ROSNAWATI JAIM

OUMH2103

OPEN UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA

FAKULTI PENDIDIKAN DAN BAHASA OUMH2103 ENGLISH FOR SCIENCE & TECHNICAL PURPOSES
ASSIGNMENT TUGASAN SEMESTER SEPTEMBER 2012

NAME MATRIKS NO

: : : : NAMES : : :

ROSNAWATI BINTI JAIM 731023125308002 010-5205308 rose_5308@yahoo.com

ANN ANURADAH A/P FRANCIS THANGAM

TELEPHONE NO E-MAIL E- TUTOR

LEARNING CENTRE DATE

OUM KOTA KINABALU 17 NOVEMBER 2012

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PART A : ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION EFFECTS

1.0 Introduction According to WHO, garbage is something that is not in use, is not favorably disposed or something derived from human activity or activities and does not occur by itself (Chandra, 2007). Recently, there are many forms of garbage that does not only consist of physical goods such as plastics, bottles, cans and so on. However, waste can also be classified as waste or discarded material of any kind on non-place. Examples include chemicals, solid waste, and so on. However, in the context of Malaysia, the waste dedicated to physical objects that can be seen, touched and held. Garbage is also a form of human material removed by a particular individual or not in place. Garbage is often thrown into the trash. However, there is a party or individual that does not make junk in place and cause the natural spoiled Apply as soil contamination and water pollution. This is because, not only made litter on the ground. On the other hand, was thrown into the sea, rivers, ponds, ditches, etc. that cause river pollution and odor pollution.

2.0 Detrimental Effects Of Littering Based on the definition mentioned above, it can be seen that the waste is waste or discarded material in many places to provide a lot of adverse effects on humans. Among the adverse effects are:-

a) Environmental Pollution Effects One of the adverse effects of waste is a problem of environmental pollution. Garbage everywhere can increase the rate of pollution affecting the river pollution, soil contamination and odor pollution as described below:Water Pollution: Today, frequent garbage dump into the sea, river, ponds, lakes and ditches, which also increases the rate of water pollution. E.g., river is the lifeblood of aquatic life such as fish, crabs and shrimp. If the river is contaminated with rubbish thrown by people, then this kind of aquatic habitat

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will be affected and may cause aquatic life is difficult to live their lives. Garbage into the river can also be messy and cause rivers to overflow waste a lot happening. Things like this can cause a dam in the river is prone to damage as a result of waste through the dam. This will also cause problems for process water for the daily needs of man. Finally, people also have problems to get clean water mains due to the dam that can not function properly.

Figure 1: Garbage Pollution In River

Soil Pollution: Removal of garbage all over the place can also cause soil contamination. Garbage left on the ground like plastic will cause the plastic to settle into the soil and can affect the mineral content in the soil. This will also lead source of protein needed by the plant will decline and, consequently habitat disturbed and affected plants. Indirectly, this sort of thing will restricting the amount of oxygen diffusion process by the plant and thus pose a health hazard to humans.

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Figure 2: Garbage Pile Side Road Surface Odor Pollution: Rubbish thrown all over the place will also give rise to unpleasant odors and can invite flies, mosquitoes and cockroaches to breed in the waste area. This in turn will cause odor nuisance problems to nearby residents and in turn may cause a health threat to nearby residents.

b) Health Threat Moreover, garbage dumped everywhere can also invite various forms of human illness that can affect human health. As known to many, rubbish and left lying in a bad situation can encourage presence of mosquitoes and flies such as Aedes mosquito. Aedes mosquitoes and flies which alight on the waste which then rested upon human food will bring with bacteria and germs that can pose a threat to human disease. Examples such as diarrhea and cholera caused by contamination of food taken effect. This means that the food consumed by humans that have been contaminated with germs and bacteria carried by mosquitoes and flies that were perched on an abandoned junk yard. Indirectly, the risk of illness for those living near the garbage disposal area is managed well, will rise to greater heights. Indirectly, things like this will affect human health and can lead to death.

c) Keep Sight Garbage that is left and not well managed will also present you with a brazenly bad to anyone who sees it. Every man wants a clean and healthy air in order to ensure a more comfortable, safe and secure. However, the garbage is managed well and the human action of throwing garbage into many places will lead to a view that does not want to be seen by humans, let alone through the area. For example, as shown in the picture in the figure 3. In the figure 3 it can be seen that the individual is in the picture is pointing to garbage and cover your mouth and nose. This indicates that the individual is not willing to smell the garbage that can affect the level of health. In the meantime, garbage is left as is also able to create views just across healthy and well and able to motivate a person to not go through the area. This will also show the attitude of society that does not prioritize health and selfishness. Things like this

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would not happen if everyone has a sense of responsibility to maintain cleanliness and natural beauty. However, the human attitudes of selfish cause garbage thrown all over the place causing the heap of rubbish that recorded views and vision.

Figure 3: Garbage Pile In Residential Area

d) Ozone Depleting Substances Garbage that is left idle and not governed well can cause thinning of the ozone layer. Although thinning of the ozone layer has been attributed to the activities of air pollution, but the garbage all over the place also able to enhance the effects of ozone depletion.

e) Bad Image To Tourists Adverse effects of waste others are giving bad image to the foreign tourists. As known to many, Malaysia is famous for its beauty and peace that is enjoyed by people of all races. For travelers who first came to Malaysia and see garbage all over the place at tourist locations visited, then it will give a negative perception of the foreign tourists attitude of Malaysian society and culture do not practice healthy living. Indirectly, the perception of tourists to Malaysias beautiful will change the perception of Malaysias dirty. Things like this can also affect foreign tourist arrivals into the country and further thwart efforts to promote the country to foreigners.

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As the known masses, the country has gone to the tourism industry in the country. It is very disappointing when we see recreational areas such as beaches and resort gardens contaminated by debris caused by visitors to the place itself. This includes forest areas which often occur hikers leave trash in the forest areas. I believe that one of the attractions of this areas is an authentic condition clean and fresh. Thus if the area is already polluted by garbage so it will not be so attractive anymore and to clean the remote areas like this is not easy. However, such efforts will not ferment goals and the objectives if community attitudes and behaviors that often throw trash everywhere unaltered.

From the explanations above, it is seen that there are many negative effects and adverse effects of garbage to you, society, nation and the animals and plants. This means that the adverse effects of this waste are not only borne by men only. On the other hand, was borne by the animals and plants as has been described above.

3.0 Conclusion Based on information and explanations that have been mentioned and discussed, garbage has many adverse effects and negative effects. Therefore, efforts should be made to ensure littering ills can be addressed effectively. Among the measures that can be done is:a) Parents should always show the example for the children to always throw garbage in the trash and not throw trash all over the place as to the river, and so on. b) The government should tighten the law and provide greater punishment to those who acted throw trash everywhere. For example, imposing compound RM10, 000 to those found throwing garbage everywhere, littering from vehicles and so on. c) The mass media should enhance their role and function to always alert the community to the importance of cleanliness and beauty of nature and not throw trash everywhere.

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By carrying out such efforts, the awareness among the public will be able to set up and enhanced, thus able to overcome the problem of irregular garbage and discarded in trash bins provided.

TOTAL : 1,431 WORDS

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PART B

Based on the diagram above, hurricanes and tornadoes are two natural occurrences that have differences and similarities. Among the differences between the hurricanes and tornadoes are as follows: -

a) Genesis Resources Cyclone is a form of nature arising from water which occurs as a result of vibration or physical changes in the sea floor. Examples such as earthquakes on the ocean floor that could cause sea water conditions are unstable and eventually cause a hurricane. Meanwhile, waterspout was from inclement weather conditions which led to the wind conditions are very terrible. This is also to be among the factors that contributed to create conditions that shaped longitudinal rotation of water into the soil, also known as a tornado. This means that hurricanes and tornadoes exist from two different natural resources.

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b) Detecting Device Every act of nature that occurs can be detected by using a special tool. Examples such as hurricanes, which can be detected using special equipment installed at the water surface. An example might be Tsunameter used to detect any changes in the sea floor that can cause a tsunami that could eventually lead to storms and hurricanes. In contrast to the presence of a tornado which are difficult to predict and have no particular equipment to detect the presence of a tornado. Equipment that exists today is equipment to detect the weather conditions and the possibility of thunderstorms. Nevertheless, every Thunderstorm does not necessarily produce a tornado.

c) Nature of Related Mutual The third difference can be seen between hurricanes and tornadoes are nature hurricanes which can result in a tornado. Hurricanes that occur also bring winds and storms which can produce tornadoes. Unlike the tornados where possible to produce a hurricane.

As such, it can be seen that both hurricanes and tornadoes have different properties and characteristics as mentioned above. However, two incidents of this nature also have similarities. Among them are:-

a) Strong and Destruction Hurricanes and tornadoes are natural incident very strong and can destroy everything he encounters. Examples such as hurricanes Sandy did in the United States that destroyed homes, crops, pets and communication systems. Similarly, a lot of tornadoes occur in the United States that can cause damage to properties. This means that both the creation of the universe has the same strength that could destroy everything he encounters.

b) Dangerous Lives Hurricanes and tornadoes are also very dangerous to humans, which can threaten human lives. When a country will identify the presence of a hurricane or tornado, then

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the people who are in these areas will be asked to respond to a safer place. This is because natural occurrences such as this can cause death as katrina storm ever to hit the U.S. and Sandy hurricanes that hit people in many regions of the country.

Thus, it is seen that hurricanes and tornadoes also similar as that described above.

TOTAL : 479 WORDS

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REFERENCES Berita Harian, (2002), Takungan Air Punca Runtuhan Siasatan Awal Ikram Tragedi Tanah Bukit Ranapkan Rumah Jeneral Ismail, Taman Hillview, Ulu Klang Selangor Berita Harian, (2006), Tanah Runtuh Di Kampung Pasir, Ulu Klang, Selangor Ibrahim Wahab (1991), Perancangan Bandar Aspek Fizikal Dan Kawalan Pembangunan, Dewan Bahasa Pustaka, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia,Kuala Lumpur. Ismawi Haji Zen (1996), Hubungan Manusia Dengan Alam Sekitar Dalam Bentuk Spatial : Kertas Dasar, Untuk Jabatan Perancangan Bandar dan Desa, Malaysia Bagi Kajian Doktrin Perancangan dan Pembangunan Sejagat. Jasmah Ahmad & Siti Razmah Idris, (2001). Pencemaran Udara Dan Bunyi, Siri Utamakan Alam Sekitar Anda, Penerbit Mikamas, Selangor Persatuan Pencinta Alam 1995, Kemusnahan Tanah tinggi Hujan Tropika Dan Implikasinya, Dewan Kosmik Mei Sham Sani, Abdul Hadi dan Jamaluddin Md. Jahi (1993), Alam Sekitar Dan Pengurusannya Di Malaysia. UNESCO, Malaysia