Student number _______________

The University of Melbourne Semester 2 Assessment, 2006

Department: Subject Numbers: Subject Titles: Writing time: Reading Time:

MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING 436-439 Dynamics of Rotors 3 hours 15 minutes

This paper has 8 pages

Authorised Materials: Electronic calculators may be used

Instruction to Invigilators: Students should initially receive one 14 - page script book.

Instructions to Students: Students should attempt four questions from five. All questions are of equal weight.

This paper may be reproduced and lodged with the Baillieu library. This paper may be taken by students at the end of the exam.

436-439 Dynamics of Rotors

Student number _______________ QUESTION 1. Z

a)
Y 1
1 y1

A 1

2 m

b)

y1 2

1 y3

y1 4

3 y5

d) c)
2 y3 2 y4

k m
3 y6

2 y5

Fig. 1 The system shown in Fig. 1a) moves in the vertical plane YZ of the inertial frame XYZ. To produce its mathematical model the system was split into three subsystems shown in figure b), c), and d) subsequently. The mathematical model of the free-free beam 1 was condensed to the four coordinates shown in Fig. 1b). It is as follows &1 + K1y1 = G1 M1& y where
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 y1 G1 K11 M 11 M 12 M 13 M 14 K12 K13 K14 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 M M 22 M 23 M 24 1 K 21 M 22 K 23 K 24 ; y 1 = y 2 ; G 1 = G2 M 1 = 21 K ; = 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 K 31 M 31 y3 G3 M 32 M 33 M 34 K 32 K 33 K 34 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 y4 G4 K 41 K 42 K 43 K 44 M 41 M 42 M 43 M 44 The mathematical model of the free-free beam 2 was condensed to the three coordinates shown in Fig. 1c). It is as follows &2 + K 2y 2 = G 2 M 2& y where
2 2 2 2 2 K 33 y3 G32 M 35 K 34 K 35 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 M 45 ; K = K 43 K 44 K 45 ; y = y 4 G = G4 2 2 2 2 2 K 53 y5 G52 M 55 K 54 K 55 The third subsystem (see Fig. 1d) is assembled of the spring of stiffness k and a body of mass 3 m. This body can move along the coordinate y6 only. Produce the mathematical model of the system and solve it for the system equilibrium position. 2 M 34 2 M 44 2 M 54 2 M 33 2 M 2 = M 43 2 M 53

436-439 Dynamics of Rotors

Student number _______________ QUESTION 2.

2 1

z 1

a)

y5

b)
y1
1

y21

1 y3

y41

c)

y22

y52

y3

Fig. 2 The rotor 1 of the assembly shown in Fig. 2a) rotates with the constant angular velocity 1 and the rotor 2 rotates with the constant angular velocity 2. Motion of the free-free shaft 1 in the yz plane (see Fig. 2b)) is governed by the following equation.
&1 + K 1y1 = 0 M1& y

where
1 M 11 1 M M1 = 21 M 1 31 M 1 41 1 M 12 1 M 13

M1 22 1 M 32 M1 42

M1 23 1 M 33 M1 43

1 1 K11 M 14 1 1 K M 24 ; K 1 = 21 1 1 K 31 M 34 M1 K 1 44 41

1 K12

1 K13

K1 22 1 K 32 K1 42

K1 23 1 K 33 K1 43

1 y1 K14 1 1 K 24 1 y1 2 ; ; y = 1 1 y K 34 3 1 K1 44 y4

This shaft is permanently deformed in the plane yz and the vector of the permanent
T 1 deformation along the coordinates y1 is a1 = 0 a1 2 a3 0 .

Motion of the free-free shaft 2 (see Fig. 2c)) is governed by the following equation
&2 + K 2y 2 = 0 M 2& y

where
2 M 22 2 M 2 = M 32 M 2 52 2 M 23 2 M 33 2 M 53 2 2 K 22 M 25 2 2 2 M 35 K = K 32 2 K 2 M 55 52 2 K 23 2 K 33 2 K 53 2 2 y2 K 25 2 2 2 K 35 ; y = y3 2 y2 K 55 5

Produce: 1. the equations of motion of the rotor system shown in Fig. 2a). 2. the amplitude of the forced vibrations of the assembly along the coordinate y5.

436-439 Dynamics of Rotors

Student number _______________ QUESTION 3.

1 y0 2 L=0.025[m]

R=0.025[m]

x0

3 L=0.11[m]

1 2

Fig. 3a Figure 3a shows a design of a rig for testing the oil film journal bearing. The journal 1 is rigidly supported and rotates with the angular velocity = 2000RPM. The radial clearance r of the oil bearing is equal to 0.0005m and oil viscosity is equal to 0.02 Ns / m 2 . The bearing is loaded by means of the element 2 of mass m=5kg and the spring 3 of stiffness k =1000N/m. The uncompressed length of the spring 3 is equal to 0.1m. The static and dynamic characteristic of this bearing is given in Fig. 3b and 3d respectively. In these figures: c = e / r - non-dimensional eccentricity Fo r 2 S= Sommerfeld number 2 R 3 L Sr Sr k ij = k ij ; c ij = c ij - non-dimensional stiffness and damping coefficient respectively Fo Fo Calculate the equilibrium position (xo,yo) of the journal 1 with respect to the element 2 and produce equation for the natural frequencies of the rig.

436-439 Dynamics of Rotors

Student number _______________

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

a)

-1

-0.8

-0.6

b)

-0.4

-0.2

-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

_ xo 1

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

_1 yo
Fig. 3b

436-439 Dynamics of Rotors

Student number _______________

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

a)
c

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

yy yx xy xx

_ k

b)

35 30 25

yy

_ 20 c 15
10 5 0 -5 -10 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

yx

xy

xx

c)
c

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Fig. 3c

436-439 Dynamics of Rotors

Student number _______________

QUESTION 4. Question 4.1

L/2

L/2

a) closed ends - centre hole

b) closed ends - centre groove

c)open ends centre hole

d)open ends center grove

Fig.4.1 The figure 4.1 presents four different design of the squeeze film damper. Sketch the pressure distribution in the axial direction for each of them. Question 4.2
Ry O,o Rx
R R

x rC

O xR

Z , z , zR

t
yR
R

xR

C r rG GC y x G
R

yR

Fig. 4.2 Figure 4.2 presents the physical model of a rotor with different second moments of area of its cross-section. Equation of motion of this rotor in terms of the rotating system of coordinates xR,yR is as follows &R + cR x & R + k R x R = Fq m R& x where Fq stands for the excitation due to the residual imbalance. 2 xR Fq = 2 yR Produce the particular solution of this equation in terms of the stationary system of coordinates xy and sketch the resonance diagram.

436-439 Dynamics of Rotors

Student number _______________ QUESTION 5. Question 5.1

S C G E

Ys o Xs x C G y

yR Y y

xR

cin

Fig. 5.1 The following equation approximates motion of the rotor system above. & & + 2 z = qe it z where: z=x+iy Introduce the internal damping of the rotor into this equation.

Question 5.2 The block of mass M is supported by means of a non-linear spring of stiffness k(x) as shown in Fig. 5.2. Its motion is governed by the following equation & + k o x + kx 3 = 0 M& x Derive the relationship between the frequency and the amplitude of the natural vibration of the system.

M k(x)

Fig. 5.2
436-439 Dynamics of Rotors 8