My lecture slides are posted at http://www.physics.ohio-state.

edu/~humanic/ Information for Physics 112 midterm, Wednesday, May 2 1) Format: 10 multiple choice questions (each worth 5 points) and two show-work problems (each worth 25 points), giving 100 points total. 2) Closed book and closed notes. 3) Can make up your own equation sheet on a single normal sized piece of paper (8.5 x 11"), both sides of sheet -- handwritten -- no worked out problems -- only equations and physical constants allowed -- signed equation sheet must be turned in with the exam 4) Covers the material in Chapters 18, 19, 20 Electricity only

Chapter 21 Magnetic Forces and Magnetic Fields

21.3 The Motion of a Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field

Conceptual Example 2 A Velocity Selector A velocity selector is a device for measuring the velocity of a charged particle. The device operates by applying electric and magnetic forces to the particle in such a way that these forces balance. How should an electric field be applied so that the force it applies to the particle can balance the magnetic force? From RHR-1, FM points upward, so FE should point downward so the forces balance, i.e., FM - FE =0 --> FM = FE Since FM = qvB FE = qE

Then, qvB = qE --> v = E/B , knowing E and B gives v independent of q

21.3 The Motion of a Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field

Work done on a charged particle moving through electric and magnetic fields. For a constant force, F, --> WAB = Fs = KE where s is the displacement along the direction of F and KE is the change in the KE. The electrical force can do work on a charged particle since it can displace the particle in the direction of the force and thus change its kinetic energy.

The magnetic force cannot do work on a charged particle since it acts perpendicular to the motion of the particle so that no displacement occurs along the direction of the force and thus its speed remains constant and its kinetic energy does not change.

21.3 The Motion of a Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field

The circular trajectory.

Since the magnetic force always remains perpendicular to the velocity, if a charged particle moves perpendicular to a uniform B-field its path will be circular. The magnitude of the force remains constant and it is directed toward the center of the circular path, i.e. it is the centripetal force for the motion. Centripetal Force

v2 Fc = m r v2 qvB = m r mv r= qB

FM = F c

Solve for r

Example. Find the radius of curvature for a fast electron with speed v = 2 x 107 m/s in a) the Earths magnetic field at the surface, and b) in a 10 T magnetic field.

a) BEarth ~ 0.5 gauss = 0.5 x 10-4 T r = mv/(qB) = (9.11 x 10-31)(2 x 107)/[(1.6 x 10-19)(0.5 x 10-4)] = 2.3 m

b) B = 10 T r = mv/(qB) = (9.11 x 10-31)(2 x 107)/[(1.6 x 10-19)(10)] = 1.1 x 10-5 m = 11 m

21.5 The Force on a Current in a Magnetic Field

A magnet force can be exerted on charged particle moving in a magnetic field. A magnetic force can also be exerted on a current of charged particles moving in a magnetic field, e.g. a current in a wire The magnetic force on the moving charges pushes the wire to the right. Use RHR-1 to find the direction of the force on a wire by putting the thumb in the direction of the velocity of moving positive charges, i.e. the thumb points in the direction of the conventional current.

21.5 The Force on a Current in a Magnetic Field

Derivation of the force F on a wire of length L with current I and angle with the B field.

F = qvB sin

( q % F =& vt )B sin #( t ' $ L

I

F = ILB sin

21.5 The Force on a Current in a Magnetic Field

Example 5 The Force and Acceleration in a Loudspeaker The voice coil of a speaker has a diameter of 0.025 m, contains 55 turns of wire, and is placed in a 0.10-T magnetic field. The current in the voice coil is 2.0 A. (a) Determine the magnetic force that acts on the coil and the cone. (b) The voice coil and cone have a combined mass of 0.020 kg. Find their acceleration.

21.5 The Force on a Current in a Magnetic Field

(a)

F = ILB sin = (2.0 A)[55(0.025 m)](0.10 T)sin 90o = 0.86 N

(b)

F 0.86 N a= = = 43 m s 2 m 0.020 kg

21.5 The Force on a Current in a Magnetic Field

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) propulsion for ships and submarines. MHD propulsion uses the principle of forces on charged currents in magnetic fields. As water is expelled from the rear of the ship by the magnetic force, Newtons 3rd law causes the ship to recoil forward with the same force. Has promise to be a low-noise, reliable and inexpensive system.

21.6 The Torque on a Current-Carrying Coil

First, consider the forces on a current-carrying loop in a magnetic field: The two forces on the loop have equal magnitude but an application of RHR-1 shows that they are opposite in direction.

21.6 The Torque on a Current-Carrying Coil

The loop tends to rotate such that its normal becomes aligned with the magnetic field.

21.6 The Torque on a Current-Carrying Coil

Derivation for the net torque on a current-carrying loop in a B field.

torque = (force) x (moment arm)

A = Lw

1 ) ( ) Net torque = = ILB(1 w sin + ILB 2 2 w sin = IAB sin

Magnetic moment of the coil

For a coil of N loops (turns)

= NIA B sin

21.6 The Torque on a Current-Carrying Coil

Example 6 The Torque Exerted on a Current-Carrying Coil A coil of wire has an area of 2.0x10-4m2, consists of 100 loops or turns, and contains a current of 0.045 A. The coil is placed in a uniform magnetic field of magnitude 0.15 T. (a) Determine the magnetic moment of the coil. (b)Find the maximum torque that the magnetic field can exert on the coil.
magnetic moment

(a)

NIA = ( 100 )(0.045 A ) 2.0 10 4 m 2 = 9.0 10 4 A m 2

4 2 4 (b) = NIA B sin = 9.0 10 A m (0.15 T )sin 90 = 1.4 10 N m

magnetic moment

21.6 The Torque on a Current-Carrying Coil

The basic components of a dc motor.

Split-ring commutator

21.6 The Torque on a Current-Carrying Coil

How a dc motor works.

When a current exists in the coil, the coil experiences a torque.

Because of its inertia, the coil continues to rotate when there is no current.