Topic 4 UN Security Council & Singapore

SINGAPORE LEGAL SYSTEM 2009 PART ONE. INTERNATIONAL LAW AND SINGAPORE LAW Topic 4.
Singapore and the UN Security Council

.A Study Guide. .B United Nations Charter Provisions .C UN Security Council Resolutions on Terrorism 2 3 5
.1 UNSCR 1373 of 28 September 2001 on Threats to International Security caused by Terrorist Acts....................................................5 .2 Security Council Resolution 1390 of 16 January 2002 on the Situation in Afghanistan .................................................................................8
.D Singapore Implementation of UN Security Council Resolutions on Terrorism

.1 .2 .3 .4
10
Ministers Statement on the United Nations Bill, 2001.....................10 United Nations Act 2001 (Cap 339)..................................................11 United Nations (Anti-Terrorism Measures) Regulations 2001...........13 Report to the Counter-Terrorism Committee on Singapore's Implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1373 (2001)............................................................................................ 17 .5 Singapore Legislation implementing UN Counter-Terrorism Conventions...................................................................................30
.E Security Council Actions on North Korea
33
.1 UN Security Council Resolution 1718 (2006) on North Korea...........33 .2 UN Security Council Resolution 1874 (2009) on North Korea ..........36 .3 MPA Shpping Circular No. 24 of 2006 of 30 October 2006 on UN Security Council Sanctions Against DPR Korea..............................41
All Rights Reserved Robert Beckman 2009 These materials are for the sole use of students in the NUS Faculty of Law. They are not to copied or circulated without the express written permission of the author.
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 2
.A STUDY GUIDE.
The United Nations attempted for many years to reach agreement on a general definition of terrorism. It was argued by some that acts of terrorism involve the intentional killing or destruction of property for the purpose of instilling terror or fear in the general population or for the purpose of compelling a government to do or refrain from doing a particular act. However, some States were not able to agree to such a general definition because it would apply to situations where people were using arms or explosives to end colonial or alien domination. For this reason, the United Nations decided to identify particular terrorist acts which all States could agree should be punished (hijacking of aircraft or ships, terrorist bombings, etc.), and it developed conventions making those particular acts offences among contracting parties. These conventions, such as the terrorist bombings convention, do not require a terrorist purpose or motive. States parties simply agree that they will cooperate to ensure that such acts are punished, notwithstanding their motive or purpose. First, , you should examine the powers of the Security Council under Chapter VII of the UN Charter and the actions taken by the UN Security Council in one of the areas which they have determined constitute a threat to international peace and security terrorism. First examine UNSC Resolution 1373 on Terrorism which was adopted shortly after the attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. What is the purpose of this resolution? Does it define what it means by terrorist act? Which paragraphs are decisions of the Security Council that are legally binding under Article 25? Which paragraphs are merely recommendatory? Next, examine UNSCR 1390 in the same manner. What is its object and purpose? What legal obligations does it impose on members of the United Nations? Next, examine the United Nations Bill. What was its object and purpose? Why was it necessary to enact this legislation? Next, examine the United Nations (Anti-Terrorism Measures) Regulations 2001. Why were these regulations issued? Note that the regulations include a definition of a terrorist act. Where did this definition come from? Is it contained in either UNSCR 1373 or UNSCR 1390? Under definition in the regulations, must there be a terrorist motive before there can be a terrorist act? Are there extraterritorial provisions in the regulations? If so, do they apply only to Singaporeans or do they also apply to foreign nationals? Are these provisions consistent with the principles of criminal jurisdiction under international law?
Singapore Legal System 2009 Law
Part One. International Law & Singapore
.B UNITED NATIONS CHARTER PROVISIONS

CHAPTER I. PURPOSES AND PRINCIPLES Article 1 The Purposes of the United Nations are: 1. To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace; 2. To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace; 3. To achieve international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion; and 4. To be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends. Article 2 The Organization and its Members, in pursuit of the Purposes stated in Article 1, shall act in accordance with the following Principles. 1. The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members. 2. All Members, in order to ensure to all of them the rights and benefits resulting from membership, shall fulfill in good faith the obligations assumed by them in accordance with the present Charter. 3. All Members shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security, and justice, are not endangered. 4. All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations. 5. All Members shall give the United Nations every assistance in any action it takes in accordance with the present Charter, and shall refrain from giving assistance to any state against which the United Nations is taking preventive or enforcement action. 6. The Organization shall ensure that states which are not Members of the United Nations act in accordance with these Principles so far as may be necessary for the maintenance of international peace and security. 7. Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state or shall require the Members to submit such matters to settlement under the present Charter; but this principle shall not prejudice the application of enforcement measures under Chapter VII.
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 4 CHAPTER V. THE SECURITY COUNCIL Article 24 1. In order to ensure prompt and effective action by the United Nations, its Members confer on the Security Council primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, and agree that in carrying out its duties under this responsibility the Security Council acts on their behalf. 2. In discharging these duties the Security Council shall act in accordance with the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations. The specific powers granted to the Security Council for the discharge of these duties are laid down in Chapters VI, VII, VIII, and XII. 3. The Security Council shall submit annual and, when necessary, special reports to the General Assembly for its consideration. Article 25 The Members of the United Nations agree to accept and carry out the decisions of the Security Council in accordance with the present Charter. Article 27 1. Each member of the Security Council shall have one vote. 2. Decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members. 3. Decisions of the Security Council on all other matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members including the concurring votes of the permanent members; provided that, in decisions under Chapter VI, and under paragraph 3 of Article 52, a party to a dispute shall abstain from voting. CHAPTER VII. ACTION WITH RESPECT TO THREATS TO THE PEACE, BREACHES OF THE PEACE, AND ACTS OF AGGRESSION Article 39 The Security Council shall determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression and shall make recommendations, or decide what measures shall be taken in accordance with Articles 41 and 42, to maintain or restore international peace and security. Article 40 In order to prevent an aggravation of the situation, the Security Council may, before making the recommendations or deciding upon the measures provided for in Article 39, call upon the parties concerned to comply with such provisional measures as it deems necessary or desirable. Such provisional measures shall be without prejudice to the rights, claims, or position of the parties concerned. The Security Council shall duly take account of failure to comply with such provisional measures. Article 41 The Security Council may decide what measures not involving the use of armed force are to be employed to give effect to its decisions, and it may call upon the Members of the United Nations to apply such measures. These may include complete or partial interruption of economic relations and of rail, sea, air, postal, telegraphic, radio, and other means of communication, and the severance of diplomatic relations.
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 5 Article 42 Should the Security Council consider that measures provided for in Article 41 would be inadequate or have proved to be inadequate, it may take such action by air, sea, or land forces as may be necessary to maintain or restore international peace and security. Such action may include demonstrations, blockade, and other operations by air, sea, or land forces of Members of the United Nations. Article 51 Nothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent right of individual or collective selfdefense if an armed attack occurs against a Member of the United Nations, until the Security Council has taken measures necessary to maintain international peace and security. Measures taken by Members in the exercise of this right of self-defense shall be immediately reported to the Security Council and shall not in any way affect the authority and responsibility of the Security Council under the present Charter to take at any time such action as it deems necessary in order to maintain or restore international peace and security. CHAPTER XVI. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS Article 102 1. Every treaty and every international agreement entered into by any Member of the United Nations after the present Charter comes into force shall as soon as possible be registered with the Secretariat and published by it. 2. No party to any such treaty or international agreement which has not been registered in accordance with the provisions of paragraph I of this Article may invoke that treaty or agreement before any organ of the United Nations. Article 103 In the event of a conflict between the obligations of the Members of the United Nations under the present Charter and their obligations under any other international agreement, their obligations under the present Charter shall prevail. Article 104 The Organization shall enjoy in the territory of each of its Members such legal capacity as may be necessary for the exercise of its functions and the fulfillment of its purposes.
.C UN SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTIONS ON TERRORISM .1 UNSCR 1373 OF 28 SEPTEMBER 2001 ON THREATS INTERNATIONAL SECURITY CAUSED BY TERRORIST ACTS
The Security Council, Reaffirming its resolutions 1269 (1999) of 19 October 1999 and 1368 (2001) of 12 September 2001, Reaffirming also its unequivocal condemnation of the terrorist attacks which took place in New York, Washington, D.C., and Pennsylvania on 11 September 2001, and expressing its determination to prevent all such acts, Reaffirming further that such acts, like any act of international terrorism, constitute a threat to international peace and security, Singapore Legal System 2009 Law Part One. International Law & Singapore
TO
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 6 Reaffirming the inherent right of individual or collective self-defence as recognized by the Charter of the United Nations as reiterated in resolution 1368 (2001), Reaffirming the need to combat by all means, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, threats to international peace and security caused by terrorist acts, Deeply concerned by the increase, in various regions of the world, of acts of terrorism motivated by intolerance or extremism, Calling on States to work together urgently to prevent and suppress terrorist acts, including through increased cooperation and full implementation of the relevant international conventions relating to terrorism, Recognizing the need for States to complement international cooperation by taking additional measures to prevent and suppress, in their territories through all lawful means, the financing and preparation of any acts of terrorism, Reaffirming the principle established by the General Assembly in its declaration of October 1970 (resolution 2625 (XXV)) and reiterated by the Security Council in its resolution 1189 (1998) of 13 August 1998, namely that every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating, assisting or participating in terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts, Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, 1. Decides that all States shall: (a) Prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts; (b) Criminalize the wilful provision or collection, by any means, directly or indirectly, of funds by their nationals or in their territories with the intention that the funds should be used, or in the knowledge that they are to be used, in order to carry out terrorist acts; (c) Freeze without delay funds and other financial assets or economic resources of persons who commit, or attempt to commit, terrorist acts or participate in or facilitate the commission of terrorist acts; of entities owned or controlled directly or indirectly by such persons; and of persons and entities acting on behalf of, or at the direction of such persons and entities, including funds derived or generated from property owned or controlled directly or indirectly by such persons and associated persons and entities; (d) Prohibit their nationals or any persons and entities within their territories from making any funds, financial assets or economic resources or financial or other related services available, directly or indirectly, for the benefit of persons who commit or attempt to commit or facilitate or participate in the commission of terrorist acts, of entities owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such persons and of persons and entities acting on behalf of or at the direction of such persons; 2. Decides also that all States shall: (a) Refrain from providing any form of support, active or passive, to entities or persons involved in terrorist acts, including by suppressing recruitment of members of terrorist groups and eliminating the supply of weapons to terrorists; (b) Take the necessary steps to prevent the commission of terrorist acts, including by provision of early warning to other States by exchange of information; (c) Deny safe haven to those who finance, plan, support, or commit terrorist acts, or provide safe havens;
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 7 (d) Prevent those who finance, plan, facilitate or commit terrorist acts from using their respective territories for those purposes against other States or their citizens; (e) Ensure that any person who participates in the financing, planning, preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or in supporting terrorist acts is brought to justice and ensure that, in addition to any other measures against them, such terrorist acts are established as serious criminal offences in domestic laws and regulations and that the punishment duly reflects the seriousness of such terrorist acts; (f) Afford one another the greatest measure of assistance in connection with criminal investigations or criminal proceedings relating to the financing or support of terrorist acts, including assistance in obtaining evidence in their possession necessary for the proceedings; (g) Prevent the movement of terrorists or terrorist groups by effective border controls and controls on issuance of identity papers and travel documents, and through measures for preventing counterfeiting, forgery or fraudulent use of identity papers and travel documents; 3. Calls upon all States to: (a) Find ways of intensifying and accelerating the exchange of operational information, especially regarding actions or movements of terrorist persons or networks; forged or falsified travel documents; traffic in arms, explosives or sensitive materials; use of communications technologies by terrorist groups; and the threat posed by the possession of weapons of mass destruction by terrorist groups; (b) Exchange information in accordance with international and domestic law and cooperate on administrative and judicial matters to prevent the commission of terrorist acts; (c) Cooperate, particularly through bilateral and multilateral arrangements and agreements, to prevent and suppress terrorist attacks and take action against perpetrators of such acts; (d) Become parties as soon as possible to the relevant international conventions and protocols relating to terrorism, including the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism of 9 December 1999; (e) Increase cooperation and fully implement the relevant international conventions and protocols relating to terrorism and Security Council resolutions 1269 (1999) and 1368 (2001); (f) Take appropriate measures in conformity with the relevant provisions of national and international law, including international standards of human rights, before granting refugee status, for the purpose of ensuring that the asylum seeker has not planned, facilitated or participated in the commission of terrorist acts; (g) Ensure, in conformity with international law, that refugee status is not abused by the perpetrators, organizers or facilitators of terrorist acts, and that claims of political motivation are not recognized as grounds for refusing requests for the extradition of alleged terrorists; 4. Notes with concern the close connection between international terrorism and transnational organized crime, illicit drugs, money-laundering, illegal arms-trafficking, and illegal movement of nuclear, chemical, biological and other potentially deadly materials, and in this regard emphasizes the need to enhance coordination of efforts on national, subregional, regional and international levels in order to strengthen a global response to this serious challenge and threat to international security;
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 8 5. Declares that acts, methods, and practices of terrorism are contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations and that knowingly financing, planning and inciting terrorist acts are also contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations; 6. Decides to establish, in accordance with rule 28 of its provisional rules of procedure, a Committee of the Security Council, consisting of all the members of the Council, to monitor implementation of this resolution, with the assistance of appropriate expertise, and calls upon all States to report to the Committee, no later than 90 days from the date of adoption of this resolution and thereafter according to a timetable to be proposed by the Committee, on the steps they have taken to implement this resolution; 7. Directs the Committee to delineate its tasks, submit a work programme within 30 days of the adoption of this resolution, and to consider the support it requires, in consultation with the Secretary-General; 8. Expresses its determination to take all necessary steps in order to ensure the full implementation of this resolution, in accordance with its responsibilities under the Charter; 9. Decides to remain seized of this matter.
.2 SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1390 OF 16 JANUARY 2002 ON THE SITUATION IN AFGHANISTAN

The Security Council, Recalling its resolutions 1267 (1999) of 15 October 1999, 1333 (2000) of 19 December 2000 and 1363 (2001) of 30 July 2001, Reaffirming its previous resolutions on Afghanistan, in particular resolutions 1378 (2001) of 14 November 2001 and 1383 (2001) of 6 December 2001, Reaffirming also its resolutions 1368 (2001) of 12 September 2001 and 1373 (2001) of 28 September 2001, and reiterating its support for international efforts to root out terrorism, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, Reaffirming its unequivocal condemnation of the terrorist attacks which took place in New York, Washington and Pennsylvania on 11 September 2001, expressing its determination to prevent all such acts, noting the continued activities of Usama bin Laden and the Al-Qaida network in supporting international terrorism, and expressing its determination to root out this network, Noting the indictments of Usama bin Laden and his associates by the United States of America for, inter alia, the 7 August 1998 bombings of the United States embassies in Nairobi, Kenya and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Determining that the Taliban have failed to respond to the demands in paragraph 13 of resolution 1214 (1998) of 8 December 1998, paragraph 2 of resolution 1267 (1999) and paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of resolution 1333 (2000), Condemning the Taliban for allowing Afghanistan to be used as a base for terrorists training and activities, including the export of terrorism by the Al-Qaida network and other terrorist groups as well as for using foreign mercenaries in hostile actions in the territory of Afghanistan, Condemning the Al-Qaida network and other associated terrorist groups, for the multiple criminal, terrorist acts, aimed at causing the deaths of numerous innocent civilians, and the destruction of property, Reaffirming further that acts of international terrorism constitute a threat to international peace and security, Singapore Legal System 2009 Law Part One. International Law & Singapore
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 9 Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, 1. Decides to continue the measures imposed by paragraph 8 (c) of resolution 1333 (2000) and takes note of the continued application of the measures imposed by paragraph 4 (b) of resolution 1267 (1999), in accordance with paragraph 2 below, and decides to terminate the measures imposed in paragraph 4 (a) of resolution 1267 (1999); 2. Decides that all States shall take the following measures with respect to Usama bin Laden, members of the Al-Qaida organization and the Taliban and other individuals, groups, undertakings and entities associated with them, as referred to in the list created pursuant to resolutions 1267 (1999) and 1333 (2000) to be updated regularly by the Committee established pursuant to resolution 1267 (1999) hereinafter referred to as the Committee; (a) Freeze without delay the funds and other financial assets or economic resources of these individuals, groups, undertakings and entities, including funds derived from property owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by them or by persons acting on their behalf or at their direction, and ensure that neither these nor any other funds, financial assets or economic resources are made available, directly or indirectly, for such persons benefit, by their nationals or by any persons within their territory; (b) Prevent the entry into or the transit through their territories of these individuals, provided that nothing in this paragraph shall oblige any State to deny entry into or require the departure from its territories of its own nationals and this paragraph shall not apply where entry or transit is necessary for the fulfilment of a judicial process or the Committee determines on a case by case basis only that entry or transit is justified; (c) Prevent the direct or indirect supply, sale and transfer, to these individuals, groups, undertakings and entities from their territories or by their nationals outside their territories, or using their flag vessels or aircraft, of arms and related materiel of all types including weapons and ammunition, military vehicles and equipment, paramilitary equipment, and spare parts for the aforementioned and technical advice, assistance, or training related to military activities; 3. Decides that the measures referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 above will be reviewed in 12 months and that at the end of this period the Council will either allow these measures to continue or decide to improve them, in keeping with the principles and purposes of this resolution; 4. Recalls the obligation placed upon all Member States to implement in full resolution 1373 (2001), including with regard to any member of the Taliban and the AlQaida organization, and any individuals, groups, undertakings and entities associated with the Taliban and the Al-Qaida organization, who have participated in the financing, planning, facilitating and preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or in supporting terrorist acts; 5. Requests the Committee to undertake the following tasks and to report on its work to the Council with its observations and recommendations; (a) to update regularly the list referred to in paragraph 2 above, on the basis of relevant information provided by Member States and regional organizations; (b) to seek from all States information regarding the action taken by them to implement effectively the measures referred to in paragraph 2 above, and thereafter to request from them whatever further information the Committee may consider necessary; (c) to make periodic reports to the Council on information submitted to the Committee regarding the implementation of this resolution; (d) to promulgate expeditiously such guidelines and criteria as may be necessary to facilitate the implementation of the measures referred to in paragraph 2 above; Singapore Legal System 2009 Law Part One. International Law & Singapore
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 10 (e) to make information it considers relevant, including the list referred to in paragraph 2 above, publicly available through appropriate media; (f) to cooperate with other relevant Security Council Sanctions Committees and with the Committee established pursuant to paragraph 6 of its resolution 1373 (2001); 6. Requests all States to report to the Committee, no later than 90 days from the date of adoption of this resolution and thereafter according to a timetable to be proposed by the Committee, on the steps they have taken to implement the measures referred to in paragraph 2 above; 7. Urges all States, relevant United Nations bodies, and, as appropriate, other organizations and interested parties to cooperate fully with the Committee and with the Monitoring Group referred to in paragraph 9 below; 8. Urges all States to take immediate steps to enforce and strengthen through legislative enactments or administrative measures, where appropriate, the measures imposed under domestic laws or regulations against their nationals and other individuals or entities operating on their territory, to prevent and punish violations of the measures referred to in paragraph 2 of this resolution, and to inform the Committee of the adoption of such measures, and invites States to report the results of all related investigations or enforcement actions to the Committee unless to do so would compromise the investigation or enforcement actions; 9. Requests the Secretary-General to assign the Monitoring Group established pursuant to paragraph 4 (a) of resolution 1363 (2001), whose mandate expires on 19 January 2002, to monitor, for a period of 12 months, the implementation of the measures referred to in paragraph 2 of this resolution; 10. Requests the Monitoring Group to report to the Committee by 31 March 2002 and thereafter every 4 months; 11. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.
.D SINGAPORE IMPLEMENTATION OF UN SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTIONS ON TERRORISM .1 MINISTERS STATEMENT 2001

ON THE
UNITED NATIONS BILL,
UNITED NATIONS BILL, Bill 42 of 2001 (Parliament No. 9, Session No. 2, Volume 73, Column 2436, 15 October 2001) Order for Second Reading read. The Minister for Law and Minister for Foreign Affairs (Prof. S. Jayakumar): Mr. Speaker, Sir, I beg to move, "That the Bill be now read a Second time". Singapore is a member of the United Nations. Like all other members of the United Nations, we are legally bound by the UN Charter to implement mandatory resolutions of the UN Security Council. A failure to give effect to the measures mandated by the Security Council would be a breach of our international obligations for which Singapore may be subject to censure and sanctions by the Security Council. A good illustration is the recent United Nations Security Council Resolution 1373 adopted on 28th September 2001 which was after the terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11th. It calls upon member States to implement a series of measures against terrorism and the financing of terrorism. This resolution, passed under Chapter VII of the Singapore Legal System 2009 Law Part One. International Law & Singapore
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 11 United Nations Charter, is binding on all member States. It calls for international cooperation to combat threats to international peace and security caused by terrorist attacks and provides for the imposition of strict new measures to criminalise and prevent the financing of terrorism. Sir, the approach we have hitherto taken has been to implement mandatory UN Security Council resolutions through a variety of existing legislative and administrative measures. Where we have not been able to give effect to Security Council resolutions through existing laws, we have sought to amend specific legislation. For example, last year, Parliament amended the Monetary Authority of Singapore Act, the Air Navigation Act and the Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Act to enable Singapore to be better able to give effect to our various treaty obligations. We can implement most of the requirements of the recent Security Council Resolution 1373 under our existing laws. However, given its unique scope and breadth of the resolution, there are some aspects of the resolution that cannot be met under our existing laws. For example, there is a requirement that member states shall: "Criminalise the wilful provision or collection, by any means, directly or indirectly, of funds by their nationals or in their territories with the intention that the funds should be used, or in the knowledge that they are to be used, in order to carry out terrorist acts;" However, our existing laws do not criminalise the provision or collection of funds by Singapore citizens outside Singapore for criminal or terrorist acts committed outside Singapore. We also have to consider the possibility that there may be future UN Security Council resolutions to deal with terrorism or other pressing international crimes. We would not be able to anticipate or predict the breadth and depth of these possible future resolutions. Nonetheless, we must ensure that we are in a position to be able to give effect to them effectively and promptly. This Bill is therefore necessary to ensure that our laws are adequate and to overcome any possible lacuna that would prevent Singapore from effectively fulfilling our international obligations. This Act will enable the Government to pass such regulations necessary to give effect to the decisions of the UN Security Council. It will avoid a situation where gaps in our laws prevent us from implementing the UN Security Council resolutions. Let me add that countries such as the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Canada and India (amongst others) already have in place facilitating legislation, mostly broadly similar, to allow speedy implementation of Security Council decisions.
.2 UNITED NATIONS ACT 2001 (CAP 339)

1. Short title This Act may be cited as the United Nations Act. 2. Power to make regulations to enable effect to be given to Article 41 of Charter of United Nations (1) Subject to subsection (2), if, under Article 41 of the Charter of the United Nations signed at San Francisco on 26th June 1945 (being the Article which relates to measures not involving the use of armed force), the Security Council of the United Nations calls upon the Government to apply any measures to give effect to any decision of that Council, the Minister may, from time to time, make all such regulations as appear to him to be necessary or expedient for enabling those measures to be effectively applied, including (without prejudice to the generality of the preceding words) provisions for Singapore Legal System 2009 Law Part One. International Law & Singapore
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 12 (a) the apprehension, trial and punishment of persons offending against the regulations; and (b) empowering any person or class of persons to exercise, when investigating any offence under this Act or any regulations made thereunder, all or any of the powers of a police officer under the Criminal Procedure Code (Cap. 68) in relation to seizable offences. (2) The measures to be applied under subsection (1) shall not apply to any financial institution or class of financial institutions to the extent that the financial institution or class of financial institutions is or may be subject to the directions of the Monetary Authority of Singapore under section 27A of the Monetary Authority of Singapore Act (Cap. 186). (3) No regulation made under this Act shall be deemed to be invalid because it deals with any matter provided for by any written law, or because of repugnancy to or inconsistency with any written law other than the Constitution. (4) All regulations made under this Act shall be presented to Parliament as soon as possible after publication in the Gazette. (5) All expenses incurred by the Government in applying any such measures as are mentioned in this section shall be defrayed out of moneys provided by Parliament. 3. Immunity from suit (1) No action, suit or other legal proceedings shall lie against (a) any party to a contract for failing, neglecting or refusing to carry out any act required by the contract; or (b) any person for failing, neglecting or refusing to carry out any act under any written law, where such failure, neglect or refusal is solely attributable to, or occasioned by, the provisions of this Act or any regulations made thereunder. (2) Nothing in this section shall affect the operation of the Frustrated Contracts Act (Cap. 115). 4. Protection of persons for acts done under this Act. No person shall be personally liable in respect of any act done by him in the execution or purported execution of this Act or any regulations made thereunder if he did it in the honest belief that his duty under this Act or any regulations made thereunder required or entitled him to do it. 5. Liability for breach of regulations (1) Every person who commits, or attempts to commit, or does any act with intent to commit, or counsels, procures, aids, abets, or incites any other person to commit, or conspires with any other person (whether in Singapore or elsewhere) to commit any offence against any regulations made under this Act shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $100,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years or to both. (2) Nothing in this Act or any regulations made thereunder shall prevent any person from being prosecuted under any other written law for any act or omission which constitutes an offence under this Act or any regulations made thereunder, or from being liable under that other written law to any punishment or penalty higher or other than that provided by this Act or the regulations, but no person shall be punished twice for the same offence.
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 13 6. Liability of citizens of Singapore for offences committed outside Singapore (1) The provisions of this Act have effect, in relation to citizens of Singapore, outside as well as within Singapore, and where an offence under this Act or any regulations made thereunder is committed by a citizen of Singapore in any place outside Singapore, he may be dealt with in respect of that offence as if it had been committed within Singapore. (2) Any proceedings against any person under this section which would be a bar to subsequent proceedings against that person for the same offence, if the offence had been committed in Singapore, shall be a bar to further proceedings against him, under any written law for the time being in force relating to the extradition of persons, in respect of the same offence outside Singapore. 7. Jurisdiction of District Court. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in the Criminal Procedure Code (Cap. 68), a District Court shall have jurisdiction to try any offence under this Act and shall have power to impose the full penalty or punishment in respect of the offence.
.3 UNITED NATIONS REGULATIONS 2001
(ANTI-TERRORISM
MEASURES)
Note: Singapores Report to the Counter-Terrorism Committee of the UN Security Council on Singapores implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1373 is available at http://www.mfa.gov.sg/unsc/SingaporeCTCReport.doc.
United Nations Act (Chapter 339, Section 2 (1) [13th November 2001] 1. Citation. These Regulations may be cited as the United Nations (Anti-Terrorism Measures) Regulations. 2. Object. The object of these Regulations is to assist in giving effect to Resolution 1373 (2001) and Resolution 1390 (2002) of the Security Council of the United Nations. 3. Application. These Regulations shall not apply to any financial institution or class of financial institutions to the extent that the financial institution or class of financial institutions is or may be subject to the directions of the Monetary Authority of Singapore under section 27A of the Monetary Authority of Singapore Act (Cap. 186). 4. Definitions (1) In these Regulations "arms and related material" means any type of weapon, ammunition, military vehicle or military or paramilitary equipment, and includes their spare parts; "funds" includes cheques, bank deposits and other financial resources; "property" means real or personal property, moveable or immovable, including a lease of immovable property as well as a right or interest in such property; "Singapore ship" means a ship registered under Part II of the Merchant Shipping Act (Cap. 179); "terrorist" means any person who (a) commits, or attempts to commit, any terrorist act; or (b) participates in or facilitates the commission of any terrorist act,
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 14 And includes any person referred to in the Schedule; S 667/2005, wef 20/10/2005 "terrorist act" means the use or threat of action (a) where the action (i) involves serious violence against a person; (ii) involves serious damage to property; (iii) endangers a persons life; (iv) creates a serious risk to the health or the safety of the public or a section of the public; (v) involves the use of firearms or explosives; (vi) involves releasing into the environment or any part thereof, or distributing or otherwise exposing the public or any part thereof to (A) any dangerous, hazardous, radioactive or harmful substance; (B) any toxic chemical; or (C) any microbial or other biological agent, or toxin; (vii) is designed to disrupt any public computer system or the provision of services directly related to communications infrastructure, banking and financial services, public utilities, public transportation or public key infrastructure; (viii) is designed to disrupt the provision of essential emergency services such as the police, civil defence and medical services; or (ix) involves prejudice to public security or national defence; and (b) where the use or threat is intended or reasonably regarded as intending to (i) influence the Government or any other government; or (ii) intimidate the public or a section of the public. (2) For the purposes of paragraph (1) (a) action includes action outside Singapore; and (b) a reference to the public includes a reference to the public of a country or territory other than Singapore. (3) In these Regulations, unless the context otherwise requires, any reference to terrorist act shall include any act referred to in regulation 8 (2) or (3). 5. Prohibition against provision or collection of funds for terrorists . No person in Singapore and no citizen of Singapore outside Singapore shall (a) provide funds to any person by any means, directly or indirectly; or (b) collect funds for any person by any means, directly or indirectly, if he knows or has reasonable grounds to believe that the funds will be used to commit any terrorist act or facilitate the commission of any terrorist act. 6. Prohibition against dealing with property of terrorists. No person in Singapore and no citizen of Singapore outside Singapore shall
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 15 (a) deal, directly or indirectly, in any property that is owned or controlled by or on behalf of any terrorist or any entity owned or controlled by any terrorist, including funds derived or generated from property owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by any terrorist or any entity owned or controlled by any terrorist; (b) enter into or facilitate, directly or indirectly, any financial transaction related to a dealing in property referred to in paragraph (a); or (c) provide any financial services or any other related services in respect of any property referred to in paragraph (a), to or for the benefit of, or on the direction or order of, any terrorist or any entity owned or controlled by any terrorist. 7. Prohibition against provision of resources and services for benefit of terrorists (1) No person in Singapore and no citizen of Singapore outside Singapore shall (a) make available any funds or other financial assets or economic resources; or (b) make available any financial or other related services, for the benefit of any prohibited person. (2) In paragraph (1), prohibited person means (a) any terrorist; (b) any entity owned or controlled by any terrorist; or (c) any person or entity acting on behalf of or at the direction of any person referred to in sub-paragraph (a) or (b). 7A. Prohibition against sale, supply, etc., of arms and related material to terrorists. No person in Singapore and no citizen of Singapore outside Singapore shall, directly or indirectly, export, sell, supply or ship any arms and related material, wherever situated, to any terrorist. 7B. Prohibition against carriage of arms and related material by Singapore ships and aircraft for terrorists No owner or master of a Singapore ship and no operator of an aircraft registered in Singapore shall, directly or indirectly, carry or cause or permit to be carried any arms and related material, wherever situated, for any terrorist. 7C. Prohibition against provision of technical advice, assistance, etc., related to military activities of terrorists. No person in Singapore and no citizen of Singapore outside Singapore shall, directly or indirectly, provide any terrorist with technical advice, assistance or training related to military activities. 8. Prohibition against false threats of terrorist acts (1) No person in Singapore and no citizen of Singapore outside Singapore shall communicate or make available by any means any information which he knows or believes to be false to another person with the intention of inducing in him or any other person a false belief that a terrorist act has been, is being or will be carried out. (2) No person in Singapore and no citizen of Singapore outside Singapore shall place any article or substance in any place whatsoever with the intention of inducing in some other person a false belief that (a) the article or substance is likely to explode or ignite and thereby cause personal injury or damage to property; or (b) the article contains or the substance consists of (i) any dangerous, hazardous, radioactive or harmful substance; Singapore Legal System 2009 Law Part One. International Law & Singapore
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 16 (ii) any toxic chemical; or (iii) any microbial or other biological agent, or toxin, that is likely to cause death, disease or personal injury or damage to property. (3) No person in Singapore and no citizen of Singapore outside Singapore shall despatch any article or substance by post, rail or any other means whatever of sending things from one place to another with the intention of inducing in some other person a false belief that (a) the article or substance is likely to explode or ignite and thereby cause personal injury or damage to property; or (b) the article contains or the substance consists of (i) any dangerous, hazardous, radioactive or harmful substance; (ii) any toxic chemical; or (iii) any microbial or other biological agent, or toxin, that is likely to cause death, disease or personal injury or damage to property. (4) For the purposes of paragraphs (1), (2) and (3), a reference to a person inducing in any other person a false belief does not require the first-mentioned person to have any particular person in mind as the person in whom he intends to induce the false belief. 9. General prohibition. No person in Singapore and no citizen of Singapore outside Singapore shall knowingly do anything that causes, assists or promotes, or is intended to cause, assist or promote, any act or thing prohibited by regulation 5, 6, 7, 7A, 7B, 7C or 8. 10. Duty to provide information. Every person in Singapore and any citizen of Singapore outside Singapore who (a) has possession, custody or control of any property belonging to any terrorist or any entity owned or controlled by any terrorist; or (b) has information about any transaction or proposed transaction in respect of any property belonging to any terrorist or any entity owned or controlled by any terrorist, shall immediately inform the Commissioner of Police or such other person as the Minister may designate of that fact or information and provide such further information relating to the property, or transaction or proposed transaction, as the Commissioner or designated person may require. 11. Offences. Any person in Singapore or any citizen of Singapore outside Singapore who contravenes regulation 5, 6, 7, 7A, 7B, 7C, 8, 9 or 10 shall be guilty of an offence. 12. Exemption. The Minister or a person designated by the Minister may, if he considers that it is appropriate to do so in the circumstances of the case and is consistent with the intention of the Security Council of the United Nations under Resolutions 1373 and 1390, by notice in writing exempt, subject to such conditions as he may specify (a) any person or class of persons; or (b) any activity or class of activities, from the operation of any or all provisions of these Regulations.
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 17 THE SCHEDULE Regulation 4 (1) 1. All individuals and entities belonging to or associated with the Taliban and the AlQaida organization in the 1267 List, subject to the following conditions: (a) where any individual or entity is listed in the Previous Schedule with effect from the prescribed date, the individual or entity is taken to be referred to in this Schedule with effect from that prescribed date; (b) where any individual or entity is added to the 1267 List after 17th June 2005 but before 21st October 2005, the individual or entity is taken to be referred to in this Schedule with effect from 21st October 2005; (c) where any individual or entity is added to the 1267 List on or after 21st October 2005, the individual or entity is taken to be referred to in this Schedule with effect from the date immediately following the date of addition to the 1267 List; (d) where any individual or entity is removed from the 1267 List after 17th June 2005 but before 21st October 2005, the individual or entity is taken to be removed from this Schedule with effect from the date of removal from the 1267 list; (e) where the particulars of any individual or entity in the 1267 List are modified on or after 21st October 2005, they are taken to be modified for the purposes of this Schedule with effect from the date immediately following the date of modification in the 1267 List; (f) where the particulars of any individual or entity in the 1267 List are modified after 17th June 2005 but before 21st October 2005, they are taken to be modified for the purposes of this Schedule with effect from 21st October 2005. 2. In this Schedule, unless the context otherwise requires "1267 Committee" means the committee established pursuant to Resolution 1267 (1999) of the Security Council of the United Nations concerning AlQaida and the Taliban and associated individuals and entities; "1267 List" means the Consolidated List of individuals and entities belonging to or associated with the Taliban and the Al-Qaida organization, which is updated from time to time by the 1267 Committee, and made available on the Internet through the official United Nations website at http://www.un.org/; "Previous Schedule" means the Schedule to these Regulations in force immediately before 21st October 2005.
.4 REPORT TO THE COUNTER-TERRORISM COMMITTEE ON SINGAPORE'S IMPLEMENTATION OF UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1373 (2001)
1 Singapore is committed to rendering our full cooperation to the United Nations, its member-states and especially the Counter-Terrorism Committee established by the Security Council pursuant to Resolution 1373 (2001). In order to fulfil our international obligations, we have taken a wide range of steps, which are detailed below.
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 18 2 Singapore believes that there must be coherent and co-ordinated international action against terrorism. The United Nations must continue to play a central role in this effort. Singapore has signed the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism on 18 December 2001 with a view to ratification in the near future. We also support the expeditious conclusion of negotiations on the Comprehensive Convention against Terrorism that will serve to further strengthen the international legal framework against terrorism.
Singapore's Inter-Ministerial Task Force on Anti-Terrorism 3 Shortly after the terrorist attacks on the United States on 11 September 2001, Singapore established an Inter-Ministerial Task Force on Anti-Terrorism under the auspices of the Attorney General and Minister for Foreign Affairs and Law. The Task Force comprises senior officials from: the Attorney-General's Chambers, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Law, Ministry of Home Affairs (which has jurisdiction over immigration and law enforcement matters), Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Trade and Industry, as well as the Monetary Authority of Singapore (the principal regulator for financial matters) and the Commercial Affairs Department of the Singapore Police Force (which is the principal enforcement agency for financial matters). The Task Force is responsible for: 3.1 Reviewing our existing laws and undertaking the necessary follow-up measures including legislative and administrative initiatives to ensure Singapore's full compliance with our international obligations. They include consideration of the requirements of relevant UNGA and UNSC resolutions, the special recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force1 and our commitments to multi-lateral and regional bodies including the Commonwealth, Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) on antiterrorism. Enhancing our national capacity to deal with the effective implementation of national measures to combat international terrorism. These include better coordination among local agencies and expeditious exchange of information related to their respective areas of responsibility.
3.2
These executive actions reflect Singapore's principled position that we will prevail against terrorism only through closer and deeper co-ordination between our law enforcement agencies, both at the national level as well as at the multilateral level. We support better practical cooperation and co-ordination among law enforcement, customs and intelligence agencies of all countries.
Legislative Action 5 Singapore has adopted the necessary enabling legislation in order to implement UN Security Council Resolution 1373 (2001): 5.1
1
The Singapore Parliament enacted the United Nations Act, which entered into force on 29 October 2001. Under section 2(1) of the United Nations
As a member of the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF), we fully supported the expansion of the FATF's mandate to cover terrorism. We participated in the FATF extraordinary plenary meeting on the financing of terrorism held in Washington D.C. on 29 and 30 October 2001, which adopted 8 Special Recommendations to combat the financing of terrorism.
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 19 Act 2001, the Minister for Law may from time to time issue regulations that will enable us to give effect to measures mandated by the UN Security Council. (A copy of the UN Act is at Annex A). 5.2 To specifically give effect to UN Security Council Resolution 1373 (2001), Singapore also issued the United Nations (Anti-Terrorism Measures) Regulations 2001 on 13 November 2001. (A copy of the Regulations is at Annex B.)
We are confident that Singapore's laws are able to satisfy the requirements of UN Security Council Resolution 1373 (2001). At the same time, the UN Act (2001) gives flexibility for Singapore to respond expeditiously and effectively to any future UNSC resolutions on this and other matters.
QUESTIONS Sub-paragraph 1 (a) What measures, if any, have been taken to prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts in addition to those listed in your responses to Questions on 1 (b) to (d). Sub-paragraph 1 (a) reads "All states shall: Prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts;" 7 Prior to 11 September 2001, Singapore already had in place a rigorous system of checks - benchmarked against international best practices - designed to detect and counter the use of the financial system by criminals. The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) is the regulator of Singapore banks and other major financial institutions and the Commercial Affairs Department (CAD), Singapore Police Force, is the main enforcement agency. These Singapore agencies have, since 11 September 2001, undertaken the following measures: 7.1 MAS has instructed the banks and other financial institutions under its supervision to be more vigilant against the misuse of banking and financial systems by terrorists. To supplement its instructions, MAS has intensified its on-site focused inspections since 11 September 2001. The purpose of these inspections are to verify that financial institutions continue to strictly adhere to anti-money laundering procedures and have rigorous procedures to identify customers that are suspected of financing terrorist activities. (The details are at paragraph 15.) These inspections will continue to be undertaken as part of Singapores larger efforts to preserve the integrity of our financial system. Even before 11 September 2001, CAD has taken prompt action and implemented the same rigorous review method for every Suspicious Transaction Report (STR) that it receives from banks, financial institutions and the MAS. Since the 11 September 2001 attacks, CAD has been even more vigilant in reviewing STRs for possible financial accounts linked to terrorists. To maintain these high levels of monitoring, the CAD has increased the staffing in CAD's Suspicious Transactions Reporting Office (STRO), which is the central agency in Singapore to receive and review STRs.
7.2
As of the date of this report, we have not detected any terrorist accounts in our financial systems. We will continue our strict monitoring of financial flows to protect the integrity of our financial system. Singapore has also taken the Part One. International Law & Singapore
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 20 following measures to further strengthen the integrity of our financial system against abuse by terrorists and other criminal elements: 8.1 Singapore is fully committed to meeting the deadlines to implement the FATF's Special Recommendations to combat terrorism. We will be submitting to FATF a Self-Assessment Report on our implementation of the Special Recommendations before 31 December 2001, and we are confident of fully implementing the Special Recommendations by June 2002. Singapore has applied to join the Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units.2 The Egmont Group serves as a platform for exchanges of financial information amongst member countries. Singapore views joining the Egmont Group as mutually beneficial and is prepared to enter into arrangements with our counterparts for such exchanges of information.
8.2
Sub-paragraph 1 (b) What are the offences and penalties in your country with respect to the activities listed in this sub-paragraph? Sub-paragraph 1(b) reads: "All States shall: Criminilize the wilful provision or collection, by any means, directly or indirectly, of funds by their nationals or in their territories with the intention that the funds should be used, or in the knowledge that they are to be used, in order to carry out terrorist acts;" 9 Regulation 5 of the United Nations (Anti-Terrorism Measures) Regulations 2001 provides that no person in Singapore and no citizen of Singapore outside Singapore shall (a) provide funds to any person by any means, directly or indirectly; or (b) collect funds for any person by any means, directly or indirectly, if he knows or has reasonable grounds to believe that the funds will be used to commit any terrorist act or facilitate the commission of any terrorist act. Regulation 9 provides that no person in Singapore and no citizen of Singapore outside Singapore shall knowingly do anything that causes, assists or promotes, or is intended to cause, assist or promote, any act or thing prohibited by regulation 5 (and regulations 6, 7 and 8). Regulation 4(1) defines the term funds as including (but not confined to) cheques, bank deposits and other financial resources. The term terrorist act has also been given a comprehensive definition (see regulation 4(1)) so as to ensure that all terrorist acts will indeed fall within the ambit of the Regulations. The term person in the Regulations includes any company or association or body of persons, corporate or unincorporate (as provided in section 2 of the Interpretation Act).
10
11 12
13
The Egmont Group is an informal organisation providing a forum for Financial Intelligence Units (specialised Government agencies dealing with the problem of money laundering) to improve support to their respective national money laundering programmes.
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 21 Sub-paragraph 1 (c) What legislation and procedures exist for freezing accounts and assets at banks and financial institutions? It would be helpful if States supplied examples of any relevant action taken. Sub-paragraph 1(c) reads: "Freeze without delay funds and other financial assets or economic resources of persons who commit, or attempt to commit, terrorist acts or participate in or facilitate the commission of terrorist acts; of entities owned or controlled directly or indirectly by such persons; and of persons and entities acting on behalf of, or at the direction of such persons and entities, including funds derived or generated from property owned or controlled directly or indirectly by such persons and associated persons and entities;" 14 Section 27A of the MAS Act empowers the Authority to issue directions to a financial institution or a class of financial institutions in order to discharge or facilitate the discharge of any obligation binding on Singapore by virtue of a decision of the UN Security Council. (See Annex C for copy of Section 27A). The Authority is thus empowered to issue circulars to financial institutions under its purview to freeze funds from entities and parties that have been subject to UN Security Council sanctions. The directions of the Authority, made under section 27A, have the force of law notwithstanding any other law or contractual obligations applying to the financial institutions. Pursuant to section 27A of the MAS Act, the Authority has issued Circulars to implement the financial sanctions imposed by UN Security Council Resolutions. They include the following circulars: 14.1 MAS Circular FSG 5/2001 - A circular issued to facilitate the discharge of Singapore's obligations under UN Security Council Resolution 1267 (1999). The circular requires all Banks and Financial Institutions under the Authority's purview to freeze any Taliban assets and or funds. 14.2 MAS Circular FSG 6/2001 - A circular issued to facilitate the discharge of Singapore's obligations under UN Security Council Resolution 1333 (2000). The circular requires all Banks and Financial Institutions under the Authority's purview to freeze any assets or funds of Usama Bin Laden or persons associated with Usama Bin Laden as listed in UN Security Council Resolution 1333 (2000). 14.3 MAS Circulars FSG 47/2001, FSG 57/2001 and FSG 62/2001 to give effect to updates in the list of individuals on whom sanctions have been imposed under UN Security Council Resolution 1333 (2000). 14.4 MAS Circular FSG 48/2001, to give effect to UN Security Council Resolution 1373 (2001). This circular (enclosed in Annex D) makes, among other things, the following provisions, which are binding on financial institutions (a) No designated asset which is in the possession, custody or control of a financial institution, whether directly or indirectly shall be transferred, withdrawn, disposed of or otherwise dealt with, except with the prior approval of the Authority and in accordance with such further conditions as may be imposed by the Authority. (b) A financial institution shall not in any way, directly or indirectly, extend credit facilities to any designated person, permit drawdowns on existing credit facilities granted to any designated person, or extend other Singapore Legal System 2009 Law Part One. International Law & Singapore
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 22 financial or financial related services to any designated person except with the prior approval of the Authority and in accordance with such further conditions as may be imposed by the Authority. (c) A financial institution shall not carry into effect or complete any transaction, whether contractual or otherwise with any designated person, except with the prior approval of the Authority and in accordance with such further conditions as may be imposed by the Authority. (d) If a financial institution has possession of, custody or control over any designated asset, the institution shall as soon as possible notify the Authority of that fact and provide the Authority with all relevant particulars of the designated asset and the circumstances under which the institution came to be in possession, custody or control of the designated asset. The Circular deliberately defines the terms designated asset and designated person very widely so as to effectively implement UN Security Council Resolution 1373 (2001). 15 The Authority requires all its regulated financial institutions to institute rigorous anti-money laundering procedures. The Authority conducts on-site checks to ensure that financial institutions have adequate control systems, processes and procedures to combat money-laundering and for the reporting of suspicious transactions. Since the 11 September 2001 attacks, the Authority has intensified its supervisory efforts by conducting focused inspections to verify the financial institutions' compliance with anti-money laundering guidelines and directives relating to transactions with terrorists identified by the UN Security Council and the freezing of terrorists' funds. Between 11 September 2001 and 6 December 2001, the number of institutions inspected were as follows: Banks and Merchant Banks Finance Companies Remittance Agents/Money Changers Securities and Futures Intermediaries Insurance Companies Total 56 3 25 33 12 129
Sub-paragraph 1 (d) What measures exist to prohibit the activities listed in this subparagraph? Sub-paragraph 1 (d) reads: "All States shall: Prohibit their nationals or any persons and entities within their territories from making any funds, financial assets or economic resources or financial or other related services available, directly or indirectly, for the benefit of persons who commit or attempt to commit or facilitate or participate in the commission of terrorist acts, of entities owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such persons and of persons and entities acting on behalf of or at the direction of such persons;" 16 Under regulation 7 (1) of the United Nations (Anti-Terrorism Measures) Regulations 2001, no person in Singapore and no citizen of Singapore outside Singapore shall, (a) make available any funds or other financial assets or economic resources; or (b) make available any financial or other related services, for the benefit of any prohibited person. [A prohibited person means any Part One. International Law & Singapore
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 23 terrorist, any entity owned or controlled by a terrorist; or any person or entity acting on behalf or at the direction of any person referred to in regulation 7 (2) (a) or (b)]. A terrorist has been defined as any person who commits, attempts to commit, participates in or facilitates the commission of any terrorist act ( regulation 4(1) ). 17 It must also be noted that regulation 6 provides that no person in Singapore and no citizen of Singapore outside Singapore shall (a) deal, directly or indirectly, in any property that is owned or controlled by or on behalf of any terrorist or any entity owned or controlled by any terrorist, including funds derived or generated from property owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by any terrorist or any entity owned or controlled by any terrorist; (b) enter into or facilitate, directly or indirectly, any financial transaction related to a dealing in property referred to in paragraph (a); or (c) provide any financial services or any other related services in respect of any property referred to in paragraph (a), to or for the benefit of, or on the direction or order of, any terrorist or any entity owned or controlled by any terrorist. 18 MAS Circular FSG 48/2001, issued under section 27A of the MAS Act to implement UN Security Council Resolution 1373 (2001), also provides as follows: (a) A financial institution shall not make available or cause to be made available, directly or indirectly, for the benefit of any designated person, any funds, other financial assets or economic resources except with the prior approval of the Authority and in accordance with such further conditions as may be imposed by the Authority, and (b) A financial institution shall not in any way, directly or indirectly, extend credit facilities to any designated person, permit drawdowns on existing credit facilities granted to any designated person, or extend other financial or financial related services to any designated person except with the prior approval of the Authority and in accordance with such further conditions as may be imposed by the Authority. Sub-paragraph 2 (a) - What legislation or other measures are in place to give effect to this sub-paragraph? In particular, what offences in your country prohibit (i) recruitment to terrorist groups and (ii) the supply of weapons to terrorists? What other measures help prevent such activities? Sub-paragraph 2 (a) reads: "All States shall: Refrain from providing any form of support, active or passive, to entities or persons involved in terrorist acts, including by suppressing recruitment of members of terrorist groups and eliminating the supply of weapons to terrorists;" 19 Section 5 of the Internal Security Act provides that if the members or adherents of any association of persons, whether incorporated or not, are organised or trained or equipped either for the purpose of enabling them to be employed for the use or display of physical force in promoting any political or other object, or in such a manner as to arouse reasonable apprehension that they are organised or trained or equipped for that purpose, then any member or adherent of such Part One. International Law & Singapore
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 24 association shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year or to both; and any person who promotes or conspires with another to promote, or who takes part in the control or management of, the association, or in so organising or training as aforesaid any member or adherent thereof, shall be guilty of an offence under this Part and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years or to both. The High Court may order any property held by such an association to be forfeited to the Government. 20 As stated in preceding sections of this Report, the United Nations (AntiTerrorism Measures) Regulations 2001, makes it an offence to support terrorist groups through provision or collection of funds, dealing in property of terrorists and also provision of resources and services for the benefit of terrorists. Singapore has very strict laws regulating the trafficking in arms. These laws will be strictly enforced to eliminate the supply of weapons to terrorists. Under the Arms and Explosives Act, the Minister for Home Affairs has the power to prohibit the export from Singapore of arms (e.g. firearms, air pistols), guns, explosives (e.g. gunpowder and dynamite) and any war material (section 4 of the Arms and Explosives Act). Section 6 of the Arms Offences Act provides that any person trafficking in arms shall be guilty of an offence and shall on conviction be punished with death or imprisonment for life and with caning with not less than 6 strokes. Any person proved to be in unlawful possession of more than 2 arms shall, until the contrary is proved, be presumed to be trafficking in arms. Section 2 of the Arms Offences Act provides that trafficking in arms" means (a) to import, manufacture or deal in arms in contravention of the provisions of the Arms and Explosives Act; or (b) to lend, give, sell, hire or offer for sale or hire any arm to a person who has no licence to possess such arm issued under the Arms and Explosives Act. The term arms covers firearms, air-guns, air-pistols, automatic guns and includes bombs and grenades.
21
Sub-paragraph 2(b) What other steps are being taken to prevent the commission of terrorist acts, and in particular, what early warning mechanisms exist to allow exchange of information with other states? Sub-paragraph 2 (b) reads: "All States shall: Take the necessary steps to prevent the commission of terrorist acts, including by provision of early warning to other States by exchange of information;" 22 Singapore is prepared to share information through intelligence agencies as an early warning mechanism to prevent and deter the commission of terrorist acts.
Sub-paragraph 2(c) What legislation or procedures exist for denying safe haven to terrorists, such as laws for excluding or expelling the types of individuals referred to in this sub-paragraph? It would be helpful if States supplied examples of any relevant action taken. Sub-paragraph 2(c) reads: "All States shall: Deny safe haven to those who finance, plan, support, or commit terrorist acts, or provide safe havens;" 23 Singapore has in place several legal provisions that deny safe haven to terrorists. The Extradition Act provides for the extradition of fugitives for extraditable offences to Commonwealth countries, pursuant to the relevant Commonwealth schemes for rendition of fugitives, and to non-Commonwealth countries Part One. International Law & Singapore
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 25 provided that there are extradition treaties with the countries concerned. Under section 5 of the Banishment Act, a banishment order can be made with respect to non- Singapore nationals if the banishment from Singapore would be conducive to the good of Singapore. Sub-paragraph 2(d) What legislation or procedures exists to prevent terrorists action from your territory against other states or citizens? It would be helpful if States supplied examples of any relevant action taken. Sub-paragraph 2 (d) reads: "All States shall: Prevent those who finance, plan, facilitate or commit terrorist acts from using their respective territories for those purposes against other States or their citizens;" 24 The financing of terrorism in Singapore is prohibited by the United Nations (Anti-Terrorism Measures) Regulations 2001. Any person in Singapore who breaches the provisions of the Regulations is guilty of an offence. The Government will not hesitate to prosecute any person in Singapore who violates the Regulations. Moreover, a person who, in Singapore, abets the commission of an offence outside Singapore is guilty of abetment of the offence. For example, a person in Singapore who instigates someone to commit an act of terrorism (e.g. murder) outside Singapore can be prosecuted in Singapore for abetment of murder.
Sub-paragraph 2 (e) - What steps have been taken to establish terrorist acts as serious criminal offences and to ensure that the punishment reflects the seriousness of such terrorist acts? Please supply examples of any convictions obtained and the sentence given. Sub-paragraph 2 (e) reads: "All States shall: Ensure that any person who participates in the financing, planning, preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or in supporting terrorist acts is brought to justice and ensure that, in addition to any other measures against them, such terrorist acts are established as serious criminal offences in domestic laws and regulations and that the punishment duly reflects the seriousness of such terrorist acts;" 25 The financing of terrorist acts is covered by the United Nations (Anti-Terrorism Measures) Regulations 2001 and is subject to the penalties in the UN Act, as detailed in preceding sections of this Report. The penalties provided for in the UN Act reflect the fact that the Government of Singapore regards these offences as serious ones. There is, in the Penal Code, no offence per se of committing a terrorist act. However, the planning, preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts would involve offences such as murder, causing hurt, hijacking, kidnapping etc, all of which are offences under Singapore law. (The abetment of such offences by aiding, instigation or conspiracy is also an offence under Singapore law.) Singapore law prescribes capital punishment for murder and kidnapping and severe penalties for serious offences (including caning for many violent offences). The Government of Singapore will not hesitate to invoke these statutory provisions to prosecute alleged terrorists as the Government regards the commission of terrorist acts as serious criminal offences.
26
Sub-paragraph 2(f) What procedures and mechanisms are in place to assist other states? Please provide any available details of how these have been used in practice. Singapore Legal System 2009 Law Part One. International Law & Singapore
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 26 Sub-paragraph 2(f) reads: "All States shall: Afford one another the greatest measure of assistance in connection with criminal investigations or criminal proceedings relating to the financing or support of terrorist acts, including assistance in obtaining evidence in their possession necessary for the proceedings;" 27 The Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Act (MACMA) was enacted in April 2000 to allow the Government of Singapore to provide mutual legal assistance to other countries, in relation to criminal investigations or criminal proceedings for offences covered by the Act. MACMA requires a bilateral mutual legal assistance treaty (MLAT) to be in force before assistance can be provided to a foreign country in certain areas e.g. production orders for bank records, arranging for a witness in Singapore to give evidence in a foreign country, the enforcement of foreign confiscation orders and requests for search/seizure. However, other forms of assistance e.g. the recording of evidence in Singapore for the purposes of criminal proceedings in a foreign country, the service of process in Singapore in connection with a criminal matter in a foreign country and the locating of persons in Singapore, may be done under MACMA without a MLAT being in force between Singapore and the foreign country. In the case of co-operation, exchange of information can be done through existing intelligence channels. As a member of ASEAN, Singapore is also committed to co-operation amongst law enforcement agencies in the ASEAN countries through existing mechanisms, such as the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Transnational Crime, the ASEAN Senior Officials on Transnational Crime and the ASEAN Chiefs of National Police (ASEANAPOL).
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Sub-paragraph 2(g) How do border controls in your country prevent the movement of terrorists? How do procedures for issuance of identity papers and travel documents support this? What measures exist to prevent their forgery etc? Sub-paragraph 2 (g) reads: "All States shall: Prevent the movement of terrorists or terrorist groups by effective border controls and controls on issuance of identity papers and travel documents, and through measures for preventing counterfeiting, forgery or fraudulent use of identity papers and travel documents;" 29 Singapore has effective border controls to prevent the movement of terrorists or their supporters. Section 25 of the Immigration Act provides that every person arriving by air at any authorised airport shall appear before an immigration officer at such time and place as that officer may direct. Any person who refuses or neglects to appear before an immigration officer as required shall be guilty of an offence. Similarly, every person that arrives by train at any authorised train checkpoint in Singapore (section 25A) or by sea (section 24) or by land (section 26) shall appear before an immigration officer at such a time and place as that officer may direct. Anyone who contravenes these sections of the law will be guilty of an offence. The Immigration Act also provides that any person who arrives in Singapore or who is about to leave Singapore shall truthfully answer all questions put to him by an immigration officer or police officer, tending, directly or indirectly, to establish his identity, nationality, or occupation or bearing on any of the restrictions contained in the Immigration Act and disclose and produce to any such officer on demand all documents in his possession relating to those matters. Any person who refuses to answer any question, knowingly gives a false or misleading answer or knowingly produces a false or misleading document shall Part One. International Law & Singapore
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Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 27 be guilty of an offence. Under the Immigration Act, it is an offence for a person to use or possess any forged, unlawfully altered or irregular entry or re-entry permit, pass or certificate or other travel document. It is also an offence under this Act to possess or to use any permit, pass or certificate or other travel document so issued on which any endorsement has been forged or unlawfully altered. Sub-paragraph 3 (a) - What steps have been taken to intensify and accelerate the exchange of operational information in the areas indicated in this sub-paragraph? Sub-paragraph 3 (a) reads: "Calls upon all States to: Find ways of intensifying and accelerating the exchange of operational information, especially regarding actions or movements of terrorist persons or networks; forged or falsified travel documents; traffic in arms, explosives or sensitive materials; use of communications technologies by terrorist groups; and the threat posed by the possession of weapons of mass destruction by terrorist groups;" 31 Exchange of information can be done through intelligence channels. Singapore is prepared to increase the levels of exchange of information through intelligence agencies.
Sub-paragraph 3 (b) - What steps have been taken to exchange information and cooperate in the areas indicated in this sub-paragraph? Sub-paragraph 3 (b) reads: "Calls upon all States to: Exchange information in accordance with international and domestic law and cooperate on administrative and judicial matters to prevent the commission of terrorist acts;" 32 Our intelligence agencies have shared operational information with their foreign counterparts pertaining to the areas indicated in this sub-paragraph. Our intelligence agencies will continue to cooperate closely to exchange operational information with their foreign counterparts. Singapore's Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Act (MACMA) allows mutual legal assistance to be provided to other countries, subject to the conditions set out in the Act. These conditions have been discussed in paragraph 27 of this Report.
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Sub-paragraph 3 (c) - What steps have been taken to cooperate in the areas indicated in this sub paragraph? Sub-paragraph 3 (c) reads: "Calls upon all States to: Cooperate, particularly through bilateral and multilateral arrangements and agreements, to prevent and suppress terrorist attacks and take action against perpetrators of such acts;" 34 Singapore has, since 11 September 2001, stepped up bilateral cooperation with other neighbouring and interested parties, particularly in the area information exchange. As a member of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), Singapore together with other FATF members have recently agreed to implement a set of Special Recommendations adopted at the recent FATF Special Plenary in October 2001 to combat and suppress the financing of terrorists. (Please see Annex E for the FATF Special Recommendations). Singapore has taken the necessary steps to implement the relevant FATF Special Recommendations to combat terrorism, Part One. International Law & Singapore
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Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 28 including signing the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism on 18 December 2001 with a view to ratification in the near future. 36 Singapore has recently sought membership in the Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units. Our membership in the Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units will provide a channel for us to exchange financial intelligence to detect money laundering of funds which may be intended for, inter alia, financing terrorism. At the multi-lateral and regional level, Singapore has been cooperating closely with other states in taking collective action against terrorists. As a member of ASEAN, Singapore is committed to the 2001 ASEAN Declaration on Joint Action to Counter Terrorism delivered at the 7th ASEAN Summit in Brunei in November 2001 (the ASEAN Declaration on Joint Action to Counter Terrorism is attached at Annex F). ASEAN countries including Singapore have agreed to consider joint practical counter-terrorism measures. Towards this end, ASEAN has established a regional framework for fighting transnational crime and the 2 nd ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Transnational Crime held in June 1999 adopted an ASEAN Plan of Action that outlines a cohesive regional strategy to prevent, control and neutralise transnational crime (the ASEAN Plan of Action to Combat Transnational Crime is attached at Annex G). Singapore is also supportive of the convening of the Special ASEAN Ministers Meeting on Transnational Crime which will focus on terrorism. The Ministerial Meeting is scheduled to be held in Malaysia in April 2002. ASEAN countries have also agreed to facilitate the flow of information on transnational crime including terrorism, their movement and funding and other information needed to protect lives, property and security on all modes of travel. Singapore is also a member of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), whose leaders have also pledged close cooperation in counter-terrorism measures, among other things, to enhance airport and port security, tighten financial regulations and develop an integrated customs communications network in the Asia-Pacific.
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Sub-paragraph 3 (d) - What are your governments' intentions regarding the signing and /or ratifying the conventions, protocols and resolutions referred to in this subparagraph. Sub-paragraph 3 (d) reads: "Calls upon all States to: Become parties as soon as possible to the relevant international conventions and protocols relating to terrorism, including the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism of 9 December 1999;" 39 Singapore is a party to the following Conventions on terrorism: Tokyo Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft Hague Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft Montreal Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 29 Montreal Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation
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Singapore signed the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism on 18 December 2001 with a view to ratification in the near future. Singapore is currently in the midst of preparing and enacting legislation which would allow us to accede to the following two conventions: Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives for the Purpose of Identification
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Singapore is also reviewing the other relevant international conventions and protocols relating to terrorism.
Sub-paragraph 3 (e) - Provide any relevant information on the implementation of the conventions, Sub-paragraph 3 (e) reads: "Calls upon all States to: Increase cooperation and fully implement the relevant international conventions and protocols relating to terrorism and Security Council resolutions 1269 (1999) and 1368 (2001);" 43 In order to comply fully with the four Conventions on terrorism listed above in paragraph 39, which we are a party to, the following legislation has been put in place: The Tokyo Convention Act The Hijacking of Aircraft and Protection of Aircraft and International Airports Act
Sub-paragraph 3 (f) What legislation, procedures and mechanisms are in place for ensuring asylum seekers have not been involved in terrorist activity before granting refugee status. Please supply examples of any relevant cases. Sub-paragraph 3 (f) reads: "Calls upon all States to: Take appropriate measures in conformity with the relevant provisions of national and international law, including international standards of human rights, before granting refugee status, for the purpose of ensuring that the asylum seeker has not planned, facilitated or participated in the commission of terrorist acts;" 44 Singapore is one of the smallest and most densely populated countries in the world. Due to severe land constraints and the density of the population, Singapore is not in a position to receive or house refugees. As a policy, Singapore does not generally accept persons who claim to be refugees. Any terrorist posing as an asylum seeker will therefore not be able to seek refuge in Singapore. In addition, anyone that enters Singapore illegally will be regarded as an illegal immigrant and dealt with accordingly under our laws.
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 30 Sub-paragraph 3 (g) - What procedures are in place to prevent the abuse of refugee status by terrorists? Please provide details of legislation and/or administrative procedures which prevent claims of political motivation being recognised as grounds for refusing requests for the extradition of alleged terrorists. Please supply examples of any relevant cases. Sub-paragraph 3 (g) reads: "Calls upon all States to: Ensure, in conformity with international law, that refugee status is not abused by the perpetrators, organizers or facilitators of terrorist acts, and that claims of political motivation are not recognized as grounds for refusing requests for the extradition of alleged terrorists;" 45 The abuse of refugee status is not a problem for Singapore because of our policy of generally not allowing refugees to enter Singapore (for reasons detailed in paragraph 44 of this Report). The Extradition Act provides that a person is not liable to be surrendered to a foreign State or a Commonwealth country if the offence to which the requisition for his surrender relates is, or is by reason of the circumstances in which it is alleged to have been committed or was committed, an offence of a political character (sections 7 and 21 of the Act). This is a statutory provision which is commonly found in the extradition legislation of many countries. The Government of Singapore does not regard acts of terrorism as offences of a political character and will not hesitate to invoke the Extradition Act to extradite an alleged terrorist, for offences that fall under the Extradition Act, to foreign States with which Singapore has extradition treaties or to Commonwealth countries, pursuant to the relevant Commonwealth schemes in relation to the extradition of fugitives. There has been no case where a court in Singapore has held that an offence committed for purposes of terrorism is an offence of a political character".
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Annex A: UN Act 2001 Annex B: UN (Anti-Terrorism Measures) Regulations 2001 Annex C: Section 27A of Monetary Authority of Singapore Act Annex D: Monetary Authority of Singapore Circular 48-2001 on 1373 Annex E: Financial Action Task Force - Special Recommendations Annex F: ASEAN Declaration on Joint Action to Counter Terrorism Annex G: ASEAN Plan of Action on Transnational Crime
.5 SINGAPORE LEGISLATION TERRORISM CONVENTIONS
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1. 1970 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft, done at The Hague on 16 December 1970. Hijacking of Aircraft and Protection of Aircraft and International Airports Act (Cap 124), Act 9 of 1978, Amended by Act 32 of 1996 and Act 26 of 2003 2. 1971 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation, done at Montreal on 23 September 1971. Singapore Legal System 2009 Law Part One. International Law & Singapore
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 31 Hijacking of Aircraft and Protection of Aircraft and International Airports Act (Cap 124), Act 9 of 1978, Amended by Act 32 of 1996 and Act 26 of 2003 3. 1973 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents, adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 14 December 1973. Internationally Protected Persons Act 2008, Act 8 of 2008 4. 1979 International Convention against the Taking of Hostages, adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 17 December 1979. Singapore is not a party 5. 1980 Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, adopted at Vienna on 3 March 1980. Singapore is not a party 6. 1988 Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation, supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation, done at Montreal on 24 February 1988. Hijacking of Aircraft and Protection of Aircraft and International Airports Act (Cap 124), Act 9 of 1978, Amended by Act 32 of 1996 and Act 26 of 2003 7. 1988 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation, done at Rome on 10 March 1988. Maritime Offences Act (Cap 170B), Act 26 of 2003 8. 1988 Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms located on the Continental Shelf, done at Rome on 10 March 1988. Singapore is not a party 9. 1997 International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings, adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 15 December 1997. Terrorism (Suppression of Bombings) Act (Cap 324A), Act 50 of 2007 10. International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism, adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 9 December 1999.
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 32 Terrorism (Suppression of Financing) Act (Cap 325), Act 16 of 2002, amended by Act 9 of 2003, S 86/2008, S 280/2008 and Act 30 of 2008 11. 2005 International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism New York, adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 13 April 2005 Singapore has signed but has not ratified
.E SECURITY COUNCIL ACTIONS ON NORTH KOREA .1 UN SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1718 (2006) NORTH KOREA
Adopted by the Security Council at its 5551st meeting, on 14 October 2006 The Security Council, Recalling its previous relevant resolutions, including resolution 825 (1993), resolution 1540 (2004) and, in particular, resolution 1695 (2006), as well as the statement of its President of 6 October 2006 (S/PRST/2006/41), Reaffirming that proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, as well as their means of delivery, constitutes a threat to international peace and security, Expressing the gravest concern at the claim by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) that it has conducted a test of a nuclear weapon on 9 October 2006, and at the challenge such a test constitutes to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and to international efforts aimed at strengthening the global regime of nonproliferation of nuclear weapons, and the danger it poses to peace and stability in the region and beyond, Expressing its firm conviction that the international regime on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons should be maintained and recalling that the DPRK cannot have the status of a nuclear-weapon state in accordance with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Deploring the DPRK's announcement of withdrawal from the Treaty on the NonProliferation of Nuclear Weapons and its pursuit of nuclear weapons, Deploring further that the DPRK has refused to return to the Six-Party talks without precondition, Endorsing the Joint Statement issued on 19 September 2005 by China, the DPRK, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation and the United States, Underlining the importance that the DPRK respond to other security and humanitarian concerns of the international community, Expressing profound concern that the test claimed by the DPRK has generated increased tension in the region and beyond, and determining therefore that there is a clear threat to international peace and security, Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and taking measures under its Article 41, 1. Condemns the nuclear test proclaimed by the DPRK on 9 October 2006 in flagrant disregard of its relevant resolutions, in particular resolution 1695 (2006), as well as of the statement of its President of 6 October 2006 (S/PRST/2006/41), including that such a test would bring universal condemnation of the international community and would represent a clear threat to international peace and security; 2. Demands that the DPRK not conduct any further nuclear test or launch of a ballistic missile; 3. Demands that the DPRK immediately retract its announcement of withdrawal from the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons; Singapore Legal System 2009 Law Part One. International Law & Singapore
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Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 34 4. Demands further that the DPRK return to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards, and underlines the need for all States Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to continue to comply with their Treaty obligations; 5. Decides that the DPRK shall suspend all activities related to its ballistic missile programme and in this context re-establish its pre-existing commitments to a moratorium on missile launching; 6. Decides that the DPRK shall abandon all nuclear weapons and existing nuclear programmes in a complete, verifiable and irreversible manner, shall act strictly in accordance with the obligations applicable to parties under the Treaty on the NonProliferation of Nuclear Weapons and the terms and conditions of its International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Safeguards Agreement (IAEA INFCIRC/403) and shall provide the IAEA transparency measures extending beyond these requirements, including such access to individuals, documentation, equipments and facilities as may be required and deemed necessary by the IAEA; 7. Decides also that the DPRK shall abandon all other existing weapons of mass destruction and ballistic missile programme in a complete, verifiable and irreversible manner; 8. Decides that: (a) All Member States shall prevent the direct or indirect supply, sale or transfer to the DPRK, through their territories or by their nationals, or using their flag vessels or aircraft, and whether or not originating in their territories, of: (i) Any battle tanks, armoured combat vehicles, large calibre artillery systems, combat aircraft, attack helicopters, warships, missiles or missile systems as defined for the purpose of the United Nations Register on Conventional Arms, or related materiel including spare parts, or items as determined by the Security Council or the Committee established by paragraph 12 below (the Committee); (ii) All items, materials, equipment, goods and technology as set out in the lists in documents S/2006/814 and S/2006/815, unless within 14 days of adoption of this resolution the Committee has amended or completed their provisions also taking into account the list in document S/2006/816, as well as other items, materials, equipment, goods and technology, determined by the Security Council or the Committee, which could contribute to DPRK's nuclear-related, ballistic missile-related or other weapons of mass destructionrelated programmes; (iii) Luxury goods; (b) The DPRK shall cease the export of all items covered in subparagraphs (a) (i) and (a) (ii) above and that all Member States shall prohibit the procurement of such items from the DPRK by their nationals, or using their flagged vessels or aircraft, and whether or not originating in the territory of the DPRK; (c) All Member States shall prevent any transfers to the DPRK by their nationals or from their territories, or from the DPRK by its nationals or from its territory, of technical training, advice, services or assistance related to the provision, manufacture, maintenance or use of the items in subparagraphs (a) (i) and (a) (ii) above; (d) All Member States shall, in accordance with their respective legal processes, freeze immediately the funds, other financial assets and economic resources which are on their territories at the date of the adoption of this resolution or at any time Singapore Legal System 2009 Law Part One. International Law & Singapore
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 35 thereafter, that are owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by the persons or entities designated by the Committee or by the Security Council as being engaged in or providing support for, including through other illicit means, DPRK's nuclearrelated, other weapons of mass destruction-related and ballistic missilerelated programmes, or by persons or entities acting on their behalf or at their direction, and ensure that any funds, financial assets or economic resources are prevented from being made available by their nationals or by any persons or entities within their territories, to or for the benefit of such persons or entities; (e) All Member States shall take the necessary steps to prevent the entry into or transit through their territories of the persons designated by the Committee or by the Security Council as being responsible for, including through supporting or promoting, DPRK policies in relation to the DPRK's nuclear-related, ballistic missile-related and other weapons of mass destruction-related programmes, together with their family members, provided that nothing in this paragraph shall oblige a state to refuse its own nationals entry into its territory; (f) In order to ensure compliance with the requirements of this paragraph, and thereby preventing illicit trafficking in nuclear, chemical or biological weapons, their means of delivery and related materials, all Member States are called upon to take, in accordance with their national authorities and legislation, and consistent with international law, cooperative action including through inspection of cargo to and from the DPRK, as necessary; 9. Decides that the provisions of paragraph 8 (d) above do not apply to financial or other assets or resources that have been determined by relevant States: (a) To be necessary for basic expenses, including payment for foodstuffs, rent or mortgage, medicines and medical treatment, taxes, insurance premiums, and public utility charges, or exclusively for payment of reasonable professional fees and reimbursement of incurred expenses associated with the provision of legal services, or fees or service charges, in accordance with national laws, for routine holding or maintenance of frozen funds, other financial assets and economic resources, after notification by the relevant States to the Committee of the intention to authorize, where appropriate, access to such funds, other financial assets and economic resources and in the absence of a negative decision by the Committee within five working days of such notification; (b) To be necessary for extraordinary expenses, provided that such determination has been notified by the relevant States to the Committee and has been approved by the Committee; or (c) To be subject of a judicial, administrative or arbitral lien or judgement, in which case the funds, other financial assets and economic resources may be used to satisfy that lien or judgement provided that the lien or judgement was entered prior to the date of the present resolution, is not for the benefit of a person referred to in paragraph 8 (d) above or an individual or entity identified by the Security Council or the Committee, and has been notified by the relevant States to the Committee; 10. Decides that the measures imposed by paragraph 8 (e) above shall not apply where the Committee determines on a case-by-case basis that such travel is justified on the grounds of humanitarian need, including religious obligations, or where the Committee concludes that an exemption would otherwise further the objectives of the present resolution; 11. Calls upon all Member States to report to the Security Council within thirty days of the adoption of this resolution on the steps they have taken with a view to implementing effectively the provisions of paragraph 8 above;
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 36 12. Decides to establish, in accordance with rule 28 of its provisional rules of procedure, a Committee of the Security Council consisting of all the members of the Council, to undertake the following tasks: (a) To seek from all States, in particular those producing or possessing the items, materials, equipment, goods and technology referred to in paragraph 8 (a) above, information regarding the actions taken by them to implement effectively the measures imposed by paragraph 8 above of this resolution and whatever further information it may consider useful in this regard; (b) To examine and take appropriate action on information regarding alleged violations of measures imposed by paragraph 8 of this resolution; (c) To consider and decide upon requests for exemptions set out in paragraphs 9 and 10 above; (d) To determine additional items, materials, equipment, goods and technology to be specified for the purpose of paragraphs 8 (a) (i) and 8 (a) (ii) above; (e) To designate additional individuals and entities subject to the measures imposed by paragraphs 8 (d) and 8 (e) above; (f) To promulgate guidelines as may be necessary to facilitate the implementation of the measures imposed by this resolution; (g) To report at least every 90 days to the Security Council on its work, with its observations and recommendations, in particular on ways to strengthen the effectiveness of the measures imposed by paragraph 8 above; 13. Welcomes and encourages further the efforts by all States concerned to intensify their diplomatic efforts, to refrain from any actions that might aggravate tension and to facilitate the early resumption of the Six-Party Talks, with a view to the expeditious implementation of the Joint Statement issued on 19 September 2005 by China, the DPRK, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation and the United States, to achieve the verifiable denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula and to maintain peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula and in north-east Asia; 14. Calls upon the DPRK to return immediately to the Six-Party Talks without precondition and to work towards the expeditious implementation of the Joint Statement issued on 19 September 2005 by China, the DPRK, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation and the United States; 15. Affirms that it shall keep DPRK's actions under continuous review and that it shall be prepared to review the appropriateness of the measures contained in paragraph 8 above, including the strengthening, modification, suspension or lifting of the measures, as may be needed at that time in light of the DPRK's compliance with the provisions of the resolution; 16. Underlines that further decisions will be required, should additional measures be necessary; 17. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.
.2 UN SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1874 (2009) NORTH KOREA

Adopted by the Security Council at its 6141st meeting, on 12 June 2009 The Security Council,
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Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 37 Recalling its previous relevant resolutions, including resolution 825 (1993), resolution 1540 (2004), resolution 1695 (2006), and, in particular, resolution 1718 (2006), as well as the statements of its President of 6 October 2006 (S/PRST/2006/41) and 13 April 2009 (S/PRST/2009/7), Reaffirming that proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, as well as their means of delivery, constitutes a threat to international peace and security, Expressing the gravest concern at the nuclear test conducted by the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (the DPRK) on 25 May 2009 (local time) in violation of resolution 1718 (2006), and at the challenge such a test constitutes to the Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (the NPT) and to international efforts aimed at strengthening the global regime of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons towards the 2010 NPT Review Conference, and the danger it poses to peace and stability in the region and beyond, Stressing its collective support for the NPT and commitment to strengthen the Treaty in all its aspects, and global efforts towards nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear disarmament, and recalling that the DPRK cannot have the status of a nuclear-weapon state in accordance with the NPT in any case, Deploring the DPRKs announcement of withdrawal from the NPT and its pursuit of nuclear weapons, Underlining once again the importance that the DPRK respond to other security and humanitarian concerns of the international community, Underlining also that measures imposed by this resolution are not intended to have adverse humanitarian consequences for the civilian population of the DPRK, Expressing its gravest concern that the nuclear test and missile activities carried out by the DPRK have further generated increased tension in the region and beyond, and determining that there continues to exist a clear threat to international peace and security, Reaffirming the importance that all Member States uphold the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and taking measures under its Article 41, 1. Condemns in the strongest terms the nuclear test conducted by the DPRK on 25 May 2009 (local time) in violation and flagrant disregard of its relevant resolutions, in particular resolutions 1695 (2006) and 1718 (2006), and the statement of its President of 13 April 2009 (S/PRST/2009/7); 2. Demands that the DPRK not conduct any further nuclear test or any launch using ballistic missile technology; 3. Decides that the DPRK shall suspend all activities related to its ballistic missile programme and in this context re-establish its pre-existing commitments to a moratorium on missile launches; 4. Demands that the DPRK immediately comply fully with its obligations under relevant Security Council resolutions, in particular resolution 1718 (2006); 5. Demands that the DPRK immediately retract its announcement of withdrawal from the NPT; 6. Demands further that the DPRK return at an early date to the NPT and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards, bearing in mind the rights and obligations of States Parties to the NPT, and underlines the need for all States Parties to the NPT to continue to comply with their Treaty obligations;
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 38 7. Calls upon all Member States to implement their obligations pursuant to resolution 1718 (2006), including with respect to designations made by the Committee established pursuant to resolution 1718 (2006) (the Committee) pursuant to the statement of its President of 13 April 2009 (S/PRST/2009/7); 8. Decides that the DPRK shall abandon all nuclear weapons and existing nuclear programs in a complete, verifiable and irreversible manner and immediately cease all related activities, shall act strictly in accordance with the obligations applicable to parties under the NPT and the terms and conditions of the IAEA Safeguards Agreement (IAEA INFCIRC/403) and shall provide the IAEA transparency measures extending beyond these requirements, including such access to individuals, documentation, equipment and facilities as may be required and deemed necessary by the IAEA; 9. Decides that the measures in paragraph 8(b) of resolution 1718 (2006) shall also apply to all arms and related materiel, as well as to financial transactions, technical training, advice, services or assistance related to the provision, manufacture, maintenance or use of such arms or materiel; 10. Decides that the measures in paragraph 8(a) of resolution 1718 (2006) shall also apply to all arms and related materiel, as well as to financial transactions, technical training, advice, services or assistance related to the provision, manufacture, maintenance or use of such arms, except for small arms and light weapons and their related materiel, and calls upon States to exercise vigilance over the direct or indirect supply, sale or transfer to the DPRK of small arms or light weapons, and further decides that States shall notify the Committee at least five days prior to selling, supplying or transferring small arms or light weapons to the DPRK; 11. Calls upon all States to inspect, in accordance with their national authorities and legislation, and consistent with international law, all cargo to and from the DPRK, in their territory, including seaports and airports, if the State concerned has information that provides reasonable grounds to believe the cargo contains items the supply, sale, transfer, or export of which is prohibited by paragraph 8 (a), 8 (b), or 8 (c) of resolution 1718 or by paragraph 9 or 10 of this resolution, for the purpose of ensuring strict implementation of those provisions; 12. Calls upon all Member States to inspect vessels, with the consent of the flag State, on the high seas, if they have information that provides reasonable grounds to believe that the cargo of such vessels contains items the supply, sale, transfer, or export of which is prohibited by paragraph 8 (a), 8 (b), or 8 (c) of resolution 1718 (2006) or by paragraph 9 or 10 of this resolution, for the purpose of ensuring strict implementation of those provisions; 13. Calls upon all States to cooperate with inspections pursuant to paragraphs 11 and 12, and, if the flag State does not consent to inspection on the high seas, decides that the flag State shall direct the vessel to proceed to an appropriate and convenient port for the required inspection by the local authorities pursuant to paragraph 11; 14. Decides to authorize all Member States to, and that all Member States shall, seize and dispose of items the supply, sale, transfer, or export of which is prohibited by paragraph 8 (a), 8 (b), or 8 (c) of resolution 1718 or by paragraph 9 or 10 of this resolution that are identified in inspections pursuant to paragraph 11, 12, or 13 in a manner that is not inconsistent with their obligations under applicable Security Council resolutions, including resolution 1540 (2004), as well as any obligations of parties to the NPT, the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction of 29 April 1997, and the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction of 10 April 1972, and decides further that all States shall cooperate in such efforts; Singapore Legal System 2009 Law Part One. International Law & Singapore
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 39 15. Requires any Member State, when it undertakes an inspection pursuant to paragraph 11, 12, or 13, or seizes and disposes of cargo pursuant to paragraph 14, to submit promptly reports containing relevant details to the Committee on the inspection, seizure and disposal; 16. Requires any Member State, when it does not receive the cooperation of a flag State pursuant to paragraph 12 or 13 to submit promptly to the Committee a report containing relevant details; 17. Decides that Member States shall prohibit the provision by their nationals or from their territory of bunkering services, such as provision of fuel or supplies, or other servicing of vessels, to DPRK vessels if they have information that provides reasonable grounds to believe they are carrying items the supply, sale, transfer, or export of which is prohibited by paragraph 8 (a), 8 (b), or 8 (c) of resolution 1718 (2006) or by paragraph 9 or 10 of this resolution, unless provision of such services is necessary for humanitarian purposes or until such time as the cargo has been inspected, and seized and disposed of if necessary, and underlines that this paragraph is not intended to affect legal economic activities; 18. Calls upon Member States, in addition to implementing their obligations pursuant to paragraphs 8 (d) and (e) of resolution 1718 (2006), to prevent the provision of financial services or the transfer to, through, or from their territory, or to or by their nationals or entities organized under their laws (including branches abroad), or persons or financial institutions in their territory, of any financial or other assets or resources that could contribute to the DPRKs nuclear-related, ballistic missile-related, or other weapons of mass destruction-related programs or activities, including by freezing any financial or other assets or resources on their territories or that hereafter come within their territories, or that are subject to their jurisdiction or that hereafter become subject to their jurisdiction, that are associated with such programs or activities and applying enhanced monitoring to prevent all such transactions in accordance with their national authorities and legislation; 19. Calls upon all Member States and international financial and credit institutions not to enter into new commitments for grants, financial assistance, or concessional loans to the DPRK, except for humanitarian and developmental purposes directly addressing the needs of the civilian population, or the promotion of denuclearization, and also calls upon States to exercise enhanced vigilance with a view to reducing current commitments; 20. Calls upon all Member States not to provide public financial support for trade with the DPRK (including the granting of export credits, guarantees or insurance to their nationals or entities involved in such trade) where such financial support could contribute to the DPRKs nuclear-related or ballistic missile-related or other WMD-related programs or activities; 21. Emphasizes that all Member States should comply with the provisions of paragraphs 8(a)(iii) and 8(d) of resolution 1718 (2006) without prejudice to the activities of the diplomatic missions in the DPRK pursuant to the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations; 22. Calls upon all Member States to report to the Security Council within forty-five days of the adoption of this resolution and thereafter upon request by the Committee on concrete measures they have taken in order to implement effectively the provisions of paragraph 8 of resolution 1718 (2006) as well as paragraphs 9 and 10 of this resolution, as well as financial measures set out in paragraphs 18, 19 and 20 of this resolution; 23. Decides that the measures set out at paragraphs 8 (a), 8 (b) and 8 (c) of resolution 1718 (2006) shall also apply to the items listed in INFCIRC/254/Rev.9/Part 1a and INFCIRC/254/Rev.7/Part 2a; 24. Decides to adjust the measures imposed by paragraph 8 of resolution 1718 (2006) and this resolution, including through the designation of entities, goods, and individuals, and directs the Committee to undertake its tasks to this effect and to report to the Security Singapore Legal System 2009 Law Part One. International Law & Singapore
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 40 Council within thirty days of adoption of this resolution, and further decides that, if the Committee has not acted, then the Security Council will complete action to adjust the measures within seven days of receiving that report; 25. Decides that the Committee shall intensify its efforts to promote the full implementation of resolution 1718 (2006), the statement of its President of 13 April 2009 (S/PRST/2009/7) and this resolution, through a work programme covering compliance, investigations, outreach, dialogue, assistance and cooperation, to be submitted to the Council by 15 July 2009, and that it shall also receive and consider reports from Member States pursuant to paragraphs 10, 15, 16 and 22 of this resolution; 26. Requests the Secretary-General to create for an initial period of one year, in consultation with the Committee, a group of up to seven experts (Panel of Experts), acting under the direction of the Committee to carry out the following tasks: (a) assist the Committee in carrying out its mandate as specified in resolution 1718 (2006) and the functions specified in paragraph 25 of this resolution; (b) gather, examine and analyze information from States, relevant United Nations bodies and other interested parties regarding the implementation of the measures imposed in resolution 1718 (2006) and in this resolution, in particular incidents of non-compliance; (c) make recommendations on actions the Council, or the Committee or Member States, may consider to improve implementation of the measures imposed in resolution 1718 (2006) and in this resolution; and (d) provide an interim report on its work to the Council no later than 90 days after adoption of this resolution, and a final report to the Council no later than 30 days prior to termination of its mandate with its findings and recommendations; 27. Urges all States, relevant United Nations bodies and other interested parties, to cooperate fully with the Committee and the Panel of Experts, in particular by supplying any information at their disposal on the implementation of the measures imposed by resolution 1718 (2006) and this resolution; 28. Calls upon all Member States to exercise vigilance and prevent specialized teaching or training of DPRK nationals within their territories or by their nationals, of disciplines which could contribute to the DPRKs proliferation sensitive nuclear activities and the development of nuclear weapon delivery systems; 29. Calls upon the DPRK to join the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty at the earliest date; 30. Supports peaceful dialogue, calls upon the DPRK to return immediately to the Six Party Talks without precondition, and urges all the participants to intensify their efforts on the full and expeditious implementation of the Joint Statement issued on 19 September 2005 and the joint documents of 13 February 2007 and 3 October 2007, by China, the DPRK, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation and the United States, with a view to achieving the verifiable denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula and to maintain peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula and in north-east Asia; 31. Expresses its commitment to a peaceful, diplomatic and political solution to the situation and welcomes efforts by Council members as well as other Member States to facilitate a peaceful and comprehensive solution through dialogue and to refrain from any actions that might aggravate tensions; 32. Affirms that it shall keep the DPRKs actions under continuous review and that it shall be prepared to review the appropriateness of the measures contained in paragraph 8 of resolution 1718 (2006) and relevant paragraphs of this resolution, including the strengthening, modification, suspension or lifting of the measures, as may be needed at that time in light of the DPRKs compliance with relevant provisions of resolution 1718 (2006) and this resolution;
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 41 33. Underlines that further decisions will be required, should additional measures be necessary; 34. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.
.3 MPA SHPPING CIRCULAR NO. 24 OF 2006 OF 30 OCTOBER 2006 ON UN SECURITY COUNCIL SANCTIONS AGAINST DPR KOREA
Applicable to:Shipowners, shipmanagers and shipmasters of Singapore ships and the shipping community. Owners and managers of Singapore ships are advised to comply with the United Nations Security Council Res. 1718 (2006) which imposes sanctions on the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, the text of which is produced in Annex A. 2.Your attention is drawn specially to paragraphs 8(a), 8(b) and 8(c) of1Res. 1718 (2006), which1are re-produced below: "8(a) - all Member States shall prevent the direct or indirect supply, sale or transfer to the DPRK, through their territories or by their nationals, or using their flag vessels or aircraft, and whether or not originating in their territories, of: (i)any battle tanks, armoured combat vehicles, large calibre artillery systems, combat aircraft, attack helicopters, warships, missiles or missile systems as defined for the purpose of the United Nations Register on Conventional Arms, or related materiel including spare parts, or items as determined by the Security Council or the Committee established by paragraph 12 below (the Committee); (ii)all items, materials, equipment, goods and technology as set out in the lists in documents S/2006/814 and S/2006/815, unless within 14 days of adoption of this resolution the Committee has amended or completed their provisions also taking into account the list in document S/2006/816, as well as other items, materials, equipment, goods and technology, determined by the Security Council or the Committee, which could contribute to DPRK's nuclear-related, ballistic missile-related or other weapons of mass destruction-related programmes; (iii)luxury goods; 8(b) The DPRK shall cease the export of all items covered in subparagraphs (a) (i) and (a) (ii) above and that all Member States shall prohibit the procurement of such items from the DPRK by their nationals, or using their flagged vessels or aircraft, and whether or not originating in the territory of the DPRK; 8(c) - all Member States shall prevent any transfers to the DPRK by their nationals or from their territories, or from the DPRK by its nationals or from its territory, of technical training, advice, services or assistance related to the provision, manufacture, maintenance or use of the items in subparagraphs (a) (i) and (a) (ii) above;" 3.In accordance with Section 43 of the Merchant Shipping Act, any Singapore registered ship which contravenes the sanctions is liable to have its registration cancelled. 4.Any enquiries relating to this circular may be directed to Mr Wong Kai Cheong at Tel: 63756236 or Ms Emily Sihab at Tel: 63756227.
Topic 4. UN Security Council and Singapore Page 42 Khong Shen Ping Director of Marine Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore

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SINGAPORE LEGAL SYSTEM 2009 PART ONE. INTERNATIONAL LAW AND SINGAPORE LAW Topic 4.

Singapore and the UN Security Council

.D Singapore Implementation of UN Security Council Resolutions on Terrorism

.E Security Council Actions on North Korea

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Singapore Legal System 2009 Law

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.B UNITED NATIONS CHARTER PROVISIONS

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.2 SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1390 OF 16 JANUARY 2002 ON THE SITUATION IN AFGHANISTAN

.D SINGAPORE IMPLEMENTATION OF UN SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTIONS ON TERRORISM .1 MINISTERS STATEMENT 2001

UNITED NATIONS BILL,

.2 UNITED NATIONS ACT 2001 (CAP 339)

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.3 UNITED NATIONS REGULATIONS 2001

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.5 SINGAPORE LEGISLATION TERRORISM CONVENTIONS

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.2 UN SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1874 (2009) NORTH KOREA

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Topic 4 UN Security Council & Singapore