Value: what something ought to be, what we want it to be Virtue: positive and preferred value Work ethic: the

way one accepts and carries out the work Ethics: a branch of philosophy that addresses and questions about morality Personal ethics: involves for culture tradition and religion at personal, family and community level Professional ethics: involves law and government at society level Business vs Professional Model Law and Tragedy of the Commons Three types of Ethics: 1. Common morality: moral belief shared by most people 2. Personal morality: personal moral belief. Eg: Stem cell research 3. Professional Ethics: standards adopted by professionals, code of conduct Preventive vs Aspirational Ethics: rule based and character based, reactive and proactive control Ordinary and Mundane Engineering (Duty of Care) Extreme and Altruistic Engineering: sealed beam headlight, airbags (Good works) Three Models of Ethics: 1. Minimalist: does not cheat or violate law, improper professional conduct 2. Due-care: precaution, care, prevention, public safety, negligence is the failure to use due care- Tort Law 3. Good works: beyond the call of duty, citiCorp building case Virtue Ethics: action is right if support good character traits Right Ethics: everyone has the same rights: fundamentals, life, liberty, happiness, harm Universalizability: Whatever is right in one situation is right in any relevantly similar situation Duty Ethics & respect for Persons: Actions are right because of their motives, regardless of consequences. Self-respect, everyone is worthy to be respected, protecting individual more vital than majority welfare. Utilitarianism: Benefits for majority. More goods than harms. Act Utilitarianism: make decision (act) in a way that will generate most pleasure Rule Utilitarianism: follow rules to benefit most people Cost-benefits: assess the options to study its cost and benefit in dollars

Factual Issues: can be proved with proper evidence Conceptual Issues: matters of opinion or attitude. Subjective definition and evaluation Ethical ussyes: arise from facts and concepts Line Drawing Method: PP,NP Creative Middle Way: violator learns lesson, pays reasonable penalty, victim receives recompense nobody gets permanently or greatly harmed.

Acceptable Risk: informed consent, properly compensated, justly distributed. Protection of public from harm weighs more than benefiting the public Designing for safety: Design must comply applicable laws, meet the standard of acceptable practice, explore safer alternative design, foresee potential misuses Safe Exit: fail and abandoned safely, user can escape safely Normalization of deviance: accept anomalies and increase the boundaries of acceptable risks