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FROM FIRE TO OCEAN: SOUTH BAYS DANGEROUS JOBS

WRITTEN BY BRIE CADMAN PHOTOGRAPHED BY MICHAEL NEVEUX

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For most South Bay residents, Monday morning means heading off to a cubicle, a computer and a commute. But for others, the workday brings less regularity and greater risk. From scouring the bottom of the ocean to battling flames on rooftops, the following four professions are some of the riskiest jobs in the South Bay. We found out how those who ply these trades keep themselves out of harms way.

LONGSHOREMAN

Southern California is home to the two busiest ports in North Americathe Port of Los Angeles and the Port of Long Beach. And everything that moves through these bustling portsfrom ship, rail or truckis moved by a longshoreman. To say that being a longshoreman is strenuous is an understatement. It regularly includes lashing and unlashing heavy steel bars and turnbuckles that secure containers to a ships deck, moving around huge loads of cargo with cranes and trucks, and working in all types of weather. Mario Medina knows how hard and risky the job can be. As a night business agent with the International Longshore and Warehouse Union Local 13, he is the first person that gets the call when someone is injured or when an accident occurs. There is always something going on, says Medina, who has been a longshoreman for twelve years, working at both the Port of Long Beach and the Port of Los Angeles. It is physically demanding and very rugged. Everything you do, working on a ship, is rough and hard. Heavy lifting and bumpy driving mean back injuries are common, as are muscle strains, sprains and broken bones. Recently, the driver of a utility tractor rig, a type of vehicle that moves containers around the terminal yard, broke his leg after a collision ripped the cab off his rig. Then there are the fatalities, something Medina knows intimately. In 1995, his father, who was also a longshoreman, was killed on the job. He was working on a train, and at that time, there were no regular safety regulations for how they worked on trains. It came into the station, he was knocked down, and it hit him says Medina. Following his fathers death, the Pacific Coast Marine Safety Code, the handbook of safety and regulations for all dock work, was upgraded; the entire section 17, which deals with rail work, had to be rewritten. With every accident the rules change, says Medina, and as a result, safety has grown dramatically over the years. However, it can often take an extreme accident to know just what rules need altering. When a 40-foot, 8-ton shipping container fell and killed a longshoreman at the Port of Long Beach last year the regulations surrounding the proper unloading of offshore containers were overhauled. Preventing the big accidents is the goal, but for the day-to-day grind, longshoremen equip themselves with personal protective equipment like hardhats, steel-toed shoes, and safety vests.

Still, even the most adept can succumb to accidents. About ten years ago, Medina climbed into the opening of a shipping container loaded with steel. While he was down in the hatch, the load shifted and about 8,000 pounds of steel fell on his right foot, breaking every bone. He was out of work for six months and now has five pins and a screw in his foot. Everything you do, youre more alert now, says Medina of incurring an injury. Working at the busiest port in the country doesnt exactly make things easier. The sheer volume at the Port of LA necessitates a rapid pace of transfer and a high number of man-hours. But since most longshoremen have had an injury or been on a terminal when an injury has occurred, they are attuned to the inherit risk. Its always a matter of balancing safety with tonnage, says Medina.

COMMERCIAL SEA URCHIN DIVER

When Jon Wirsing came to Southern California to get his commercial diving certification over 20 years ago, it was the Wild West of the urchin fishery. At that time, anyone with 50 bucks could get a license to get sea urchin, says the Redondo Beach-based diver. People that couldnt find jobs elsewhere headed to the blue waters of SoCal, where the kelp beds were rife with sea urchin feeding on seaweed. The fishery had been thriving since the 1970s, when demand from Japan moved urchin from an underwater nuisance to the soughtafter delicacy sold as uni in sushi restaurants. Supplies have since dropped, making it a cutthroat business. Divers keep their best spots secret and their distribution networks close. California THERE ARE THE no longer issues commercial licenses, so old-timers hold on HAZARDS OF to theirs in the hopes of selling GOING DOWN INTO it off as a ticket to retirement. DEEP WATER, THE But the job is not for the DECOMPRESSION. faint of heart. As anyone who ITS BEEN THE MOST has watched Deadliest Catch knows, commercial fishing HAZARDOUS OF ANY regularly ranks as the most WORK IVE DONE. dangerous job in America; the diving aspect throws on another layer of risk.

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Jon Wirsing Commerical Sea Urchin Diver

There are the hazards of going down into deep water, the decompression. Its been the most hazardous of any work Ive done, says Wirsing, who has also been a contract diver for oil companies. Divers face the potential for capsizing, shark attacks and drowning. In addition, whenever you combine income with fishing, people are compelled to go out in hazardous conditions, in inclement weather, or to places they know they shouldnt, all for the lure of a big haul. Wirsing estimates that they lose about one boat per year, due to running aground or being caught in rough seas. They also lose divers. A great white shark killed an acquaintance off the San Miguel Islands and most divers have had their brush with the large predators. I saw one swim past me in Catalina. Everything you do, youre looking down, so maybe you dont always see them. Ive seen other sharks tooits a regular thing to see them. Another friend suffered from a CNS hitdecompression illness affecting his brainand had to have a helicopter rescue him at a dive site. Because Torrance Memorial Medical Center is the base station for Catalina Island, they receive many dive-related calls, says Michael Baker, MD, a Torrance Memorial Medical Center Emergency Room physician. Although physicians on staff are able to treat many dive-related injuries, serious problems like decompression, CO poisoning, or air emboli, need to be treated with a decompression chamber like the one on Catalina Island. Wirsing has had a few narrow escapes. Years ago, he was diving off someone elses boat with four other people. Someone accidentally disconnected his hose, forcing him to do a rapid ascent in extremely deep water, a move that couldve resulted in serious injury. Another time, while diving on the bottom of the ocean, he was suddenly jerked upward. By the time I made it to the surface I saw a sailboat had gone between me and my boat and the keel had caught my hose and drug me for about 50 feet, until my hose worked its way out from underneath his boat.
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Perhaps the most mundane injuries are those caused by the sea urchin spines. The worst one hit the tendon on my left wrist and completely immobilized my left hand until they did surgery on my wrist, remembers Wirsing. Hes had half a dozen surgeries, but also does self-removal. Sometimes an X-Acto knife and some tweezers are the fastest and cheapest way to prevent an infection. Because of previous experiences, Wirsing dives by himself, eschewing the buddy system that is common in recreational diving. But as a trained commercial diver, he is safety savvy. He stays close to shore and dives in relatively shallow water. He has a dive compressor system with proper safety valves, an extra supply of air, dive computers, and certified diving hoses. His boat is in good working order and he pays attention to the forecast. Only once has he had to spend the night at Catalina because of weather conditions. At 51, Wirsing says hes one of the younger divers in the business. Many are in their 60s or 70s, despite the physical demands of the job. I hate being cold and wet, he says. So, will he keep jumping in the frigid Pacific, scouring the bottom for the spiny creatures? My ongoing statement is that I am only going to do this for five more years. But I say that every five years.

FIREFIGHTER

When Brandi Cumin stood on the roof of a burning two-story house, flames dancing around her boots, there was just one thought that crossed her mind: at least its not that far down. Cutting holes in the roof for ventilation, fighting a fire that had already exhausted one crew, Cumin realized how close she was to potentially falling through the very surface she was standing on. Luckily for Cumin, who has been with the Torrance Fire Department (FD) for 15 years as both a fire engineer and on the hazardous materials team, she made it safely down from the roof. And thats no surprise. Yes, theres risk to our job, but were well trained, says Cumin. Training, equipment and safety precautions make firefighter fatalities relatively rare, but injuries are not. In 2011, there were over

Aurora SkarraGallagher is training to be a firefighter at an independent fire academy

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70,000 injuries occurring among firefighters, according to the National Fire Protection Association. Ive treated firefighters for all sorts of injuries, says Dr. Baker. Acute smoke inhalation can cause tissue damage, swelling in the lungs, and pulmonary edema. Firefighters can suffer from burns and carbon monoxide inhalation but are also at risk of falling and having things fall on them. The South Bay provides its own set of challenges. Here in Torrance we have a unique blend of almost every situational hazard a firefighter might encounter, says Steve Deuel, a Fire Captain with the Torrance FD. The ocean, manufacturing facilities, a large refinery and an airport all nearby, so the fire department has found that we need to be really good at everything we do, says Deuel.

heart wrenching to see a young firefighter in their 30s become hurt with a career ending injury when they are just doing their best in a bad situation, says Deuel. And then there is the risk that we all face: traffic accidents. Clearly you are taking a risk when you are driving and weaving in and out of traffic, say Cumin, who as the fire engineer, is the one behind the wheel during the rush to an emergency. In fact, vehicle collisions were the second leading cause of fatal injuries among firefighters in 2012, according to the U.S. Fire Administration. But despite potential for short and long-term risks, Cumin doesnt shy away from heading out on a call. Every time I go to work I believe that Im going home, she says. I want to do what I was trained to do.

WE CAN PROTECT OUR LUNGS BY WEARING AIR MASKS AND WE CAN PROTECT OURSELVES FROM THERMAL INJURIES BY WEARING ALL OF OUR PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. BUT WE STILL ASK OUR BODIES TO LIFT AND CONTORT IN WAYS THAT SOMETIMES SEEM IMPOSSIBLE.
One of those things is hazardous materials response. Cumin has been on the hazmat team for five years, often responding to calls for toxic chemical exposures. The crude refining process is a huge risk. One of the chemicals they use, hydrogen fluoride, eats at the bone if you touch it, she notes. For the teams responding to manufacturing exposures, wearing proper equipment and testing the atmosphere for inhalation risks is critical to preventing injuries. Exposure to harmful chemicals doesnt just happen working on the hazmat team, however. One of the big risks is after the fire is out. The products of combustion (the gases) are the worst, says Cumin, who stresses the importance of wearing a breathing apparatus even after the flames subside. Both Cumin and Deuel note the potential for long-term health problems from exposures to toxins. Perhaps the most common problem, however, is musculoskeletal. Lugging around 250-pound ladders and lifting and moving people out of buildings is not easy on the body, notes Cumin. The physical demands can result in back problems, strains, and serious injuries. We can protect our lungs by wearing air masks and we can protect ourselves from thermal injuries by wearing all of our personal protective equipment. But we still ask our bodies to lift and contort in ways that sometimes seem impossible. It can be

ROOFER

Its not hard to imagine why roofing consistently ranks as one of the most dangerous professions in constructionsteeplypitched roofs, slick surfaces, and a repetitive, physically demanding job that requires constant attention to ones surroundings. According to 2011 data from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), over 17 percent of all worker fatalities nationwide were in the construction industry; of these fatalities, the majority were due to falls. Very often, it is an inadvertent tug on a cord, a blind turn by someone with material in their hands, or improper placement of materials which causes your fellow installer to bump, trip, or fall, says Trevor Leeds, president of San Pedro-based Chandlers Roofing. Falls can be a catastrophic injury, he says, but they are usually preventable. Every crew is provided with a proper ladder tie-off device to secure their ladder from slipping and falling, and every installer is equipped with an OSHA-approved fall arrest device that anchors them to the roof and prevents them from falling to the ground, says Leeds. Weather is another factor that plays into potential hazards. Even though the Southern California sunshine provides comfortable working conditions for most of the year, crews do sometimes work in wet and windy conditions. On these days, non-complacency and attention to detail are critical. Unsecured roofing material combined with wet weather can also be catastrophic. Plywood not properly secured can turn into a surfboard very quickly on a sloped structure, says Leeds. Roofing materials can be a crucial factor in determining risk to employees. When they used to do a lot of hot mop work essentially applying molten asphalt tar on a roofburns were a regular risk of the job. Dr. Baker has also seen the effects of this work. One roofer came to the ER with black tar burns on both hands and forearms; it looked as if he was wearing black gloves, remembers Dr. Baker. The roofer was seen at Torrance Memorials Burn Center, where he received skin grafts because of the seriousness of his injury.

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UNSECURED ROOFING MATERIAL COMBINED WITH WET WEATHER CAN ALSO BE CATASTROPHIC. PLYWOOD NOT PROPERLY SECURED CAN TURN INTO A SURFBOARD VERY QUICKLY ON A SLOPED STRUCTURE.
Fortunately, advancements in roofing materials have allowed roofing companies like Chandlers to phase out of this line of work, though they still use open flame torches. Though falls may rank high in terms of seriousness, other safety concerns are more prosaic. Like firefighting, Leeds notes that drivers safety may be the single largest liability they have, as his crews are on the road daily driving to and from work sites. That means no texting while driving and seatbelts are a must. Back injuries are common to a profession that involves lifting heavy objects and bending over, while cuts from blades, nails, saws, and sharp objects are a routine hazard. Regular safety trainings and constant attention to the basics remain key to preventing small cuts and large falls. Still, those who have been in the roofing business long enough have their stories. Leeds tells of an experienced roofer improperly tying off his ladder and breaking his back; another roofing tycoon fell through a tarp and died at a construction site at his home. Dr. Baker once treated a roofer who was using a nail gun without any eye protection. A nail bounced off the surface he was working on and went straight into his eye. You could only see the end of the nail, it was all the way embedded into his eye, says Dr. Baker. Stories like these may be rare, but they are reason enough never to take safety lightly. If the roofer was wearing protective eye equipment, it wouldnt have happened, Dr. Baker says of the eye injury. Like with most work-related injuries, its about recognizing risk and taking measures to avoid injuries. The fact is, roofing is the most dangerous job in construction and as contractors we should do everything we can to protect our employees on the job, ensuring they go home safe and sound to their families every night, says Leeds. Providing them with proper training and safety equipment is critical to protecting your most valuable asset as a roofing contractoryour people.

Miguel Hernandez Foreman at Chandler Roofing

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