Inference Formulas & Conditions Test One-Sample z-test (for a population mean) Two-Sample z-test (for a difference in 2 population

means) Conditions 1.) known 2.) SRS 3.) population is normal, or large sample size (n 30) 4.) Independence 1.) 1 and 2 are known 2.) SRS 3.) population is normal, or large sample size ( n1 , n2 30) 4.) Samples are Independent 1.) SRS 2.) population is normal, or large sample size (n 30) 3.) Independence 1.) SRS 2.) population is normal, or large sample size ( n1 , n2 30) 3.) Samples are independent 1.) samples are not independent (they are matched) 2.) SRS 3.) differences are normal or large sample size (n 30) Null Hypothesis Test Statistic x Z= o n p-value normalcdf (lower limit, upper limit) normalcdf (lower limit, upper limit) Confidence Interval

Ho: = o

x z*

Ho: 1 = 2

z=

x1 x2

12 22 + n1 n2

x1 x2 z

2 12 2 + n1 n2

One-Sample t-test (for a population mean) Two-Sample t-test (for a difference in 2 population means)

x o s Ho: = o n with n 1 df x x H 0 : 1 = 2 t = 12 2 2 s1 s2 or + H 0 : 1 2 = 0 n1 n2 With smaller of n1 1 or n2 1 df t= x o s n with n 1 df t=

tcdf((lower limit, upper limit, degrees of freedom tcdf((lower limit, upper limit, degrees of freedom

* x tn 1

s n

2 2 s1 s2 ( x1 x 2 ) t * + n1 n2

Matched Pairs t-test

H 0 : d = 0

tcdf((lower limit, upper limit, degrees of freedom

* x tn 1

s n

Test One Proportion ztest

Conditions 1.) SRS 2. ) Independence: pop > 10 times sample 3. ) Normality

np 10 n(1 p ) 10

Null Hypothesis
H 0 : p = p0

Test Statistic p0 p z= p0 (1 p0 ) n

p-value Confidence Interval normalcdf (lower (1 p ) p z* limit, upper p n limit)

Note: the condition for CI is

10 and n(1 p ) 10 np

Two Proportion ztest

1.) SRS 2. ) Independence: pop > 10 times sample 3. ) Normality

H 0 : p1 = p2

H 0 : p1 p2 = 0

or

c 5 n1 (1 p c ) 5 n1 p c 5 n2 (1 p c ) 5 n2 p
H 0 : pa = p1 , pb = p2 ,...

1 1 c (1 p c ) p n + n 2 1 x + x2 c = 1 Note: p n1 + n2
2 =
(obsv. exp .) 2 exp .

z=

1 p 2 p

normalcdf (lower limit, upper limit)

1 p 2 ) (p z* 1 (1 p 1 ) p (1 p 2) p + 2 n1 n2

Chi Square Goodness of Fit Test Chi Square test for independence t-test for the slope of a linear regression equation

1.) SRS or data is from an entire population. 2. ) all expected counts are 5 1.) all expected counts 5

df=# of categories - 1
H 0 : there is no

cdf( statistic, 100000,df) cdf( statistic, 100000,df) tcdf((lower limit, upper limit, degrees of freedom

association between the variables (independent)

2 =

(obsv. exp .) 2 exp .

df= (# rows 1)(# columns 1)

b t= SEb

1.) y responses are independent. 2.) y responses are normal. 3.) standard deviation about the regression line remains constant. 4.) variables are linearly related

H0 : = 0

Degrees of freedom =
n 2

* b t S E b `