GATE by RK Kanodiamaths

GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
9.1
LINEAR ALGEBRA
0 1. If A = - 1 2 (A) 0 (C) 2
1 0 -2
-2 3 is a singular matrix, then l is l (B) -2 (D) -1
7. Every diagonal elements of a Hermitian matrix is (A) Purely real (C) Purely imaginary (B) 0 (D) 1
8. Every diagonal element of a SkewHermitian matrix is (A) Purely real (C) Purely imaginary (B) 0 (D) 1
2. If A and B are square matrices of order 4 4 such that A = 5B and A = a B , then a is (A) 5 (C) 625 (B) 25 (D) None of these
9. If A is Hermitian, then iA is (A) Symmetric (B) Skewsymmetric (D) SkewHermitian
3. If A and B are square matrices of the same order such that AB = A and BA = A , then A and B are both (A) Singular (C) Involutory (B) Idempotent (D) None of these
(C) Hermitian
10. If A is SkewHermitian, then iA is (A) Symmetric (C) Hermitian - 1 - 2 11. If A = 2 1 2 -2 (A) A (B) Skewsymmetric (D) SkewHermitian. -2 - 2 , then adj. A is equal to 1 (B) c t (D) 3A
-5 -8 0 4. The matrix, A = 3 5 0 is 1 2 -1 (A) Idempotent (C) Singular (B) Involutory (D) None of these
5. Every diagonal element of a skewsymmetric matrix is (A) 1 (C) Purely real 6. The matrix, A = (A) Orthogonal (C) Unitary
1 2 i 2
(C) 3A t
(B) 0 (D) None of these

i 2
-1 2 12. The inverse of the matrix is 3 -5 5 (A) 3 2 1 5 (B) 2 3 1
1 2
is
(B) Idempotent (D) None of these
-5 -2 (C) -3 -1
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(D) None of these

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UNIT 9
Engineering Mathematics
1 13. Let A = 5 3 4 0 1 (A) -10 2 4 -1 -1 1 (C) -10 -1 0 2 -1
0 2 1 0 0 2 0 0 2
0 0 , then A -1 is equal to 2 0 2 1 (B) -5 1 2 -1 -1 0 0 2
19. The system equations x + y + z = 6, x + 2 y + 3z = 10, x + 2 y + lz = 12 is inconsistent, if l is (A) 3 (C) 0 20. The system of (B) -3 (D) None of these. equations 5 x + 3 y + 7 z = 4,
3 x + 26 y + 2 z = 9, 7 x + 2 y + 10 z = 5 has (A) a unique solution (B) no solution (C) an infinite number of solutions
(D) None of these
2 -1 14. If the rank of the matrix, A = 4 7 1 4 the value of l is (A) -13 (C) 3 (B) 13
3 l is 2, then 5
(D) none of these 21. If A is an nrow square matrix of rank (n - 1), then (A) adj A = 0 (C) adj A = I n 22. The system of (B) adj A 0 (D) None of these equations x - 4 y + 7 z = 14,
(D) None of these
15. Let A and B be nonsingular square matrices of the same order. Consider the following statements. (I) ( AB) T = A TBT (III) adj( AB) = (adj. A)(adj. B) (V) AB = A B Which of the above statements are false ? (A) I, III & IV (C) I & II (B) IV & V (D) All the above 1 -1 3 -2 is 4 -3 (II) ( AB) -1 = B-1 A -1 (IV) r( AB) = r( A)r(B)
3 x + 8 y - 2 z = 13, 7 x - 8 y + 26 z = 5 has (A) a unique solution (B) no solution (C) an infinite number of solution (D) none of these 4 3 23. The eigen values of A = are 9 5 (A) 1 (C) -1, - 1 (B) 1, 1 (D) None of these
2 16. The rank of the matrix A = 0 2 (A) 3 (C) 1 17. The system of (B) 2
2 8 -6 24. The eigen values of A = -6 7 - 4 are 3 2 -4 (A) 0, 3, -15 (C) 0, 3, 15 (B) 0, - 3 , - 15 (D) 0, - 3, 15
(D) None of these equations has 3 x - y + z = 0, a nonzero
15 x - 6 y + 5 z = 0, solution, if l is (A) 6 (C) 2 18. The
lx - 2 y + 2 z = 0 (B) -6 (D) -2
25. If the eigen values of a square matrix be 1, - 2 and 3, then the eigen values of the matrix 2 A are 1 3 (B) 2 , - 4 , 6 (A) , - 1 , 2 2 (C) 1 , - 2, 3 (D) None of these.
system
of
equation
x - 2 y + z = 0,
2 x - y + 3z = 0, lx + y - z = 0 has the trivial solution as the only solution, if l is (A) l (C) l 2

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4 5
26. If A is a nonsingular matrix and the eigen values of A are 2 , 3 , - 3 then the eigen values of A -1 are 1 1 -1 (A) 2 , 3 , - 3 (B) , , 2 3 3 (C) 2 A , 3 A , - 3 A (D) None of these
(B) l =
4 3
(D) None of these
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Linear Algebra
Chap 9.1
27. If -1 , 2 , 3 are the eigen values of a square matrix A then the eigen values of A 2 are (A) -1 , 2 , 3 (C) 1, 2, 3 (B) 1, 4, 9 (D) None of these
cos 2 f cos f sin f B= cos sin sin 2 f f f is a null matrix, then q and f differ by (A) an odd multiple of p (B) an even multiple of p (C) an odd multiple of (D) an even multiple
p 2 p 2
28. If 2 , - 4 are the eigen values of a nonsingular matrix A and A = 4, then the eigen values of adj A are (A)
1 2
, -1
(B) 2 , - 1 (D) 8 , - 16
(C) 2 , - 4
35. If A and B are two matrices such that A + B and AB are both defined, then A and B are (A) both null matrices
29. If 2 and 4 are the eigen values of A then the eigenvalues of A T are (A)
1 2
1 4
(B) 2, 4 (D) None of these
(B) both identity matrices (C) both square matrices of the same order (D) None of these
(C) 4, 16
30. If 1 and 3 are the eigenvalues of a square matrix A then A 3 is equal to (A) 13( A - I 2 ) (C) 12( A - I 2 ) (B) 13A - 12I 2 (D) None of these 0 36. If A = tan
a 2
- tan a 2 0
31. If A is a square matrix of order 3 and A = 2 then A (adj A) is equal to 2 (A) 0 0 1 (C) 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 2 (B) 0 0 0
1 2
cos a - sin a 2 then (I - A ) is equal to a a sin cos (A) I + A (B) I - A (D) I - 2 A - 4 , then for every positive integer -1
0 0 1 2
(C) I + 2 A 3 37. If A = 1
n, A n is equal to (D) None of these 1 + 2 n (A) n 2 5 0 3 9 is 5 1 - 2 n (C) n 4n 1 + 2 n 4n 1 + 2 n 1 + 2 n (B) n - 4n 1 - 2 n
8 32. The sum of the eigenvalues of A = 4 2 equal to (A) 18 (C) 10 (B) 15
(D) None of these
cos a 38. If A a = - sin a statements : I. A a A b = A ab
sin a , then consider the following cos a II. A a A b = A ( a + b) sin n a cos n a sin na cos na
(D) None of these
33. If 1, 2 and 5 are the eigen values of the matrix A then A is equal to (A) 8 (C) 9 34. If the product of matrices cos q cos q sin q A = and 2 cos q sin q sin q
2
(B) 10 (D) None of these
cos n a III. ( A a ) n = n - sin a cos na IV. ( A a ) n = - sin na
Which of the above statements are true ? (A) I and II (C) II and III
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(B) I and IV (D) II and IV

Page 527
UNIT 9
39. If A is a 3-rowed square matrix such that A = 3, then adj (adj A) is equal to : (A) 3A (C) 27A (B) 9A (D) none of these
1 2 0 T 45. If A = , then AA is 3 -1 4 1 3 (A) -1 4 1 2 (C) 1 26 1 0 1 (B) -1 2 3 (D) Undefined
40. If A is a 3-rowed square matrix, then adj (adj A) is equal to (A) A (C) A
6
(B) A (D) A
46. The matrix, that has an inverse is 3 1 (A) 6 2 6 2 (C) 9 3 5 2 (B) 2 1 8 2 (D) 4 1
41. If A is a 3-rowed square matrix such that A = 2, then adj (adj A 2 ) is equal to (A) 2 4 (C) 216 2 x 42. If A = x of x is (A) 1 (C) 1 2 (B) 2 (D) None of these (B) 28 (D) None of these 0 1 and A -1 = x -1 0 , then the value 2
47. The skew symmetric matrix is 0 -2 5 (A) 2 0 6 -5 -6 0 0 1 3 (C) 1 0 5 3 5 0 1 5 2 (B) 6 3 1 2 4 0 0 3 3 (D) 2 0 2 1 1 0
1 2 43. If A = 2 1 then A -1 is 1 1 1 4 (A) 3 2 2 5 2 3 (C) 3 1 2 7 1 -2 (B) -2 1 1 2 (D) Undefined
1 1 1 0 48. If A = and B = 0 , the product of A and B 1 0 1 1 is 1 (A) 0 1 (C) 2 1 0 (B) 0 1 1 0 (D) 0 2 B . The 0
A 49. Matrix D is an orthogonal matrix D = C value of B is 1 (A) 2 (C) 1 1 2
2 -1 1 -2 - 5 44. If A = 1 0 and B = then AB is 0 3 4 3 4 -1 -8 -10 (A) -1 -2 5 15 9 22 -1 -8 -10 (C) 1 -2 -5 15 9 22

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(B)
(D) 0
0 -10 0 (B) -1 -2 -5 0 21 -15 0 -8 -10 (D) 1 -2 -5 9 21 15
50. If A n n is a triangular matrix then det A is (A)
( -1) a
i =1 n
ii
(B)
a
i =1 n
ii
(C)
( -1) a
i =1
ii
(D)
a
i =1
ii
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Linear Algebra
Chap 9.1
t 2 cos t dA 51. If A = t , then dt will be sin e t t 2 sin t (A) t e sin t 2 t - sin t (C) t cos t e 2 t cos t (B) t e sin t (D) Undefined
SOLUTIONS
1. (B) A is singular if A = 0 0 -1 2 1 0 -2 -2 3 =0 l -2 + 2 1 l 0 -2 0 + 0 3 -2 3 = 0 l
52. If A R n n , det A 0, then (A) A is non singular and the rows and columns of A are linearly independent. (B) A is non singular and the rows A are linearly dependent. (C) A is non singular and the A has one zero rows. (D) A is singular.
1 - ( -1) -2
( l - 4) + 2( 3) = 0
l - 4 + 6 =0 l = -2
2. (C) If k is a constant and A is a square matrix of order n n then kA = kn A . A = 5B A = 5B = 5 4 B = 625 B a = 625
************
3. (B) A is singular, if A = 0, A is Idempotent, if A 2 = A A is Involutory, if A 2 = I Now, A 2 = AA = ( AB) A = A( BA) = AB = A and B2 = BB = (BA)B = B( AB) = BA = B A 2 = A and B2 = B, Thus A & B both are Idempotent. -5 -8 4. (B) Since, A = 3 5 1 2
2
0 -5 -8 0 3 5 -1 1 2
0 0 -1
1 0 0 = 0 1 0 = I, 0 0 1
A2 = I
A is involutory.
5. (B) Let A = [ aij ] be a skewsymmetric matrix, then AT = - A , aij = - aij , 2 aii = 0 aii = 0 if i = j then aii = - aii
Thus diagonal elements are zero. 6. (C) A is orthogonal if AA T = I A is unitary if AA Q = I , where A Q is the conjugate transpose of A i.e., A Q = ( A) T . Here, AA Q =
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1 2 i 2
2 1 2 i
1 2 i 2
2 1 = 1 0 2 i
0 = I2 1
Thus A is unitary.
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UNIT 9
7. (A) A square matrix A is said to be Hermitian if A = A. So aij = a ji . If i = j then aii = aii i.e. conjugate of
Q
12. (A) Since A -1 = Now, Here A = -5 Also, adj A = -2 A -1 = 1 -1 -5 -3 -1
1 adj A A 2 - 3 - 1 = -1
T
an element is the element itself and aii is purely real. 8. (C) A square matrix A is said to be Skew-Hermitian if A = - A.
Q
3 -5
If A is SkewHermitian then A = - A
Q
2 1
a ji = - aij , aii + aii = 0
-5 adj A = -3
- 2 -1
if i = j then aii = - aii
it is only possible when aii is purely imaginary. 9. (D) A is Hermitian then A Q = A Now, ( iA) Q = i A Q = - iA Q = - iA, Thus iA is SkewHermitian. 10. (C) A is SkewHermitian then A Q = - A Now, ( iA) Q = i A Q = - ( -A ) = iA then iA is Hermitian.
T 11. (C) If A = [ aij ]n n then det A = [ cij ]n n
- 2 5 = -1 3
13. (A) Since, A -1 = ( iA ) Q = - ( iA ) 1 A =5 3 adj A == A -1 = 0 2 1 4 0 0
1 adj A A
0 0 = 4 0, 2 10 -10 4 0 2 -1 = 10 2 0 2 -1 -1 0 0 2
T
0 0 2
Where cij is the cofactor of aij Also cij = ( -1) i + j M ij , where M ij is the minor of aij , obtained by leaving the row and the column corresponding to aij and then take the determinant of the remaining matrix. 1 Now, M11 = minor of a11 i.e. -1 = -2 -2 1 = -3
4 0 1 10 2 4 -1 -1
14. (B) A matrix A ( m n ) is said to be of rank r if (i) it has at least one nonzero minor of order r , and (ii) all other minors of order greater than r , if any; are zero. The rank of A is denoted by r( A). Now, given that r( A) = 2 minor of order greater than 2 i.e., 3 is zero. 2 -1 Thus A = 4 7 1 4 3 l = 0 5
Similarly 1 2 2 - 2 =-6 = 6 ; M13 = M12 = 1 2 - 2 2 -2 M 21 = -2 -1 M 23 = 2 -2 -1 = - 6 ; M 22 = 1 2 - 2 = 6 ; M 31 - 2 -2 = 1 -2 =3 ; 1 - 2 =6 ; -2 =3 1
2( 35 - 4 l) + 1(20 - l) + 3(16 - 7) = 0, 70 - 8 l + 20 - l + 27 = 0, 9 l = 117 l = 13
-1 - 2 = 6 ; M 33 M 32 = 2 - 2 C13 = ( -1)
1+ 3 2+ 2
-1 - 2 = 2
2+1
C11 = ( -1)1 + 1 M11 = -3; C12 = ( -1)1 + 2 M12 = -6 ; M13 = -6; C21 = ( -1) M 22 = 3; C23 = ( -1) M 21 = 6; M 23 = -6; C22 = ( -1)
2+ 3
15. (A) The correct statements are ( AB) T = BT A T , ( AB) -1 = B-1 A -1 , adj ( AB) = adj (B) adj ( A) r( AB) r( A) r(B), AB = A B Thus statements I, II, and IV are wrong. 16. (B) Since A = 2( -9 + 8) + 2( -2 + 3) = - 2 + 2 = 0 r( A ) < 3
C31 = ( -1) 3+ 1 M 31 = 6; C32 = ( -1) 3+ 2 M 32 = -6 ; C33 = ( -1) 3+ 3 M 33 = 3 C11 det A = C21 C31 C12 C22 C32
T
C13 C23 C33
-1 -2 -2 -3 -6 -6 3 -6 = 3 2 1 -2 = 3A T = 6 3 1 2 -2 6 -6
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2 1 = 6 0 Again, one minor of order 2 is 0 3

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r( A ) = 2
UNIT 9
5 3-l = 0 -5 - l -4 ( 3 - l)( - 5 - l) + 16 = 0 l + 2l + 1 = 0
2
31. (A) Since A(adj A) = A I 3 - 15 + l + 2 l + 16 = 0

2 2
( l + 1) = 0
l = - 1, - 1
1 A(adj A) = 2 0 0
0 1 0
0 2 0 = 0 1 0
0 2 0
0 0 2
Thus eigen values are -1 , - 1 32. (A) Since the sum of the eigenvalues of an nsquare 24. (C) Characteristic equation is A - lI = 0 -6 2 8 -l -6 - 4 7-l =0 -4 3-l 2 l2 - 18 l2 + 45 l = 0 l( l - 3)( l - 15) = 0 l = 0 , 3 , 15 matrix is equal to the trace of the matrix (i.e. sum of the diagonal elements) so, required sum = 8 + 5 + 5 = 18 33. (B) Since the product of the eigenvalues is equal to the determinant of the matrix so A = 1 2 5 = 10 34. (C) cos q cos f cos ( q - f) cos q sin f cos ( q - f) AB = =A cos f sin q cos ( q - f) sin q sin f cos ( q - f) null matrix when cos ( q - f) = 0
n
25. (B) If eigen values of A are l1 , l2 , l3 then the eigen values of kA are kl1 , kl2 , kl3. So the eigen values of 2 A are 2 , - 4 and 6 26. (B) If l1 , l2 ,........, l are the eigen values of a
This happens when ( q - f) is an odd multiple of
nonsingular matrix A, then A -1 has the eigen values 1 1 1 1 1 , , ........, . Thus eigen values of A -1 are , , l1 l2 ln 2 3 -1 . 3 27. (B) If l1 , l2 , ......, l
2 n
p . 2
35. (C) Since A + B is defined, A and B are matrices of the same type, say m n. Also, AB is defined. So, the number of columns in A must be equal to the number of rows in B i.e. n = m. Hence, A and B are square matrices
are the eigen values of a matrix
of the same order. a 1 - tan 2 2 a 2 = 1-t 36. (A) Let tan = t, then, cos a = a 2 t + t2 1 + tan 2 2 and sin a = cos a (I - A ) sin a 1 = - tan a 2 tan 2 tan a 2 = 2t 1 + t2
2 2 , l2 A, then A has the eigen values l1 2 , ........, l n . So,
eigen values of A 2 are 1, 4, 9. 28. (B) If l1 , l2 ,...., l

n
are the eigen values of A then A l1 , A l2 ,......, A l

n
the eigen values adj A are eigenvalues of adj A are
; A 0. Thus
4 -4 , i.e. 2 and-1. 2 4
T
a 1 + tan 2 2 - sin a cos a a 2 1
29. (B) Since, the eigenvalues of A and A are square so the eigenvalues of A T are 2 and 4. 30. (B) Since 1 and 3 are the eigenvalues of A so the characteristic equation of A is ( l - 1) ( l - 3) = 0 l2 - 4 l + 3 = 0 Also, by CayleyHamilton theorem, every square matrix satisfies its own characteristic equation so A 2 - 4 A + 3I 2 = 0 A 2 = 4 A - 3I 2 A 3 = 4 A 2 - 3A = 4( 4 A - 3I) - 3A A 3 = 13A - 12I 2
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cos a sin a
- sin a cos a
1 - t2 t 1 + t 2 1 = -t 1 2 t (1 + t 2 )
-2 t (1 + t 2 ) 1 - t2 1 + t2
a 1 - tan 1 - t 2 = (I + A ) = = a t 1 tan 1 2
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Linear Algebra
Chap 9.1
3 37. (B) A 2 = 1 1 + 2 n = n - 4n
- 4 3 -1 1
- 4 5 = -1 2
- 8 - 3
, where n = 2. 1 - 2 n sin a cos b cos a - sin b sin b cos b
1 3 1 2 0 45. (C) AA = 2 -1 3 -1 4 0 4
T
cos a 38. (D) A a A b = - sin a cos ( a + b) = - sin ( a + b)
(1)( 3) + (2)( -1) + (0)( 4) (1)(1) + (2)(2) + (0)(0) = 1 )( 2 ) ( 4 )( 0 ) ( 3 )( 3) + ( -1)( -1) + ( 4)( 4) ( 3 )( 1 ) + ( + 1 5 = 1 26 46. (B) if A is zero, A -1 does not exist and the matrix A is said to be singular. Only (B) satisfy this condition. 5 2 A = = (5)(1) - (2)(2) = 1 2 1 47. (A) A skew symmetric matrix A n n is a matrix with A T = -A . The matrix of (A) satisfy this condition. 1 1 1 0 (1)(1) + (1)(0) + (0)(1) 1 48. (C) AB = = 0 = 1 0 1 1 (1)(1) + (0)(0) + (1)(1) 2 49. (C) For orthogonal matrix det M = 1 And M -1 = M T , therefore Hence D -1 = D T A C 1 0 -B DT = = D -1 = A -BC B 0 -C 1 -C This implies B = B= B = 1 B -BC Hence B = 1 50. (B) From linear algebra for A n n triangular matrix det A = aii , The product of the diagonal entries of A
i =1 n
sin ( a + b) = Aa+ b cos ( a + b)
Also, it is easy to prove by induction that sin na cos na (A a )n = - sin na cos na 39. (A) We know that adj (adj A) = A Here n = 3 and A = 3. So, adj (adj A) = 3( 3- 2 ) A = 3A. 40. (C) We have adj (adj A) = A
( n -1 ) 2 n -2
A.
Putting n = 3, we get adj (adj A) = A . 41. (C) Let B = adj (adj A 2 ). Then, B is also a 3 3 matrix.
3-1
adj {adj (adj A 2 )} = adj B = B3 = adj (adj A 2 ) = A 2

2 ( 3-1 ) 2 2
=B
[K
A2 = A
= A 16 = 216
2 x 42. (C) x 2 x 0
0 1 x -1
0 1 = 2 0 0 , 1
0 1 1 x= . 2
0 1 = 2 x 0
So, 2 x = 1
43. (D) Inverse matrix is defined for square matrix only. 2 -1 1 -2 -5 44. (C) AB = 1 0 3 4 0 -3 4 (2)(1) + ( -1)( 3) (2)( -2) + ( -1)( 4) (2)( -5) + ( -1)(0) = (1)(1) + (0)( 3) (1)( -2) + (0)( 4) (1)( -5) + (0)(0) ( -3)(1) + ( 4)( 3) ( -3)( -2) + ( 4)( 4) ( -3)( -5) + ( 4)(0) -1 -8 -10 = 1 -2 -5 15 9 -22
d( t 2 ) dA dt 51. (C ) = t dt d( e ) dt
d(cos t) dt = 2 t - sin t d(sin t) et cos t dt
52. (A) If det A 0, then A n n is non-singular, but if A n n is non-singular, then no row can be expressed as a linear combination of any other. Otherwise det A = 0
************
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Page 533
CHAPTER
9.2
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
1. If f ( x) = x 3 - 6 x 2 + 11 x - 6 is on [1, 3], then the point c ] 1, 3 [ such that f ( c) = 0 is given by 1 1 (A) c = 2 (B) c = 2 2 3 (C) c = 2 1 2
p 2
6. A point on the curve y = x - 2 on [2, 3], where the tangent is parallel to the chord joining the end points of the curve is 9 1 (A) , 4 2 7 1 (C) , 4 2 7 1 (B) , 2 4 9 1 (D) , 2 4
(D) None of these
2. Let f ( x) = sin 2 x, 0 x Then, c is equal to p (A) 4 (C) p 6

x 2
p and f ( c) = 0 for c ] 0, 2 [.
p (B) 3 (D) None
7. Let f ( x) = x( x - 1)( x - 2) be defined in [0, 1 ]. Then, the 2 value of c of the mean value theorem is (A) 0.16 (C) 0.24 (B) 0.20 (D) None
3. Let f ( x) = x( x + 3) e , -3 x 0. Let c ] - 3, 0 [ such that f ( c) = 0. Then, the value of c is (A) 3 (C) -2 (B) -3 1 (D) 2
8. Let f ( x) = x 2 - 4 be defined in [2, 4]. Then, the value of c of the mean value theorem is (A) - 6 (C) 3 (B) 6
(D) 2 3
4. If Rolles theorem holds for f ( x) = x 3 - 6 x 2 + kx + 5 on 1 , the value of k is [1, 3] with c = 2 + 3 (A) -3 (B) 3 (C) 7 (D) 11
9. Let f ( x) = e x in [0, 1]. Then, the value of c of the mean-value theorem is (A) 0.5 (C) log ( e - 1) (B) ( e - 1) (D) None
5. A point on the parabola y = ( x - 3) 2 , where the tangent is parallel to the chord joining A (3, 0) and B (4, 1) is (A) (7, 1) 7 1 (C) , 2 4
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10. At what point on the curve y = (cos x - 1) in ]0, 2 p[ , is the tangent parallel to x axis ? p (A) , - 1 2 2 p -3 (C) , 3 2
3 1 (B) , 2 4 1 1 (D) - , 2 2
(B) ( p, - 2)
(D) None of these
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Differential Calculus
Chap 9.2
11. log sin ( x + h) when expanded in Taylors series, is equal to (A) log sin x + h cot x (B) log sin x + h cot x + (C) log sin x - h cot x + (D) None of these p 12. sin x when expanded in powers of x - is 2 2 3 2 p p p x- x- x- 2 2 2 (A) 1 + +K + + 2! 3! 4! p p x- x- 2 2 (B) 1 -K + 2! 4! p p x- x- 2 2 p (C) x - + + +K ! ! 2 3 5
2 3 5 2 2
16. If u = tan -1 (A) 2 cos 2 u (C) 1 tan u 4
x+ y , then x u + y u equals y x x+ y (B) 1 sin 2 u 4
1 2 h cosec2 x + K 2 1 2 h sec 2 x + K 2 1 2 h cosec2 x + K 2
(D) 2 tan 2 u x 3 + y 3 + x 2 y - xy 2 , then the value of x 2 - xy + y 2
17. If u = tan -1 x u u is +y x y 1 sin 2 u 2
(A)
(B) sin 2 u (D) 0
(C) sin u
y y 18. If u = f + xy , then the value of x x x2 (A) 0 (C) 2 u 2u 2u 2u + 2 xy + y 2 2 , is 2 dx dx dy y (B) u (D) -u dz is given dt
(D) None of these p 13. tan + x when expanded in Taylors series, gives 4 4 2 (A) 1 + x + x + x 3 + K 3 (B) 1 + 2 x + 2 x 2 + (C) 1 + 8 3 x +... 3 19. If z = e x sin y, x = log e t and y = t 2 , then by the expression (A) (C) ex (sin y - 2 t 2 cos y) t ex (cos y + 2 t 2 sin y) t (B) (D)
ex (sin y + 2 t 2 cos y) t ex (cos y - 2 t 2 sin y) t
x2 x4 + +K 2! 4!
20. If z = z( u, v) , u = x 2 - 2 xy - y 2 , v = a, then (A) ( x + y) (C) ( x + y) z z = ( x - y) x y z z = ( y - x) x y (B) ( x - y) (D) ( y - x) z z = ( x + y) x y z z = ( x + y) x y
(D) None of these 3u 14. If u = e , then is equal to x y z

xyz
(A) e xyz [1 + xyz + 3 x 2 y 2 z 2 ] (B) e (C) e

xyz xyz
21. If f ( x, y) = 0, f( y, z) = 0, then (A) (C) f f f f dz = y z x y dx f f dz f f = y z dx x y (B) f f f f dz = y z x x dx
[1 + xyz + x y z ]
3 3 3 2
[1 + 3 xyz + x y z ]
2 2
(D) e xyz [1 + 3 xyz + x 3 y 3z 3 ] 15. If z = f ( x + ay) + f( x - ay), then (A) z z = a2 2 x 2 y

2 2
(D) None of these
22. If z = x 2 + y 2 and x 3 + y 3 + 3 axy = 5 a 2 , then at

2 2
(B)
z z = a2 2 y 2 x 2z 2z = - a2 2 2 x y
x = a, y = a, (A) 2 a (C) 2 a 2
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dz is equal to dx (B) 0 (D) a 3

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(C)
2z 1 2z =- 2 2 y a x 2
(D)
UNIT 9
23. If x = r cos q, y = r sin q where r and q are the functions of x, then (A) r cos q (C) r cos q dx is equal to dt (B) cos q dr dq - r sin q dt dt dr dq - sin q dt dt
2 y 2u y 30. If u = x n -1 yf , then x 2 + y is equal to y x x x (A) nu (C) ( n - 1) u x (B) n( n - 1) u (D) ( n - 1) u y
dr dq - r sin q dt dt dr dq + sin q dt dt
2
(D) r cos q
31. Match the ListI with ListII. ListI x2 y 2u 2u then x 2 + y x+ y x x y

1 1
24. If r 2 = x 2 + y 2 , then r 2 r 2 (A) r 2 + x y (C) r 1 r + 2 y r x

2 2
r r is equal to + dx 2 y 2
2
(i) If u =
r 2 r 2 (B) 2 r 2 + x y (D) None of these 2q 2q + x 2 y 2
(ii) If u =
x2 - y2
1 1
then x 2
x4 + y4
1 1
2 2u 2u 2 u + 2 xy + y x 2 x y y 2
(iii) If u = x 2 + y 2 then x 2
2u 2u 2u + y2 + 2 xy 2 y 2 x y x
25. If x = r cos q, y = r sin q, then the value of is (A) 0 (C) r x (B) 1 (D) r y
u u y (iv) If u = f then x +y y x x ListII (1) (3) 0 3 u 16 (2) u x 1 u 4
26. If u = x m y n , then (A) du = mx m -1 y n + nx m y n -1 (C) udu = mxdx + nydy (B) du = mdx + ndy (D) du dx dy =m +n u x y d y is equal dx 2
2
(4) -
Correct match is (I) (A) (B) (C) (D) 1 2 2 1 (II) 2 1 1 2 (III) 3 4 3 4 (IV) 4 3 4 3
27. If y 3 - 3ax 2 + x 3 = 0, then the value of to (A) (C) a2 x2 y5 2 a2 x4 y5 y , then x (B) dz = (D) dz = (B) 2 a2 x2 y5 2 a2 x2 y5
32. If an error of 1% is made in measuring the major and minor axes of an ellipse, then the percentage error in the area is approximately equal to (A) 1% (C) p% (B) 2% (D) 4%
(D) -
28. z = tan -1 (A) dz = (C) dz =
xdy - ydx x2 + y2 xdx - ydy x2 + y2
xdy + ydx x2 + y2 xdx - ydy x2 + y2
33. Consider the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) given below: u u y Assertion (A): If u = xyf , then x +y = 2u x y x Reason (R): Given function u is homogeneous of degree 2 in x and y. Of these statements (A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
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29. If u = log (A) 0 (C) u

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x2 + y2 u u , then x is equal to +y x+ y x y (B) 1 (D) eu
Chap 9.2
(B) Both A and R are true and R is not a correct explanation of A (C) A is true but R is false (D) A is false but R is true 34. If u = x log xy, where x 3 + y 3 + 3 xy = 1, then equal to (A) (1 + log xy) (B) (1 + log xy) (C) (1 - log xy) x x2 + y 2 y y + x y y + x 2 x x + y
2
41. If a < 0, then f ( x) = e ax + e - ax is decreasing for (A) x > 0 (C) x > 1 (B) x < 0 (D) x < 1
42. f ( x) = x 2 e - x is increasing in the interval du is dx (A) ] -, [ (C) ] 2, [ (B) ] -2, 0 [ (D) ] 0, 2 [
43. The least value of a for which f ( x) = x 2 + ax + 1 is increasing on ] 1, 2, [ is (A) 2 (C) 1 (B) -2 (D) -1
x x + y 2 y y + x
2
44. The minimum distance from the point (4, 2) to the parabola y 2 = 8 x, is (A) (C) 2 2 (B) 2 2 (D) 3 2
y y2 + x (D) (1 - log xy) - 2 x x + y z z y 35. If z = xyf , then x is equal to +y x y x (A) z (B) 2 z (C) xz (D) yz
45. The co-ordinates of the point on the parabola y = x 2 + 7 x + 2 which is closest to the straight line y = 3 x - 3, are (A) (-2, -8) (C) (-2, 0) (B) (2, -8) (D) None of these
36. f ( x) = 2 x 3 - 15 x 2 + 36 x + 1 is increasing in the interval (A) ] 2, 3 [ (C) ] -, 2 [ ] 3, 37. f ( x) = (B) ] -, 3 [ (D) None of these
46. The shortest distance of the point (0, c), where 0 c < 5, from the parabola y = x 2 is (A) (C) 4c + 1 4c - 1 2 (B) 4c + 1 2
x is increasing in the interval ( x 2 + 1) (B) ] -1, 1 [ (D) None of these
(A) ] -, - 1 [ ] 1, [ (C) ] -1, [
(D) None of these

x
38. f ( x) = x 4 - 2 x 2 is decreasing in the interval (A) ] -, -1 [ ] 0, 1 [ (C) ] -, -1 [ ] 1, [ (B) ] -1, 1 [ (D) None of these
1 47. The maximum value of is x (A) e 1 (C) e

e
(B) e
1 e
(D) None of these
39. f ( x) = x 9 + 3 x 7 + 6 is increasing for (A) all positive real values of x (B) all negative real values of x (C) all non-zero real values of x (D) None of these 40. If f ( x) = kx 3 - 9 x 2 + 9 x + 3 is increasing in each interval, then (A) k < 3 (C) k > 3 (B) k 3 (D) k 3
250 48. The minimum value of x 2 + is x (A) 75 (C) 25 (B) 50 (D) 0
49. The maximum value of f ( x) = (1 + cos x) sin x is (A) 3 (C) 4 (B) 3 3 (D) 3 3 4
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UNIT 9
50. The greatest value of f ( x) = sin 2 x p sin x + 4
SOLUTIONS
1. (B) A polynomial function is continuous as well as differentiable. So, the given function is continuous and differentiable.
(A) (C) 1
p on the interval [0, 2 ] is 1
(B)
f (1) = 0 and f ( 3) = 0. So, f (1) = f ( 3). By Rolles theorem Ec such that f ( c) = 0. Now, f ( x) = 3 x 2 - 12 x + 11 f ( c) = 3c 2 - 12 c + 11. 3c 2 - 12 c + 11 = 0 1 c = 2 . 3 Now, f ( c) = 0
(D) - 2
51. If y = a log x + bx 2 + x has its extremum values at x = -1 and x = 2, then 1 (A) a = - , b = 2 2 (C) a = 2, b = 1 2 of (B) a = 2, b = -1 (D) None of these
2. (A) Since the sine function is continuous at each the point on the curve p x R, so f ( x) = sin 2 x is continuous in 0, . 2 Also, f ( x) = 2 cos 2 x, which clearly exists for all p p x ]0, [ .So, f ( x) is differentiable in x ]0, [. 2 2
52.
The
co-ordinates
4 x 2 + 5 y 2 = 20 that is farthest from the point (0, -2) are (A) ( 5 , 0) (C) (0, 2) (B) ( 6 , 0) (D) None of these
p 53. For what value of x 0 x , the function 2 x has a maxima ? y= (1 + tan x) (A) tan x (C) cot x (B) 0 (D) cos x
p Also, f (0) = f = 0. By Rolles theorem, there exists 2 p c ]0, [ such that f ( c) = 0. 2 2 cos 2 c = 0 2c = p 2 c= p . 4
3. (C) Since a polynomial function as well as an exponential function is continuous and the product of two continuous functions is continuous, so f ( x) is
*************
continuous in [-3, 0]. f ( x) = (2 x + 3) e

x 2
- x + 6 - x2 1 -2 2 e ( x + 3 x) = e 2 2 2
which clearly exists for all x ] - 3, 0 [. f ( x) is differentiable in ] -3, 0 [. Also, f ( -3) = f (0) = 0. By Rolles theorem c ] -3, 0 [ such that f ( c) = 0. Now, f ( c) = 0
- c + 6 - c2 e 2 =0 2 c
c + 6 - c 2 = 0 i.e. c 2 - c - 6 = 0 ( c + 2) ( 3 - c) = 0 c = -2, c = 3. Hence, c = -2 ] -3, 0 [ . 4. (D) f ( x) = 3c 2 - 12 x + k f ( c) = 0

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3c 2 - 12 c + k = 0
UNIT 9
p p p f = 1, f = 0, f = -1, 2 2 2 p p f = 0, f = 1, .... 2 2 13. (B) Let f ( x) = tan x Then,

2 3 p x p p x p p f + f +... f + x = f + xf + 4 3! 4 4 2! 4 4
x sec 2 u x
u 1 u = tan u + y sec 2 u y 2 x
u 1 u 1 +y = sin u cos u = sin 2 u x 4 y 2 x 3 + y 3 + x 2 y - xy 2 = f (say) x 2 - xy + y 2
17. (A) Here tan u =
f ( x) = sec , f ( x) = 2sec x tan x,

2 2
f ( x) = 2sec 4 x + 4sec 2 x tan 2 x etc. Now, p p p p f = 1, f = 2, f = 4, f = 16, ... 4 4 4 4 x2 x3 p Thus tan + x = 1 + 2 x + 4 + 16 + K 2 6 4 8 = 1 + 2 x + 2 x + x3 + K 3

2
Which is homogeneous of degree 1 f f Thus x +y = f x y As above question number 16 x f u 1 +y = sin 2 u x y 2
y y 18. (A) Let v = f and w = xY x x Then u = v + w Now v is homogeneous of degree zero and w is homogeneous of degree one
14. (C) Here u = e xyz
u = exyz yz x
x2
2 2v 2v 2 v 2 + + = 0....(1) xy y x 2 x y y 2
2u = ze xyz + yzexyz xz = e xyz ( z + xyz 2 ) xy 3u = e xyz (1 + 2 xyz) + ( z + xyz 2 ) e xyz xy x y z = e xyz (1 + 3 xyz + x 2 y 2 z 2 ) 15. (B) z = f ( x + ay) + f( x - ay) z = f ( x + ay) + f ( x - ay) x z = f ( x + ay) + f( x - ay)....(1) dx 2 z = af ( x + ay) - af ( x - ay) y
2
and x 2
2w 2w 2w = 0....(2) + y2 + 2 xy 2 y 2 x y x
Adding (1) and (2), we get x2

2 2 2 2 v w 2 xy v w y + + + + ( ) ( ) ( v + w) = 0 x 2 x y y 2
x2
2u 2u 2u + 2 xy + y2 2 = 0 2 x x y y
19. (B) z = e x sin y
z = ex sin y x z dx 1 And = = e x cos y, x = log e t dt t y And y = t 2 dy = 2t dt dz z dx z dy = + dt x dt y dt ex 1 + e x cos y 2 t = (sin y + 2 t 2 cos y) t t
z = a 2 f ( x + ay) + a 2 f( x - ay)....(2) y 2
2
Hence from (1) and (2), we get
2z 2z = a2 2 2 y x
= e x sin y
16. (B) u = tan -1 tan u = x+ y x+
x+ y x+ y
20. (C) Given that z = z( u, v), u = x 2 - 2 xy - y 2 , v = a....(i) z z u z v = + ....(ii) x u x v x z z u z v and = + ....(iii) y u y v y From (i), u u v v =2x -2y , = -2 x - 2 y, = 0, =0 x y x y
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= f (say)
Which is a homogeneous equation of degree 1/2 f f 1 By Eulers theorem. x +y = f x y 2

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(tan u) (tan u) 1 +y = tan u x y 2
Chap 9.2
Substituting these values in (ii) and (iii) z z z (2 x - 2 y) + 0....(iv) = v x u and z z z = ( -2 x - 2 y) + 0....(v) y u v z z = ( y - x) x y
24. (C) r 2 = x 2 + y 2 and
r r = 2 x and =2y x y 2r 2r + =2 + 2 + 4 x 2 y 2
2r 2r = 2 and =2 2 x y 2
2 2
From (iv) and (v), we get ( x + y)
r r 2 2 2 and + y = 4 x + 4 y = 4r x
2 2 r 2r 2 y 1 r + = + y x 2 y 2 r 2 x
21. (C) Given that f ( x, y) = 0, f( y, z) = 0 These are implicit functions f dy = - x , f dx y f dz y =f dy z
25. (A) x = r cos q , and tan q = y x
y = r sin q y q = tan -1 x
1 -y q -y = 2 = 2 2 x 1 + ( y x) x x + y 2 2q -2 xy = x 2 ( x 2 + y 2 ) 2 2q 2 xy 2q 2q and = 2 + =0 2 2 2 y (x + y ) x 2 y 2
f f dy dz x y = dx dy f f y z or, f f dz f f = y z dx x y
2 2
Similarly
26. (D) Given that u = x m y n Taking logarithm of both sides, we get log u = m log x + n log y Differentiating with respect to x, we get 1 du 1 1 dy du dx dy or, = m + n =m + n u dx x y dx u x y 1 x + y2
2
22. (B) Given that z = x + y and x + y + 3axy = 5 a ...(i) dz z z dy ....(ii) + = dx x y dx

3 3 2
from (i),
2
z 1 z = 2x , = 2 2 x 2 x + y y 2
2
2y
27. (D) Given that f ( x, y) = y 3 - 3ax 2 + x 3 = 0 fx = - 6 ax + 3 x 2 , f y = 3 y 2 , fxx = - 6 a + 6 x , f yy = 6 y , fxy = 0 fxx ( f y) 2 - 2 fx f y fxy + f yy( fx ) 2 d2 y =- 2 ( f y) 3 dx ( 6 x - 6 a( 3 y 2 ) 2 - 0 + 6 y( 3 x 2 - 6 ax) 2 = - (3 y2 )3 2 = - 5 ( -ax 3 - ay 3 + 4 a 2 x 2 ) y ===2 [ -a( a 3 + y 3) + 4 a 2 x 2 ] y5 2 [ -a( 3ax 2 ) + 4 a 2 x 2 ] [ \ x 3 + y 3 - 3ax 2 = 0] y5 2 a2 x2 y5 y ....(i) x
dy dy and 3 x + 3 y + 3ax + 3ay.1 = 0 dx dx x 2 + ay dy = - y 2 + ax dx x 2 + ay - 2 x 2 + y 2 y + ax y a 2 + aa =0 - 2 a 2 + a 2 a + a. a a
Substituting these value in (ii), we get dz = dx x x2 + y2 +
a dz = + 2 dx ( a , a ) a + a2
23. (B) Given that x = r cos q, y = r sin q....(i) dx x dr x dq = + ....(ii) dt r dt q dt From (i), x x = cos q, = - r sin q r q
Substituting these values in (ii), we get dx dr dq = cos q - r sin q dt dt dt
28. (A) Given that z = tan -1
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UNIT 9
dz z z dy ....(ii) + = dx x y dx From (i) z = x -y -y 2 = 2 + y2 x x y 1+ x 1

2
In (c) u = x1 2 + y1 2 It is a homogeneous function of 1 degree . 2 x2 = 2u 2u 2u + 2 xy + y2 = n( n - 1) u 2 x x dy y 2
z = y
x 1 = 2 2 y x x + y 1+ x 1
2
1 1 1 - 1 u = - u 2 2 4
Substituting these in (ii), we get xdy - ydx dz x dy -y , dz = = + x2 + y2 dx x 2 + y 2 x 2 + y 2 dx 29. (B) u = log x2 + y2 x2 + y2 , eu = = f (say) x+ y x+ y e u e u = eu +y x y x
y In (d)u = f It is a homogeneous function of degree x zero. u u x +y = 0. u = 0 x y Hence correct match is a 2 b 1 c 3 d 4
f is a homogeneous function of degree one f f = f +y x y x
32. (B) Let 2 a and 2 b be the major and minor axes of the ellipse Area A = pab log A = log p + log a + log b (log A) = (log p) + (log a) + (log b) A a b =0 + + A a b 100 100 100 A = a + b A a b 100 100 But it is given that a = 1, and b = 1 a b 100 A = 1 + 1 = 2 A Thus percentage error in A =2% y 33. (A) Given that u = xyf . Since it is a homogeneous x function of degree 2. By Eulers theorem x Thus x u u = 2u +y y x u u +y = nu (where n = 2) x y
u u or xe u = eu + ye u y x or, x u u =1 +y y x
y 30. (C) Given that u = x n -1 yf . x It is a homogeneous function of degree n u u Eulers theorem x +y = nu x y Differentiating partially w.r.t. x, we get x 2 u u 2u n u + + y = 2 x x y x x x 2u 2u u +y = ( n - 1) 2 x y x x
x2 y It is a homogeneous function of 31. (B) In (a) u = x+ y degree 2. u u 2u 2u (as in question 30) = = ( n - 1) x 2 +y x x x y x In (b) u = x1 2 - y1 2 . It is a homogeneous function of x1 4 + y1 4
34. (A) Given that u = x log xy....(i) x 3 + y 3 + 3 xy = 1....(ii) u u u dy we know that ....(ii) = + x x y dx From (i) and 1 u = x y + log xy = 1 + log xy xy x
1 1 1 degree - = 2 4 4 x2 =
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2u 2u 2u + 2 xy + y 2 2 = n( n - 1) u 2 x x y y
1 1 3 u - 1 u = 4 4 16
x u 1 = x x= y y xy
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Chap 9.2
From (ii), we get 3 x2 + 3 y2 dy dy + 3 x + y 1 = 0 dx dx x + y dy = - y2 + x dx

2
Now, D = (2 t 2 - 4) 2 + ( 4 t - 2) 2 is minimum when E = (2 t 2 - 4) 2 + ( 4 t - 2) 2 is minimum. Now, E = 4 t 4 - 16 t + 20 dE = 16 t 3 - 16 = 16 ( t - 1) ( t 2 + t + 1) dt dE =0 t =1 dt d2 E d2 E 2 . So, t = 48 = 48 > 0. dt 2 dt 2 ( t =1 ) So, t = 1 is a point of minima. Thus Minimum distance = (2 - 4) 2 + ( 4 - 2) 2 = 2 2 .
Substituting these in (A), we get x x 2 + y du = (1 + log xy) + - 2 y dx y + x 35. (B) The given function is homogeneous of degree 2. z z Eulers theorem x = 2z +y y x 36. (C) f ( x) = 6 x - 30 x + 36 = 6( x - 2)( x - 3)
2
Clearly, f ( x) > 0 when x < 2 and also when x > 3. f ( x) is increasing in ] -, 2 [ ] 3, [. 37. (B) f ( x) = ( x + 1) - 2 x 1- x = 2 ( x 2 + 1) 2 ( x + 1) 2
2 2 2
45. (A) Let the required point be P ( x, y). Then, perpendicular distance of P ( x, y) from y - 3 x + 3 = 0 is p= = y - 3x + 3 10 = = x2 + 7 x + 2 - 3 x + 3 10 ( x + 2) 2 + 1 10
2
Clearly, ( x 2 + 1) 2 > 0 for all x. So, f ( x) > 0 (1 - x 2 ) > 0 (1 - x) (1 + x) > 0
x2 + 4 x + 5 10
or p =
( x + 2) 2 + 1 10
So,
This happens when -1 < x < 1. So, f ( x) is increasing in ] -1, 1 [. 38. (A) f ( x) = 4 x 3 - 4 x = 4 x( x - 1)( x + 1). Clearly, f ( x) < 0 when x < - 1 and also when x > 1. Sol. f ( x) is decreasing in ] -, -1 [ ] 1, [. 39.(C) f ( x) = 9 x8 + 21 x6 > 0 for all non-zero real values of x. 40. (C) f ( x) = 3kx - 18 x + 9 = 3 [ kx - 6 x + 3]
2 2
dp 2 ( x + 2) d p 2 and = = 2 dx dx 10 10 d2 p > 0. x = -2, Also, dx 2 x = -2
dp =0 dx
So, x = -2 is a point of minima. When x = -2, we get y = ( -2) 2 + 7 ( -2) + 2 = -8. The required point is ( -2, - 8). 46. (C) Let A (0, c) be the given point and P ( x, y) be any point on y = x 2 . D = x 2 + ( y - c) 2 is shortest when E = x 2 + ( y - c) 2 is shortest. Now, E = x 2 + ( y - c) 2 = y + ( y - c) 2 E = y 2 + y - 2 cy + c2 dE d2 E = 2 > 0. = 2 y + 1 - 2 c and dy dy 2 dE =0 dy 1 y =c - 2
This is positive when k > 0 and 36 - 12 k < 0 or k > 3. 41. (A) f ( x) = ( e ax + e - ax ) = 2 cosh ax. f ( x) = 2 a sinh ax < 0 When x > 0 because a < 0 42. (D) f ( x) = - x 2 e - x + 2 xe - x = e - x x(2 - x). Clearly, f ( x) > 0 when x > 0 and x < 2. 43. (B) f ( x) = (2 x + a) 1 < x <2 2 <2x < 4 2 + a <2x + a < 4 + a (2 + a) < f ( x) < ( 4 + a).
1 Thus E minimum, when y = c - 2 1 1 Also, D = c - + c - - c 2 2 = c1 4c - 1 = 4 2

2
1 2 . .. x = y = c - 2
For f ( x) increasing, we have f ( x) > 0. \ 2 + a 0 or a - 2. So, least value of a is -2. 44. (B) Let the point closest to (4, 2) be (2 t 2 , 4).
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UNIT 9
1 47. (B) Let y = then, y = x - x x dy = - x - x (1 + log x) dx
51. (C)
dy a = + 2 bx + 1 dx x - a - 2b + 1 = 0 a + 4b + 1 = 0 2 1 and a = 2. 2 a + 2 b = 1....(i)
dy =0 ( x = -1 ) dx dy =0 dx (x = 2 ) x= 1 e
1 d2 y = x - x (1 + log x) 2 - x - x 2 dx x dy =0 1 + log x = 0 dx d y 1 dx 2 1 = - e x =
2 e 1 -1 e
a + 8 b = -2....(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii) we get b = -
< 0. 52. (C) The given curve is ellipse.
So, x =
1 is a point of maxima. Maximum value = e1 e . e 250 500 and f ( x) = 2 + 3 x2 x 250 =0 x2 x = 5.
x2 y2 + = 1 which is an 5 4
Let the required point be ( 5 cos f , 2 sin f). Then, D = ( 5 cos f - 0) 2 + (2 sin f + 2) 2 is maximum when z = D 2 is maximum z = 5 cos 2 f + 4 (1 + sin f) 2 dz = -10 cos f sin f + 8(1 + sin f) cos f df dz =0 df x = p 3 or 2 cos f ( 4 - sin f) = 0 p f= . 2 d 2z = -2 cos 2 f - 8 sin f df2
48. (A) f ( x) = 2 x f ( x) = 0 2x -
f (5) = 6 > 0. So, x = 5 is a point of minima. 250 Thus minimum value = 25 + = 75. 5 49. (D) f ( x) = (2 cos x - 1)(cos x + 1) and f ( x) = - sin x(1 + 4 cos x). 1 or cos x = -1 f ( x) = 0 cos x = 2 x = p. p -3 3 f = < 0. So, x = p 3 is a point of maxima. 2 3 p p 3 3 . Maximum value = sin 1 + cos = 3 3 4 50. (C) f ( x) = 2 sin x cos x sin x + cos x 2 = 2 2 2 2 (say), = (sec x + cosec x) z
cos f = 0
dz = - sin 2 f + 8 cos f df when f = p d 2z , < 0. 2 df2
p z is maximum when f = . So, the required point is 2 p p 5 cos , sin i.e. (0, 2). 2 2 53. (D) Let z = Then, 1 + tan x 1 tan x = + x x x
where z = (sec x + cosec x). dz cos x = sec x tan x - cosec x cot x = (tan 3 x - 1). dx sin 2 x dz =0 dx Sign of tan x = 1 x= p p in 0, . 4 2
dz 1 d 2z 2 = + 2sec2 x tan x = - 2 + sec 2 x and dx x dx 2 x 3 dz 1 x = cos x. =0 - 2 + sec 2 x = 0 x dx
d 2z = 2 cos 3 x + 2sec2 x tan x > 0. dx 2 x = cos x Thus z has a minima and therefore y has a maxima at x = cos x.
dz changes from -ve to + ve when x passes dx
through the point p 4. So, z is minimum at x = p 4 and therefore, f ( x) is maximum at x = p 4. Maximum value =
Page 544 ************
2 2 = 1. [sec( p 4) + cosec ( p 4)]

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CHAPTER
9.3
INTEGRAL CALCULUS
1.
x dx is equal to +1 (B) log ( x 2 + 1) (D) 2 tan -1 x
5.
1 + 3 sin
1 2 1 2
dx
is equal to (B) 2 tan -1 (tan x) (D) 2 tan -1 ( 1 tan x) 2
(A)
1 log ( x 2 + 1) 2 x 2 1 , log a
(A) (C) 6.
tan -1 (tan x) tan -1 (2 tan x)
(C) tan -1
3 sin x + 4 cos x dx is equal to

9 1 x+ log( 3 sin x + 4 cos x) 25 25 18 2 x+ log( 3 sin x + 4 cos x) 25 25 18 1 x+ log( 3 sin x + 4 cos x) 25 25
2 sin x + 3 cos x
2. If F ( a) = to
a > 1 and F ( x) = a 2 dx + K is equal
(A) (B) (C)
1 (A) ( a x - a a + 1) log a (C) 1 ( a x + a a + 1) log a
1 (B) (ax - aa) log a (D) 1 ( a x + a a - 1) log a
(D) None of these 7.
3.
dx 1 + sin x is equal to (B) cot x + cosec x + c (D) tan x + sec x + c
3 + 8 x - 3 x 2 dx is equal to 3x - 4 3 3 3 + 8 x - 3 x2 3x - 4 sin -1 18 3 5 25
(A) (A) - cot x + cosec x + c (C) tan x - sec x + c 4.
(B) (C)
3x - 4 25 3 3x - 4 sin -1 3 + 8 x - 3 x2 + 6 18 5 3x - 4 6 3 3 + 8 x - 3 x2 3x - 4 sin -1 18 3 5 25
2x
( 3 x + 1) dx is equal to 2 -2x + 3
2x -1 3 5 (A) log (2 x 2 - 2 x + 3) + tan -1 5 4 2 (B) 2x -1 4 log (2 x 2 - 2 x + 3) + 5 tan -1 5 3
dx 2 x + 3x + 4
2
is equal to (B) 1 2 sinh -1 4x + 3 23
2x -1 4 2 (C) log (2 x 2 - 2 x + 3) + tan -1 5 3 5 2x -1 3 2 (D) log (2 x 2 - 2 x + 3) + tan -1 5 4 5
(A) (C)
1 2 1 2
sin -1
4x + 3 23 4x + 3 23
cosh -1
(D) None of these
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Page 545
UNIT 9
9.
2x + 3 x + x+1
2
dx is equal to 2x + 1 3 3 2x + 1 3 2x + 1 3
15.
1+ x + x
1 2 1 4 1 2
dx
+ x3
is equal to x x x
(A) 2 x 2 + x + 1 + 2 sinh -1 (B) x 2 + x + 1 + 2 sinh -1
(A)
( x + 1) 2 -1 log x 2 + 1 + tan
2x + 1
(B)
( x + 1) 2 log + 2 tan -1 x2 + 1 ( x + 1) 2 -1 log x 2 + 1 - 2 tan
(C) 2 x 2 + x + 1 + sinh -1 (D) 2 x 2 + x + 1 - sinh -1
(C)
10. (A)
dx x - x2
is equal to (B) sin -1 (2 x - 1) + c (D) tan -1 (2 x - 1) + c dx is equal to 1 2 cosh -1 1 + x 2 1 2 cosh -1 1 + x 2
1 - sin x dx
sin x
is equal to (B) - x + sec x + tan x (D) - x - sec x - tan x
(A) - x + sec x + tan x + k (C) - x + sec x - tan x 17.

x
x - x2 + c
(C) log (2 x - 1) + c 11.
( x + 1)
1 1 - 2 x - x2
(A) e f ( x)
x
e { f ( x) + f ( x)} dx is equal to
(B) e x f ( x) (D) None of these
(C) e x + f ( x) 18. The value of (A) e x tan x +c 2

x
(A)
2 2 cosh -1 1 + x
(B)
e 1 + cos x dx is
(B) e x cot x +c 2 (D) e x cot x + c
1 + sin x
2 (C) - 2 cosh -1 1 + x 12. (A)
(D) -
(C) e x tan x + c 19.
sin x + cos x
1 2 1
dx
is equal to (B) 1 2 1 x p log tan + 2 6
p log tan x + 4
x3 dx is equal to +1
(A) x 2 + log ( x 2 + 1) + c (B) log ( x 2 + 1) - x 2 + c (C) (D) 1 2 1 x - log ( x 2 + 1) + c 2 2 1 2 1 x + log( x 2 + 1) + c 2 2
(C)
x p log tan + 2 2 8 dx
(D)
x p log tan + 2 4 4
13.
sin( x - a) sin( x - b)
is equal to
(A) sin( x - a) log sin( x - b) x -a (B) log sin x -b sin( x - a) (C) sin( a - b) log sin( x - b) sin( x - a) 1 (D) log sin( a - b) sin( x - b) 14. dx ex - 1 is equal to (B) log (1 - e x ) (D) log (1 - e )
x
20. sin -1 x dx is equal to (A) x sin -1 x + 1 - x 2 + c (C) x sin -1 x + 1 + x 2 + c 21. (B) x sin -1 x - 1 - x 2 + c (D) x sin -1 x - 1 - x 2 + c
sin x + cos x 1 + sin 2 x
dx is equal to (B) x (D) tan x
(A) sin x (C) cos x 22. The value of (A) -1/2 (C) 1/2
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(A) log ( e x - 1) (C) log ( e

Page 546
-x
5 x - 3 dx is
0
(B) 13/10 (D) 23/10
- 1)
UNIT 9
39. (A) (C)
(x
0 x
+ y 2 ) dydx is equal to (B) 3 35
7 60 4 49
46. The area bounded by the curve r = q cos q and the p is given by 2 p p2 p p2 (B) (A) - 1 1 4 16 16 6 lines q = 0 and q = (C) p 16 p2 16 - 1 (D) None of these
(D) None of these

1 + x2
40. The value of (A) (C) p log ( 2 + 1) 4 p log ( 2 + 1) 2
dy dx is
0 0
47. The area of the lemniscate r 2 = a 2 cos 2 q is given by (B) p log ( 2 - 1) 4 (A) 4
p4
0
p2
cos 2 q
rdrdq
(B) 2
p2
cos 2 q
rdrdq
(D) None of these
(C) 4
a cos 2 q
rdrdq
(D) 2
p a cos 2 q
0 0
rdrdq
41. If A is the region bounded by the parabolas y 2 = 4 x and x = 4 y, then 48 (A) 5

2
48. The area of the region bounded by the curve y ( x 2 + 2) = 3 x and 4 y = x 2 is given by (A) (C)
x2 4 x2 4
ydxdy is equal to
A
(B)
36 5

0 2 0
y= 0
dxdy dydx
(B) (D)
y= 0
dydx dxdy
(C)
32 5
(D) None of these
3x ( x 2 + 2)
y= x 2 4
1 y= 0
3x ( x 2 + 2)
y= x 2 4
42. The area of the region bounded by the curves x + y = a and x + y = a in the first quadrant is given
2 2 2
49. The volume of the cylinder x 2 + y 2 = a 2 bounded below by z = 0 and bounded above by z = h is given by (A) pah (C) 1 pa 3h 3 (B) pa 2 h (D) None of these
by (A)
dxdy
0 a-x a 2 - y2 a
a2 - x 2
(B)
dxdy
0 0
a2 - x 2
(C)
a-x
dxdy
0
(D) None of these
50.
1 1 1
0 0 0
e x + y+ z dxdydz is equal to (B) 3 ( e - 1) 2
43. The area bounded by the curves y = 2 x , y = - x, x = 1 and x = 4 is given by (A) 25 47 (C) 4 33 (B) 2 101 (D) 6
(A) ( e - 1) 3 (C) ( e - 1) 2 51.
(D) None of these

x+ z

-1 0
x -z
( x + y + z) dy dx dz is equal to (B) -4 (D) None of these
(A) 4 (C) 0
44. The area bounded by the curves y 2 = 9 x, x - y + 2 = 0 is given by (A) 1 (C) 3 2 (B) (D) 1 2 5 4
*************
45. The area of the cardioid r = a (1 + cos q) is given by (A) 2 (C) 2

Page 548
p q= 0 r = 0
p2
a (1 + cos q)
rdrdq rdrdq
(B) 2
0
p4
a (1 + cos q)
r=a a (1 + cos q)
rdrdq rdrdq
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a (1 + cos q)
r=0
(D) 2
r=0
Integral calculus
Chap 9.3
SOLUTIONS
1. (A)
4. (A) Let I =
3x + 1 dx 2x -2x + 3
2
x dx 2 x +1
Let 3 x + 1 = p( 4 x - 2) + q I= =
p=
3 5 , q = 4 2
Put x 2 + 1 = t 2 xdx = dt 1 1 x x 2 + 1 dx = 2 t dt = 1 1 log t = log ( x 2 + 1) 2 2 ax +K log a
3 4x -2 5 dx dx + 2 4 2 x2 - 2 x + 3 2 2x -2x + 3
3 5 dx log (2 x 2 - 2 x + 3) + 2 2 4 4 5 1 x- + 2 2 x1 2 5 2
2. (A) F ( x) = a x dx + K = F ( a) = aa +K log a
5 1 3 = log (2 x 2 - 2 x + 3) + tan -1 4 5 4 2 5. (C) Let I = = dx 1 + 3 sin 2 x
aa 1 1 - aa K = = log a log a log a F ( x) = a 1-a 1 + = [ a x - a a + 1] log a log a log a

x a
cosec2 x dx cosec2 x dx = cosec 2 x + 3 (1 + cot2 x) + 3 - cosec2 x dx = dt 1 -dt t 1 cot x = cot-1 = cot-1 4 + t2 2 2 2 2
Put cot x = t I = =
3. (C) =
dx 1 + sin x
dx x x x x 2 + cos 2 + 2 sin cos sin 2 2 2 2 x sec 2 dx 2 = = dx 2 2 x x x cos + sin 1 + tan 2 2 2 x Put 1 + tan = t 2 x 2 dt 2 sec2 dx = 2 dt 2 dt = - + K 2 t t x -2 cos -2 2 +K = = +K x x x 1 + tan cos + sin 2 2 2 x x x -2 cos cos - sin 2 2 2 = +K x x x x cos + sin cos - sin 2 2 2 2 x x 2 x -2 cos + 2 sin cos 2 2 2 +K = 2 x 2 x - sin cos 2 2 -(1 + cos x) + sin x = + k = tan x - sec x - 1 + K cos x
1 tan -1 (2 tan x) 2 2 sin x + 3 cos x dx 3 sin x + 4 cos x + q( 3 sin x + 4 cos x)
6. (C) Let I =
Let (2 sin x + 3 cos x) = p( 3 cos x - 4 sin x) 1 18 , q= 25 25 1 25
p= I= =
3 sin x + 4 cos x dx + 25 3 sin x + 4 cos x dx
3 cos x - 4 sin x
18
3 sin x + 4 cos x
1 18 log ( 3 sin x + 4 cos x) + x 25 25
7. (B)
3 + 8 x - 3 x 2 dx = 3
4 5 - x - dx 3 3
1 = 3 2
4 2 2 2 x - 4 5 4 5 -1 3 x - - x - + sin 5 3 3 3 3 3
25 3 3x - 4 3x - 4 3 + 8 x - 3 x2 + sin -1 18 5 6
= tan x - sec x + c
8. (B)
dx 2 x + 3x + 4
2
1 2
dx 23 3 x+ + 4 4
2 2
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Page 549
UNIT 9
1 2
sinh
-1
x+
3 4 = 1 sinh -1 4 x + 3 2 23 23 4 dx
1 2
dx p sin x + 4
1 2
x + dx cosec 4
9. (B) = =
2x + 3 x2 + x + 1 dx +
p 1 1 1 x p log tan + - log cot x + = 2 4 2 2 2 8
2x + 1 x2 + x + 1 2x + 1 x2 + x + 1
13. (D)
2 dx x2 + x + 1 dx 3 1 x+ + 2 2 1 x+ 2 3 2 3 =
2 2
sin( x - a) sin( x - b) sin( x - a) sin( x - b) sin( x - a) sin( x - b)

sin [( x - b) - ( x - a)] dx sin( a - b) dx
dx
= = =
dx + 2
1 sin( a - b) 1 sin( a - b) 1 sin ( a - b)
( x 2 + x + 1)1 2 + 2 sinh -1 1 2
sin( x - b) cos( x - a) - cos( x - b) sin( x - a) dx sin( x - a) sin( x - b)
= 2 x 2 + x + 1 + 2 sinh -1
2x + 1
1 [cot( x - a) - cot( x - b)]dx sin( a - b) 1 [log sin ( x - a) - log sin ( x - b)] dx sin ( a - b) sin( x - a) 1 log sin ( a - b) sin( x - b)
10. (B)
dx x 1- x
2
=I =
Put x = sin q dx = 2 sin q cos q dq 2 sin q cos q 2 sin q cos q I = dq = dq 2 sin q cos q sin q 1 - sin q I = 2 dq = 2 q + c = 2 sin -1 I = sin
-1
14. (D) Let I =
x+c
dx e - x dx = 1 - e- x -1
(2 x - 1) + c 1 ( x + 1) 1 - 2 x - x 2 dx = 1 dt t2 =- dt 2 t2 - 1 t
1 2
Put 1 - e - x = t e - x dx = dt dt I = = log t = log (1 - e - x ) t dx 15. (B) Let I = = dx 1 + x + x2 + x3
11. (D) Let I = Put x + 1 = 1 t -
1 dt t2
dx (1 + x) (1 + x 2 ) A Bx + C 1 = + 2 (1 + x)(1 + x ) 1 + x 1 + x 2
I =
1 1 1 1 - 2 - 1 - - 1 t t t 1 2
Let
1 = A(1 + x 2 ) + ( Bx + C)(1 + x) 1 2 cosh -1 Comparing the coefficients of x 2 , x and constant terms, A + B = 0, B + C = 0, C + A = 1 Solving these equations, we get 1 1 1 A = , B=- , C= 2 2 2 1 1 1 x -1 I = dx - 2 dx 2 1+ x 2 x +1 = = 1 1 1 log (1 + x) - log ( x 2 + 1) + tan -1 x 2 2 2 1 4 ( x + 1) 2 + 2 tan -1 log x2 + 1 x
=-
dt 1 t2 - 2
2
=-
=-
2 cosh -1 x + 1 2
12. (C) = 1 2
sin x + cos x
dx p p sin x cos + cos x sin 4 4
dx
Page 550
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Integral calculus
Chap 9.3
16. (B) Let I = = = =
sin x dx 1 - sin x
sin x + cos x (sin x + cos 2 x) + 2 sin x cos x

2
dx
1 - (1 - sin x) dx 1 - sin x 1 1 + sin x dx - dx = dx - x 1 - sin x 1 - sin 2 x 1 + sin x dx - x = (sec2 x + sec x tan x) dx - x cos 2 x
= =
sin x + cos x (cos x + cos x) 2
dx
sin x + cos x dx = dx = x sin x + cos x

35 35
= tan x + sec x - x 17. (B) Let I = e { f ( x) + f ( x)} dx

x
22. (D)
5 x - 3 dx = - 5 x - 3 dx +
0 0 35 1
35
5 x - 3 dx
= e x f ( x) dx + e x f ( x) dx = { f ( x) e x - f ( x) ex dx} + ex f ( x) dx = f ( x) ex 1 + sin x 18. (A) Let I = e dx 1 + cos x

x
5 x2 5 = - x2 + 3 x + - 3x 2 0 3 5 2 9 9 =+ + 10 5 = 5 9 9 2 - 3 - 10 - 5
9 1 9 13 + - + = 10 2 10 10
x x 1 + 2 sin cos x 2 2 dx =e 2 x 2 cos 2 x x 1 = e x sec 2 dx + e x tan dx 2 2 2 = 1 x x x x x x e 2 tan - e 2 tan dx + e tan dx 2 2 2 2
23. (B)
e
0
dx = + e- x
e
0
e x dx 2x +1
Put e x = t
e x dx = dt =
dt e = [tan -1 t ]1 +1
= tan -1 e - tan -1 1 = tan -1 e c c
p 4
2
x = e tan + c 2
x
24. (D)
x(1 - x) dx = ( x - x ) dx
0 0 c
19. (C) I = = =
2
x x2 x3 dx dx = 2 x +1 x +1
2
1 1 1 = x 2 - x 3 = c 2 ( 3 - 2 c) 2 3 0 6
x( x + 1 - 1) x dx = xdx - 2 dx 2 x +1 x +1
x(1 - x) dx = 0 c= 3 2
1 2 c ( 3 - 2 c) = 0 6
1 2 1 x - log ( x 2 + 1) + c 2 2
-1
25. (D) Put x 2 + x = t

-1
(2 x + 1) dx = dt
20. (A) Let I = sin = sin -1 x x - = x sin

-1
x dx = sin x dx dx
x 1 dx
1 1 - x2 x 1 - x2
2x + 1 x+ x
2
dx =
0
dt t
= 2( t1 2 ) 2 0 =2 2
x-
26. (A)
x
p
sin 5 xdx
In second part put 1 - x 2 = t 2 xdx = - tdt = x sin -1 x + dt = x sin -1 x + t = x sin -1 x + 1 - x 2 + c
Since, f ( - x) = ( - x) 4 sin 5 ( - x) = - x 4 sin 5 x f ( x) is odd function thus

p
x
p
sin 5 x dx = 0
21.
sin x + cos x 1 + sin 2 x
p2
p2
dx
27. (A)
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2 cos x dx = 0
1 (cos 2 x + 1) dx 2
Page 551
UNIT 9
= = =
1 1 sin 2 x + x 2 2 0
p2
p p = 2 sin (1 - t) - dt = 2 4 0 p p = - 2 sin t - dt = - 1 2 4 0 2I = 0 I =0
2a 1
- t dt 2 sin 4 2
0
1 1 p (sin p - sin 0) + - 0 2 2 2 1 1 p p (0 - 0) - 0 + = 2 2 2 4
3 1 G G 1 p p2 p 2 2 Aliter 1. cos 2 x dx = = 2 = 2 4 4 0 2 G 2
p2
31. (C) Let I =

2a
f ( x) + f (2 a - x) dx ....(1)
0
f ( x)
I=
f (2 a - x) + f ( x) dx....(2)
0 2a
f (2 a - x)
Aliter 2. Use Wallis Rule
cos
0
x =
1 p p = 2 2 4
Adding (1) and (2), we get 2I =
f ( x) + f (2 a - x) dx
0 1 - x2
f ( x) + f (2 a - x)
2a
1 dx = [ x ]
0
2a 0
= 2a
28. (B) Let I = a 2 - x 2 dx

0
I = a
Put x = a sin q dx = a cos q dq when x = 0, q = 0, p when x = a, q = 2

p2
32. (C) Let I = Put 1 - x2 = t 1 2 1 - x2

0
1 - x2
xdx
I = a 2 - a 2 sin 2 q a cos q dq
0
p2
( -2 x) dx = dt
= a 2 cos 2 q dq = a 2
0
1 p (By Wallis Formula) 2 2
when x = 0, t = 1, when x = 1, t = 0
0 I = -e t dt = -[ e t ]1 = -[ e 0 - e1 ] = e - 1 1
pa 2 4
Aliter:
a 2 - x 2 dx
a
33. (B) Let I =
x 1 pa 2 pa 2 1 = x a 2 - x 2 + a 2 sin -1 = 0 + = 4 2 a 0 4 2
p2
dx 1 x + x2 0 1 x- 1 -1 2 tan 3 3 0 2 2
1
=
0
dx 3 1 x- + 2 2
2 2
29. (D) Let I = log (tan x) dx ....(1)

0
p I = log tan - x dx 2 0
p2
p2
= =
2 1 1 2 p p -1 = - tan -1 + tan 3 3 3 3 6 6 2p 3 3 = 2p 3 9
I = log (cot x)....(2)

0
Adding (1) and (2), we get

p2
2 I = [log (tan x) + log (cot x)]dx

0
p2
34. (B) Let I =

0 1
-1
x x
dx =
0 -1
-x dx + -1 x + [ x ]1 0
x dx
0
= log (tan x cot x) dx

0
p2
-1
-1dx + 1 dx = -[ x ]
0
= log 1 dx = 0
0
I =0
= - [0 - ( -1)] + [1 - 0 ] = 0
100 p
35. (C) pt p 30. (D) Let I = 2 sin - dt ....(i) 2 4 0

Page 552
1
|sin x|dx = 100 |sin x|dx

0 0
[ . .. sin x is periodic with period p]

www.gatehelp.com
Integral calculus
Chap 9.3
p = 100 sin x dx = 100( - cos x) 0 0
40. (D)
1

0 0
1 + x2
dydx = [ y ]01 +
0
x2
dx
= 100( - cos p + cos 0) = 100(1 + 1) = 200. 36. (C) Let I = cos m x sin nx dx = f ( x) dx
0 0 p p
= 1 + x 2 dx
0
Where f ( x) = cos m x sin n x f ( p - x) = cos m ( p - x) sin n ( p - x) = ( - cos x) m (sin x) n = - cos m x sin n x, if m is odd I = cos
0 p m
1 [ x 1 + x 2 + log( x + 1 + x 2 )]1 0 2 1 = [ 2 + log (1 + 2 )] 2 = 41. (A) Let I = ydxdy,

A
x sin x dx = 0, if m is odd
n
Solving the given equations y 2 = 4 x and x 2 = 4 y , we get x = 0, x = 4 . The region of integration A is given by
4 y2 = ydydx 2 dx x2 4 0 x2 4 0 4 2 x 4 2 x
37. (A) Let I = xF (sin x) dx ....(1)

0
A = =
4
= ( x - p) F [sin ( p - x)]dx
0
48 1 x4 x5 4x dx = x 2 = 5 160 2 10 0 0
I =
( p - x) F(sin x) dx ....(2)
0 p
42. (A) The curves are x 2 + y 2 = a 2 ... x + y = a... ....(i) ....(ii)
Adding (1) and (2), we get 2 I = pF (sin x) dx

0
I=
1 pF (sin x) dx 2 0
p2
The curves (i) and (ii) intersect at A (a, 0) and B (0,a) The required area A =
x =0
a2 - x 2
y= a - x
dydx
38. (B) Let I =

0
p2
ex 2 x x + 2 tan dx sec 2 2 2
p2
43. (D) The given equations of the curves are y = 2 x i.e., y 2 = 4 x....(i)
4 2 x 4 4
1 x = e xsec 2 dx + 2 2 0
p2
x e tan dx = I1 + I 2 2 0
x
y = - x....(ii)
If a figure is drawn then from fig. the required area is A =
x 1 Here, I1 = e x sec 2 dx 2 2 0 1 x 1 = e x 2 tan 2 0 2 2 p = e p 2 tan - 0 4

p2 p2 p2 p2
1 -x
dydx = [ y ]
1
2 x -x
= [2 x + x ]dx
1
x e 2 tan dx 2 0
x
4 1 101 32 = + 8 - + = 6 3 2 3 44. (B) The equations of the given curves are y 2 = 9 x....(i) A(1, 3) and B(4, 6) If a figure is drawn then from fig. the required area is x - y + 2 = 0....(ii) The curves (i) and (ii) intersect at
e
0
p2
tan
x dx 2
= e - I 2 , I1 + I 2 = e I = I1 + I 2 = e 39. (B)
1
p2
1 ( x 2 + y 2 ) dy dx = x 2 y + y 3 dx 3 x 0 x
A =
4
4 3 x
1 x+ 2
dydx = [ y ]
1
3 x x+ 2
dx
4
1 1 = x 5 2 + x 3 2 - x 3 - x 3 dx 3 3 0 2 52 1 4 3 2 = x7 2 + x - x = 15 3 0 35 7
1
1 = [ 3 x - ( x + 2)]dx = 2 x 3 2 - x 2 - 2 x 2 1 1 1 1 = (16 - 8 - 8) - 2 - - 2 = 2 2
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Page 553
UNIT 9
45. (A) The equation of the cardioid is r = a (1 + cos q)

p a (1 + cos q)
Thus the equation volume is V = 4 zdxdy

A
....(i)
a
a2 - x 2
If a figure is drawn then from fig. the required area is Required area A = 2
=4
hdydx = 4 h [ y ]
0 0 0
a2 - x 2
dx = 4 h a 2 - x 2 dx
0
q= 0
r=0
rdrdq
Let x = a sin q,
p2
dx = a cos q dq,
46. (C) The equation of the given curve is r = q cos q....(i) The required area
p 2 q cos q
Volume V = 4 h a 2 - a 2 sin 2 q a cos q dq

0 p2
= 4 ha 2 cos 2 q dq = 4 ha 2
0 q cos q
1 p = pa 2 h. 2 2
A= = = 1 2 1 4
q= 0 p2
1 rdrdq = r 2 o r=0 0 2 cos 2 qdq = 1 4

p2
p2
dq 50. (A)
1 1
1 1 1
q
0 p2 0
1 4
p2
e
0 0 0
x + y+ z
dxdydz
1 1 y+ z
q (1 + cos 2 q) dq
2 0
= [ ex +
0 0 1
y+ z 1 0
] dydz = [ e1 +
0 0
- e y + z ]dydz
2 q dq +
2 q cos 2 q dq 0
= [ e1 + y + z - e y + z ]1 0 dz
0
p2 p2 p2 1 1 1 sin 2 q sin 2 q dq = q 3 + q 2 - 2q 4 3 0 4 2 2 0 0
= [( e 2 + z - e1 + z ) - ( e1 + z - e z )]dz
0
p2 p3 1 = + - q sin 2 q dq 96 4 0
= ( e 2 + z - 2 e1 + z + e z ) dz = [ e 2 + z - 2 e1 + z + e z ]1 0
0 p2
p3 1 cos 2 q cos 2 q - -q - d q 96 4 2 0 2 0
p2
= ( e 3 - 2 e 2 + e) - ( e 2 - 2 e + 1) = e 3 - 3e 2 + 3e - 1 = ( e - 1) 3 51. (C)
1 z
= =
p3 1 -p 1 + -0 96 4 4 8
p2
cos 2 q dq
0
p2
-1 0 x - z
( x + y + z) dydxdz
x+ z
z x+ z
p p3 p 11 - sin 2 q = 96 16 8 2 0 16
p2 16 - 1
( x + y + z) 2 dxdz 2 x- y -1 0 (2 x + 2 z) 2 2 x 2 - dxdz 2 2 -1 0
1 z z
47. (A) The curve is r 2 = a 2 cos 2 q If a figure is drawn then from fig. the required area is
p 4 a cos 2 q p4 a cos 2 q
A =4
p4
q= 0
1 rdrdq = 4 r 2 0 0 2 r=0
p4
dq
1 1 3 ( x + z) 3 x 3 = 2 (( x + z) 2 - x 2 ) dx dz = 2 - dz 3 3 0 -1 0 -1
sin 2 q = a2 = 2 a cos 2 q dq= 2 a 2 0 0

2 2
2 2 = [(2 z) 3 - z 3 - z ]dz = 3 -1 3 1 1 = 4 - = 0 4 4
z4 z dz = 6 4 4 -1 -1
1 3
48. (C) The equations of given curves are y( x 2 + 2) = 3 x....(i) and 4 y = x 2 ....(ii) The curve (i) and (ii) intersect at A (2, 1). If a figure is drawn then from fig. the required area is The required area A =
2 3x ( x 2 + 2 )
********
x =0
y= x 2 4
dxdy
49. (B) The equation of the cylinder is x 2 + y 2 = a 2 The equation of surface CDE is z = h. If a figure is drawn then from fig. the required area is
Page 554
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Complex Variables
Chap 9.5
10. The integration of f ( z) = x 2 + ixy from A(1, 1) to B(2, 4) along the straight line AB joining the two points is -29 (A) + i11 3 (C) 23 + i6 5 29 (B) - i11 3 (D) 23 - i6 5
17. The value of f ( 3) is (A) 6 (C) -4 i 18. The value of f (1 - i) is (A) 7 ( p + i2) (C) 2 p (5 + i13) Statement for 1921: Expand the given function in Taylors series. 19. f ( z) = z -1 about the points z = 0 z +1 (B) -1 - 2( z - z 2 + z 3......) (D) None of the above (B) 6 (2 + ip) (D) 0 (B) 4 i (D) 0
11. (A) (C)
e2 z dz = ? where c is the circle of z = 3 ( + 1) 4 c z 4 pi -3 e 9 4 pi -1 e 3 (B) (D) 4 pi 3 e 9 8 pi -2 e 3
12.
1 - 2z . dz = ? where c is the circle z = 15 ( z z - 1)( z - 2) c (B) 4 + i 3p (D) i 3p
(A) 1 + 2( z + z 2 + z 3......) (C) -1 + 2( z - z 2 + z 3......) 20. f ( z) = (A) (B) 1 about z = 1 z +1
(A) 2 + i 6 p (C) 1 + ip
13. ( z - z 2 ) dz = ? where c is the upper half of the circle

c
-1 1 1 1 - ( z - 1) + 2 ( z - 1) 2 ....... 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 - ( z - 1) + 2 ( z - 1) 2 ....... 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 + ( z - 1) + 2 ( z - 1) 2 ....... 2 2 2
z =1 -2 (A) 3 3 (C) 2 14.
(B)
2 3
-3 (D) 2
(C)
(D) None of the above 21. f ( z) = sin z about z = (A) p 4
cos pz dz = ? where c is the circle z = 3 c z -1 (B) - i2 p (D) - i 6 p2
(A) i2 p (C) i 6 p2 15.
2 1 p 1 p 1 + z z - ....... 4 2 ! 4 2 2 1 p 1 p 1 + z - + z - + ....... 4 2 ! 4 2 2 1 p 1 p 1 - z - - z - - ....... 4 2 ! 4 2
sin pz 2 dz = ? where c is the circle z = 3 c ( z - 2)( z - 1) (B) i2 p (D) 0 1 cos pz dz around a rectangle with 2 2 pi c z -1 (B) i2 e (D) 0
(B)
(A) i 6 p (C) i 4 p 16. The value of
(C)
(D) None of the above 22. If z + 1 < 1, then z -2 is equal to (A) 1 + (B) 1 + (C) 1 + (D) 1 +
vertices at 2 i , -2 i is (A) 6 (C) 8 Statement for Q. 1718: 3z 2 + 7 z + 1 f ( z0 ) = dz , where c is the circle ( z - z0 ) c x + y = 4.

2 2
n =1
( n + 1)( z + 1) ( n + 1)( z + 1)
n
n -1
n +1
n =1
n =1
n( z + 1)
n =1
( n + 1)( z + 1)
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Page 565
UNIT 9
Statement for Q. 2325. Expand the function 1 in Laurents ( z - 1)( z - 2)
28. The Laurents series of f ( z) = where z < 1 1 5 3 21 5 (A) z z + z .......... 4 16 64 (B) (C) 1 1 2 5 4 21 6 + z + z + z .......... 2 4 16 64 1 3 15 5 z - z3 + z .......... 2 4 8 1 1 2 3 4 15 6 + z + z + z .......... 2 2 4 8
z is, ( z + 1)( z 2 + 4)
2
series for the condition given in question. 23. 1 < z < 2 1 2 3 (A) + 2 + 3 + ....... z z z (B) K - z -3 - z -2 - z -1 (C) 1 1 1 1 3 - z - z2 z -K 2 4 8 18
(D)
1 3 7 + 2 + 4 ........... 2 z z z
(D) None of the above 24. z > 2 (A) (C) 6 13 20 + + 3 + ........ z z2 z 1 3 7 + 3 + 4 + ......... 2 z z z (B) (D) 1 8 13 + + + ......... z z2 z3 2 3 4 - 3 + 4 - ........ 2 z z z
29. The residue of the function (A) (C) 4 3 -2 3
1 - e Zz at its pole is z4 -4 (B) 3 2 3
(D)
30. The residue of z cos (A) (C) 1 2 1 3 1 - 2z
25. z < 1 (A) 1 + 3z (B) (C) +7 2 15 2 z + z ..... 2 4
1 at z = 0 is z -1 (B) 2 (D) -1 3 z = 15 .
1 3 7 15 3 + z + z2 + z ... 2 4 8 16 1 3 z2 z3 + + + ....... 4 4 8 16 31.
z(1 - z)( z - 2) dz = ? where c is

c
(D) None of the above 26. If z - 1 < 1 , the Laurents series for (A) - ( z - 1) ( z - 1) 3 ( z - 1) 5 - ........... 2! 5! ( z - 1) 3 ( z - 1) 5 - ......... 2! 5!
3 5
(A) - i 3p (C) 2 1 is z( z - 1)( z - 2) 32.
(B) i 3 p (D) -2
z cos z dz = ? where c is z - 1 = 1 p c z 2 (B) - 6 p (D) None of the above

1
(B) - ( z - 1) -1 -
(A) 6 p (C) i2 p 33.
(C) - ( z - 1) - ( z - 1) - ( z - 1) - .......... (D) - ( z - 1)

-1
- ( z - 1) - ( z - 1) - ( z - 1) - .........
3 5
2 z e z dz = ? where c is z = 1 c
27. The Laurents series of
1 for z < 2 is z( e z - 1)
(A) i 3p C) ip 3
2p
(B) - i 3p (D) None of the above dq
1 1 1 1 2 (A) 2 + + + 6z + z + .......... z 2 z 12 720 1 1 1 1 2 (B) 2 + z + .......... z 2 z 12 720 (C) 1 1 1 1 2 + + z2 + z + .......... z 12 634 720
34. (A)
2 + cos q = ?
0
-2 p 2
(B)
2p 3
(D) None of the above

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(C) 2 p 2
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(D) -2 p 3
Complex Variables
Chap 9.5
35. (A) (C)
x2 ( 2 + a 2 )( x 2 + b2 ) dx = ? - x p ab a+b p a+b
SOLUTIONS
(B) p ( a + b) ab 1. (C) Since, f ( z) = u + iv = u= x3 - y3 ; x2 + y2 v= x 3(1 + i) - y 3(1 - i) ; z 0 x2 + y2 (D) p ( a + b) x3 + y3 x2 + y2
36. (A) (C)
1+ x
0
dx
=? (B) (D) p 2 p 3
p 6 2p 3
Cauchy Riemann equations are v u v u and = =x x y y By differentiation the value of we get u y v v at(0, 0) , , , x y x y
0 , so we apply first principle method. 0
***************
At the origin, u u(0 + h, 0) - u(0, 0) h3 h2 = lim = lim = 1 h 0 h 0 x h h u u(0, 0 + k) - u(0, 0) - k3 k2 = lim = lim = -1 k 0 v h 0 k k v v(0 + h, 0) - v(0, 0) h3 h2 = lim = lim =1 h 0 x h 0 h h v v(0, 0 + k), v(0, 0) k3 k2 = lim = lim =1 k 0 y k 0 k k Thus, we see that u v u v and = =x y y x
Hence, Cauchy-Riemann equations are satisfied at z = 0. Again, f (0) = lim

z 0
f ( z) - f (0) z
( x 3 - y 3) + i( x 3 + y 3) 1 = lim 2 2 z 0 (x + y ) ( x + iy) Now let z 0 along y = x, then ( x 3 - y 3) + i( x 3 + y 3) 1 2i 1+ i f (0) = lim = = 2 2 z 0 (x + y ) ( x + iy) 2(1 + i) 2 Again let z 0 along y = 0, then x 3 + i( x 3) 1 =1 + i f (0) = lim 2 x 0 x (x ) So we see that f (0) is not unique. Hence f (0) does not exist. 2. (A) Since, f ( z) = df Df = lim dz Dz 0 Dz Du + iDv or f ( z) = lim Dz 0 Dx + iDy
....(1)
Now, the derivative f ( z) exits of the limit in equation (1) is unique i.e. it does not depends on the path along which Dz 0.
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Page 567
UNIT 9
Let Dz 0 along a path parallel to real axis Dy = 0 \ Dz 0 Dx 0 Now equation (1) Du + iDv Du Dv f ( z) = lim = lim + i lim Dx 0 Dx 0 Dx Dx 0 Dx Dx v u f ( z) = +i x x axis, then Dx 0 and Dz 0 Dy 0 Thus from equation (1) u v Dz + iDv Du Dv = lim + i lim = + f( z) = lim Dy 0 Dy 0 iDy Dy 0 iDz iDy i y y f ( z) = -i u v + y y ....(3)
Now let v be the conjugate of u then v v u u dy dy = dx + dx + dv = y x x y (by Cauchy-Riemann equation) ....(2) dv = 2 x dx + 2(1 - y) dy On integrating v = x 2 - y 2 + 2 y + C 5. (C) Given f ( z) = u + i v if ( z) = -v + iu (1 + i) f ( z) = ( u - v) + i( u + v) F ( z) = U + iV ....(1) ....(2)
Again, let Dz 0 along a path parallel to imaginary
add equation (1) and (2)
where, F ( z) = (1 + i) f ( z); U = ( u - v); V = u + v Let F ( z) be an analytic function. Now, U = u - v = e x (cos y - sin y) U U and = e x (cos y - sin y) = e x ( - sin y - cos y) x y Now, dV = -U U dx + dy....(3) y x
Now, for existence of f ( z) R.H.S. of equation (2) and (3) must be same i.e., u v v u +i = -i x x y y u v v -u and = = x y x y u u v v -i = +i f ( z) = x y y x 3. (A) Given f ( z) = x 2 + iy 2 since, f ( z) = u + iv Here u = x 2 and v = y 2 u u Now, u = x 2 = 2 x and =0 x y and v = y 2 v v = 0 and =2y x y f ( z) = u u -i x y ....(1)
= e x (sin y + cos y) dx + e x (cos y - sin y) dy = d[ e x (sin y + cos y)] on integrating V = e x (sin y + cos y) + c1 F ( z) = U + iV = e x (cos y - sin y) + ie x (sin y + cos y) + ic1 = e x (cos y + i sin y) + ie x (cos y + i sin y) + ic1 F ( z) = (1 + i) e x + iy + ic1 = (1 + i) ez + ic1 (1 + i) f ( z) = (1 + i) e z + ic1 ( i + 1) i(1 - i) i c1 = e z + c1 f ( z) = e z + = ez + c1 2 1+ i (1 + i)(1 - i) f ( z) = e z + (1 + i) c
we know that and f ( z) =
v v + i ....(2) y x ....(3) ....(4)
6. (C) u = sinh x cos y u = cosh x cos y = f( x, y) x u and = - sinh x sin y = y( x, y) y by Milnes Method f ( z) = f( z, 0) - iy( z, 0) = cosh z - i 0 = cosh z On integrating f ( z) = sinh z + constant f ( z) = w = sinh z + ic (As u does not contain any constant, the constant c is in
Now, equation (1) gives f ( z) = 2 x and equation (2) gives f ( z) = 2 y
Now, for existence of f ( z) at any point is necessary that the value of f ( z) most be unique at that point, whatever be the path of reaching at that point From equation (3) and (4) 2 x = 2 y Hence, f ( z) exists for all points lie on the line x = y. u 2u 4. (B) = 2(1 - y) ; =0 x x 2 u 2u = -2 x ; =0 y y 2
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....(1) ....(2)
the function x and hence i.e. in w). 7. (A) v v = 2 y = h( x, y), = 2 x = g( x, y) x y
2u 2u = 0, Thus u is harmonic. + x 2 y 2
by Milnes Method f ( z) = g( z, 0) + ih( z, 0) = 2 z + i 0 = 2 z On integrating f ( z) = z 2 + c

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Complex Variables
Chap 9.5
8. (D)
2
v -( x 2 + y 2 ) - ( x - y)2 y = ( x2 + y2 )2 y
2
f ( z o) =
n! 2 pi
(z - z )
c o c
f ( z) dz
n +1
or =
(z - z )
c o
f ( z) dz
n +1
2 pi n f ( z o) n!
y - x - 2 xy = g( x, y) ( x2 + y2 )2
Taking n = 3, Given fc
(z - z )
o
f ( z) dz
4
pi f ( z o) 3
....(1)
v ( x 2 + y 2 ) - ( x - y)2 x y 2 - x 2 + 2 xy = h( x, y) = = ( x2 + y2 )2 ( x2 + y2 )2 x By Milnes Method f ( z) = g( z, 0) + ih( z, 0) = 1 1 1 + i - 2 = - (1 + i) 2 z2 z z
e 2 z dz e 2 z dz = ( z + 1) 4 [ - ( -1)]4 c z pi f ( -1)....(2) 3
-2
Taking f ( z) = e 2 z , and z o = -1 in (1), we have
( z + 1)
c
e 2 z dz
4
On integrating 1 1 f ( z) = (1 + i) 2 dz + c = (1 + i) + c z z u 2 cos 2 x (cosh 2 y - cos 2 x) - 2 sin 2 2 x 9. (A) = x (cosh 2 y - cos 2 x) 2 = 2 cos 2 x cosh 2 y - 2 = f( x, y) (cosh 2 y - cos 2 y) 2
Now, f ( z) = e 2 z f ( -1) = 8 e e 2 z dz
4
f ( z) = 8 e 2 z
equation (2) have
( z + 1)
c
8 pi -2 e 3
....(3)
If is the circle z = 3 Since, f ( z) is analytic within and on z = 3 8 pi - z e 2 z dz = e 4 3 |z |= 3 ( z + 1) 12. (D) Since, 1 - 2z 1 - 2z 1 1 3 = + z( z - 1)( z - 2) 2 z z - 1 2( z - 2) = 1 3 I1 + I 2 - I 3....(1) 2 2
u 2 sin 2 x sinh 2 y = = y( x, y) y (cosh 2 y - cos 2 x) 2 By Milnes Method f ( z) = f( z, 0) - iy( z, 0) 2 cos 2 z - 2 -2 = - i(0) = = - cosec2 z (1 - cos 2 z) 2 1 - cos 2 z On integrating f ( z) = - cosec2 z dz + ic = cot z + ic 10. x = at + b, y = ct + d On A, z = 1 + i and On B, z = 2 + 4 i Let z = 1 + i corresponds to t = 0 and z = 2 + 4 i corresponding to t = 1 then, t = 0 and t = 1 x = b, y = d x = a + b, y = c + d a = 1, c = 3 dx = dt ; dy = 3 dt b = 1, d = 1 2 = a + 1, 4 = c + 1
2
z( z - 1)( z - 2) dz
c
Since, z = 0 is the only singularity for I1 = lies inside
z dz
c
and it
z = 15 . , therefore by Cauchys integral
Formula 1 I1 = dz = 2 pi c z 1 f ( z o) = 2 pi
....(2)
f ( z) dz [Here f ( z) = 1 = f ( z o) and z o = 0] c z - zo 1 Similarly, for I 2 = dz, the singular point z = 1 lies z -1 c
AB is , y = 3t + 1
f ( z) dz = ( x
c c 1
+ ixy)( dx + idy)
inside z = 15 . , therefore I 2 = 2 pi....(3) 1 For I 3 = dz, the singular point z = 2 lies outside -2 z c the circle z = 15 . , so the function f ( z) is analytic everywhere in c i.e. z = 15 . , hence by Cauchys integral theorem 1 I3 = dz = 0....(4) z -2 c using equations (2), (3), (4) in (1), we get 1 - 2z 1 3 dz = (2 pi) + 2 pi - (0) = 3pi ( )( ) z z 1 z 2 2 2 c 13. (B) Given contour c is the circle z = 1
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t= 0 1
[( t + 1)
+ i( t + 1)( 3t + 1)][ dt + 3i dt ]
= [( t 2 + 2 t + 1) + i( 3t 2 + 4 t + 1)](1 + 3i) dt
0
t3 29 = (1 + 3i) + t 2 + t + i( t 3 + 2 t 2 + t) = + 1 1i 3 3 0 11. (D) We know by the derivative of an analytic function that
Page 569
UNIT 9
z = e iq
dz = ieiqdq
Now, for upper half of the circle, 0 q p

2 ( z - z ) dz = c
3z 2 + 7 z + 1 dz = 2 pif( z o) z - zo c f ( z o) = 2 pif( z o) f ( z o) = 2 pif( z o) and f ( z o) = 2 pi f( z o)
q= 0
(e
iq
- e 2 iq) ie iqdq
p
p e 2 iq e 3iq = i ( e 2 iq - e 3iq)dq = i 3i 2i 0 0
since, f( z) = 3z 2 + 7 z + 1 f ( z) = 6 z + 7 and f( z) = 6 f (1 - i) = 2 pi[ 6(1 - i) + 7 ] = 2 p (5 + 13i) 19. (C) f ( z) = 2 z -1 =1 z +1 z +1 f (0) = 2;
=i
1 1 1 2 ( e 2 pi - 1) - ( e 3px - 1) = i 3 2 3
14. (B) Let f ( z) = cos pz then f ( z) is analytic within and on z = 3, now by Cauchys integral formula f ( z) 1 f ( z) dz f ( z o) = dz = 2 pif ( z o) z z 2 pi o c c z - zo take f ( z) = cos pz, z o = 1, we have cos pz dz = 2 pif (1) = 2 pi cos p = -2 pi -1 z =3 z sin pz 2 15. (D) dz - 1)( z - 2) c (z =
f (0) = -1, f (1) = 0 2 f ( z) = ( z + 1) 2 -4 ( z - 1) 3 12 ( z + 1) 4
f ( z) = f ( z) =
f (0) = -4; f (0) = 12; and so on.
Now, Taylor series is given by f ( z) = f ( z 0 ) + ( z - z 0 ) f ( z 0 ) + ( z - z0 ) 2 f ( z 0 ) + 2! ( z - z0 ) 3 f ( z 0 ) + ..... 3! about z = 0 f ( z) = -1 + z(2) + z2 z3 ( -4) + (12) + .... 2! 3!
sin pz 2 sin pz 2 dz - dz z -2 z -1 c c f (2) = sin 4 p = 0 and f (1) = sin p = 0 1 2 pi
= 2 pif (2) - 2 pif (1) since, f ( z) = sin pz 2
16. (D) Let, I = =
z
c
1 cos pz dz -1
= -1 + 2 z - 2 z 2 + 2 z 3.... f ( z) = -1 + 2( z - z 2 + z 3 ....) 20. (B) f ( z) = f ( z) = f ( z) = f ( z) = -1 ( z + 1) 2 2 ( z + 1) 3 -6 ( z + 1) 4 1 z +1 f (1) = -1 4 1 4 3 and so on. 8 1 2
1 1 1 cos pz dz 2 2 pi c z - 1 z + 1 1 cos nz cos nz dz 4 pi z +1 c z -1 3z 2 + 7 z + 1 dz , since z o = 3 is the only z -3 c
Or I =
f (1) = f (1) =
17. (D) f ( 3) =
3z 2 + 7 z + 1 singular point of and it lies outside the z -3 circle x 2 + y 2 = 4 i.e., z = 2, therefore analytic everywhere within c. Hence by Cauchys theorem f ( 3) =
c
f (1) = -
3z 2 + 7 z + 1 is z -3
Taylor series is f ( z) = f ( z 0 ) + ( z - z 0 ) f ( z 0 ) + ( z - z0 ) 2 f ( z 0 ) 2! + about z = 1 f ( z) =

2 1 -1 ( z - 1) + ( z - 1) + 2 2! 4 3 1 ( z - 1) 3 - +K + 3! 8 4
3z 2 + 7 z + 1 dz = 0 z -3
( z - z0 ) 3 f ( z 0 ) + K 3!
18. (C) The point (1 - i) lies within circle z = 2 ( . .. the distance of 1 - i i.e., (1, 1) from the origin is 2 which is less than 2, the radius of the circle). Let f( z) = 3z 2 + 7 z + 1 then by Cauchys integral formula
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1 1 1 1 ( z - 1) + 3 ( z - 1) 2 - 4 ( z - 1) 3 +.... 2 22 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 - ( z - 1) + 2 ( z - 1) 2 - 3 ( z - 1) 3 + .... 2 2 2 2
or f ( z) =
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Complex Variables
Chap 9.5
21. (A) f ( z) = sin z f ( z) = cos z f ( z) = - sin z f ( z) = - cos z
p 1 p f = sin = 4 2 4
1 p f = 2 4 1 p f = 4 2 1 p and so on. f = 4 2 ( z - z0 ) f ( z 0 ) 2!
2
1 1 1 1 1 z z2 z3 1+ + + + .. - z 1 + z + z 2 + z 3 + K 2 2 4 9 1 1 1 1 3 or f ( z) = K-z -4 - z -2 - z -1 - - z - z 2 z -K 2 4 8 18 f ( z) = 24. (C) 2 <1 z

-1
1 1 < <1 z 2 =
1 <1 z
1 1 1 = 1 - z -1 z z and
1 1 1 1 1 + + 2 + 3 + K z z z 2
-1
Taylor series is given by f ( z) = f ( z 0 ) + ( z - z 0 ) f ( z 0 ) +
1 1 2 = 1 - z -2 z z
1 2 4 8 1 + + 2 + 3 + .... z z z z
+ about z = p 4
2
( z - z0 ) 3 f ( z 0 ) + .... 3!
Laurents series is given by 1 2 4 98 1 1 1 1 f ( z) = 1 + + 2 + 3 + .. - 1 + + 2 + 3 + .. z z z z z z z z = 11 3 7 + 2 + 3 + K zz z z f ( z) = 1 3 7 + + +K z2 z3 z4 z 1 1 1 = - 1 - z -2 z -1 2 2

-1
p z - 1 p 1 4 f ( z) = + z - + 2! 4 2 2
1 2
3
p z - 4 + 3! f ( z) =
1 +K 2
25. (B) z < 1, =1 2
+ (1 - z) -1
2 3 1 1 p 1 p p 1 + z - - z - - z - -... 4 2 ! 4 3! 4 2
22. (D) Let f ( z) = z -2 = f ( z) = [1 - (1 + z)]-2
1 1 = 2 z [1 - (1 + z)]2
z z2 z3 + + + + K + (1 + z + z 2 + z 3 + ...) 1 2 4 8 1 3 7 15 3 f ( z) = + z + z 2 + z +K 2 4 8 16 1 1 1 1 = + z( z - 1)( z - 2) 2 z z - 1 2( z - 2)
26. (D) Since,
Since, 1 + z < 1, so by expanding R.H.S. by binomial theorem, we get f ( z) = 1 + 2(1 + z) + 3(1 + z) 2 + 4(1 + z) 3 + K + ( n + 1)(1 + z) n + K or f ( z) = z -2 = 1 +
n =1
For z - 1 < 1 Let z - 1 = u z = u + 1 and u < 1 1 1 1 1 = + z( z - 1)( z - 2) 2 z z - 1 2( z - 2) 1 1 1 1 1 - + = (1 + u) -1 - u-1 - (1 - u) -1 2( u + 1) u 2( u - 1) 2 2
( n + 1)( z + 1)
= =
1 1 1 23. (B) Here f ( z) = ....(1) = ( z - 1)( z - 2) z - 2 z - 1 Since, z > 1 1 < 1 and z < 2 z
-1
z 2
<1
1 1 [1 - u + u2 - u3 + ... ] - u-1 - (1 + u + u2 + u3 + ...) 2 2 1 3 -1 = ( -2 u - 2 u - ...) - u = -u - u3 - u5 - K - u-1 2 Required Laurents series is f ( z) = -( z - 1) -1 - ( z - 1) - ( z - 1) 3 - ( z - 1) 5 - K 27. (B) Let f ( z) = = 1 z z3 z4 + + + K - 1 z 1 + z + 2 ! 3! 4 !
2
1 1 1 1 = = 1 - 1 z z -1 z z 1 - z = 1 1 1 1 1 + + 2 + 3 + K z z z z
1 z( e z - 1)
and
-1 z 1 1 = 1 - = z -2 2 2 2
-1
z z z 1 + 2 + 4 + 9 + K
2 3
equation (1) gives

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Page 571
Complex Variables
Chap 9.5
f ( z) dz = 2 pi 6 = 3 pi
c
Now -idz ; z q 2p dq = z
f ( z) dz =
r
ie 2 iqiRe iqdq 2 2 iq + a 2 )( R 2 e2 iq + b2 ) 0 (R e
34. (B) Let z = e iq
1 1 and cos q = z + 2 z -idz 2p dq z ; = 1 1 2 + cos q 0 c 2 + + z 2 z = - 2i

c
2 iq e
e 3iq dq R a 2 2 iq b2 + 2 e + R2 R
Now when R , c: z =1
b( z) dz = 0
r
(x
x p dz = 2 2 + a )( x + b ) a+b
2 2
dz z + 4z + 1
2
36. (C) Let I =
dz = f ( z) dz 1 + z6 c c
Let f ( z) =
1 z2 + 4z + 1
c is the contour containing semi circle r of radius R and segment from - R to R. For poles of f ( z), 1 + z6 = 0 z = ( -1) p 6 = e i ( 2 n + 1 ) p 6 - 3+i , i, 2 3+i lie in the contour 2 where n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Only poles z = 1
3
f ( z) has poles at z = - 2 + 3, -2 - 3 out of these only z = -2 + 3 lies inside the circle c : z = 1
f ( z) dz = 2 pi(Residue at z = -2 +
c
3)
Now, residue at z = -2 + 3 =
z -2 +
lim
3
( z + 2 - 3) f ( z) = lim
z -2 +
( z + 2 + 3)
1 2 3
f ( z) dz = 2 pi 2
c 2p
1 3 pi 3
pi 3 = 2p 3
+ 3+i 2 1 = ( z1 - z 2 )( z1 - z 3)( z1 - z 4 )( z1 - z 5)( z1 - z6 ) Residue at z = = 1 3i(1 + 3 i) = 1 - 3i 12 i 1 6i = 1 3i(1 - 3i) = 1 + 3i 12 i
2 + cos q = -2 i
0
dq
z2 35. (C) I = 2 dz = f ( z) dz 2 2 2 c ( z + a )( z + b ) c where c is be semi circle r with segment on real axis from - R to R. The poles are z = ia, z = ib. Here only z = ia and z = ib lie within the contour c
Residue at z = i is Residue at z =
1 + 3i is 12 i
R
f ( z) dz = f ( z) dz +
r
-R
f ( z) dz
f ( z) dz = 2 pi
c
2 pi 2p (1 - 3i + 1 + 3i + 2 i) = 12 i 3
(sum of residues at z = ia and z = ib) Residue at z = ia, = lim ( z - ia)

z ia
or
f ( z) dz +
r
-R
f ( z) dz =
p iq
2p ....(1) 3
z a = ( z - ia)( z - ia)( z 2 + b2 ) 2 i( a 2 - b2 )
Now
f ( z) dz = 1 + R e
c 0 r
iRe dq
6 6 iq
Residue at z = ib z2 -b = lim ( z - ib) = z ib ( z - ia)( z + ia)( z + ib)( z - ib) 2 i( a 2 - b2 )
ie iqdq R5 1 + e6 iq R6
where R ,
f ( z) dz 0
f ( z) dz = f ( z) dz + f ( z) dz
c r -R
(1)
ax 2p = 1 + x6 3
p 2 pi ( a - b) = a+b 2 i ( a 2 - b2 )
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Page 573
CHAPTER
9.6
PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
1. In a frequency distribution, the mid value of a class is 15 and the class interval is 4. The lower limit of the class is (A) 14 (C) 12 (B) 13 (D) 10
6. A distribution consists of three components with frequencies 45, 40 and 15 having their means 2, 2.5 and 2 respectively. The mean of the combined distribution is (A) 2.1 (C) 2.3 (B) 2.2 (D) 2.4
2. The mid value of a class interval is 42. If the class size is 10, then the upper and lower limits of the class are (A) 47 and 37 (C) 37.5 and 47.5 (B) 37 and 47 (D) 47.5 and 37.5
7. Consider the table given below

Marks 0 10 10 20 20 30 Number of Students 12 18 27 20 17 6
3. The following marks were obtained by the students in a test: 81, 72, 90, 90, 86, 85, 92, 70, 71, 83, 89, 95,
85,79, 62. The range of the marks is
30 40 40 50 50 60
(A) 9 (C) 27
(B) 17 (D) 33
The arithmetic mean of the marks given above, is (A) 18 (C) 27 (B) 28 (D) 6
4. The width of each of nine classes in a frequency distribution is 2.5 and the lower class boundary of the lowest class is 10.6. The upper class boundary of the highest class is (A) 35.6 (C) 30.6 5. In a monthly test, (B) 33.1 (D) 28.1 the marks obtained in
8. The following is the data of wages per day: 5, 4, 7, 5, 8, 8, 8, 5, 7, 9, 5, 7, 9, 10, 8 The mode of the data is (A) 5 (C) 8 (B) 7 (D) 10
9. The mode of the given distribution is

Weight (in kg) Number of Children 40 5 43 8 46 16 49 9 52 7 55 3
mathematics by 16 students of a class are as follows:

0, 0, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8
The arithmetic mean of the marks obtained is (A) 3 (C) 5

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(B) 4 (D) 6
(A) 55 (C) 40
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(B) 46 (D) None
Probability and Statistics
Chap 9.6
10. If the geometric mean of x, 16, 50, be 20, then the value of x is (A) 4 (C) 20 (B) 10 (D) 40
16. The mean deviation of the following distribution is

x f 10 3 11 12 12 18 13 12 14 3
11. If the arithmetic mean of two numbers is 10 and their geometric mean is 8, the numbers are (A) 12, 18 (C) 15, 5 12. The median of 0, 2, 2, 2, -3, 5, -1, 5, 5, -3, 6, 6, 5, 6 is (A) 0 (C) 2 (B) -1.5 (D) 3.5 (B) 16, 4 (D) 20, 5
(A) 12 (C) 1.25
(B) 0.75 (D) 26
17. The standard deviation for the data 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 is (A) 2.4 (C) 2.7 (B) 2.5 (D) 2.8
18. The standard deviation of 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 is (A) 1 (C) 2.83 (B) 0 (D) 2.73
13. Consider the following table

Diameter of heart (in mm) 120 121 122 123 124 125 Number of persons 5 9 14 8 5 9
19. The probability that an event A occurs in one trial of an experiment is 0.4. Three independent trials of experiment are performed. The probability that A occurs at least once is (A) 0.936 (C) 0.964 20. (A) (C)
7 64 57 64
(B) 0.784 (D) None coins are tossed (B) (D) simultaneously.
37 256 249 256
Eight
The
probability of getting at least 6 heads is The median of the above frequency distribution is (A) 122 mm (C) 122.5 mm (B) 123 mm (D) 122.75 mm 21. A can solve 90% of the problems given in a book and 14. The mode of the following frequency distribution, is
Class interval 36 69 912 1215 1518 1821 2124 Frequency 2 5 21 23 10 12 3
B can solve 70%. What is the probability that at least one of them will solve a problem, selected at random from the book? (A) 0.16 (C) 0.97 (B) 0.63 (D) 0.20
22. A speaks truth in 75% and B in 80% of the cases. In what percentage of cases are they likely to contradict each other narrating the same incident ? (A) 5% (C) 35% (B) 45% (D) 15%
(A) 11.5 (C) 12
(B) 11.8 (D) 12.4 23. The odds against a husband who is 45 years old, living till he is 70 are 7:5 and the odds against his wife who is 36, living till she is 61 are 5:3. The probability that at least one of them will be alive 25 years hence, is (B) 3.25 (D) 2.4 (A) (C)
61 96 13 64
15. The mean-deviation of the data 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14 is (A) 4 (C) 2.75
(B)
5 32
(D) None
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UNIT 9
24. The probability that a man who is x years old will die in a year is A1 , A2 , K, An each x 1 n2 1 [1 - (1 - p) n ] n2 p. Then amongst n persons years old now, the probability
30. If 3 is the mean and (3/2) is the standard deviation of a binomial distribution, then the distribution is 3 1 (A) + 4 4 4 1 (C) + 5 5
12
that A1 will die in one year is (A) (C) (B) 1 - (1 - p) n (D) 1 [1 - (1 - p) n ] n
1 3 (B) + 2 2
12
60
1 4 (D) + 5 5
31. The sum and product of the mean and variance of a binomial distribution are 24 and 18 respectively. Then, the distribution is 1 1 (A) + 7 8
12
25. A bag contains 4 white and 2 black balls. Another bag contains 3 white and 5 black balls. If one ball is drawn from each bag, the probability that both are white is 1 (A) 24 (C) 5 24 1 (B) 4 (D) None
1 3 (B) + 4 4 1 1 (D) + 2 2
16
1 5 (C) + 6 6
24
32
32. A die is thrown 100 times. Getting an even number is considered a success. The variance of the number of successes is (A) 50 (C) 10 (B) 25 (D) None
26. A bag contains 5 white and 4 red balls. Another bag contains 4 white and 2 red balls. If one ball is drawn from each bag, the probability that one is white and one is red, is 13 (A) 27 (C) 8 27 5 (B) 27 (D) None
33. A die is thrown thrice. Getting 1 or 6 is taken as a success. The mean of the number of successes is 3 2 (A) (B) 2 3 (C) 1 (D) None
27. An anti-aircraft gun can take a maximum of 4 shots at an enemy plane moving away from it. The probabilities of hitting the plane at the first, second, third and fourth shot are 0.4, 0.3, 0.2 and 0.1 respectively. The probability that the gun hits the plane is (A) 0.76 (C) 0.6976 (B) 0.4096 (D) None of these
34. If the sum of mean and variance of a binomial distribution is 4.8 for five trials, the distribution is 1 4 (A) + 5 5 2 3 (C) + 5 5
5
1 2 (B) + 3 3
(D) None of these
35. A variable has Poission distribution with mean m. The probability that the variable takes any of the values 0 or 2 is m2 (A) e - m 1 + m + 2 ! (C) e 3 2 (1 + m 2 ) -1 2 (B) e m (1 + m) -3 2 m2 (D) e - m 1 + 2! a Poission variate such that
28. If the probabilities that A and B will die within a year are p and q respectively, then the probability that only one of them will be alive at the end of the year is (A) pq (C) q(1 - p) (B) p(1 - q) (D) p + 1 - 2 pq
29. In a binomial distribution, the mean is 4 and variance is 3. Then, its mode is (A) 5 (C) 4
Page 576
36.
If
is
P (2) = 9 P ( 4) + 90 P ( 6), then the mean of X is (A) 1 (C) 3

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(B) 6 (D) None
(B) 2 (D) None
Chap 9.6
37. When the correlation coefficient r = 1, then the two regression lines (A) (B) (C) (D) are perpendicular to each other coincide are parallel to each other do not exist
43. If Sxi = 30,

2 i
yi = 42,
xi yi = 199, xi2 = 184,
y = 318 and n = 6, then the regression coefficient bxy is (A) -0.36 (C) 0.26 (B) -0.46 (D) None
38. If r = 0, then (A) there is a perfect correlation between x and y (B) x and y are not correlated. (C) there is a positive correlation between x and y (D) there is a negative correlation between x and y 39. If Sxi = 15, (A) 0.6 (C) 0.4 Syi = 36, Sxi yi = 110 and n = 5, then (B) 0.5 (D) 0.225
44. Let r be the correlation coefficient between x and y and byx , bxy be the regression coefficients of y on x and x on y respectively then (A) r = bxy + byx (C) r = bxy byx (B) r = bxy byx (D) r = 1 ( bxy + byx ) 2
45. Which one of the following is a true statement. (A) (C)

1 2 1 2
cov ( x, y) is equal to
( bxy + byx ) = r ( bxy + byx ) > r
(B)
1 2
( bxy + byx ) < r
(D) None of these
40. If cov ( x, y) = -16.5, var ( x) = 2.89 and var ( y) = 100, then the coefficient of correlation r is equal to (A) 0.36 (C) 0.97 (B) -0.64 (D) -0.97
46. If byx = 1.6 and bxy = 0.4 and q is the angle between two regression lines, then tan q is equal to (A) 0.18 (C) 0.16 (B) 0.24 (D) 0.3
41. The ranks obtained by 10 students in Mathematics and Physics in a class test are as follows
Rank in Maths 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Rank in Chem. 3 10 5 1 2 9 4 8 7 6
47. The equations of the two lines of regression are : 4 x + 3y + 7 = 0 (A) 1.25 (C) -0.75 and 3 x + 4 y = 8 = 0. The correlation (B) 0.25 (D) 0.92 coefficient between x and y is
48. If cov( X , Y ) = 10, var ( X ) = 6.25 and var( Y ) = 31.36, then r( X , Y ) is (A) (C)
5 7 3 4
(B)
4 5
(D) 0.256 x 2 = y 2 = 49, xy = 44 and (B) 2 3
49. If x = y = 15, n = 5, then bxy = ? (A) - 1 3 (C) - 1 4 50. If x = 125, y is (A) 22 x + 9 y = 146 (C) 22 x - 9 y = 146
(D) - 1 2 y = 100, x 2 = 1650, y 2 = 1500,
The coefficient of correlation between their ranks is (A) 0.15 (C) 0.625 42. If Sxi = 24, is equal to (A) 2.1 (C) 1.225 (B) 1.6 (D) 1.75 yi = 44, (B) 0.224 (D) None Sxi yi = 306, xi2 = 164,
xy = 50 and n = 25, then the line of regression of x on (B) 22 x - 9 y = 74 (D) 22 x + 9 y = 74
yi2 = 574 and n = 4, then the regression coefficient byx
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Page 577
UNIT 9
SOLUTION
1. (B) Let the lower limit be x. Then, upper limit is x + ( x + 4) x + 4. = 15 x = 13. 2 2. (A) Let the lower limit be x. Then, upper limit x + 10. x + ( x + 10) = 42 2 x = 37.
A.M. = A +
S( fd) 300 = 25 + = 28. Sf 100
8. (C) Since 8 occurs most often, mode =8. 9. (B) Clearly, 46 occurs most often. So, mode =46. 10. (B) ( x 16 50)1 3 = 20 20 20 20 x = 16 50 = 10. x 16 50 = (20) 3
Lower limit = 37 and upper limit =47. 3. (D) Range = Difference between the largest value = (95 - 62) = 33. 4. (B) Upper class boundary = 10.6 + (2.5 9) = 331 .. 5. (B)
Marks 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Frequency f 2 2 3 1 4 2 1 1 f = 16 f 1 0 4 9 4 20 12 7 8 ( f x) = 64
11. (B) Let the numbers be a and b Then, a+b = 10 2 ab = 8 ( a + b) = 20 ab = 64 and
a - b = ( a + b) 2 - 4 ab = 44 - 256 = 144 = 12. Solving a + b = 20 and a - b = 12 we get a = 16 and b = 4. 12. (D) Observations in ascending order are -3, -3, -1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 5, 5, 5, 5 6, 6, 6 Number of observations is 14, which is even. Median = 1 1 [7 the term +8 the term] = (2 + 5) = 35 . . 2 2
13. (A) The given Table may be presented as

Diameter of heart (in mm) 120 121 122 123 124 125 Number of persons 5 9 14 8 5 9 Cumulative frequency 5 14 28 36 41 50
A.M. =
( f x) 64 = = 4. 16 f 45 2 + 40 2.5 + 15 2 220 = = 2.2. 100 100
6. (B) Mean =
7. (B)
Class 010 1020 2030 3040 4050 5060 Mid value x 5 15 25 = A 35 45 55 Frequenc yf 12 18 27 20 17 6 Sf = 100 Deviation d = x- A -20 -10 0 10 20 30 f d -240 -180 0 200 320 180 S ( f d) = 390
Here n = 50. So, Medium =
n n = 25 and + 1 = 26. 2 2
1 122 + 122 (25th term +26 th term) = = 122. 2 2
[ . .. Both lie in that column whose c.f. is 28] 14. (B) Maximum frequency is 23. So, modal class is 1215. L1 = 12, L2 = 15, f = 23, f1 = 21 and f2 = 10. Thus Mode = L1 + f - f1 ( L2 - L1 ) 2 f - f1 - f2
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Chap 9.6
= 12 +
(23 - 21) (15 - 12) = 12.4. ( 46 - 21 - 10)
3 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 10 + 11 + 14 15. (C) Mean = = 8. 8 Sd = 3 - 8 + 5 - 8 + 8 - 8 + 10 - 8 + 11 - 8 + 14 - 8 = 22 Sd 22 Thus Mean deviation = = = 2.75. n 8 16. (B)

x 10 11 12 13 14 f 3 12 18 12 3 Sf = 48 f x 30 132 216 156 42 Sfx = 576 d = x-M 2 1 0 1 2 f d 6 12 0 12 6 Sfd = 36
1 1 1 1 = 8 C6 + 8 C7 + 8 C8 2 2 2 2 1 1 37 87 1 + 8 + = = 256 256 256 2 1 256
1 2
21. (C) Let E = the event that A solves the problem. and F = the event that B solves the problem. Clearly E and F are independent events. 90 70 P ( E) = = 0.9, P ( F ) = = 0.7, 100 100 P ( E F ) = P ( E) P ( F ) = 0.9 0.7 = 0.63 Required probability = P ( E F ) = P ( E) + P ( F ) - P ( E F ) = (0.9 +0.7 - 0.63) =0.97. 22. (C) Let E =event that A speaks the truth. F =event that B speaks the truth. 75 3 80 4 Then, P ( E) = = , P( F) = = 100 4 100 5 3 1 4 1 P ( E) = 1 - = , P( F ) = 1 - = 4 4 5 5 P (A and B contradict each other). = P [(A speaks truth and B tells a lie) or (A tells a lie and B speaks the truth)] = P ( E and F ) + P ( E and F ) = P ( E) P ( F ) + P ( E) P ( F )
Thus M =
576 = 12. 48
Sfd 36 So, Mean deviation = = = 0 .75 n 48 17. (D) m =

2
7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 55 = = 11. 5 5
2 2 2 2
Sd2 = 7 - 11 + 9 - 11 + 11 - 11 + 13 - 11 + 15 - 11 = 40 s= Sd 2 40 = = 8 = 2 2 = 2 1.41 = 2.8. n 5
3 1 1 4 3 1 7 7 + = + = = 100 % = 35%. 4 5 4 5 20 5 20 20
23. (A) Let E = event that the husband will be alive 25 years hence and F =event that the wife will be alive 25 years hence.
2
6 + 8 + 10 + 12 + 14 50 18. (C) M = = = 10. 5 5

Sd2 = 6 - 10 2 + 8 - 10 + 10 - 10 + 12 - 10 + 14 - 10 = 40
2 2 2
Then,
P ( E) =
5 12
and P ( F ) =
3 8
6=
Sd2 40 = n 5
5 7 3 5 and P ( F ) = 1 - = . Thus P ( E) = 1 = 12 12 8 8 Clearly, E and F are independent events. So, E and F are independent events. P (at least one of them will be alive 25 years hence) = 1 - P (none will be alive 24 years hence) 7 5 61 = 1 - P ( E F ) = 1 - P ( E) P ( F ) = 1 = 12 8 96 24. (D) P (none dies) = (1 - p) (1 - p)....n times = (1 - p) n P (at least one dies) = 1 - (1 - p) n . 1 P ( A1 dies) = {1 - (1 - p) n }. n
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= 8 = 2 2 = 2 1.414 = 2.83 (app.) 19. (B) Here p = 0.4, q = 0.6 and n = 3. Required probability = P (A occurring at least once) = 3C1 (0.4) (0.6) 2 + 3C2 (0.4) 2 (0.6) + 3C3 (0.4) 3 4 36 16 6 64 784 =3 + 3 + = 0.784. = 10 100 100 10 1000 1000 1 , 2 1 , 2
20. (B) p =
q=
n = 8. Required probability
= P (6 heads or 7 heads or 8 heads)
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Chap 9.6
Sxi 15 yi 36 = = 3, y = = = 7.2 n 5 n 5 110 Sx y cov( x, y) = i i - x y = - 3 7.2 = 0.4 5 n 39. (C) x = 40. (D) r = cov ( x, y) var ( x) var ( y) = -16.5 2.89 100 = -0.97.
47. (C) Given lines are : y = -2 -
3 x 4
7 3 and x = - - y 4 4 -3 -3 and . byx = bxy = 4 4 3 -3 -3 9 or r = - = -0.75. So, r 2 = = 4 4 16 4 [. .. byx and bxy are both negative r is negative] 48. (A) r( X , Y ) = cov( X , Y ) var( X ) var( Y ) = 10 6.25 31.36 = 5 7
41. (B) Di = -2, - 8, - 2, 3, 3, - 3, 3, 0, 2, 4. SDi2 = ( 4 + 64 + 4 + 9 + 9 + 9 + 9 + 0 + 4 + 16) = 128. 6( SDi2 ) 6 128 37 R = 1 2 = = 165 = 0.224. 1 - 10 99 n n ( ) 1 ( Sxi )( Syi ) n 42. (A) byx = 2 ( Sxi ) 2 Sxi - n Sxi yi 24 44 306 4 = ( 306 - 264) = 42 = 2.1 = 2 (164 - 144) 20 (24) 164 - 4 ( Sxi )( Syi ) 199 - 30 42 Sx i y i 6 n = 43. (B) byx = 2 ( Syi ) 2 42 42 318 Syi - n 6 (199 - 210) -11 = = = -0.46. ( 318 - 294) 24 44. (C) byx = r r 2 = bxy byx sy sx and bxy = r sx sy r = bxy byx .
49. (C) byx =
nSxy - ( Sx)( Sy) nSx 2 - ( Sx) 2
5 44 - 15 15 1 = 5 49 - 15 15 =- 4 50. (B) bxy = = nSxy - ( Sx)( Sy) nSy 2 - ( Sy) 2
25 50 - 125 100 9 = 25 1500 - 100 100 22 x= 125 = 5, 25 y= 100 = 4. 25
Also,
Required line is x = x + bxy ( y - y) 9 x =5 + ( y - 4) 22 x - 9 y = 74. 22
45. (C)
1 1 sy sx ( bxy + byx ) > r is true if r +r >r 2 2 sx sy
2 i.e. if s2 y + sx > 2 sx s y
i.e. if ( s y - sx ) 2 > 0, which is true. 46. (A) r = 1.6 0.4 = .64 = 0.8 byx = r m1 = sy sx sy sx = byx r = 1.6 =2 0.8 m2 = r sy sx = 0.8 2 = 1.6.
1 sy 1 5 , = 2= r sx 0.8 2
m1 - m2 tan q = 1 + m m 1 2
2.5 - 1.6 0.9 = 0.18. = = 1 + 2.5 1.6 5
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Page 581
Chap 9.7
(B) (C) (D)
x2 x5 x8 x11 + + + 2 20 160 4400 x2 x5 x8 x11 + + + 2 20 160 2400 x x x x + + + 2 40 480 2400

2 5 8 11
Statement for Q. 1819: dy For = 1 + y 2 given that dx x: y: 0 0 0.2 0.2027 0.4 0.4228 0.6 0.6841
12. For dy dx = xy given that y = 1 at x = 0. Using Euler method taking the step size 0.1, the y at x = 0.4 is (A) 1.0611 (C) 1.6321 Statement for Q. 1315. For dy dx = x 2 + y 2 given that y = 1 at x = 0. Determine the value of y at given x in question using modified method of Euler. Take the step size 0.02. 13. y at x = 0.02 is (A) 1.0468 (C) 1.0346 14. y at x = 0.04 is (A) 1.0316 (C) 1.403 15. y at x = 0.06 is (A) 1.0348 (C) 1.0638 (B) 1.0539 (D) 1.0796 (B) 1.0301 (D) 1.0416 (B) 1.0204 (D) 1.0348 (B) 2.4680 (D) 2.4189
Using Milnes method determine the value of y for x given in question. 18. y (0.8) = ? (A) 1.0293 (C) 0.6065 19. y (10 . ) =? (A) 1.9428 (C) 1.5555 Statement for Q.2022: Apply Runge Kutta fourth order method to obtain y (0.2), y (0.4) and y (0.6) from dy dx = 1 + y 2 , with y = 0 at x = 0. Take step size h = 0.2. 20. y (0.2) = ? (A) 0.2027 (C) 0.3846 21. y (0.4) = ? (A) 0.1649 (C) 0.4227 (B) 0.8397 (D) 0.1934 (B) 0.4396 (D) 0.9341 (B) 1.3428 (D) 2.168 (B) 0.4228 (D) 1.4396
16. For dy dx = x + y given that y = 1 at x = 0. Using modified Eulers method taking step size 0.2, the value of y at x = 1 is (A) 3.401638 (C) 9.164396 (B) 3.405417 (D) 9.168238
22. y (0.6) = ? (A) 0.9348 (C) 0.6841 (B) 0.2935 (D) 0.563
23. For dy dx = x + y 2 , given that y = 1 at x = 0. Using Runge Kutta fourth order method the value of y at x = 0.2 is (h = 0.2) (A) 1.2735 (B) 2.1635 (D) 2.9468 (C) 1.9356
17. For the differential equation dy dx = x - y 2 given that x: y: 0 0 0.2 0.02 0.4 0.0795 0.6 0.1762
24. For dy dx = x + y given that y = 1 at x = 0. Using Runge Kutta fourth order method the value of y at x = 0.2 is (A) 1.1384 (C) 1.2428 (h = 0.2) (B) 1.9438 (D) 1.6389
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Using Milne predictorcorrection method, the y at next value of x is (A) 0.2498 (C) 0.4648 (B) 0.3046 (D) 0.5114
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UNIT 9
SOLUTIONS
1. (B) Let f ( x) = x 3 - 4 x - 9 Since f (2) is negative and f ( 3) is positive, a root lies between 2 and 3. First approximation to the root is 1 x1 = (2 + 3) = 2.5. 2 Then f ( x1 ) = 2.5 3 - 4(2.5) - 9 = - 3.375 i.e. negative\ The root lies between x1 and 3. Thus the second approximation 1 x2 = ( x1 + 3) = 2.75. 2 to the root is
x2 = x0 = 35 . -
x1 - x0 f ( x0 ) f ( x1 ) - f ( x0 )
0.5 ( - 0.5441) = 37888 . 0.3979 + 0.5441
Since f ( 37888 . ) = - 0.0009 and f ( 4) = 0.3979, therefore the root lies between 3.7888 and 4. Taking x0 = 37888 . , x1 = 4, we obtain 0.2112 x3 = 37888 . ( - .009) = 37893 . 0.3988 Hence the required root correct to three places of decimal is 3.789. 4. (D) Let f ( x) = xe x - 2, Then f (0) = - 2, and f (1) = e - 2 = 0.7183 So a root of (i ) lies between 0 and 1. It is nearer to 1. Let us take x0 = 1. Also f ( x) = xe x + e x and f (1) = e + e = 5.4366 By Newtons rule, the first approximation x1 is f ( x0 ) 0.7183 x1 = x0 =1 = 0.8679 f ( x0 ) 5.4366 f ( x1 ) = 0.0672, f ( x1 ) = 4.4491. Thus the second approximation x2 is f ( x1 ) 0.0672 x2 = x1 = 0.8679 = 0.8528 f ( x1 ) 4.4491 Hence the required root is 0.853 correct to 3 decimal places.
Then f ( x2 ) = (2.75) 3 - 4(2.75) - 9 = 0.7969 i.e. positive. The root lies between x1 and x2 . Thus the third 1 approximation to the root is x3 = ( x1 + x2 ) = 2.625. 2 Then negative. The root lies between x2 and x3 . Thus the fourth 1 approximation to the root is x4 = ( x2 + x3) = 2.6875. 2 Hence the root is 2.6875 approximately. 2. (B) Let f ( x) = x 3 - 2 x - 5 So that f (2) = - 1 and f ( 3) = 16 i.e. a root lies between 2 and 3. Taking x0 = 2, x1 = 3, f ( x0 ) = - 1, f ( x1 ) = 16, in the f ( x3) = (2.625) 3 - 4(2.625) - 9 = - 1.4121 i.e.
5. (B) Let y = x + log10 x - 3.375 To obtain a rough estimate of its root, we draw the graph of (i ) with the help of the following table : x y 1 -2.375 2 -1.074 3 0.102 4 1.227
method of false position, we get x1 - x0 1 x2 = x0 f ( x0 ) = 2 + = 2.0588 f ( x1 ) - f ( x0 ) 17 Now, f ( x2 ) = f (2.0588) = - 0.3908 i.e., that root lies between 2.0588 and 3. Taking x0 = 2.0588, x1 = 3, f ( x0 ) = - 0.3908, f ( x1 ) = 16 in (i), we get 0.9412 x3 = 2.0588 ( - 0.3908) = 2.0813 16.3908 Repeating this process, the successive approxima- tions are x4 = 2.0862, x5 = 2.0915, x6 = 2.0934, x7 = 2.0941, x8 = 2.0943 etc. Hence the root is 2.094 correct to 3 decimal places. 3. (C) Let f ( x)2 x - log10 x - 7 Taking x0 = 35 . , x1 = 4, in the method of false position, we get
Page 584
Taking 1 unit along either axis = 0.1, The curve crosses the xaxis at x0 = 2.9, which we take as the initial approximation to the root. Now let us apply NewtonRaphson method to f ( x) = x + log10 x - 3.375 1 f ( x) = 1 + log10 e x f (2.9) = 2.9 + log10 2.9 - 3.375 = - 0.0126 1 f (2.9) = 1 + log10 e = 11497 . 2.9 The first approximation x1 to the root is given by
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Chap 9.7
x1 = x0 -
f ( x0 ) 0.0126 = 2.9 + = 2.9109 f ( x0 ) 11497 .
at x = 0,
y = 1,
dy = -1 dx
f ( x1 ) = - 0.0001, f ( x1 ) = 11492 . Thus the second approximation x2 is given by x2 = x1 f ( x1 ) 0.0001 = 2.9109 + = 2.91099 f ( x1 ) 11492 .
d2 y dy =1 -2y 2 dx dx at x = 0, y = 1,
2
d2 y =1 + 2 = 3 dx 2
Hence the desired root, correct to four significant figures, is 2.911 6. (B) Let x = 28 so that x 2 - 28 = 0 Taking f ( x) = x 2 - 28, Newtons iterative method gives xn + 1 = xn f ( xn ) x 2 - 28 1 28 = xn - n = xn + f ( xn ) xn 2 xn 2
d 3y d2 y dy y = 2 2 dx 3 dx 2 dx at x = 0, y = 1, d 3y =-8 dx 3
d4 y = -2 dx 4
dy d 2 y d 3y 3 + y dx dx 2 dx 3 d4 y = 34 dx 4 dy h2 d 2 y h3 d 3 y h4 d 4 y +K + + + 3 ! dx 3 4 ! dx 4 dx 2 ! dx 2 (0.1) 2 (0.1) 3 (0.1) 4 ( -8) + 3+ 34 + ...... 2! 3! 4!
at x = 0, y = 1
Now since f (5) = - 3, f ( 6) = 8, a root lies between 5 and 6. Taking x0 = 5.5, x1 = x2 = 28 1 28 1 = 5.5 + x0 + = 5.29545 5.5 2 x0 2 28 1 28 1 = 5.29545 + x1 + = 5.2915 5.29545 2 x1 2
The Taylor series expression gives y( x + h) = y( x) + h
y(0.1) = 1 + 0.1( -1) +
= 1 - 0.1 + 0.015 - 0.001333 + 0.0001417 = 0.9138 9. (C) Here f ( x, y) = x 2 + y 2 , x0 = 0 We have, by Picards method y = y0 +
x
1 28 1 28 x3 = x2 + = 5.2915 5.2915 + 5.2915 =2 2 x 2 Since x2 = x3 upto 4 decimal places, so we take 28 = 5.2915. 7. (B) Let h = 0.1, dy = 1 + xy dx
3 2
y0 = 0
f ( x, y) dx
x0
....(1)
The first approximation to y is given by given x0 = 0, d2 y dy =x +y dx 2 dx d y d y d y =x +3 dx 4 dx 3 dx 2 y =1

4 3 2
x1 = x0 + h = 0.1
y (1 ) = y0 +
f ( x, y ) dx
0 x0
d y d y dy , =x +2 dx 3 dx 2 dx given that x = 0,
Where y0 = 0 +
f ( x, 0) dx = x dx.
2 0 0 (1 )
...(2)
The second approximation to y is given by y ( 2 ) = y0 +

x
dy d2 y d 3y d4 y = 1 ; 2 = 1, = 2 = 3 and so on , dx dx dx 3 dx 4 dy h2 d 2 y h3 d 3 y + + + 3 ! dx 3 dx 2 ! dx 2 (0.1) 2 (0.1) 3 1 + 2 +K 2! 3!
f ( x, y
x0 6
) dx = 0 +
3 7
f x,
0
x3 dx 3
The Taylor series expression gives : y( x + h) = y( x) + h
2 x =0 + x + 9 0 Now,
x x dx = 3 + 63 (0.4) 3 (0.4) 7 + = 0.02135 3 63
y (0.4) =
y (0.1) = 1 + 0.1 1 + y(0.1) = 1 + 0.1 +
0.01 0.001 + +K 2 3 = 11053 . y0 = 1
10. (C) Here
f ( x, y) = y - x ; x0 = 0, y0 = 2
We have by Picards method y = y0 +
= 1 + 0.1 + 0.005 + 0.000033 ......... 8. (B) Let h = 0.1, given x0 = 0,
x0
f ( x, y) dx
The first approximation to y is given by y (1 ) = y0 +

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dy = x - y2 x1 = x0 + h = 0.1, dx
f ( x, y0 ) dx = 2 +
x0
f ( x, 2) dx
0
Page 585
UNIT 9
= 2 + (2 - x) dx
0
=2 + 2x -
x2 2
....(1)
Eulers method gives yn + 1 = yn + h( xn , yn ) n = 0 in (1) gives y1 = y0 + hf ( x0 , y0 ) Here x0 = 0, y0 = 1, h = 0.1 ....(1)

x
f ( x, y
x0
(1 )
) dx x 2
2
=2 +
x0 2
f x, 2 + 2 x
dx
y1 = 1 + 0.1 f (0, 1) = 1 + 0 = 1 n = 0 in (1) gives y2 = y1 + h f ( x1 , y1 ) = 1 + 0.1 f (0.1 , 1) = 1 + 0.1 (0.1) = 1 + 0.01 Thus y2 = y( 0 .2 ) = 101 . ....(2) n = 2 in (1) gives y3 = y2 + hf ( x2 , y2 ) = 101 . + 0.1 f (0.2 , 101 . ) . + 0.0202 = 10302 . y3 = y( 0 .3) = 101 n = 3 in (1) gives y4 = y3 + hf ( x3 , y3) = 10302 . + 0.1 f (0.3 , 10302 . )
3
= 2 + (2 + 2 x 0 2
x2 - x) dx 2
3
=2 + 2x +
x x 2 6
x
The third approximation to y is given by y ( 3) = y0 +

x
f ( x, y
x0
(2 )
) dx x x dx 2 6
2 3
=2 +
x0 x
f x, 2 + 2 x +
2
= 10302 . + 0.03090 . y4 = y( 0 .4 ) = 10611 Hence y( 0 .4 ) = 10611 . 13. (B) The Eulers modified method gives y1* = y0 + hf ( x0 , y0 ), h y1 = y0 + [ f ( x0 , y0 ) + f ( x1 , y1*)] 2 Now, here h = 0.02, y0 = 1, x0 = 0 . y1* = 1 + 0.02 f (0, 1), y1* = 1 + 0.02 = 102 h Next y1 = y0 + [ f ( x0 , y0 ) + f ( x , y1*)] 2 0.02 =1 + [ f (0, 1) + f (0.02, 102 . )] 2 = 1 + 0.01 [1 + 10204 . ] = 10202 . So, . y1 = y (0.02) = 10202
x x =2 + dx 2 + 2 x + 2 - 6 - 0 =2 + 2x + x2 x3 x4 + 2 6 24 f ( x, y) = x + y 2 , x0 = 0 y0 = 0
11. (B) Here

x
We have, by Picards method y = y0 +
f ( x, y0 ) dx
x0
The first approximation to y is given by y (1 ) = y0 +

x
f ( x, y ) dx
0 x0 2
=0 +
f ( x, 0) dx
0
x = 0 + xdx = 2 0
x

x
* 14. (D) y2 = y1 + h f ( x1 , y1 )
f ( x, y
x0 4
(1 )
) dx = 0 +
2 5
f x,
0
x2 2
dx
= 10202 . + 0.02 [ f (0.02, 10202 . )] = 10406 . h * Next y2 = y1 + [ f ( x, y) + f ( x2 , y2 )] 2 0.02 y2 = 10202 . + [ f (0.02, 10202 . ) + f (0.04, 10406 . )] 2 = 10202 . + 0.01 [10206 . + 10422 . ] = 10408 . . y2 = y( 0 .04 ) = 10408
* 15. (C) y3 = y2 + hf ( x2 , y2 )
= 10202 . + 0.0204
x x x = dx = 2 + 50 x+ 4 0 The third approximation is given by y ( 3) = y0 +

x x
f ( x, y
x0
(2 )
) dx
x2 x5 dx =0 + f x , + 2 20 0
x 2 x7 x4 x10 x2 x5 x8 x11 = x + + + dx = + + + 2 20 160 4400 4 400 40 0
= 10416 . + 0.02 f (0.04, 10416 . ) = 10416 . + 0.0217 = 10633 . h * Next y3 = y2 + [ f ( x2 , y2 ) + f ( x3 , y3 )] 2
12. (A) x: 0
Page 586
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
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UNIT 9
1 1 k2 = hf x0 + h, y0 + k1 = (0.2) f (0.1, 0.1) = 0.202 2 2 1 1 k3 = hf x0 + h, y0 + k2 = (0.2) f (0.1, 0.101) = 0.2020 2 2 k4 = hf ( x0 + h, y0 + k3) = 0.2 f (0.2, 0.2020) = 0.20816 1 k = [ k1 + 2 k2 + 2 k3 + k4 ] 6 1 = [0.2 + 2 (.202) + 2 (.20204) + 0.20816 ], 6 k = 0.2027 such that y1 = y(0.2) = y0 + k = 0 + 0.2027 = 0.2027
h k k2 = hf x0 + , y0 + 1 2 2 = (0.2) f (0.1, 11 . ) = 0.2(1.31) = 0.262 h k k3 = hf x0 + , y0 + 2 2 2 = 0.2 f (0.1, 1131 . ) = 0.2758 k4 = hf ( x0 + h, y0 + k3) = (0.2) f (0.2, 12758 . ) = 0.3655 1 k = [ k1 + 2 k2 + 2 k3 + 2 k4 ] 6 1 = [0.2 + 2 (0.262) + 2 (0.2758) + 0.3655 ] = 0.2735 6 Here y1 = y( 0 .2 ) = y0 + k = 1 + 0.2735 12735 .
21. (C) We now to find y2 = y(0.4), k1 = hf ( x1 , y1 ) = (0.2) f (0.2, 0.2027) = 0.2 (10410 . ) 1 1 k2 = hf x1 + h , y1 + k1 2 2 = (0.2) f (0.3, 0.3068) = 0.2188 1 1 k3 = hf x1 + h , y1 + k2 2 2 = 0.2 f (0.3, 0.3121) = .2194 k4 = hf ( x1 + h, y1 + k3) = 0.2 f (0.4, .4221) = 0.2356 1 k = [ k1 + 2 k2 + 2 k3 + k4 ] 6 1 = [0.2082 + 2(.2188) + 2(.2194) + 0.356 ] = 0.2200 6 y2 = y( 0 .4 ) = y1 + k = 0.2200 + .2027 = 0.4227 22. (C) We now to find y3 = y( 0 .6 ) , k1 = hf ( x2 , y2 ) = (0.2) f (0.4, 0.4228) = 0.2357 1 1 k2 = hf x2 + h, y2 + k1 2 2 = (0.2) f (0.5, 0.5406) = 0.2584 1 1 k3 = hf x2 + h, y2 + k2 2 2 = 0.2 f (0.5, .5520) = 0.2609 1 k4 = [ k1 + 2 k2 + 2 k3 + k4 ] 6 1 = [0.2357 + 2(.2584) + 2(0.2609) + 0.2935 ] 6 1 = [0.2357 + 0.5168 + 0.5218 + 0.2935 ] = 0.2613 6 y3 = y( 0 .6 ) = y2 + k = .4228 + 0.2613 = 0.6841 23. (A) Here given f ( x, y) = x + y k1 = hf ( x0 , y0 )
Page 588
2
= .2082
24. (C) Here f ( x, y) = x + y h = 0.2 To find y1 = y( 0 .2 ) , k1 = hf ( x0 , y0 ) = 0.2 f (0, 1) = 0.2 h k . ) = 0.24 k2 = hf x0 + , y0 + 1 = (0.2) f (0.1, 11 2 2 h k . ) = 0.244 k3 = hf x0 + , y0 + 2 = (0.2) f (0.1, 112 2 2 k4 = hf ( x0 + h, y0 + k3) = (0.2) f (0.2, 1244 . ) = 0.2888 1 k = [ k1 + 2 k2 + 2 k3 + k4 ] 6 1 = [0.2 + 2(0.24) + 2(0.244) + 0.2888 ] = 0.2428 6 y1 = y( 0 .2 ) = y0 + k = 1 + 0.2428 = 12428 .
***********
x0 = 0
y0 = 1,
h = 0.2
To find y1 = y( 0 .2 ) , = (0.2) f (0, 1) = (0.2) 1 = 0.2

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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia

-2 3 is a singular matrix, then l is l (B) -2 (D) -1

9. If A is Hermitian, then iA is (A) Symmetric (B) Skewsymmetric (D) SkewHermitian

(B) 0 (D) None of these

-1 2 12. The inverse of the matrix is 3 -5 5 (A) 3 2 1 5 (B) 2 3 1

(B) Idempotent (D) None of these

(D) None of these

1 13. Let A = 5 3 4 0 1 (A) -10 2 4 -1 -1 1 (C) -10 -1 0 2 -1

0 0 , then A -1 is equal to 2 0 2 1 (B) -5 1 2 -1 -1 0 0 2

(D) None of these

(D) None of these

(D) None of these equations has 3 x - y + z = 0, a nonzero

15 x - 6 y + 5 z = 0, solution, if l is (A) 6 (C) 2 18. The

2 x - y + 3z = 0, lx + y - z = 0 has the trivial solution as the only solution, if l is (A) l (C) l 2

(D) None of these

(B) 2, 4 (D) None of these

n, A n is equal to (D) None of these 1 + 2 n (A) n 2 5 0 3 9 is 5 1 - 2 n (C) n 4n 1 + 2 n 4n 1 + 2 n 1 + 2 n (B) n - 4n 1 - 2 n

8 32. The sum of the eigenvalues of A = 4 2 equal to (A) 18 (C) 10 (B) 15

(D) None of these

cos a 38. If A a = - sin a statements : I. A a A b = A ab

(D) None of these

(B) 10 (D) None of these

cos n a III. ( A a ) n = n - sin a cos na IV. ( A a ) n = - sin na

(B) I and IV (D) II and IV

1 2 0 T 45. If A = , then AA is 3 -1 4 1 3 (A) -1 4 1 2 (C) 1 26 1 0 1 (B) -1 2 3 (D) Undefined

47. The skew symmetric matrix is 0 -2 5 (A) 2 0 6 -5 -6 0 0 1 3 (C) 1 0 5 3 5 0 1 5 2 (B) 6 3 1 2 4 0 0 3 3 (D) 2 0 2 1 1 0

1 2 43. If A = 2 1 then A -1 is 1 1 1 4 (A) 3 2 2 5 2 3 (C) 3 1 2 7 1 -2 (B) -2 1 1 2 (D) Undefined

A 49. Matrix D is an orthogonal matrix D = C value of B is 1 (A) 2 (C) 1 1 2

2 -1 1 -2 - 5 44. If A = 1 0 and B = then AB is 0 3 4 3 4 -1 -8 -10 (A) -1 -2 5 15 9 22 -1 -8 -10 (C) 1 -2 -5 15 9 22

0 -10 0 (B) -1 -2 -5 0 21 -15 0 -8 -10 (D) 1 -2 -5 9 21 15

50. If A n n is a triangular matrix then det A is (A)

2. (C) If k is a constant and A is a square matrix of order n n then kA = kn A . A = 5B A = 5B = 5 4 B = 625 B a = 625

12. (A) Since A -1 = Now, Here A = -5 Also, adj A = -2 A -1 = 1 -1 -5 -3 -1

a ji = - aij , aii + aii = 0

if i = j then aii = - aii

13. (A) Since, A -1 = ( iA ) Q = - ( iA ) 1 A =5 3 adj A == A -1 = 0 2 1 4 0 0

Similarly 1 2 2 - 2 =-6 = 6 ; M13 = M12 = 1 2 - 2 2 -2 M 21 = -2 -1 M 23 = 2 -2 -1 = - 6 ; M 22 = 1 2 - 2 = 6 ; M 31 - 2 -2 = 1 -2 =3 ; 1 - 2 =6 ; -2 =3 1

2( 35 - 4 l) + 1(20 - l) + 3(16 - 7) = 0, 70 - 8 l + 20 - l + 27 = 0, 9 l = 117 l = 13

C13 C23 C33

2 1 = 6 0 Again, one minor of order 2 is 0 3

31. (A) Since A(adj A) = A I 3 - 15 + l + 2 l + 16 = 0

This happens when ( q - f) is an odd multiple of

are the eigen values of a matrix

2 2 , l2 A, then A has the eigen values l1 2 , ........, l n . So,

eigen values of A 2 are 1, 4, 9. 28. (B) If l1 , l2 ,...., l

are the eigen values of A then A l1 , A l2 ,......, A l

the eigen values adj A are eigenvalues of adj A are

a 1 + tan 2 2 - sin a cos a a 2 1

, where n = 2. 1 - 2 n sin a cos b cos a - sin b sin b cos b

cos a 38. (D) A a A b = - sin a cos ( a + b) = - sin ( a + b)

sin ( a + b) = Aa+ b cos ( a + b)

adj {adj (adj A 2 )} = adj B = B3 = adj (adj A 2 ) = A 2

d(cos t) dt = 2 t - sin t d(sin t) et cos t dt

(D) None of these

2. Let f ( x) = sin 2 x, 0 x Then, c is equal to p (A) 4 (C) p 6

p (B) 3 (D) None

(D) None of these

16. If u = tan -1 (A) 2 cos 2 u (C) 1 tan u 4

x+ y , then x u + y u equals y x x+ y (B) 1 sin 2 u 4

1 2 h cosec2 x + K 2 1 2 h sec 2 x + K 2 1 2 h cosec2 x + K 2

(D) 2 tan 2 u x 3 + y 3 + x 2 y - xy 2 , then the value of x 2 - xy + y 2

17. If u = tan -1 x u u is +y x y 1 sin 2 u 2

(B) sin 2 u (D) 0