Th Nghim Qu Trnh v Thit B

Ct Chm

1. TRCH YEU
1.1. Muc ch th nghiem
Khao sat ac tnh ong lc hoc lu chat va kha nang hoat ong cua cot chem bang
cach xac nh:
- Anh hng cua van toc dong kh va long len ton that ap suat (o giam ap).
- S bien oi cua he so ma sat cot kho fck theo chuan so Reynolds (Re) cua dong
-

kh va suy ra cac he thc thc nghiem.

S bien oi cua tha so lien he gia o giam ap cua dong kh qua cot kho va
qua cot t theo van toc dong long.

Gian o gii han kha nang hoat ong cua cot (gian o ngap lut va gia trong).

1.2.

Phng phap th nghiem.

Cho dong kh vi cac lu lng khac nhau qua cot co cha cac vat chem. Lan lt
khao sat o giam ap khi ch co dong kh chuyen ong qua cot (cot kho) va khi co
dong kh chuyen ong qua cot ket hp vi dong long chay t tren xuong vi lu
lng khac nhau (cot t).
1.3.

Ket qua th nghiem.

Bang 1:

10

L=0
P
2

L=0.2
P
3

L=0.4
P
3

L=0.6
P
3

L=0.8
P
3

L=1
P
4

L=1.2
P
4

L=1.4
P
4

15

20

10

11

11

13

25

11

11

11

13

14

15

17

30

12

13

14

15

17

18

22

26

35

13

17

18

21

24

27

27

32

40

15

22

24

25

28

30

37

44

45

19

27

29

30

36

40

56

57

50

22

33

36

38

45

54

87

102

55

25

39

43

47

78

99

127

170

60

28

55

61

68

104

143

177

227

65

34

59

70

83

168

180

273

327

70

38

63

82

92

202

264

324

75

59

67

118

121

217

325

80

64

76

133

145

258

85

73

87

163

173

330

90

80

99

177

203

95

89

113

204

248

100

100

142

272

329

G(%)

Page 1

Th Nghim Qu Trnh v Thit B

1.4.

Ct Chm

Nhan xet ket qua th nghiem.

Vi cung lu lng kh vao cot chem, khi tang lu lng dong long th o giam
ap P tang theo.

Khi lu lng dong long vao cot chem tang len th co xuat hien hien tng ngap
lut ( bat au t L = 0.6), va ngap lut en nhanh hn.

2. LY THUYET TH NGHIEM
2.1. o giam ap cua dong kh.
o giam ap Pck cua dong kh qua cot phu thuoc vao van toc khoi lng G cua dong
kh qua cot kho (khong co dong chay ngc chieu). Khi dong kh chuyen ong trong
cac khoang trong gia cac vat chem tang dan van toc th o giam ap cung tang theo.
S gia tang nay theo luy tha t 1,8 en 2,0 cua van toc dong kh.
Pck = Gn

vi n = 1,8 2,0.

(1)

Khi co dong long chay ngc chieu, cac khoang trong gia nhng vat chem b thu
hep lai. Dong kh do o di chuyen kho khan hn v mot phan the tch t do gia cac
vat chem b lng chat long chiem c. Khi tang van toc dong kh len, anh hng can
tr cua dong long tang len eu an cho en mot tr so ti han cua van toc kh, luc o
o giam ap cua dong kh tang vot len. iem ng vi tr so ti han cua van toc kh
nay c goi la iem gia trong.
Neu tiep tuc tang van toc dong kh qua tr so ti han nay, anh hng can tr ho
tng gia dong long va dong kh rat ln, Pc tang mau chong khong theo phng
trnh (1) na. Dong long luc nay chay xuong cung kho khan, cot chem iem lut.
ng bieu dien log(Pc/Z) (o giam ap suat cua dong kh qua mot n v chieu cao
cua phan chem trong cot) d kien nh trnh bay tren hnh 1.

Page 2

Th Nghim Qu Trnh v Thit B

2.2.

Ct Chm

He so ma sat fck theo Rec khi cot kho.

Chilton va Colburn e ngh mot he thc lien he gia o giam ap cua dong kh qua
cot chem kho vi van toc khoi lng cua dong kh qua cot.

Pck 2f ck

G 2Z
h w , N/m2
g Dh

(2)

Z: chieu cao phan chem, m.

G: van toc khoi lng dong kh da tren mot n v tiet dien cot, kg/s.m2.
Dh: kch thc ac trng cua vat chem, m.
g: khoi lng rieng cua pha kh, kg/m3.
h: he so ieu chnh dung cho vat chem rong.
w: he so hieu chnh anh hng cua thanh cot len o xop cua cot chem.
Sherwood tong hp ket qua cua mot so nghien cu va a ra tr so sau cho vong s
Raschig: h = 0,35
w = 1
Tuy nhien, Zhavoronkov e ngh mot he thc khac chnh xac hn v a a c tr
so o xop cua cot chem vao he thc:

Pck
Vi:

De

2f ck G 2 Z
, N/m2
2
G D e

(3)

: o xop cua vat chem.

4
: ng knh tng ng cua vat chem, m.
a

: dien tch be mat rieng cua vat chem, m2/m3.

He so ma sat fck la ham so theo chuan so vo th nguyen Rec, vi Rec c tnh theo
cong thc sau: Re c

GD e

4G
a

(4)

: o nht cua dong kh, kg/ms.

Zhavoronkov a xac nh c khi dong kh chuyen t che o chay tang sang che o
chay roi ng vi tr so Rec = 50. Trong vung chay roi, 50 < Rec < 7000 vi cot chem
3,8
ngau nhien. Ta c: f ck
Re c0,2
(5)
Tuy nhien, cac he thc tong quat tren khong c chnh xac lam v khong xem xet
c toan bo anh hng cua hnh dang vat chem.

2.3.

o giam ap Pc khi cot t.

Page 3

Th Nghim Qu Trnh v Thit B

Ct Chm

S lien he gia o giam ap cot kho Pck va cot t Pc co the bieu dien nh sau:
Pc = Pck
(6)
Do o co the d kien fc = .fck
(7)
Vi : he so phu thuoc vao mc o xoi ti cua dong long L, kg/m2s.
Leva e ngh anh hng cua L len nh sau: = 10L
(8)
Hay log = L
(9)
Gia tr tuy thuoc vao loai, kch thc, cach thc sap xep vat chem (xep ngau nhien
hay theo th t) va o ln cua lu lng dong long L. Th du vi vat chem la vong
s Raschig 12,7mm, chem ngau nhien, o xop = 0,586; gia tr cua L t 0,39 en
11,7 kg/m2s va cot hoat ong trong vung di iem gia trong.
= 0,084

p c
Mot so tai lieu con bieu dien s phu thuoc gia t so
vi he so xoi ti :
p ck
A 33

1,75 G L

Re L F L

2
2 g

Khi A< 0,3 cho vat chem bang s co d < 30mm, ta co:

ReL

4G L
Fa L

pc
1

pck (1 A)3

(10)

(11)

2.4. iem lut cua cot chem.

Khi cot chem b ngap lut, chat long chiem toan bo khoang trong trong phan chem,
cac dong chay b xao tron manh liet, hien tng nay rat bat li cho s hoat ong cua
cot chem. Goi gia tr cua GL tng ng vi trang thai nay la GL*.

Page 4

Th Nghim Qu Trnh v Thit B

Ct Chm

Zhavoronkov ket luan rang trang thai ngap lut xay ra khi hai nhom so sau co s lien
he nhat nh vi nhau cho moi cot.
2
f ck a v G 0,2
1 3
t
(12)
2g L
va

L
G

G
L

(13)

Vi fck : he so ma sat cot kho.

v : van toc dai cua dong kh ngay trc khi vao cot, m/s.
t : o nht tng oi cua chat long so vi nc, t

l
, neu chat long la
nc

nc th
t = 1.
Do o s lien he 1, 2 tren gian o log(1) log(2) se xac nh mot gian o lut
cua cot chem, phan gii han hoat ong cua cot chem di ng nay.
3. DUNG CU, THIET B VA PHNG PHAP TN
3.1. Dung cu, thiet b th nghiem
3.1.1. S o thiet b nghiem
Gom co:
-

Cot thuy tinh, ben trong la cac vong s Raschig xep chem ngau nhien.
He thong cap kh gom co:
Bm (quat) thoi kh BK.

Ong dan kh.

Ap ke sai biet ch U.
Lu lng ke kh F co o chia t 8 en 100%.

He thong cap nc gom:

Thung cha nc bang nha N.

Bm chat long BL.

Lu lng ke long Fl co o chia t 0,2 en 1,6

3.1.2. Cac so lieu lien quan en cot chem
Cot thuy tinh:
ng knh d = 0,09 m.
Chieu cao H = 0,805 m.
Chieu cao phan chem Z = 0,6 m.
Vat chem xep ngau nhien, vong Raschig ng knh 12,7mm, be mat rieng a = 370
380 m2/m3, o xop = 0,586.
ng knh ong thep ay cot D = 0,09m.

Page 5

Th Nghim Qu Trnh v Thit B

Ct Chm

3.2. Phng phap th nghiem

1) Khoa lai tat ca van long (t 1 en 4).
2) M van 5 va khoa van 6.
3) Cho quat chay trong 5 phut e thoi het am trong cot. Tat quat.
4) M van 1 va 2, sau o cho bm chay.
5) M van 3 va t t khoa van 1 e ieu chnh mc long ay cot ngang bang vi
ong nh mc g. Tat bm va khoa van 3.
6) o o giam ap cua cot kho:
Khoa tat ca cac van long lai. M van 6 con van 5 van ong. Cho quat chay
roi t t m van 5 e chnh lu lng kh vao cot.

ng vi moi gia tr lu lng kh a chon ta oc Pck tren ap ke U theo

mmH2O. o xong tat quat, ngh 5 phut.

7) o o giam ap khi cot t:

M quat va ieu chnh lu lng kh qua cot khoang 15 20%.

Page 6

Th Nghim Qu Trnh v Thit B

Ct Chm

M van 1 va cho bm chay. Dung van VL tai lu lng ke e chnh lu lng

long (lu lng ke long co vach chia 0,1; 0,2; ;1,6). Neu VL a m toi a ma

phao van khong len th dung van 1 e tang lng long.

ng vi lu lng long a chon (v du: 0,1; 0,2) co nh, ta chnh lu lng
kh va oc o giam ap Pc giong nh Pck trc o. Chu y la tang lng kh
en iem lut th thoi.

Chu y:
1) Trong qua trnh o o giam ap cua cot t can canh gi mc long ay cot luon
on nh chieu cao ay bang cach chnh van 4. Neu can, tang cng van 2 e
nc trong cot thoat ve bnh cha (van 2 dung e xa nhanh khi giam lu lng
kh).
2) Khi tat may phai tat bm long BL trc, m toi a van 4 sau o tat quat BK.
3) Neu s xuat e nc tran vao ong dan kh th m van xa nc pha bang.
4. KET QUA TH NGHIEM
4.1.

Cac tr so ket qua khi cot kho L=0

Bang 2: Khi L=0

G. %

G, kg/s.m2

Pck, N/m2

Pck/Z,
(N/m2)/m

fck

Reck

10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100

19.542
39.083
58.625
78.166
117.249
127.020
146.561
185.644
214.957
244.269
273.581
332.206
371.289
576.475
625.329
713.265
781.661
869.598
977.076

0.087
0.131
0.175
0.218
0.262
0.306
0.349
0.393
0.436
0.480
0.524
0.567
0.611
0.655
0.698
0.742
0.786
0.829
0.873

46.527
93.055
139.582
186.110
279.165
302.428
348.956
442.011
511.802
581.593
651.384
790.966
884.021
1372.559
1488.878
1698.251
1861.097
2070.471
2326.371

7.635
6.786
5.726
4.886
5.090
4.051
3.579
3.582
3.359
3.155
2.969
3.072
2.960
4.004
3.817
3.857
3.770
3.765
3.817

49.526
74.289
99.053
123.816
148.579
173.342
198.105
222.868
247.631
272.395
297.158
321.921
346.684
371.447
396.210
420.973
445.736
470.500
495.263

Page 7

Th Nghim Qu Trnh v Thit B

4.2.

Ct Chm

Cac tr so ket qua trng hp cot t

Bang : Khi L=0.2

G
(%)
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100

Pc
L=0,2
29.312
39.083
68.395
107.478
127.020
166.103
214.957
263.811
322.435
381.060
537.392
576.475
615.558
654.641
742.578
850.056
967.305
1104.096
1387.448

G (kg/s.m2)

Pc/Z

fc

log fc

log

0.0873
0.1309
0.1746
0.2182
0.2619
0.3055
0.3492
0.3928
0.4365
0.4801
0.5237
0.5674
0.6110
0.6547
0.6983
0.7420
0.7856
0.8293
0.8729

69.791
93.055
162.846
255.901
302.428
395.483
511.802
628.120
767.703
907.285
1279.504
1372.559
1465.614
1558.669
1768.042
2023.943
2303.108
2628.800
3303.447

10.520
9.351
7.890
6.733
7.013
5.582
4.931
4.935
4.629
4.347
4.091
4.233
4.079
5.517
5.260
5.315
5.195
5.187
5.260

1.500
1.000
1.167
1.375
1.083
1.308
1.467
1.421
1.500
1.560
1.964
1.735
1.658
1.136
1.188
1.192
1.238
1.270
1.420

1.022
0.971
0.897
0.828
0.846
0.747
0.693
0.693
0.665
0.638
0.612
0.627
0.611
0.742
0.721
0.725
0.716
0.715
0.721

0.139
0.139
0.139
0.139
0.139
0.139
0.139
0.139
0.139
0.139
0.139
0.139
0.139
0.139
0.139
0.139
0.139
0.139
0.139

Bang 4: Khi L=0.4

G
(%)
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100

Pc

G (kg/s.m2)

Pc/Z

fc

log fc

log

29.312
39.083
68.395
107.478
136.791
175.874
234.498
283.352
351.747
420.143
596.016
683.953
801.202
1152.950
1299.511
1592.634
1729.425
1993.235
2657.647

0.0873
0.1309
0.1746
0.2182
0.2619
0.3055
0.3492
0.3928
0.4365
0.4801
0.5237
0.5674
0.6110
0.6547
0.6983
0.7420
0.7856
0.8293
0.8729

69.791
93.055
162.846
255.901
325.692
418.747
558.329
674.648
837.494
1000.340
1419.087
1628.460
1907.625
2745.118
3094.074
3791.985
4117.677
4745.798
6327.730

13.665
12.147
10.249
8.746
9.110
7.251
6.405
6.411
6.013
5.647
5.314
5.498
5.299
7.166
6.832
6.903
6.748
6.738
6.832

1.500
1.000
1.167
1.375
1.167
1.385
1.600
1.526
1.636
1.720
2.179
2.059
2.158
2.000
2.078
2.233
2.213
2.292
2.720

1.136
1.084
1.011
0.942
0.960
0.860
0.807
0.807
0.779
0.752
0.725
0.740
0.724
0.855
0.835
0.839
0.829
0.829
0.835

0.253
0.253
0.253
0.253
0.253
0.253
0.253
0.253
0.253
0.253
0.253
0.253
0.253
0.253
0.253
0.253
0.253
0.253
0.253
Page 8

Th Nghim Qu Trnh v Thit B

Ct Chm

Bang 5: Khi L=0.6

G
(%)
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100

Pc

G (kg/s.m2)

Pc/Z

fc

log fc

log

29.312
48.854
87.937
107.478
146.561
205.186
244.269
293.123
371.289
459.226
664.412
810.973
898.910
1182.262
1416.760
1690.341
1983.464
2423.148
3214.580

0.0873
0.1309
0.1746
0.2182
0.2619
0.3055
0.3492
0.3928
0.4365
0.4801
0.5237
0.5674
0.6110
0.6547
0.6983
0.7420
0.7856
0.8293
0.8729

69.791
116.319
209.373
255.901
348.956
488.538
581.593
697.911
884.021
1093.395
1581.933
1930.888
2140.262
2814.909
3373.239
4024.623
4722.534
5769.401
7653.762

15.243
13.550
11.432
9.756
10.162
8.088
7.145
7.151
6.707
6.299
5.928
6.133
5.911
7.994
7.622
7.701
7.528
7.516
7.622

1.500
1.250
1.500
1.375
1.250
1.615
1.667
1.579
1.727
1.880
2.429
2.441
2.421
2.051
2.266
2.370
2.538
2.787
3.290

1.183
1.132
1.058
0.989
1.007
0.908
0.854
0.854
0.827
0.799
0.773
0.788
0.772
0.903
0.882
0.887
0.877
0.876
0.882

0.3003
0.3003
0.3003
0.3003
0.3003
0.3003
0.3003
0.3003
0.3003
0.3003
0.3003
0.3003
0.3003
0.3003
0.3003
0.3003
0.3003
0.3003
0.3003

Bat au xay ra ngap lut tai G=100%

Bang 6: Khi L=0.8
G
(%)
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85

Pc

G (kg/s.m2)

Pc/Z

fc

log fc

log

29.312
58.625
97.708
127.020
166.103
234.498
273.581
351.747
439.684
762.119
1016.159
1641.488
1973.694
2120.255
2520.856
3224.351

0.0873
0.1309
0.1746
0.2182
0.2619
0.3055
0.3492
0.3928
0.4365
0.4801
0.5237
0.5674
0.6110
0.6547
0.6983
0.7420

69.791
139.582
232.637
302.428
395.483
558.329
651.384
837.494
1046.867
1814.570
2419.426
3908.304
4699.270
5048.226
6002.038
7677.026

19.446
17.285
14.584
12.445
12.964
10.318
9.115
9.123
8.556
8.035
7.562
7.824
7.540
10.198
9.723
9.824

1.000
1.200
1.111
1.182
1.133
1.143
1.120
1.200
1.184
1.660
1.529
2.024
2.196
1.793
1.779
1.908

1.289
1.238
1.164
1.095
1.113
1.014
0.960
0.960
0.932
0.905
0.879
0.893
0.877
1.009
0.988
0.992

0.406
0.406
0.406
0.406
0.406
0.406
0.406
0.406
0.406
0.406
0.406
0.406
0.406
0.406
0.406
0.406

Bat au xay ra ngap lut tai G=85%

Page 9

Th Nghim Qu Trnh v Thit B

Ct Chm

Bang 7: Khi L=1

G
(%)
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75

Pc

G (kg/s.m2)

Pc/Z

fc

log fc

log

39.083
58.625
107.478
136.791
175.874
263.811
293.123
390.830
527.621
967.305
1397.219
1758.737
2579.481
3175.497

0.0873
0.1309
0.1746
0.2182
0.2619
0.3055
0.3492
0.3928
0.4365
0.4801
0.5237
0.5674
0.6110
0.6547

93.055
139.582
255.901
325.692
418.747
628.120
697.911
930.549
1256.241
2303.108
3326.711
4187.469
6141.621
7560.707

24.015
21.347
18.011
15.370
16.010
12.743
11.257
11.266
10.567
9.924
9.339
9.663
9.312
12.595

2.000
1.500
1.833
1.750
1.500
2.077
2.000
2.105
2.455
3.960
5.107
5.294
6.947
5.508

1.380
1.329
1.256
1.187
1.204
1.105
1.051
1.052
1.024
0.997
0.970
0.985
0.969
1.100

0.498
0.498
0.498
0.498
0.498
0.498
0.498
0.498
0.498
0.498
0.498
0.498
0.498
0.498

Bat au xay ra ngap lut tai G=75%

Bang 8: Khi L=1.2

G
(%)
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70

Pc

G (kg/s.m2)

Pc/Z

fc

log fc

log

39.083
58.625
107.478
146.561
214.957
263.811
361.518
547.163
850.056
1240.887
1729.425
2667.417
3165.726

0.0873
0.1309
0.1746
0.2182
0.2619
0.3055
0.3492
0.3928
0.4365
0.4801
0.5237
0.5674
0.6110

93.055
139.582
255.901
348.956
511.802
628.120
860.757
1302.768
2023.943
2954.492
4117.677
6350.994
7537.443

28.451
25.290
21.338
18.209
18.967
15.096
13.336
13.347
12.518
11.757
11.064
11.448
11.032

2.000
1.500
1.833
1.875
1.833
2.077
2.467
2.947
3.955
5.080
6.321
8.029
8.526

1.454
1.403
1.329
1.260
1.278
1.179
1.125
1.125
1.098
1.070
1.044
1.059
1.043

0.571
0.571
0.571
0.571
0.571
0.571
0.571
0.571
0.571
0.571
0.571
0.571
0.571

Bat au xay ra ngap lut tai G=70%

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Ct Chm

Bang 9: Khi L=1.4

G
(%)
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65

Pc

G (kg/s.m2)

Pc/Z

fc

log fc

log

39.083
68.395
127.020
166.103
254.040
312.664
429.913
556.933
996.618
1661.029
2217.963
3195.039

0.0873
0.1309
0.1746
0.2182
0.2619
0.3055
0.3492
0.3928
0.4365
0.4801
0.5237
0.5674

93.055
162.846
302.428
395.483
604.857
744.439
1023.603
1326.032
2372.899
3954.831
5280.863
7607.235

30.389
27.013
22.792
19.449
20.259
16.125
14.245
14.257
13.371
12.558
11.818
12.228

2.000
1.750
2.167
2.125
2.167
2.462
2.933
3.000
4.636
6.800
8.107
9.618

1.483
1.432
1.358
1.289
1.307
1.207
1.154
1.154
1.126
1.099
1.073
1.087

0.5999
0.5999
0.5999
0.5999
0.5999
0.5999
0.5999
0.5999
0.5999
0.5999
0.5999
0.5999

Bat au xay ngap lut tai G=65%

4.3.

Cac tr so ket qua khi cot lut

Bang 10:

L, gppm

L,
kg/s.m2

G*, %

G*,
Kg/s.m2

L/G*

v(m/s)

fck

0.6

9.088

100

0.8729

10.4117

0.2381

0.3561

0.749

3.817

0.8

12.118

85

0.7420

16.332

0.1738

0.5586

0.637

3.857

15.147

75

0.6547

23.1371

0.1405

0.7913

0.562

4.004

1.2

18.177

70

0.6110

29.7477

0.0905

1.0174

0.524

2.960

1.4

21.206

65

0.5674

37.3753

0.0810

1.2783

0.487

3.072

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Th Nghim Qu Trnh v Thit B

4.4.

Ct Chm

o th
o th 1: Bieu dien log(Pck/Z) theo log(G)
th log(Pck/Z) theo log(G)
4.0
3.5
3.0
y = 1.6666x + 3.3797
R = 0.9809

2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
-1.2

-1.0

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

o th 2: Bieu dien Logfck theo Re

1.0
0.9

Logfck

0.8
0.7

y = 5E-06x2 - 0.0033x + 1.0447

R = 0.9782

0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0

100

200

300

400

500

Re

600

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Th Nghim Qu Trnh v Thit B

Ct Chm

o th Pc/Z theo L va G

6500

5500
Poly. (L=0.2)
4500

Poly. (L=0.4)
Poly. (L=0.6)

Pc/Z, (N/m2)/m

3500

Poly. (L=0.8)
2500
Poly. (L=1)
1500

Poly. (L=1.2)
Poly. (L=1.4)

500

-500

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

G, kg/s.m2
o th 3: Bieu dien Pc /Z theo L va G

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Th Nghim Qu Trnh v Thit B

Ct Chm
th log(f) theo log(Re)

y = -0.5427x + 2.4301
R = 0.9727

1.6

y = -0.5354x + 2.3865
R = 0.974
1.4
y = -0.48x + 2.1995
R = 0.8824
y = -0.4061x + 1.9546
R = 0.775

1.2

L=0
L=0.2

y = -0.3334x + 1.6953
R = 0.6728

L=0.4

1.0

L=0.6

y = -0.3334x + 1.6478
R = 0.6728

L=0.8
L=1

0.8

L=1.2

y = -0.3334x + 1.5342
R = 0.6728
y = -0.3334x + 1.395
R = 0.6728

L=1.4
0.6

0.4
1.5

1.7

1.9

2.1

2.3

2.5

2.7

2.9

o th 4 : Bieu dien logfc theo log(Re)

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Th Nghim Qu Trnh v Thit B

Ct Chm

o th 5: Bieu dien log theo L (tai vai v tr cua G di iem gia trong)
Chon cac v tr G=20%, 30%, 40%
L

log (G=20%)

log (G=30%)

log (G=40%)

0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4

0.079181
0.146128
0.255273
0.255273
0.255273
0.477121
0.579784

0.037789
0.072551
0.189056
0.189056
0.280827
0.373581
0.60206

0.070581
0.09177
0.216709
0.231949
0.382335
0.485554
0.747275

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Th Nghim Qu Trnh v Thit B

Ct Chm
0.4

0.2

0
-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0.1

0.2

log(1)

-0.2

-0.4

-0.6

-0.8

-1

log(2)

-1.2

o th 6: Gian o lut cua cot log1 theo log2

4.5.

Cac ket qua, he thc thc nghiem

Kt qu thc nghim

Moi lien he

DPck/Z theo G

log(Pck/Z )= 1.6666*log(G) + 3.3797

0.2

Pc/Z =4151*G2 - 294.82*G + 94.822

0.4

Pc/Z =12689*G2 - 5264.7*G + 676.43

0.6

Pc/Z =16203*G2 7521*G + 989.92

0.8

Pc/Z =25073*G2 - 9994.4*G + 1056.2

DPc/Z theo G

fck theo Rec

fc theo Rec

Pc/Z =37938*G2 16515*G + 1750

1.2

Pc/Z =44312*G2 18017*G + 1793.4

1.4

Pc/Z =52303*G2 20894*G + 2036.8

log(fck) =5E-06*Rec 2 - 0.0031*Rec + 1.0224

0.2

log(fc)= = -0.3334*log(Re) + 1.5342

0.4

log(fc)= -0.3334*log(Re) + 1.6478

0.6

log(fc)= -0.3334*log(Re) + 1.6953

0.8

log(fc)= -0.4061*log(Re) + 1.9546

log(fc)= -0.48*log(Re) + 2.1995

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Th Nghim Qu Trnh v Thit B

theo L

1.2

log(fc)= -0.5354*log(Re) + 2.3865

1.4

log(fc)= -0.5427*log(Re) + 2.4301

Ct Chm

G=20% log()=0.3864*L-0.0165
G=30% log()=0.4262*L-0.0917
G=40% log()=0.5327*L-0.1082

5. BAN LUAN
5.1.

Anh hng cua G len o giam ap khi cot kho va khi cot t

oi vi cot kho: khi G tang th o giam ap tang theo, cu the log(Pc/Z) tuyen tnh vi logG.
oi vi cot t: khi G tang th o giam ap cung tang theo nhng chia thanh tng vung ro ret
nh gian o trong ly thuyet a e cap.Cu the t o th ta thay luc au khi G con nho th
(Pc/Z) tang cham sau o khi G u ln th (Pc/Z) bat dau tang nhanh va khi vt qua gii
han iem lut th (Pc/Z) tang rat nhanh. Khi lu lng long cang tang th gii han iem lut
cang gan hn, cot cang de gan en iem lut hn.
Sau iem gia trong th gia tr P tang len rat nhanh, ot ngot. oan thang trong vung nay
rat doc nen ta rat kho van hanh cot chem che o si bt nay mac du cot chem hoat ong tot
nhat che o o.Thc te khi tien hanh thi nghiem khi ti iem lut ta dng thi nghiem do
kho duy tr vung hoat ong iem gia trong, de i vao che o cuon theo lam nc phun ra
khoi cot.
5.2. Muc ch va cach s dung gian o f theo Re
Gian o f theo Re c lap e nham bieu dien s phu thuoc cua tr lc vao lu lng cua
dong lu chat. Neu lu lng dong lu chat long cang ln th he so ma sat f gia hai pha cang
tang, moi gia tr lu lng long co nh khi ta tang G th f giam cu the khi vi cac gia tr G
nho th f giam tng oi nhanh sau o khi G cang tang len th f giam cham va on nh 1 gia
tr (khong xet g tr G t iemmr lut tr ve sau) Lap o th nham xac nh c lu lng hp
ly e van hanh cot e tr lc nho va thu c hieu suat truyen khoi tot nhat gia hai pha vi
nhau ma cot van khong b lut..
Neu biet 1 trong hai gia tr Re hoac f th co the dung o th e xac nh gia tr con lai nh sau:
T gia tr f hoac Re a biet, ke mot ng thang theo phng ngang hoac theo phng ng,
cat o th f_Re tai mot iem. T giao iem o, ke mot ng thang vuong goc vi truc con lai
th se xac nh c gia tr can tm.
5.3.

S lien he gia cac oi tng khao sat co theo nh d oan khong? Giai thch.

S lien he gia cac oi tng tng oi gan vi vi d oan. Cu the la cac moi lien he sau:
- Log(Pck/Z) va logG la phu thuoc tuyen tnh vi nhau theo ng thang giong nh ly
thuyet a nhan nh.
- Log va L: hoan toan phu thuoc tuyen tnh vi nhau nen c the hien thanh mot ng
thang tren o th giong nh d oan.

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Th Nghim Qu Trnh v Thit B

Ct Chm

ng cong bieu dien Pck/Z theo G gan nh tuan theo qui lat ham bac hai ung nh d
oan.Cac o th Pc/Z theo G th co dang khong on nh va khong tuan theo qui luat nhat
nh phu thuoc vao cac che o lam viec cua lu lng va kh.ieu nay co the giai thch
do mot so nguyen nhan sai so.
5.4. Nguyen nhan sai so
Ket qua th nghiem tng oi phu hp vi ly thuyet cua cac dong lu chat va gan vi s d
-

oan cua cac phng trnh lien he.

Tuy nhien ket qua th nghiem cung co sai so do cac nguyen nhan sau:
Cac ieu kin th nghim khong n nh va khong giong nhau cac lan o.
-

Lu lng dong long va lu lng dong kh khong on nh do bm va quat.

Sai s khi oc va trong thao tac th nghim (do ngi oc oc khong chnh xac, do ieu
chnh lu lng kh va long cha chnh xac).
Cac cong thc s dung trong tnh toan la cong thc thc nghiem do o ch ung trong mot
gii han nhat nh, khong phai cho tat ca cac trng hp.
Cot nc duy tr ay cot khong am bao yeu cau.

Chu y:
- Khi chnh xong lu lng dong kh va dong long xong phai tien hanh oc ngay ket qua.
- Gia qua trnh th nghiem phai dng khoang 10 phut e lam nguoi thiet b, on nh he
thong roi mi tiep tuc van hanh thiet b.
6. PHU LUC
1. Chuyen oi lu lng
G(kg / s.m 2 )

G(%). K .0,286
60 xF

K, L: khoi lng rieng cua dong kh, dong long

F = 3.14* d2/4
d = 0.09m

Pck . 2 . K .D e
2. Tnh fck bang cong thc: f ck
2.G 2 .Z
Trong o:

=0.568 : o xop cua vat chem.

4
De
: ng knh tng ng cua vat chem, m.
a
a =375 m2/m3
: dien tch be mat rieng cua vat chem, m2/m3.
Z = 0.42 m : chieu cao phan chem

Page 18

Th Nghim Qu Trnh v Thit B

Ct Chm

3. Tnh fc bang cong thc:

fc = .fck
Tnh bang cong thc:
Pc = .Pck
4. oi n v o ap suat
1 N/m2 =1 mmH2O/10000* 9.81*10^4
5. Tnh Reck bang cong thc:

Re c

GD e

4G
a

Tnh iem lut cua cot chem

f a v 2 G 0, 2
1 ck3
t
2g L

L
G

G
L

7. TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

[1] Tap the CBGD bo mon May - Thiet b, Th nghiem Qua trnh-Thiet b, ai hoc Bach Khoa
Tp.HCM.
[2] Giao trnh truyen khoi ,GS.TSKH.Nguyen Bin, ai hoc Bach khoa Ha Noi
[3] Vu Ba Minh, Truyen khoi, ai hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM.

Page 19