Code No: 07A80805

R07

Set No. 2

IV B.Tech II Semester Examinations,APRIL 2011 OPTIMIZATION OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES Chemical Engineering Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks

1. Mention the essential categories of an optimization problem? Discuss with the help of a chemical process example. [16] 2. Explain the optimal pipe diameter for an incompressible uid with an example. [16] 3. (a) Derive karmarkars LP algorithm using angular projection matrix. (b) What the Karmarkars Algorithm Does? Explain with an example. [8+8]

2 4. (a) Minimize the function f = x1 x2 = 2x2 1 + 2x1 x2 + x2 starting from the 0 1 point X1 = along the direction S = using the quadratic 0 0 interpolation method with an initial step length of 0.1

(b) Dierentiate between cubic interpolation and quadratic interpolation methods. [8+8]

5. A cost function (objective) for the design of a distillation column is given as follows: f = 15250 (100 P ) + 6560R 30.2P R + 6560 30.2P + 19.5n(5000R 23P R + 5000 23P )0 + 23.2(5000R 23P R + 5000 23P )0.62 Where n = number of theoretical stages R = reux ratio P = percent recovery in bottom stream It is reported that the optimum occurs at R = 8, n = 55, and P = 99. Is function f convex at this point? Are there nearby regions where f is not convex? [16] 6. Using the steepest Descent method, minimize f (X ) = (10000x1 x2 1)2 + (exp (x1 ) + exp (x2 ) 1.0001)2 starting at X = 0 1
T

[16]

7. A eld programmable gate array (FPGA) has a nite number of internal switches, each of which can be either on or o. It has an output, taken as a real number, which depends on a xed input, and these switch settings. Programming the chip involves choosing suitable settings for these internal switches. A program can be tested by setting the switches and measuring the output from the xed input; a good program is one in which the measured output is close to a known ideal output. Explain how a genetic algorithm could be used to evolve a good program for an FPGA, indicating briey the processes involved. [16]

Code No: 07A80805

R07

Set No. 2

8. The ow of cooling water on the tube side of shell and tube heat exchanger is used for the shell side condensation of super heated steam and sub-cooling of the condensate. sketch on a temperature enthalpy plot the temperature proles on both sides of the exchanger. Discuss the range of possible cooling water ows and whether the water should ow counter current to the steam, if the exchanger is vertical. [16]

Code No: 07A80805

R07

Set No. 4

IV B.Tech II Semester Examinations,APRIL 2011 OPTIMIZATION OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES Chemical Engineering Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks

1. Check the convexity of the following functions:

2 (a) f (X ) = x2 1 + 4 x1 x2 + x2 + 3 2 2 2 (b) f (X ) = x3 1 + 12x1 x2 + 2x2 + 5x1 + 3x2 2 (c) f (X ) = 2x2 1 + 4 x1 x2 + 2 x2

[16]

2. Does LP admit a polynomial algorithm in the real number (unit cost) model of computation? Explain with suitable example. [16] 3. Find the minimum of f (x) = 0.5 + x5 0.8x on the interval (0, 1) using the cubic search method. [16] 4. We wish to curve t a set of following data with the equation using least-square method. P = Co + C1 e3t + C2 e3t t p 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 1 Calculate C0 , C1 and C2 . [16]

5. Write the pertinent equations required for optimizing the process design of a baed shell-and-tube single-pass counter ow heat exchanger in which the tube uid is in turbulent ow but there is no change of phase of uids in the shell or tubes. [16] 6. Using Newtons method, nd the minimum of the objective function T f (X ) = 4 (x1 5)2 + (x2 6)2 starting at X 0 = 1 1 . [16]

7. Write a comparison of linear and non-linear optimisation methods. You should give a brief indication of typical methodologies in each case (but for just one nonlinear method), and describe the type of problem for which each method is suitable. Comment on performance issues in general, and indicate the performance you would expect from each method, if both methods could be applied to a particular problem. [16]

Code No: 07A80805

R07

Set No. 4

8. The dynamic model of a continuous ow biological chemostat is given by where e, c and s are biomass, metabolic and substrate concentrations in gmol/lit, respectively. The values of rate constants k1 , k2 and k3 are 0.9 lit/mol.h, 0.7 h1 and 0.0, respectively. The limiting feed substrate concentration so =10.0 mol/lit and the parameter = 0.09. The dilution rate D is an independent variable. The objective is to maximize the steady state production of biomass given by f = De. Obtain the steady solution of the system for 0 D 0.6 and plot the responses of e, c, s and f as a function of D. Find the value of D that provides maximum of f. [16]

Code No: 07A80805

R07

Set No. 1

IV B.Tech II Semester Examinations,APRIL 2011 OPTIMIZATION OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES Chemical Engineering Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks

1. Explain the rules to solve LP problem in a simplex method. 2. (a) Explain dierent types of convergences in practice?

[16]

(b) List out the advantages and disadvantages of Newtons method of function minimization. [8+8] 3. (a) Explain the random search and simplex search methods of multivariable optimization.
2 2 (b) Evaluate the gradient of the function f (X ) = (x1 + x2 )3 x3 + x2 3 + x1 + x2 at T the point X = 1 1 1 [8+8]

4. Given the following equilibrium data for the distribution of SO3 in hexane, determine a suitable linear (in the parameters) empirical model to represent the data. [16] xi Pressure (psia) 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 yi Weight fraction of hexane 0.875 0.575 400 290 210 0.156 0.120 0.075

5. Explain the signicance of Genetic Algorithms in Optimizing Simulated Systems. [16] 6. (a) Find whether the following matrix is positive denite, positive semi-denite, negative denite, negative- semi-denite, or none of the above. Show necessary calculations. 1 1 1 A= 1 1 1 0 1 1
2 (b) Check the convexity of the function f (x) = 10x2 1 + 13x2 + 18x1 x2 5 subject 2 to x2 1 + x2 + 4x1 16 Make a graphical representation of the problem. [8+8]

7. Sketch the various reboiler congurations commonly used for distillation columns. Briey discuss the merits of each type. [16] 5

Code No: 07A80805

R07

Set No. 1

8. A homogeneous liquid phase reaction A R, -rA = k, takes place with 50% conversion in a mixed reactor: (a) What will be the conversion if this reactor is replaced by one 6 times as large - all else remaining unchanged? (b) What will be the conversion if the original reactor is replaced by a plug ow reactor of equal size - all else remaining unchanged? [8+8]

Code No: 07A80805

R07

Set No. 3

IV B.Tech II Semester Examinations,APRIL 2011 OPTIMIZATION OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES Chemical Engineering Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks

1. Describe the calculation of the minimum work for ideal compressible adiabatic ow using two dierent optimization techniques. [16] 2. (a) What are the categories into which optimization problems for steady state distillation are classied in general? Discuss briey. (b) With the help of a schematic diagram, formulate the equality constraints for optimal design and operation of a conventional staged distillation column. [8+8] 3. In an experiment, the yield z is dependent on two reactants x and y (in mole percent). The computed yields at 10 data points are given in the following table: Yield z 73 78 85 90 91 87 86 91 75 65 Reactant x Reactant y 20 10 20 10 30 15 40 22 40 22 50 27 50 27 50 27 60 32 70 40

It is proposed to use the following model that maximizes the yield (so as to minimize the least square error): z = ao + a1 x + a2 x 2 + b 1 y + b 2 y 2 Estimate ai and bi from the above data. [16]
2 2 4. (a) Identify the stationary points of the function f (X ) = x3 1 + 12x1 x2 + 5x2 + 2 2x1 + 3x2 and determine if any extreme exists.

(b) Show that f = |x| is convex.

[10+6]

5. Using Newtons method, Minimize : 2 2 2 f (X ) = 1+ x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x1 x2 + x1 x3 + x1 x4 + x2 x3 + x2 x4 + x3 x4 + x2 1 + x2 + x3 + x4 Staring from X 0 = 3 30 4 0.1

T

[16]

Code No: 07A80805

R07

Set No. 3

6. Describe the region of feasible solutions for the following system of inequalities: 2x + y 12 x + 3y 21 x,y 0 For this system of inequalities in Task 1, suppose the objective function is dened as P = 6x + 8y. Find the maximum value for P, and the minimum value for P, subject to the constraints of the region of feasibility. [16] 7. Write the application of GA techniques in process optimization. [16]

8. A function f = (x2 + 1 2x) (x 1)2 is to be minimized. Use cubic interpolation via function and derivative evaluations. Use x1 = 0.25 x2 = 2.0 and for a rst guess. [16]