisa da kilokavebis Sesaxeb momzadda q. ZoweniZis, p. jajaniZis, k. kublaSvilis monografiebi, gaTvaliswinebuli sadoqtoro disertaciebad. 1990-iani wlebidan am tradiciis uSualo memkvidre da gamgrZelebeli gaxda akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universitetis qarTveluri dialeqtologiis samecnierokvleviTi instituti, romelic Tavisi arsebobis 20 wlisTavs _ am saiubileo TariRs xvdeba mniSvnelovani warmatebebiT, mravalferovani SemoqmedebiTi saqmianobiT. specialuri literaturis SejerebiTa da kaTedris wevrebTan Tbiliseli kolegebis saqmiani mimoweris (saarqivo piradi werilebis) gaTvaliswinebiT, moxsenebaSi zogadad iqneba mimoxi-luli zemoaRniSnul gamokvlevaTa mecnieruli Rirebuleba, qeTevan ZoweniZis dialeqtologiuri naSromebi ki daxasiaTdeba vrclad, aseve gamoikveTeba misi udidesi Rvawli qarTvelologiaSi.

83

rusudan

fifia,

saxelmwifo universiteti)

brolisa

wulaia

(soxumis

`vefxistyaosnis swavlebis sakiTxebi ,,vefxistyaosani, didi ilias sityvisamebr, ,,zogad adamianis bunebis mixedviT arian Seqmnilni da agebulni. misi swavleba da Semecneba yoveli Taobis winaSe axal problemebs ayenebs da yovel epoqaSi axleburad gaiazreba. ,,vefxistyaosnis mxatvruli samyaros saTanadod gaazrebaze fiqri da misi saswavlo-saganmanaTleblo problematikiT daintereseba vaxtang meeqvsis pirveli beWduri gamocemis komentarebTan erTad daiwyo. swored swavlulma mefem dagvitova anderZad, rom ,,vefxistyaosani mkiTxvelT sxvagvarad ar uCndesT da es swavla gaugonebeli ar darCes. moswavleTa SemoqmedebiTi unarebis, maTi pirovnebis, moTxovnilebebisa da Rirebulebebis ganviTareba, kritikuli azrovnebis Camoyalibeba gaxda saganmanaTleblo sistemis axali amocana. mxatvruli literaturis, rogorc saskolo sagnis, swavleba am amocanis gadaWris mTavari RerZia, radganac is samarTlianadaa miCneuli adamianTmcodneobad da, Sesabamisad, mxatvrulad asaxavs garesamyarosTan pirovnebis emociur da racionalur urTierTobas. mecnierTa mier dadgenilia, rom Tanamedrove rTuli literaturuli xasiaTebis, winaaRmdegobrivi realisturi saxeebis, literaturaSi gadasuli cxovrebiseuli konfliqtebis fonze `vefxistyaosani erTgvarad sworxazovnad da, amdenad, sqematurad ikiTxeba. moswavlisaTvis Znelia sakuTari iniciativiT gamovides am CarCodan da poemiseuli ideur-mxatvruli samyaro istoriul aspeqtSi waikiTxos (e. xinTibiZe). Tanamedroveobis moTxovnad da problemad iqca, yvela asakis moswavleebs ,,vefxistyaosnis uSualo aRqmisas davanaxoT, rom es aris mxatvrulad srulfasovani inteleqtualuri romani, romelic mravalplaniani, qveteqstebiT mdidari da didi moculobisaa. es aris genialuri mxatvruli qmnileba, romelic aqtualobas arasdros kargavs da is mSvenieri masalaa moswavleebis cnobierebis ganviTarebisaTvis, axali informaciis Sefasebis, sakuTari poziciis gamoxatvisa da dacvis, zneobis sakiTxebze msjelobis Cvevebis gamosamuSaveblad, kritikuli azrovnebis unaris Camosayalibeblad.

84

tariel

futkaraZe

(saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wm. andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qarTuli universiteti)

qarTul zmnur formaTa gandasebis meTodologiuri safuZvlebisaTvis zmnis analizis procesSi specialistTa mier romelime gramatikuli kategoriis Semotana unda emsaxurebodes zmnis formaTa paradigmis srulfasovan gaazrebas. qarTuli zmnuri formebis sistemur gaazrebas ver aiolebs dRemde aqtiurad gamoyenebuli gvaris, e.w. gardamavlobisa Tu ak. SaniZis mier SemoRebuli qcevis kategoria, vinaidan am `niSnebiT" zmnur formaTa kvalifikaciisas arsebobs mravali gamonaklisi; amave dros, aralogikuri da araTanamimdevrulia e.w. sam seriad gamijnuli formaluri paradigma; kerZod, rogor SeiZleba erTi rigis yalibebad CaiTvalos realurad sxvadasxva struqturis sampiriani (vuxatav, vixatav) da orpiriani (mexateba) formebi? aseve, ramdenad logikuria, rom, mag., `damexata" forma iTvleba `vxatav" formis paradigmis nawilad - e.w. III seriis mwkrivad da ara - `mexateba" formis wyvetilis (II seriis) formad? es da mravali sxva winaaRmdegoba arTulebs qarTuli zmnis formawarmoebiTi SesaZleblobebis sistemur gaazrebas; es ki seriozuli dabrkolebaa enis kompiuteruli modelirebisas. vfiqrob, marTalia g. deetersi, rodesac ambobs: `qceva an gvari enaSi ar aris mocemuli; isini warmoadgenen gramatikosis Tvalsazriss... Sesabamisad, amosavali unda iyos xmovan prefiqsebze msjeloba da ara am kategoriebze". bolo periodSi gvaris mixedviT zmnis formebis dajgufebis kritikuli analizi warmoadgina d. meliqiSvilma; man sainteresod ganixila is winaaRmdegobebi, romlebic axlavs samecniero literaturaSi arsebul qarTuli zmnis

85

paradigmebs da zmnur formaTa kvalifikaciis safuZvlad SemogvTavaza diaTezis gramatikuli kategoria, romelic `moicavs refleqsivisa da gvaris gagebas". diaTezis kategoria ufro srulyofilad asaxavs qarTuli zmnis Sinagan wesrigs, vidre calke aRebuli gvarisa Tu qcevis kategoria, magram, vfiqrob, d. meliqiSvilis mier SemoTavazebuli diaTezebis SigniT klasebis gamoyofisas zmnuri xmovani prefiqsebis distribuciis ukana planze gadatana arTulebs zmnur formaTa erTobliobis, rogorc logikuri sistemis, gaazrebas. qarTuli zmnuri yalibebis klasifikacia dRemde isev laTinuri gramatikebis models mihyveba (mTavari sakvalifikacio niSania gvaris kategoria), ris gamoc ver moxerxda sxvadasxva saxis zmnuri formebis, rogorc sauRlebeli erTeulebis, logikuri dajgufeba. umjobesi iqneba, zmnur formaTa ZiriTad saklasifi-kacio erTeulad aviRoT xmovanprefiqsiani zmnuri forma da ara - romelime morfologiur-sintaqsuri, morfologiuri Tu semantikuri kategoria, an zmnuri formis daboloeba. Tavis mxriv, zmnis mocemuli yalibis (zmnis formis) fuZe SeiZleba moiazrebdes ramdenime morfologiur Tu semantikur kategorias. gamomdinare aqedan, qarTuli enis manqanuri Targmanis modelirebisas unda moxdes morfologiuri yalibebis mixedviT agebuli formaluri paradigmisa da semantikuri paradigmis Sepirispireba; kerZod, Tanabarzomieri (msgavsi aRnagobis) morfologiuri yalibis mixedviT agebuli paradigmis wevrebisaTvis unda dadgindes konkretuli semantikuri veli. aseT SemTxvevaSi gaioldeba manqanisTvis (programirebisaTvis) `gasagebi" logikuri wesebis gamoyvana. sagangebod aRvniSnav, rom zmnis srulyofil paradigmaSi unda moviazroT ara mxolod uRlebis kategoriebis (drois, aspeqtis, kilos, pirisa da ricxvis), aramed e.w. warmoqmnis kategoriebis (gvaris, qcevisa da kontaqtis) Sesabamisi formebic /am TvalsazrisiT CvenTvis sruliad misaRebia T. uTurgaiZis midgoma/. vfiqrob, aSkaraa, rom xmovani prefiqsebi erTi rangis morfemebs warmoadgens, Tumca kvlevis am etapze Wirs,

86

maTTvis moiZebnos iseTi gramatikuli mniSvneloba, romlebic saSualebas mogvcems, xmovani prefiqsebi erTi morfologiuri kategoriis niSnebad ganvixiloT. xmovani prefiqsebis saerTo zogadi funqciaa gansxvavebuli valentobisa da semantikis mqone zmnuri yalibebis warmoeba (formawarmoeba); kerZod, konkretuli zmnuri forma (yalibi) SegviZlia ganvixiloT, rogorc enobrivi niSani, romelSic `aRmniSvnelia" mocemuli fuZiTa da afiqsebiT agebuli zmnuri yalibi, xolo `aRsaniSnia" konkretul gramatikul Tu semantikur kategoriaTa erToblioba (Sdr.: a-wer-s, iwer-eb-a, i-wer-s, e-wer-eb-a). yovelive zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT, qarTuli zmnuri formebi sami donis iseT ierarqiul paradigmad SeiZleba warmovadginoT, sadac pirveli safexuris TiToeuli yalibi Teoriulad aerTianebs meore donis yvela yalibs, xolo meore safexuris TiToeuli yalibi mesame donis yvela yalibs. mokled samive donis yalibebis Sesaxeb: I donis yalibebi. pirveli safexuris formebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdebian xmovani prefiqsebis,2 kauzativisa da -d sufiqsis povnierebiT, zmnis fuZis semantikuri valentobiTa3 da zmniT gamoxatuli moqmedebis /mdgomareobis/ mimarTulebiT (/zmnaSi moazrebuli Sedegis daniSnulebiT).
SeniSvna: ramdenadac CemTvis cnobilia, jer kidev 180-190 wlis win n. CubinaSvilma SeniSna moqmedebis mimarTulebisa da xmovani prefiqsebis urTierTkavSiri: "miCemebiTa moqmedisa pirisaTa iTqmis: viSeneb, iSeneb, iSenebs... raJams moqmedeba mieCemebis mesame sacnaursa pirsa, maSin iTqmis: vuSeneb, uSeneb, uSenebs... (n. CubinaSvili, qarTuli

Sdr., zmnuri prefiqsebis kidev ori rangi gvaqvs: piris niSnebi da preverbebi. am sami rangis zmnuri prefiqsebisgan mxolod piris niSnebi unda ganvixiloT morfologiuri kategoriis niSnebad; Sdr.: preverbebsa da xmovan prefiqsebs zogjer konkretuli semantikac ukavSirdebaT, magram ara - yovelTvis; am arasistemurobis gamo maT mainc zmnuri yalibis amgebi afiqsebad miviCnevT da ara - romelime morfologiuri kategoriis gamomxatvelad. 3 valentoba (farTo gagebiT) - zmnis fuZis potencia, daikavSiros aqtiur Tu pasiur pirTa garkveuli raodenoba.

87

leqsikoni, 1961, gv. 115); mogvianebiT es mimarTeba ak. SaniZis mier kvalificirda qcevis (versiis) morfologiur kategoriad, magram mravali ganonaklisis arseboba xels uSlis am morfologiuri kategoriis gamoyofas.

gamovyofT 5 ZiriTad yalibs: 1. uxmovanprefiqso fuZe; 2. i+fuZe; 3. u+fuZe; 4. a+fuZe; 5. e+fuZe. TiToeul ZiriTad yalibs aqvs Tavisi variantebi; Sdr.: I - vxatav; II - vxativar; III - vixatebi; IV - vixatav; V vuxatav; VI - vuxativar; VII - vaxatav; VIII - vaxatvineb; IX - vexatebi; X - vexatvinebi da sxv. moqmedebis mimarTuleba SeiZleba iyos: neitraluri (vwer), agensisken an aRmqmeli pirisken mimarTuli (viwer, viwerebi, miyvars/uyvars), adresatisken an ganmcdeli pirisken mimarTuli (miwers/vuwer), sazedao (vawer)... Sdr., zmniswiniT gamoxatuli gezi: mihyavs - mohyavs. `moqmedebis mimarTulebis gamoxatva" semantikuri kategoriaa; igi morfologiur kategoriad ver kvalificirdeba. garkveuli pirobiTobiT, pirveli donis formebs SeiZleba vuwodoT moqmedebis /procesis, mdgomareobis/ mimarTulebisa da semantikuri valentobis (adgilianobis) warmomCeni formebi; SesaZleblad migvaCnia am yalibTa zogad saxelad gamoviyenoT arn. Ciqobavas termini: nakvTi; Sdr., sxvadasxva nakvTebi: vawer, viwer, vuwer, vwerdi, viwerebi... II donis yalibebi. meore safexuris formebis didi nawili tradiciulad aRiniSneba `mwkrivis" saxeliT;4 isini erTmaneTisgan formoblivad gansxvavdebian zmniswinebiT, Temis niSnebiT da zog SemTxvevaSi sxva damatebiTi niSnebiT (mwkrivis formis savrcobiT Tu e.w. mwkrivis niSniT), xolo semantikurad - drois, kilosa da aspeqtis mixedviT /dasaxelebul semantikur kategoriaTa konkretuli kombinaciiT/; erTi nakvTis farglebSi mwkrivTa rigi SeiZleba Seqmnas mxolod erTi yalibisa da erTnairi

n. marisa da ak. SaniZis gramatikebSi Cveni ganixileba pirveli da meore seriis formebad.

II

donis

formebi

88

valentobis mqone formebma:5 v-xat-av (g-xat-av), v-xatav-d-i, v-xatav-d-e; da-v-xat-av, da-v-xatav-d-i, da-v-xatav-d-e; v-xat-e, v-xat-o, da-v-xat-e, da-v-xat-o. mwkrivebi warmoebis mixedviT SeiZleba davyoT sam jgufad: awmyos formaze dafuZnebuli mwkrivebi (awmyos mwkrivze dafuZnebuli mwkrivebi: awmyo, namyo uwyveteli, awmyos kavSirebiTi). myofadis formaze dafuZnebuli mwkrivebi (myofadis mwkrivze dafuZnebuli mwkrivebi: myofadi, xolmeobiTi, myofadis kavSirebiTi) da namyo usrulis formaze dafuZnebuli mwkrivebi (namyo usruli, namyo sruli, momavali droisa da usruli aspeqtis gamomxatveli kavSirebiTi, momavali droisa da sruli aspeqtis gamomxatveli kavSirebiTi). zog SemTxvevaSi mocemul nakvTs awmyos, myofadisa da namyos wris mwkrivebi ar moepoveba (ivsebs sxva nakvTis Sesabamisi formebisgan).6 meore donis formebis - dro-kilosa da aspeqtis gamomxatveli formebis zogad saxelad logikuria darCes ak. SaniZis termini: mwkrivi. III donis yalibebi. mesame safexuris formebi erTmaneTisgan pirisa da ricxvis morfologiuri kategoriebis mixedviT gansxvavebuli formebia; kerZod, mesame donis yalibebi (pirobiTi saxelwodebiT - piris formebi) erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdebian zmnaSi warmodgenili an nagulisxmevi pirebis kombinaciebiT (da ara - raodenobiT), xolo semantikurad - moqmed da aRmqmel (ganmcdel) pir(eb)ze orientirebiT. realizebulia sul 28 forma; amaTgan 9 wyvili aris erTnairi (mag., me gxatav Sen da me gxatav Tqven), Sesabamisad, erTi mwkrivis farglebSi gansxvavebuli gvaqvs 18 forma, Tumca, saerTo CamonaTvalSi mainc unda dafiqsirdes 28 forma (sqemebisaTvis ix., qarTveluri memkvidreoba, XVI, 2012, gv. 201-212).

calke samsjeloa awmyosa da myofadis mwkrivebSi monacvle formebis sakiTxi: v-mefob - v-i-mefeb; "vmefob" tipis formebis ganxilva SesaZlebelia damoukidebladac, rogorc mwkrivnakli formebisa /aseve, SeiZleba mivudgeT ricxvSi monacvleobis sakiTxsac: bavSvi zis - bavSvebi sxedan; foToli vardeba - foTlebi cviva/. 6 mwkrivebis rigSi ar ganvixilavT e.w. mesame seriis formebs.

89

tariel futkaraZe, eka dadiani, qeTevan gurCiani

(akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti)

qarTveluri arqiformebi, qarTveluri enobrivi samyaros segmentaciis sakiTxi da qarTuli enis Tanamedrove gamowvevebi msoflioSi dRes farTodaa gavrcelebuli iseTi lingvistur-eTnologiuri kvalifikaciebi, romlebic mravalsaukunovan qarTvel ers enobriv-eTnikurad danawevrebulad warmoadgens. amgvari kvalifikaciebis ZiriTad safuZvels sabWoTa periodis qarTvelologia qmnis, romlis bevri ideologema Seqmnilia imperiis mxridan ganxorcielebuli sainformacio omis konteqstSi; kerZod, rusul `samecniero" velSi qarTveluri enobrivi samyaro warmodgenilia erT samwignobro enad da or/sam umwerlobo enad. Tanamedrove enaTmecnierebaSi ar arsebobs sando kriteriumi, romlis mixedviTac SesaZlebelia umwerlobo enisa da dialeqtis gamijvna; amis miuxedvad, postsabWoTa periodSic aqtiurad grZeldeba qarTveluri enobrivi samyaros sabWouri segmentacia. xazgasmiT aRvniSnavT: bolo periodamde qarTulenovan samecniero velSi aravis umsjelia umwerlobo enisa da kilos gammijnavi kriteriumebis, an im mizezebis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom unda miviCnioT, mag., lazuri metyveleba zanuri enis kilod Tu damoukidebel enad. is faqti, rom qarTvelur qvesistemebs Soris bgeraTSesatyvisoba dasturdeba, ar aris argumenti romelime qarTveluri metyvelebis enad Tu kilod kvalifikaciisaTvis; bgeraTSesatyvisoba enaTa Tu kiloTa naTesaobis maCvenebelia da ara mocemuli idiomis statusis ganmsazRvreli im martivi mizezis gamo, rom mraval enas (arabuls, germanuls, italiurs, afxazurs...) aqvs iseTi kiloebi/kilokavebi, romelTa Sorisac aris regularuli da kanonzomieri bgersaTSesatyvisobebi. qarTvelur ena-kiloTa Soris arsebul bgeraTmimarTebis sakiTxs araerTi mecnieri (a.cagareli, arn.Ciqobava, g.rogava, T.gamyreliZe, g.maWavariani,

90

m.qurdiani, v.Sengelia, m.Cuxua, r.abaSia...) Seexo. maTi kvlevebis safuZvelze gakeTda mniSvnelovani daskvnebi, romelTa gaTvaliswineba uTuod gviadvilebs qarTvelur arqiformebze msjelobas. qarTvelur dialeqtebSi saerToqarTvelur leqsemaTa (identuri sityvaformebis) raodenoba sakmaod didia; bgeraTSesatyvisobebze saubrisas erT-erTi meTodologiuri Secdomaa identuri formebis gamoricxva - maTi miCneva e.w. nasesxobebad; didi albaTobiT, identuri formebis didi nawili SeiZleba iyos saerToqarTveluridan momdinarec. gaugebaria, ratom unda miviCnioT `wyari" Tu `cxeni" megrulSi e.w. qarTulidan nasesxeb sityvebad. ufro logikuria, rom es sityvebi iseT saerToqarTul formebad CavTvaloT, romelTac cvlileba ar ganucdiaT. ueWveli faqtia, rom qarTveluri qvesistemebis ZiriTadi leqsikuri fondi (adamianisa Tu cxovelis sxeulis nawilebis, cxovelTa, frinvelTa da mcenareTa saxelwodebani, naTesaobis sityvebi, zedsarTavi saxelebi, nacvalsaxelebi, ricxviTi saxelebi, adamianis, frinvelisa Tu cxovelis saarsebo yofasTan dakavSirebuli zmnebi, bunebis movlenebis, materialuri Tu sulieri kulturis Sesabamisi leqsikuri erTeulebi...) identuria, fonetikurad mcired Secvlilia an bgeraTSesatyvisebiTaa warmodgenili (gamoiyofa nasesxebi leqsikac); Sesabamisad, e. w. regularuli bgeraTSesatyvisobebis sqemebSi uTuod unda Sevides identuri fonemebic; mag., r - r, d - d, s - s... da ara mxolod s - S (aseTi midgomis SemTxvevaSi adgili aRar rCeba e.w. m, n, r, l sonantebisa da Suanunismieri Z, c, w, z, s bgerebis rekonstruqciisaTvis). yovelive zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT, vfiqrobT, sakamaToa mosazreba metyvelebis (warmoTqmis) e.w. ukan gadaweviT zanur-svanuri bgeraT-Sesatyvisobebis warmoqmnis Sesaxeb; ufro logikuri Cans, visaubroT saerToqarTveluridan momdinare masalaSi labializaciisa da palatalizaciis procesebis sxvadasxvagvar ganviTarebaze (gasaTvaliswinebelia sxva enaTa gavlenac). vfiqrobT, dasadgenia erTia da imave bgeris gansxvavebuli refleqsebis ganmapirobebeli mizezebi. konkretulad: erTi da igive bgera ra SemTxvevaSi rCeba ucvleli da ra SemTxvevaSi icvleba bgeraTSesatyvisobis safuZvelze. mag.: W-s Semcveli sityvebis didi nawili ar iZleva Sesatyvisobas. Znelia imis Tqma, rom amgvar SemTxvevaSi ar gvaqvs saerToqarTveluri masala, an

91

moqmedebs g. maWavarianis wesi: sityvebSi velaruli bgerebis arseboba xels uSlis W>Wk process. aseTi sityvebia: Wle, Wandari, WaWa, Wiri, Wimua... qarTvelTa kuTxuri metyvelebis aRsaniSnavad aseve Zneladaa gasaziarebeli termini `umwerlobo ena"; termini `umwerlobo ena Seuracxmyofelia sul mcire, 15saukunovani samwignobro kulturis mqone qarTvelebis iovane lazis, Wyondidlebis, martvileli iovane minCxis Tu iovane afxazis (megrelis) Seqmneli kuTxeebis mcxovrebTa saSinao metyvelebisTvis, vinaidan maTi istoriuli samwignobro dedaena qarTulia, kuTxuri (lazur-megruli, svanuri) metyveleba ki - am dedaenis variantebia. Tanamedrove teqnologiebisa Tu sainformacio omebis samyaro axali gamowvevebis winaSe ayenebs rogorc qarTvel ers, zogadad, saqarTvelos, ise qarTvelologiiT dainteresebul sazogadoebas; Sesabamisad, aucilebelia, saxelmwifos mier qarTvelologTa Semdgomi saqmianoba daigegmos ori ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT: I. qarTuli enis teqnologizeba; vfiqrobT, aucilebelia, saxelmwifos programuli dafinansebiT (da ara moklevadiani grantebiT) droulad ganxorcieldes mravalprofiliani grZelvadiani proeqti, romlis produqcia iqneba kompiuteruli programebi, romlebic: 1. qarTul zepir metyvelebas gadaaqcevs nabeWd teqstad; 2. avtomaturad aametyvelebs qarTul nabeWd eleqtronul teqsts; 3. gaacifrebs nabeWd produqciasa da xelnawerebs; 4. ganaxorcielebs srulyofil avtomatur qarTulenovan marTlweras; 5. ganaxorcielebs avtomatur Targmans qarTulidan sxva enebze da piriqiT... warmodgenili amocanebis gansaxorcieleblad aseve programuli dafinansebiT saswrafodaa Sesaqmneli: - qarTuli enis didi eleqtronuli ganmartebiTi leqsikoni /sadac Seva rogorc saliteraturi enis, aseve, qarTvelTa dialeqtebis leqsikac/; eleqtronuli mravaldargovani terminologiuri leqsikoni; - samwignobro enis normebis interaqtiuli vebportali; - sakuTari saxelebis normatiuli eleqtronuli leqsikoni; - qarTuli enis teqstebis erovnuli korpusi, romelic moicavs qarTuli saliteraturo enis masalasac da qarTvelTa dialeqtur monacemebsac /megrul-lazuri da svanuris

92

CaTvliT/ da sxv. II. qarTvelTa dedaenisa da dialeqtebis kvleva Tanamedrove meTodologiiT; kerZod, arqauli Tu Tanamedrove teqstebis korpusis bazaze droulad Sesaqmnelia qarTveluri enobrivi samyaros obieqturi istoria, Sesaswavlia qarTuli samwignobro enis normirebis tendenciebi da, rac mTavaria, qarTveluri leqsika, romelic gaqrobis safrTxis winaSe dgas (aucilebelia, SemuSavdes saxelmwifos pragmatuli midgoma qarTvelTa kuTxuri/saSinao metyvelebebis gadasarCenad). qarTveluri leqsikis fondSi unda gamoiyos saerToqarTveluri (identuri, fonetikurad saxecvlili, dialeqturi) da nasesxebi erTeulebi. SesaZlebelia zanursvanuri erTianobis amsaxveli leqsikis gamoyofa (am mxriv seriozuli samuSaoebia Casatarebeli; zanur-svanuri dialeqturi Stos leqsikis arseboba ivaraudeba I-VIII saukuneebSi). unda momzaddes qarTuli samwignobro enisaTvis sarekomendacio dialeqturi leqsika, romelic Seamcirebs barbarizmebiT qarTuli enis damZimebas. lingvisturi qarTvelologiisadmi Tanamedrove moTxovnebi dRis wesrigSi ayenebs rogorc lingvistikis Tanamedrove miRwevebis Sesabamisi meTodologiis gamoyenebas, aseve: qarTuli enisa da qarTveluri qvesistemebis fonematuri struqturis sistemur analizs (da ara rogorc qarTveluri enebis monacemTa paralelur analizs); qarTuli samwignobro enisa da qarTveluri dialeqturi leqsikis erTian formobriv-semantikur sistemur analizs (samwignobro enisa da qarTveluri dialeqtebis erTiani teqstebis korpusis bazaze); - samwignobro enisa da qarTveluri dialeqturi morfologiur-sintaqsuri struqturebis sistemur analizs. qarTvelur ena-kiloTa statusisa Tu qarTveluri enobrivi samyaros realuri istoriis warmosaCenad arsebiTia Semdegi faqti: samwignobro enisa da qarTveluri qvesistemebis zmnis paradigma faqtobrivad erTgvarovania. moxsenebaSi warmovadgenT qarTuli samwignobro enisa da megrul-svanuri zmnis paradigmebs.

93

SuSana

futkaraZe

(baTumi. SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti)

eqvTime TayaiSvilis maspinZlebi istoriul taoSi saxelovani qarTveli sazogado moRvawe, istorikosi, arqeologi, wmindanad Seracxuli eqvTime TayaiSvili mTeli sicocxlis manZilze erTgulad emsaxureboda mamuls, naSromebSi acocxlebda saqarTvelos gmiruli istoriis furclebs. misi fiqri da ocneba Tanabrad wvdeboda saqarTvelos yvela kuTxes. Tumca upirveles sazrunavad dasaxuli hqonda qarTvelTa istoriuli samSoblos im miwa-wylis warsulis Seswavla, romelic 1578 wlidan moeqca osmaleTis imperiis sazRvrebSi. am mizniT misi xelmZRvanelobiT moewyo sami arqeologiuri eqspedicia 1902, 1907, 1917 wlebSi. e. TayaiSvilma safuZvlianad Seiswavla istoriuli taos (dRevandeli iusufelis, olTisis, kolas, artaanis raionebi) materialuri kulturis Zeglebis naSTebi. mecniers aRniSnul adgilebSi kvleviTi saqmianobis CatarebaSi exmarebodnen am mxareebis gamgeblebi. misi maspinZlebi iyvnen samSoblosaTvis Tavdadebuli gmiris - selim ximSiaSvilis Svilebi, SviliSvilebi da SvilTaSvilebi. mecnieris naSromebSi saxeliTa da gvariT naxsenebia mxolod ori maTgani - mama-Svili dursun da devriS ximSiaSvilebi. Turquli istoriuli wyaroebis moSveliebiT, gamoirkva misi kidev erTi maspinZlis vinaoba. igi iyo selim ximSiaSvilis SvilTaSvili - rostom beg ximSiaSvili, daba karnavazis muxTari, visTanac stumrobda didi mecnieri. e. TayaiSvils taoskarSi umaspinZla, agreTve, selim ximSiaSvilis rZalma, husein beg ximSiaSvilis meuRlem, as wels mitanebulma qalbatonma, romelic gvarad beriZe iyo, warmoSobiT sofel qaquTidan. naSromi eZRvneba didi qarTveli mecnieris - eqvTime TayaiSvilis dabadebidan 150 wlis iubiles.

94

SuSana futkaraZe, ramaz surmaniZe

rusTavelis universiteti)

(baTumi. SoTa saxelmwifo

loman-efendi qarcivaZe - didebuli qarTveli moRvawe, swavluli da eriskaci mecxramete saukunis bolo meoTxedis aWaris sazogadoebis mowinave nawilis TvalsaCino warmomadgeneli loman efendi qarcivaZe daibada 1812 wels zemo aWaris sofel oladaurSi soflis mamasaxlisis (muxTris) ali mehmedis Ze qarcivaZis ojaxSi. pirveldawyebiTi ganaTleba man mSobliur mxareSi, xulos sasuliero saswavlebelSi (medreseSi) miiRo, umaRlesi ganaTleba ki - sazRvargareT, osmaleTis imperiis cnobil qalaqebSi - kaisersa da stambolSi. osmaleTis saxelmwifo moxeleebis mier aWaraSi 1834 wels Catarebuli aRweris masalebSi 22 wlis lomani (numani) naxsenebia, rogorc kaiseris umaRlesi saswavleblis moswavle, molla (arab. Molla muslimanuri samarTlis doqtori). kaiseri (Zv. kesarea) kapadokiis mxareSi uZlieresi saganmanaTleblo kera iyo. anatoliis istoriaSi pirvelad aq, kaiserSi, moqmed CifTe medreseSi XIII saukuneSi Camoyalibda astronomiuli saswavlebeli, sadac, Teologiis garda, iswavleboda mecnierebis dargebi: maTematika, astronomia, geografia, anatomia, literaturaTmcodneoba, samarTalmcodneoba. swored am saxelganTqmul uZveles saswavlebelSi daewafa mecnierebis sxvadasxva dargs loman (numan) qarcivaZe Tavisi naTesavis, damaskos valis mehmed nejif faSis daxmarebiT (igi iyo Suaxevidan, sofel jumuSauridan siriaSi gadasaxlebuli muhajiris Svili); misi stambolSi sacxovreblad gadasvlis Semdeg loman efendim swavla ganagrZo stambolSi cnobil umaRles sasuliero saswavlebelSi - faTihis medreseSi. aqac male moixveWa saxeli Tavisi codniTa da ganaTlebiT. igi megobrobda mehmed nejif faSis SvilTan - mahmud nedim faSasTan, romelsac sulTnis samefo karze maRali Tanamdebobebi ekava. aseT ojaxTan siaxlove xels uwyobda loman efendis winsvlas sulTnis sasaxleSi. sazogadoebriv sarbielze dawinaurebaSi loman efendis daexmara agreTve XIX saukunis pirvel naxevarSi osmaleTis imperiaSi cnobili qalbatoni bezmi alem valide sulTani

95

(xalxis deda dedofali) SuSani TavdgiriZe. igi sulTan mahmud meoris (1808-1839) usayvarlesi meuRle da sulTan abdul mejidis (1839-1861) deda iyo. loman efendi qarcivaZes sulTnis samefo karze ekava erT-erTi mrCevlis Tanamdeboba; iyo ufliswulebis (momdevno sulTnebis: abdul mejidis, abdul azizis, abdul hamidis...) maswavlebeli, dolmabahCes sasaxlis biblioTekis gamge. aseTi warmatebuli cxovrebis miuxedavad, mas guli yovelTvis samSoblosaken mouwevda. 1877-1878 wlebis ruseT-osmaleTis omamde man miatova sulTnis sasaxle da aWaraSi dabrunda. igi sixaruliT Sexvda rus-qarTvelTa jaris Semosvlas aWaraSi da aWaris dabrunebas dedasamSoblosTan. loman efendi qarcivaZe TavdadebiT ibrZoda muhajirobis winaaRmdeg; man bevri qarTveli gadaarCina ucxoebaSi gaxizvnisagan. WeSmariti eriskacis mier am mxriv gaweuli Rvawli kargadaa asaxuli maSindel presaSi; gazeTebi: droeba, iveria, kavkazi, obzori, golosi mogviTxroben mis sazogadoebriv saqmianobaze. cnobil mamuliSvilebTan erTad igi miwveuli iyo ruseTis imperatoris aleqsandre mesamis mefed kurTxevis dResaswaulze peterburgSi 1881 wlis 2 marts. loman efendi qarcivaZis mecnierul saqmianobasa da ganaTlebis maRal doneze mogviTxrobs misgan danatovari mdidari biblioTeka, romlis Seswavla da loman efendis Rvawlis samSoblos winaSe warmoCena Cveni upirvelesi valia. am didi mamuliSvilis biografiisa da Semoqmedebis amsaxveli istoriuli wyaroebi qarTul enaze mcirea, osmaleTis arqivebSia saZiebeli. misi xsovna kargadaa Semonaxuli muhajiri qarTvelebis zepirsityvierebaSi. Cven yvelaferi unda gavakeToT, rom loman efendi qarcivaZe, es didi sazogado moRvawe, saamayo pirovneba iyos ara mxolod misi STamomavlebisaTvis (ilia qarcivaZe, iusticiis umcrosi mrCeveli fridon qarcivaZe, profesori jemal beriZe, profesori akaki beriZe, profesori tariel futkaraZe da sxv..), aramed mTeli saqarTvelosaTvis.

96

giga qamuSaZe (akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo qarTuli enis gavlenisaTvis Turqul dialeqtur metyvelebaze
(ianeTSi repatriirebulTa monacemebis mixedviT)

universiteti)

meore msoflio omis dros mesxeT-javaxeTidan gadasaxlebuli da Semdgom, 80-ian wlebSi, dabrunebuli mosaxleobis metyvelebis Seswavla uaRresad aqtualuria. repatriirebulTa metyvelebaSi droTa ganmavlobaSi ganviTarda saliteraturo Turqulisagan gansxvavebuli sintaqsuri konstruqciebi. es movlena damaxasiaTebelia periferiuli Turquli dialeqtebisaTvis. amave dros dialeqtSi SenarCunebulia TurqulisaTvis specifikuri sintaqsuri wyoba. repatriirebuli mosaxleobis metyvelebaSi Semonaxulia iseTi movlenebi, romlebic ar Cans qarTulsa da TurqulSi, an romelsac SeuZlia axleburad gagvaazrebinos adstratuli movlenebi. ianeTelTa Turquli metyvelebis Seswavla mniSvnelovania agreTve zogadenaTmecnieruli TvalsazrisiTac. igi Camoyalibebulia ramdenime sxvadasxva enis Serevis niadagze. amdenad, repatriirebulTa Turquli metyveleba `narev" enad SeiZleba miviCnioT. aseTad uwodeben repatriirebulni im enobriv erTeuls, romelzedac metyveleben (qarux dil `narevi ena). SevexebiT Semdegi tipis gavlenebs: 1. repatriirebulTa Turquli metyveleba sxva Turquli enebisa da dialeqtebisagan gamoirCeva saintereso fonetikur-fonologiuri movlenebiT. maT metyvelebaSi b, p, d, t, k Tanxmovnebi xSirad mkveTrdeba. mocemuli bgeraTgadasvla Sedegi unda iyos qarTvelebis warmoTqmaSi

97

`Turquli mJRerebisa da fSvinvierebis qarTulSi mkveTrad aRqmisaken saerTo midrekilebisa". 2. repatriirebulTa Turqul metyvelebaSi davadastureT (jerjerobiT) 70-mde qarTuli leqsikuri erTeuli. maTgan qarTuliseuli abruptivebi dasturdeba (ianeTelTa Turquli metyvelebis drosac SenarCundeba) Semdeg sityvebSi: pepela `pepela, pitna `pitna, panta `panta, ilo `tilo, mikal `mitkal, inkal `winwkal, intal `wintal, ilip `wilif, atx `waTx, unkal `wunkal, ia `Wia, iar `WiSkar, uul `WuWul... 3. rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis mawarmoebel elementebad warmodgenilia -ki `rom, mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxeli hangisi (ise) `romelic da sxva, romlebic damaxasiaTebeli ar aris Turquli saliteraturo enisa da dileqtebisaTvis: O gldi ki bu kompiyteri bize gturdi `is movida, vinc es kompiuteri mogvitana. Turquli winandadebis wyobis mixedviT ki iqneboda: bize bu bilgisayar getiren adam geldi. repatriirebulTa metyvelebaSi aseTi tipis winadadebebis arseboba qarTulis gavleniT unda iyos gamowveuli.

98

murad qasabi

(TurqeTi. saqarTvelosTan megobrobis asociacia)

osmaleTis imperiis qarTveli didvezirebi meTeqvsmete saukunis dasasrulidan osmaleTis imperiis sazRvrebSi moqceuli samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos mxareebis ZirZveli qarTuli mosaxleobis didkacobis erTi nawili imTaviTve iswrafoda sulTnis samefo karze dawinaurebisaTvis. osmaleTis generalur arqivSi daculi istoriuli wyaroebis mixedviT, Seswavlilia 18 qarTveli didveziris (Tanamedrove terminologiiT: osmaleTis imperiis premier-ministris) biografia. maTgan upirvelesia didveziri mehmed faSa. misi politikuri kariera sulTan selim meoris (1566-1574) zeobis dros daiwyo, roca igi mosamsaxured miiRes sulTnis sasaxleSi. selim meoris mefobis dros osmaleTis samefo karze didi avtoritetiT sargeblobda dedofali nurbanu sulTani, warmoSobiT qarTveli. zogierTi istoriuli wyaros mixedviT, igi kapadokieli qarTveli iyo. ganaTlebiTa da kulturiT gamorCeuli dedofali mwerlobasac misdevda. misi avtorobiT dawerili wigni diarbeqiri jerjerobiT araa mikvleuli. am qalbatonis wardginebiT unda momxdariyo axalgazrda mehmedis sulTnis sasaxleSi miwveva. qarTvelma Wabukma niWierebiT male gaiTqva saxeli da sazogadoebriv sarbielze dawinaurda nurbanu dedoflis vaJis sulTan murad mesamis (1574-1595) da misi STamomavlebis mefobis periodSi. mehmed faSa 70 wlis manZilze 9 sulTnis mmarTvelobis manZilze erTgulad emsaxureboda osmaleTs. misi moRvaweoba daiwyo sulTnis sasaxlis kariskacobidan. 1604 wels mas ukve ekava mesame veziris Tanamdeboda. 1617 wels gaxda meore veziri. 1622 wels ukve didveziria. wlebis manZilze igi iyo egviptis,

99

bosniis, damaskos, arzrumis, belgra-dis vali; orjer dainiSna stambolis kaimakamad (mmarTvelad). mehmed faSas moRvaweobis dros sulTnis sasaxlis karze dawinaurdnen misi axlo naTesavebi da megobrebi: Zma husein faSa, veziri halil faSa, abaza (afxazi) mehmed faSa. mehmed faSa Tavisi 70-wliani moRvaweobis periodSi sazogadoebas yovelTvis miaCnda Wkvian, windaxedul, saqmis mcodne, unarian organizatorad. man 1624 wels gaaswora osmaluri fulis yalibi, belgradSi aaSena saartilerio qarxana, aago salocavebi da Sadrevnebi. stambolis erT lamaz ubanSi mimarsinanSi mis mier gakeTebuli Sadrevnis warwera ukvdavyofs mehmed faSas saxels, Taobebs acnobs Rirseul pirovnebas: SarbaTiviT tkbili, ankara wyarosaviT uwyinari iyo; dabadebidan aqamde siyvaruliT movida. mehmed faSas moRvaweobiT warmoCenilia qarTuli jiSis, genis sidiade. aseTi adamianebis gacnoba yovel qarTvelSi zrdis erovnuli siamayis grZnobas; mehmed faSas avtoriteti TurqeTSi mcxovreb milionobiT qarTvelSi aZlierebs siyvarulsa da pativiscemas sakuTari qarTuli fesvebis mimarT.

100

marine qacarava (akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti) niko nikolaZis publicisturi nawerebis enisaTvis (1870-1877) 1. me-19 saukunis 60-70-iani wlebidan niko nikolaZis publicisturi werilebi mniSvnelovan rols asrulebda qarTuli sazogadoebrivi azris ganviTarebaSi. igi iTvleba qarTuli publicistikis TvalsaCino warmomadgenlad. 2. SromaSi enaTmecnieruli TvalsazrisiT ganxilulia is publicisturi werilebi, romlebic dabeWdilia `droebaSi, `krebulSi, `sasoflo-gazeTSi, `tfilisis moambeSi (1870-1877 ww.). 3. niko nikolaZem mogvca publicistis, publicistikis fundamenturi daniSnulebis daxasiaTeba (`pasuxi iakinTe yifians). 4. misi statiebi xasiaTdeba niSandoblivi leqsikiT, sityvawarmoebis saSualebebiT da sintaqsuri wyobiT. enobrivi saSualebebic SerCeulia publicisturi funqciuri daniSnulebiT. mis publicistikaSi Warbobs oficialuri korespondencia. 5. niko nikolaZis publicisturi nawerebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia mZlavri emociuroba. es mosalodnelic iyo. mas uxdeboda msjeloba qveynisaTvis metad saWirboroto sakiTxebze (`axali axalgazrdoba, `sasoflo meurneoba da glexTa sakiTxi, `sabanko saqme da a. S.). rasakvirvelia, am faqtmac ganapiroba gramatikuli formebis momarjvebis Taviseburebani. 6. niko nikolaZis werilebSi TvalSi sacemia dialeqtur formaTa simravle, rac gamowveulia mSobliuri dialeqtis zegavleniT (`ymawvilis mets vis eqoneba afarebuli am nairi saTvaleebi? `saukunoT bolo moeRo muqTaT mWamelebs). 7. publicistur nawerebSi rTuli da Serwymuli winadadebebis simravle aRiniSneba. mravalkomponentiani

101

rTuli winadadebebi damatebiT unars iZenen eqspresiis Sesaqmnelad. 8. niko nikolaZis publicisturi werilebisaTvis erTerTi damaxasiaTebeli niSania im terminologiis moxerxebulad gamoyeneba, romelic ama Tu im werilis Temas ukavSirdeba (axalma mecnierebam CvenSi marto cali fexiT Semoadga; is Semovida CvenSi marto Tavisi teqnikuri mxariT, Semovida rkinis gziT, telegrafiT, cecxlis gemiT da sxv.). 9. niko nikolaZis ramdenime statia ganixilavs zogierTi pirovnebis primitiul moqmedebas, sust msjelobas, aseT SemTxvevebSi mZlavrobs ironia. am dros gamoiyeneba gankerZoebuli sityvebi da gamoTqmebi, erTi da imave sityvis gameoreba. 10. niko nikolaZis brwyinvale publicisturma statiebma farTo popularoba moupova `droebas , `krebuls, `tfilisis moambes.

102

daviT

SavianiZe,

luiza
wereTlis universiteti)

xaWapuriZe

(akaki saxelmwifo

dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio enis sakiTxisaTvis VI-VII saukuneebSi VI-VII ss-Si herakle keisris Semosevebis Sedegad saqarTvelos dasavleTi provinciebi bizantielTa gavlenis qveS aRmoCnda. gamomdinare aqedan, mecnierTa erTi nawilis mier Catarebuli kvlevebiT VII saukuneSi dasavlurqarTuli eklesia berZnuli eparqiis SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda da, Sesabamisad, saeklesio enac berZnuli iyo. arsebobs gansxvavebuli azric egrisis samefoSi qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebidan (IV s.) saxelmwifo da RvTismsaxurebis enad qarTulis arsebobis Sesaxeb. specialur eTnologiur literaturaSi aRniSnulia, rom Sua saukuneebSi saqarTveloSi religia eTnikurobis ganmsazRvreli iyo. ismis kiTxva: Tu Sua saukuneebSi saeklesio-saRvTismetyvelo ena berZnuli iyo, maSin qarTvelTa eTnikurobac saeWvo xom araa? vfiqrobT, pasuxi calsaxad uaryofiTia. Tuki herebi, taoelebi, svanebi, egriselebi ar iyvnen qarTuli erovnuli identobis matarebelni, maS, ratom werda biWvinTeli qtitori VIII s-is taZarze:`aRuSene taZarsa amas caSdudarai, ratom qmnidnen tbeli himnografebi iseT sityvakazul qarTuls, rogoricaa`aiRvTissaxla, `aciskrisfera bneli, ratom SemorCa martvilis saxarebas aSiaze minaweri uneburi wamoZaxili: `vai, momemSia... aRniSnul sakiTxze kvlevisas Tuki gaviTvaliswinebT VIX saukuneebis saeklesio qarTuliT Seqmnil himnografiul, hagiografiul, liturgikul, epigrafikul Zeglebsa da sigel-gujrebs, aSkaraa, rom isini qarTvelTa enobriv da eTnikur erTianobaze miuTiTeben.

103

revaz Serozia

(zugdidis SoTa mesxias saxelmwifo universiteti)

qarTveluri etimologiuri masalisaTvis X 1. etimologiuri xasiaTis naSromebSi araiSviaTad megrul-lazuri (zanuri) Zir-fuZe imerul, gurul formad warmoidgineba (ix. qarTvelur enaTa etimologiuri leqsikoni, 2000). mizezi amisa martivia: rakiRa imeruli da guruli qarTuli enis dialeqtebia, bgeraTSesatyvisobis mixedviT maTi monacemebi megrullazuris Sesabamis masalas upirispirdeba. amdenad, e. w zanizmi da zanuri kvalificirdeba sxvadasxva enobriv odenobad... 2. etimologiuri masalisadmi msgavsi damokidebulebis nimuSebidan mcire nawils davasaxelebT: bandR-i = bondR-i `obobas qseli burs-al-i = burs-af-i gen-i = gan-//gen-//gin- `xbo zep-v-a = zap-u-a `cema karkac-i = korkoc-e rab-o = rob-o `xevi tax-un-i = tox-u-a `cema... Zir-fuZeebi damowmebulia `qarTvelur enaTa etimologiuri leqsikonis bolo (2000 w.) gamocemis mixedviT.

104

iza CantlaZe (arnold Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis

instituti)

empiriul monacemTa da arqiformaTa urTierTmimarTebisaTvis komparativistul qarTvelologiaSi mTavari kriteriumi, romliTac ase Tu ise myarad SeiZleba vimsjeloT fuZeenidan momdinare leqsemaTa Sesaxeb, gaxlavT regularul fonematur kanonzomierebaTa Cveneba geneturad erTmaneTTan dakavSirebul enebSi (Tumca arc morfologiuri an leqsikuri izoglosebi unda daviviwyoT). masala, romelic, qarTul-zanur-svanur SesatyvisobaTa gamo, preqarTvelur enaSicaa savaraudo, didi raodenobisa ar aris _ sul aTasiode fuZes asaxelebdnen specialistebi 1974 wlisTvis (b. foCxua); hainc fenrixisa da zurab sarjvelaZis `qarTvelur enaTa etimologiur leqsikonSi (2000) ganxilulia 1350-ze meti Zireuli da morfologiuri erTeulis arqetipi, xolo komparativistuli qarTvelologiis jerjerobiT bolo naSromSi (Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wrterbuch von Heinz Fhnrich, 2007), sadac warmodgenilia specialur literaturaSi adre arsebuli SedarebiT sando etimologiebi avtoriseul axal monacemebTan erTad, gvxvdeba 1700 erTeulze meti praforma. Cveni sakvlevi obieqtis mTavari maxasiaTebelia qronologiis `didi siRrme da Sesabamisi masalis obieqturi simwire (a. arabuli), rac Zalian arTulebs saenaTmecniero saqmianobas. Cvenamde qarTvelur enaTa arc erT dialeqts Tavdapirveli saxiT ar mouRwevia: `xangrZlivma saerTo istoriulma cxovrebam da arsebobam saerTo enac da mwerlobac Sehqmnes, raSic yvela qarTveluri tomebi sxvadasxva dros da erTdrouladac sxvadasxva monawileobas iRebdnen; TviTeuls Tavisi wvlili aqvs Setanili am saerTo saunjeSi. amgvarad Sesdga erTi sazogado samwerlo-saliteraturo da saxelmwifo ena. `qarTuli~, viTarca saerTo samwerlobo ena, xelovnuri enaa da amitom aris, rom mas bevri ram aqvs, rac megrul-Wanur-svanur-afxazuridan aris daunjebuli. yvelafers, rac qarTulSia, mTlad qarTebis, mesxTa da

105

iberTa ena-kavebis kuTvnilebad ver vicnobT. roca Seiqmna sazogado ena - qarTuli, manac, Tavis mxriv, iqonia da hqonda xolme mudam ganuwyveteli gavlena megrul-Wanursvanur-afxazurze (iv. javaxiSvili). ZiriTadi leqsikuri fondi (naTesaobis aRmniSvneli sityvebi, sxeulis nawilebis, cxovelTa, frinvelTa da mcenareTa saxelwodebani, bunebis ZiriTadi movlenebis, qarTveli xalxis materialuri Tu sulieri kulturis Sesabamisi leqsemebi, nacvalsaxelebi, ricxviTi saxelebi, adamianis, frinvelisa Tu cxovelis saarsebo yofasTan dakavSirebuli zmnebi...) yvela qarTvelur enaSi, rasakvirvelia, dRemde identuria an fonematuri SesatyvisebiTaa warmodgenili, xolo danarCeni leqsika, TavisTavad cxadia, nasesxebia ucxo enaTagan sxvadasxva dros, zogi imdenad arqaul warsulSi, rom garkveuli kanonzomierebiTac kia Sepirobebuli. `advili srulebiTac ar aris nasesxeb sityvaTa gamoyofa, metadre, Tu sityva Zvelad aris SeTvisebuli. aseTi sityvebi imdenad Seeguebian xolme axal enobriv garemos, ise icvlian xSirad fers, rom istoriuli Ziebis gareSe maTi sadaurobis garkveva SeuZlebelia. laT. skala (`kibe) WanurSi m-sqala //f-skala-s saxiT gvaqvs, gurulSi ki mas pwkala-s saxe miuRia, marTal qarTul sityvad gamoiyureba: pwk!.. (xazi Cvenia _ i. C.)... zogjer aseTi `ucxoelis gamocnoba TiTqmis SeuZlebeli xdeba; magram es ar aris didi ubedureba: S e d a r e b a TviTmizani ki ar a r i s, aramed enis istoriis gasarkvevi damxmare s a S u a l e b a. am funqcias nasesxebi masalac iseve Seasrulebs, rogorc sakuTari sityva (arn. Ciqobava). qarTvelologiis, rogorc erT-erTi lingvisturi disciplinis, maRalmecnierul safexurze ayvanisaTvis sakmarisi ar aris mxolod komparativistuli kvlevebis saerTaSoriso done. upirveles yovlisa, aucilebelia amomwuravi empiriuli masala. ukanasknel wlebSi saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnulma akademiam misi prezidentis akademikos Tamaz gamyreliZis xelmZRvanelobiT udides saqmes Cauyara safuZveli - mimdinareobs qarTuli enis Tezaurusis Sedgena V saukunidan dRemde arsebuli teqstebis mixedviT. igive unda gakeTdes yvela qarTveluri enis dialeqtebisa Tu kilokavebis maqsimalurad srul monacemTa gasaTvaliswineblad. rasakvirvelia, praenisTvis savaraudo arqiformaTa

106

rekonstruqciebi, upirveles yovlisa, maRali Teoriuli azrovnebis maCvenebelia, magram romelime maTganze msjelobisas erTi sailustracio faqtic rom dagvrCes yuradRebis miRma, maSin, raRa Tqma unda, pozitiur Sedegebs veRar miviRebT. ase magaliTad: Tavis droze (1936) niko marma erTmaneTs Seupirispira qarTuli Rrma, Rrm-ul-i da lazuri Rorma (`xvreli, farTo naxvreti~), SemdgomSi (1984-2007) hainc fenrixma am monacemebs daumata megruli rRoma (`CaRrmavebuli adgili) < Rorma. kargi iqneboda, gaxsenebodaT svanuri (laSxuri, Coluruli) ma-Rur-Ruc, Rur-Ruc (`Rrma wyali, morevi) leqsemebi, romlebic qarTuli enis leCxumur dialeqtSic gvxvdeba (Sdr. Rur-Ruc-i, Rur-Rum-i, Rur-Rumel-i/Rur-Rum-al-i, Ru-Runc-i); maSasadame, zanur-svanur ZirTa interkonsonantur poziciebSi -o- da -u- gvaqvs (amosavali a unda yofiliyo svanurSic: *Rarm-a > *Rarm > *Ram > Rum; misi analogiiT ki, albaT, *Rarm-a > *Rarm > Rurm > Rur; sufiqsis dakargvis sakompensaciod Ziriseuli xmovani ar dagrZelebula). bunebrivia, qarTulSi, kanonzomier fonemaTSesatyvisobaTa sakmaod mkacri, zusti da mowesrigebuli wesebis gaTvaliswinebiT, unda movelodeT -axmovans. samwuxarod, Tavis droze aseTi masala ver SeniSnes da zogi Teoriis mixedviT zanurisTvis damaxasiaTebeli srulxmovnobis procesi aRmoCnda gadamwyveti (arn. Ciqobava, 1942), sxva SemTxvevaSi ki mTavaria r sonantis vokalizacia interkonsonantur poziciaSi (T. gamyreliZe, g. maWavariani, 1965). arada, Tu toponimiis - `dedamiwis enis monacemebs gaviTvaliswinebT, aRmoCndeba, rom arc erTi zemoaRniSnuli varaudis daSveba aucilebeli ar iyo: maRalmTian aWaraSi, sofel dabaZvelSi, erT-erT hidronims ewodeba Raram-Rel-e (beriZe 1986), Sdr. iqve, sofel oladaurSi, nakadulis saxelwodeba Rrm-a-Rel-e. mavani ifiqrebs, iqneb Raram-Si Turqul xmovanTa sinharmonizmis asaxvaao, magram ara gvgonia; es Ziri xom saerToqarTveluri monacemia, im droisTvis ki enaTa amgvari gavlenebi istoriulad gamoricxulia. Tu Zveli qarTulis Rrm-i-ad (`Rrmad~) da Rrm-i-ad-i (`Rrma, Zneli) formebsac gaviTvaliswinebT, maSin auslautiseuli -a, albaT, sufiqsad CaiTvleba, romlis metaTezisma mogvca Raram (<*Rarm-a); magram, Tu megruli rRomadan

107

amovalT, maSin mosalodnelia, rom qarTulSi -am fuZis Tematur monacemad CavTvaloT, romlis kanonzomieri fonematuri Sesatyvisi iqneboda megruli -om-. arc isaa gamoricxuli, rom qarTuli Rr-am-i, Rr-m-ul-i ukavSirdebodes xr-amsac (Sdr. Rram/i - `sigrZe usivrco - saba; Rram `Rrmuli, uwylo xrami - Coluruli svanuri).rac Seexeba leCxumur-svanur Rum- Zirs, aq mTavaria -a (< -am) xmovnis asimilaciis procesi momdevno labialur TanxmovanTan. fSaur, moxeur Tu qiziyur Rrum-a (Sdr. svanur-leCxumuri)// Rrima aningilour Rrm // > Rrim monacemebSi gadamwyvet rols TamaSobs fonetika (asimilaciis procesi da anaptiqsuri xmovani a > u > > i) - fonologia (umlauti: *Rrum+i > Rrm > *Rrim > Rrim). dRes SedarebiT ukeTesi viTarebaa komparativistul qarTvelologiaSi warmatebebis misaRwevad ara marto saqarTveloSi, aramed mis farglebs gareTac. garda imisa, rom gvaqvs velze muSaobis didi gamocdileba Cvens mowafeebTan erTad, Zalze gvexmareba digitalizebuli eleqtronikis sxvadasxva meTodi Tu xerxi, enakiloTa interferenciis pirobebSi rac SeiZleba swrafad aRvnusxoT da davamuSaoT Cveni erovnuli saunje. amJamad ukve arsebosbs didebul akademiur leqsikonTa publikaciebi rogorc svanurSi (varlam Tofuria, maqsime qaldani), ise megrulsa (oTar qajaia) da lazurSi (irine asaTiani). hainc fenrixis yuradReba miiqcia arnold Ciqobavas (1938) da gerhardt deetersis (1926) erTma dakavSirebam. esaa qarTuli berwk-/brwy- (na-perwk-al-i, brwy-in-v-a), megruli rwk- (rwk-i-na/rwk-in-u-a/rwk-in-ap-i) da lazuri pi{n}wk- (nopi{n}wk-al-e). giorgi klimovma (1964) svanur na-berwySi (`naperwkali) gamovlenili berwy-is mixedviT SesaZleblad miiCnia, rom saanalizo monacemi aRdgeniliyo saerToqarTveluri donisTvis, magram hainc fenrixma da zurab sarjvelaZem misi qarTulidan nasesxoba ivaraudes da qarTvelur enaTa etimologiuri leqsikonis yvela gamocemaSi *berwy-/brwy- arqetipi aRdgenilia mxolod qarTul-zanuri erTianobis epoqisTvis, oRond gaugebari iyo, ratom miaCndaT berwy svanurSi izolirebul leqsemad miT ufro, rom uSgulur kilokavSi besarion niJaraZes dadasturebuli hqonda ara naberwy an berwy, aramed nabrwyal (b. niJaraZe, 2007), Sdr. Zv. qarT. naberwyali / naperwkali. ma-

108

Sasadame, WeSmaritebasTan axlos idga varaudi imis Sesaxeb, rom svanuri berwy nasesxebi unda yofiliyo qarTulidan manam, sanam igi gardaiqmneboda perwkad (h. fenrixi, z. sarjvelaZe). hainc fenrixi 2003-2007 wlebSi kvlav ubrundeba am Zirs, sailustracio masalebs umatebs Colurul librWy-al-es (`brwyinva) da fuZeenis doneze SesaZleblad miiCnevs wy-/wk- dubleturi bgeraTkompleqsis arsebobasac (mosalodnelia, li-brWy-al-i nasesxebic iyos, Sdr. qarTuli brWyv-ial-i an onomatopoeturi leqsikis specifikiT Sepirobebuli monacemi). igive SeiZleboda gveTqva gurul-aWaruli mat-at-a/matat-i (`enatania, ybedi")-s Sesaxebac. Cven is mat- (`meti, zedmeti, namati")Zirisgan momdinare gvgonia, winaaRmdeg akaki da merab beriZeebis mosazrebisa (2000 w; 2010 w.), romlis mixedviTac, amosavali Cans berZnuli anTroponimi (t). orive profesori (erTi eqimi da meore lingvisti) erTmaneTisgan damoukideblad mividnen am daskvnamde, amitom, albaT, maTi azricaa gasaTvaliswinebeli, Tumca maT rom aRenusxaT yvela qarTvelur enaSi istoriulad da dRemde dadasturebuli Sesabamisi monacemi, maSin SesaZloa meti Tanxvedra gvqonoda... qarTvelur enaTa istoriul-SedarebiTi kvleva unda warimarTos sami ZiriTadi monacemis mixedviT: 1. fuZeenis diferencirebis Sedegad miRebul regularul fonetikur kanonzomierebaTa amsaxveli qarTveluri leqsika; 2. sxva enaTagan fuZeenis an qarTul-zanuri erTianobis epoqisTvis nasesxebi masala, romelic erT-erT qarTvelur enaSi mainc iZleva fonemaTSesatyvisobas; 3. fuZeenidan momdinare ZiriTadi leqsikuri fondis sityvaTa Zirebi, romlebic yvela qarTvelur enaSi warmodgenilia ucvleli saxiT da arsad moipoveba aranairi fonemaTSesatyvisoba (mag. qarT. fol-i, megr. fol-o, svan. fol `Cliqi, laz. fol-o `fexi), Tumca dasaSvebia ramdenadme gansxvavebuli semantikuri niuansebi. yvelaze arqauli Cans Zvel qarTul werilobiT ZeglebSi (ukidures SemTxvevaSi sulxan-saba orbelianis leqsikonSi mainc!) dadasturebul monacemebTan Sepirispirebuli svanuri da megrul-lazuri ekvivalentebi.

109

ukideganoa fonetikuri procesebi Tu leqsemaTa semantikuri niuansebi umwerlobo enaTa dialeqtebSi, Tumca, raki yvela ena qmnis garkveul sistemas, Cvens SemTxvevebSic SeiniSneba Sesabamisi kanonzomierebani, rasac ara mxolod lingvistikisTvis aqvs mniSvneloba. amitomac unda vecadoT, ar gamogvrCes interdisciplinaruli TvalsazrisiT saintereso fuZeebi qarTvelur enaTa istoriul-SedarebiTi kvlevebis dros, radganac `enaTmecnierebis yvelaze arsebiTi miRwevebi enis istorias ukavSirdeba (arn. Ciqobava).

110

mzia xaxutaiSvili (baTumis rusTavelis saxelmwifo

universiteti)

dedabruli xeliTSesrulebuli avgarozi xeliT weril ganZTagan mniSvnelovania dedabruli

xeliT Sesrulebuli xelnawerebi. dedabruli xeliT weris aucilebloba Seapiroba im istoriulma realobam, romelic osmalTa batonobam moitana aWaraSi. sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom qalis xeliT gadawerili xelnawerebi cotaa SemorCenili, radgan kaligrafia istoriulad mamakacis profesia iyo. dedabruli xeliT Sesrulebul xelnawerTa kvlevam bevri saintereso daskvnis saSualeba mogvca. bolo dros qobuleTSi aRmoCnda dedabruli xeliT Sesrulebuli xelnaweri. igi unikaluria. xelnaweris teqsti avgarozia, rasac Tavad teqsti adasturebs (...winaSe TvalTa misTa es ebistole angarozi iaxlos zecisa da qveynisa da misa xatovanebiTa evliasiTa). damwerlobis es saxe, muxedavad mxedrulTan msgavsebisa, grafikuli maxasiaTeblebis, misi saidumloebis principebis TaviseburebebiT gansxvavebuli, TavisTavadi da garkveulwilad originaluri damwerlobis nimuSi aRmoCnda. axlad aRmoCenilma xelnawerma kidev erTxel daadastura dedabruli xeliT weris tradicia qobuleT-aWaraSi. avgarozSi Cans wminda giorgis usazRvro Tayvaniscema. xelnawerSi CamoTvlilia imereTis, guriisa da qobuleTqvemo aWaris wminda giorgis salocavebi. zogi maTganis kvalic ki aRaraa dRes SemorCenili. amdenad, xelnawerSi arsebuli cnoba metad Rirebulia istorikosebisaTvis. avgarozis teqsti saxarebis fragmentebiTa da qristianuli elementebiT aris gajerebuli, aseve masSi locvebi da Selocvebia. xelnawerSi Selocvebis unikaluri teqstebia

111

warmodgenili. teqstSi sxvadasxva tipis samkurnalo (locva salmobisa satkivarisa civebisa, xurvebisa, medgarisa, texisa, suravandisa... yovelisa avadobisagan, avatyofobi-sagan, moCuvenebisagan) da sameurneo Selocvaa (wmindiTa damca daicve saxelisi yana, vaenaxi(sic) nayofiercmc ars mxTis ZaliTa mamisa, ZisaTa, suliTsa wmiTadsa). xelnawerSi dadastu-rebul Selocvebs axasiaTebs mtkice kompoziciuri sqemebi. qobuleTSi napovni xelnaweri grafikuli TaviseburebebiT hgavs dedabruli xeliT Sesrulebul sxva xelnawerebs. aRniSnuli tipis xelnawerTa kvlevam kidev erTxel naTlad gviCvena, rom dedabruli damwerlobis grafikul niSanTa Sedgena-SeTxzvisas safuZvlad mxedrulia aRebuli. igi mxedruli anbanis modifikaciis Sedegad miRebuli sakmaod originaluri damwerlobaa. dedabruli xeliT Sesrulebul xelnawerebSi met-naklebi principulobiT dasturdeba ametoba (winasawar-metyvelobiTa; daRisa Sina), imetoba (wimindisaTa; me wiyali var; eSimaki.) da umetoba. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom umetoba qobuleTis xelnawerSi dasturdeba iSviaTad TanxmovanT-gasayarad: macuduri; mucelusa Sensa; miqaelgabrielusa. u erTgan bgeris refleqsia: maunebeli; unaxe; mousWriT; Sausa; Tausa da pirsa; macxourebisa. xelnawerSi dadasturebulia Zveli qarTuli leqsikuri erTeulebi da gramatikuli formebi: cxro da xurveba; Setyuvili; dadnis; xmayo; ganixsnebis yoveli naskni da aRixoceni, dialeqturi leqsika: miewien alsa; visicu saxlSi iyos, iqinai; deicevi da Seibrale.

112

ramaz

xaWapuriZe

(akaki wereTlis universiteti)

saxelmwifo

bibliuri siuJetebi okribis Temis masalebis mixediT biblia universaluri qmnilebaa; igi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi gavlenas axdenda kacobriobis azrovnebaze. bibliis prozauli gadmocemebi zepiri gziT gavrcelda msoflios sxvadasxva eris zepirsityvierebaSi. moxsenebaSi gavaanalizebT Cven mier imereTis regionSi, kerZod, okribis TemSi am mxriv mopovebul masalas, kerZod, ganvixilavT gadmocemebs qveynisa da adamianis gaCenis, warRvnisa da noes kidobnis, sikvdilis warmoSobis, ieso qristes dabadebi, mariam megviptelis... Sesaxeb. Cven mier Cawerili masala xSirad ar emTxveva bibliaSi asaxuls. zogi siuJeti Seesabameba bibliur motivebs, zogi ki mTlianad xalxis fantaziis nayofia.

113

finansurad uzrunvelyo akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universitetis reqtoratma

`quTaisuri saubrebi XIII

saerTaSoriso konferencia

simpoziumis masalebi gamosacemad moamzades: eka dadianma, lili lomTaZem.

114