A PERSONAL PROOF OF THE STOKES' THEOREM:

Leonardo Rubino leonrubino@yahoo.it February 2012 For www.vixra.org

Abstract: in this paper you will find a personal, practical and direct demonstration of the Stokes Theorem. The Stokes Theorem (practical proof-by Rubino!): If we have a volume, we can hold it as made of many small volumes, as that in Fig. 1; for every small volume, the following holds: (and so it holds also for the whole volume) y
dz -dx -dy dy dx -dz 0 Walk dl

r B

r r r r r r r B d l = rot B d S = B dS
l S S

Fig. 1: For the Stokes Theorem (proof by Rubino). r r Lets figure out B dl : On dz B is Bz; on dx B is Bx; on dy B is By; Bz B dx z dy , for 3-D Taylors development and also because to go x y from the center of dz to that of dz we go up along x, then we go down along y and nothing along z itself. B B B B Similarly, on -dx B is B x x dz + x dy and on -dy B is B y y dx + y dz . x z z y By summing up all contributions: on -dz B is B z + r r B B B B B dl = Bz dz ( B z + z dx z dy )dz + Bx dx ( B x x dz + x dy )dx + By dy x y z y B B B y B B B B B dx + y dz )dy = ( z y )dydz + ( x z )dxdz + ( y x )dxdy = + (B y y z z x x y x z r r v r r r (dydz ) , y (dxdz ) , z (dxdy ) ] whereas here dS has got components [ x = rotB dS = B dS that is, the statement: r r r v r r r B d l = rot B d S = B dS , after having reminded of:
l S S

 x r r r rotB = B = x Bx

y y By

z . z Bz ---------------------------------

Appendix) Divergence Theorem (a well known and practical proof): y

dz B C F G

r E
D H E

E dS = divE dV
S V

dy

dx

x Fig. 2: For the Divergence Theorem.

r Name the flux of the vector E ; we have: r r dABCD = E dS = Ex ( x, y, z )dydz ( y means y mean) dEFGH = Ex ( x + dx, y , z )dydz , but we obviously know that also: (as a development): E ( x, y , z ) Ex ( x + dx, y , z ) = Ex ( x, y , z ) + x dx so: x E ( x, y, z ) dEFGH = Ex ( x, y, z )dydz + x dxdydz and so: x E d ABCD + d EFGH = x dV . We similarly act on axes y and z: x E d AEHD + dBCGF = y dV y E d ABFE + dCGHD = z dV z And then we sum up the fluxes so found, having totally: r r r E y Ez E d = ( x + )dV = (div E )dV = ( E )dV therefore: + x y z r r r r r r S ( E ) = d = E dS = divE dV = ( E ) dV that is the statement.
S V V

Bibliography:

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1) ( L. Rubino) http://vixra.org/pdf/1201.0002v1.pdf Thank you for your attention. Leonardo RUBINO

leonrubino@yahoo.it