Classes Class Mark Tally Frequency Cumulative

Frequency
15-20 17.5

7 7
20-25 22.5 26 32
25-30 27.5 35 67
30-35 32.5 17 84
35-40 37.5 11 96
40-45 42.5 4 100


















a.

1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 7 9 13



Mean =
n
x
x
n i
i
i
=
=
=
1






4
20
80
20
13 9 7 6 5 3 4 3 3 3 2 2 1 5
= =
+ + + + + + + +
= x


The Median is midway of the ascending sequence.

Median = 5 . 3
2
4 3
=
+


The Mode is the most frequent occurrence = 1














b.


1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 7 9


67 . 3
18
66
18
9 7 6 5 3 4 3 3 3 2 2 1 4
= =
+ + + + + + +
= x


20 = n
The mean is reduced due to the elimination of the large value of the outlier (13).



Median = 5 . 3
2
4 3
=
+


The Median remains the same on the removal of the same amount of numbers

from both sides.

The Mode is the most frequent occurrence = 1 ,stayed at the same value. Just

happened to be so.














c.

1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 7


5 . 3
16
56
18
7 6 5 3 4 3 3 3 2 2 1 3
= =
+ + + + + +
= x



The mean is reduced due to the elimination of the large values of the outliers

( 9, 13).

Thus outliers have been removed and the Mean smoothed out and approached

the value of median which is never affected by the removal of equal amounts of

values from both ends.




















Efficiency
Class
Class midpoint

i
x
Frequency

i
f
Cumulative
Frequency
i c
f

i i
x f
0-10 5 3 3 15
10-20 15 9 12 135
20-30 25 11 23 275
30-40 35 15 38 525
40-50 45 18 56 810
50-60 55 26 82 1430
60-70 65 17 99 1105
70-80 75 14 113 1050
80-90 85 5 118 425
90-100 95 2 120 190
120 =
i
f 5960 =
i i
x f


1. Mean = 67 . 49
120
5960
1
= = =

=
=
i
n i
i
i i
f
x f
x

2. To calculate the median we should first find the position of the median ;

i.e. the median class as follows;

60
2
120
2
= =
n


The first 60 >
c
f is 82 which corresponds to the class (50-60) and, hence, it is

the Median class with:

50 = L

10 50 60 = = i

56 ) (
1
=
M c
f

26 =
M
f
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
1
) (
2
M c
M
f
n
f
i
L Median

( ) 54 . 51 56 60
26
10
50 = + = Median

To calculate the Mode, first find the Modal class which is the class with the

highest frequency (26).

Hence the Modal class is (50-60)



50 = L

10 50 60 = = i

18
0
= f

26
1
= =
M
f f


17
2
= f

i
f f f
f f
L Mode
2 0 1
0 1
2

+ =



10
17 18 ) 26 ( 2
18 26
50

+ = Mode



71 . 4 = Mode