INTRODUCTION

What is data logging?

Data: a collection of results Data logging: process of handling data by using computer technology.

Usually data logging is the process of using a computer to collect data through sensors, analyze the data and save and output the results of the collection and analysis. Data logging also can imply and control of how the computer collects and analyzes the data. By using data logging make it easy to get the data and the data more accurately rather than we do it manually in the laboratory. Normally, data logging used in scientific experiments that have a systematic method to make sure the data is valid and accurately. It also can monitor systems where there is the need to collect information faster than a human can possibly collect the information and in cases where accuracy is essential. Examples of the types of information a data logging system can collect include temperatures, sound frequencies, vibrations, times, light intensities, electrical currents, pressure and changes in states of matter. Typically, data loggers are compact, battery-powered devices equipped with an internal microprocessor, data storage, and one or more sensors. Basically, data logger is an electronic device that records data over time or in relation to location either with a built in instrument or sensor or via external instruments and sensors. Increasingly, but not entirely, they are based on a digital processor (or computer). They generally are small, battery powered, portable, and equipped with a microprocessor, internal memory for data storage, and sensors. Some data loggers interface with a personal computer and utilize software to activate the data logger and view and analyze the collected data, while others have a local interface device (keypad, LCD) and can be used as a stand-alone device.

In its most basic form, data logging is the task of measuring and recording physical or electrical parameters over a period of time. A wide range of devices can measure and log data from basic, single measurement devices to complex systems with built-in analysis functions and displays. When selecting a data logger, take into account the following considerations.

Data logging can run by using the instrument such as sensors, hardware and computer. So, it is very important to make sure goes smoothly and get the data accurately. There is element of data logging.

There is a few measurement types regarding data loggers can measure different types of signals and sensors including the following:

Temperature Voltage Current Strain

Load Pressure Resistance Power Event/state

TYPES OF DATA LOGGER

Some applications require only a single measurement, while others may require multiple channels and multiple types of measurements. Data loggers are available with various channel configurations: single-channel devices, multichannel devices, and modular devices with a mixture of measurement types.

a)Single-Channel Data Loggers

b) Multichannel Data Loggers

c) Modular Data-Logging System

HOW DOES A DATA LOGGER WORK? First, the data logger is connected to a PC or MAC computer via a USB interface. Accompanying data logger software is used to select logging parameters (sampling intervals, start time, etc.) and activate the logger. The logger is then disconnected and deployed in the desired location, where it records each measurement and stores it in memory along with the time and date. After the desired monitoring period, the data logger is then reconnected to the computer and the software is used again to read out the data and display the measurements in graphs that show profiles over time. Tabular data can be viewed as well, or exported to a spreadsheet for further manipulation. In the case of web-based data logging systems, data are pushed to the Internet for access, and with wireless data nodes, data are transmitted to a central receiver.

WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF USING A DATA LOGGER FOR COLLECTING MY DATA?

A data logger is an attractive alternative to either a recorder or data acquisition system in many applications. When compared to a recorder, data loggers have the ability to accept a greater number of input channels, with better resolution and accuracy. Also, data loggers usually have some form of on-board intelligence, which provides the user with diverse capabilities. For example, raw data can be analyzed to give flow rates, differential temperatures, and other interpreted data that otherwise would require manual analysis by the operator. The major difference between a data logger and a recorder, however, is the way the data itself is stored, analyzed and recorded. A common recorder accepts an input, and compares it to a full scale value. The pen arm is then deflected across the recording width, to produce the appropriate ratio of the actual input to the full scale input. Other advantages is teaching and learning process will be better and achieve learning outcomes effectively. The data that we get more accurate and precisely rather than we carries out manually because must be error and careless. So, by using data logging is very useful. Besides

that, it also can save our time and reduce the time to carries out the experiment. So, we can immediately get the result and compared with other group. If the result we get not match or not correct so we can just repeat the experiment until we get the right answer because the time is not too long by using data logging. At once, it also can increase the level interest of student to learn science and enjoy doing the experiment. Automatically, they want to carries out experiment frequently. A data logger is a self-contained unit that does not require a host to operate. It can be installed in almost any location, and left to operate unattended. Data loggers have a distinct advantage over conventional interface devices, in that they operate in this stand-alone mode, and yet have the capability to dump or transfer the data to a host system, if required. Most data loggers have the ability to work similarly to standard recorders, in that they provide the user with a hard copy printout of the data recorded. This data can be immediately analyzed for trends, or stored for historical archive purposes. Data loggers can also monitor for alarm conditions, while recording a minimum number of samples, for economy. If the recording is of a steady-state nature, without rapid changes, the user may go through rolls of paper, without seeing a single change in the input. A data logger can record at very long intervals, saving paper, and can note when an alarm condition is occurring. When this happens, the event will be recorded and any outputs will be activated, even if the event occurs in between sample times. A record of all significant conditions and events is generated using a minimum of recording hardcopy. The differences between various data loggers are based on the way that data is recorded and stored. The basic difference between the two data logger types is that one type allows the data to be stored in a memory, to be retrieved at a later time, while the other type automatically records the data on paper, for immediate viewing and analysis.

EXPERIMENT: ENDOTHERMIC AND EXOTHERMIC

This experiment was carrying out in the laboratory with the help of power point to ensure the student understanding is better and more clearly. It takes about 2 hours to finish up this experiment including the discussion session. Teachers will be a facilitator that only monitoring all students to make sure they all are participates in this experiment. It also has cooperation between them in their group experiment. They also can ask question if they have confusion but teacher will not give answer to them. They will find the answer on their own.

Engaging

The 2 picture with different view are shown for student get the overview of this topic.

(A)

(B)

When the 2 picture was shown teachers will ask their student about what they are think about this picture depend on their understanding. They will use their eyes to see the situation in the picture. So, their vision is very important. Maybe their answer is not based on science fact but as long as they are trying to answer. The role of teachers is to guide them get the correct answer. There are a few questions that will ask by teacher. Questions 1. How the temperature or heat of the surrounding changes? 2. Which of this picture is endothermic reaction? 3. Which of this picture is exothermic reaction? 4. How water can freeze and melting?

Student must curious about these questions because they have to find the answer on their own when they are carrying out the experiment.

Empowering

This stage student will carry out the experiment on their own based on the procedure that has been given. They just follow the instruction carefully to make sure the data is accurate and precisely. This experiment carries out by using data logging so the equipment must be in a good condition.

Sensor

data collector

This 2 machine was used to carries out this experiment.

The data was record in the table properly regarding the result that we get from the data logging. 1. Solution of copper (II) sulphate. 2. Solution of anhydrous copper (II) sulphate.

When a process occurs in which the system absorb heat the process is call as endothermic. During an endothermic process, heat flows into the system from its surrounding. For example, when we touch the container which ice is melting it will feels cold to us because heat has passed from our hand to the container.

Since, the temperature of the solution is ascending over time; it means that the solution becomes cold because the heat was absorbed to the surrounding. So, it is called as endothermic reaction.

When a process occurs in which the system loses heat the process is called as exothermic. During an exothermic process such as combustion of gasoline heat exits or flows out of the system and into the surrounding.

Since, the temperature of the solution is descending over time; it means that the solution becomes hot because the heat was release to the surrounding. So, it is called as exothermic reaction.

Discussion a) Is the enthalpy change for this reaction exothermic and endothermic? b) What sign should the enthalpy change have? c) What is the equation for this reaction? d) What bond is breaking broken and formed in this reaction? e) What is this enthalpy change called? f) How can we make at triangle between these reaction

Enhance

This stage student will apply what they are learned from the experiment. Cold packs and putting ice in towel causes a cooling effect on their person head and temporarily relieve the pain and fever. Explain

Cold pack When the cold pack is used, the chemicals inside the pack are made to react with each other and this reaction is highly endothermic in nature Endothermic reaction involve the absorption of heat The ammonium nitrate mixing the water creates cold. The temperature of cold packs can reach back to normal temperature. The heat energy is taken into the system from the surrounding. The surrounding in this case is the persons head.

Extension Product of ammonia gas N2(g) +3H2(g).> 2NH3(g) What will happen to the reaction if we increase the concentration the mixture of the reactant mixture? If the temperature of the reaction mixture is increase, the equilibrium will shift to decrease the temperature. Based on Le Chateliers Principle which sated that if a chemical system at equilibrium experiences a change in concentration will shift in order to minimize that changes a new equilibrium is established. So, if we increase the temperature the equilibrium will shift to the reactant part is left. So, the reaction will undergo endothermic reaction as it use up heat energy. Ammonia will break down into hydrogen and nitrogen gas. An increase in temperature will decrease the yield of ammonia, NH3

Closure After experiment was finish each group will present their result and discuss what happen based on the result. Student also will identify which one is exothermic and endothermic reaction.

Conclusion As conclusion carries out the experiment by using data logging is very easy and faster. It not takes a long time to get the result. We get the result immediately and also the table with the graph. Students only do an analysis about the data and make a conclusion regarding the experiment.