Hydraulics Laboratory Experiment Report

Name:

Ahmed Essam Mansour

Section: "1", Monday 2-5 pm Title: Date: Sluice Gate study 19 November,2006

Objectives:
To calculate the coefficient of discharge for a vertical sluice gate. To estimate the force on the gate.

Theory:
A sluice gate is a structure used to control water levels and flow rates by controlling the height of water passing below the gate. Part A: Calculation of coefficient of discharge The flow rate through a sluice gate is related to the heads upstream and downstream by using Bernoulli equation;

This measures the value of Q theoretically, but the actual flow rate is less than that measured due to viscous resistance between the upstream and downstream, this reduction can be represented by the coefficient of velocity Cv;

The contraction at the downstream has the same properties as a hydraulic orifice, and so has to be represented by the coefficient of contraction Cc;

From these two coefficients, the coefficient of discharge can be represented to relate the actual and theoretical flow rates under the sluice gate;

Part B: Calculation of force on the gate The force acting on the gate has to be measured in order to have an appropriate design of the gate. The force on gate can be found by using the control volume of the figure; this control volume is acted upon by: 1. Hydrostatic force at the upstream F1. 2. Hydrostatic force at the downstream F2. 3. Force acted by the gate on the stream Fg. (Non hydrostatic) 4. Force due to change of momentum Fx. Note that the shear force can be neglected.

In the experimental work, two sets of reading are to be taken while the depth of the gate is increased gradually, one with constant Q to view the effect on the depth upstream, the other ones with constant depth upstream to view the effect on the flow rate.

Apparatus:

Procedures:
1. Set the flow rate to a constant value (66 L/min), and change the depth of the gate on basis of 5 mm a time, and the corresponding depths upstream and downstream were measured. 2. Keep the depth at the upstream constant (180 mm), and change the depth of the gate on basis of 5 mm a time, and the corresponding flow rate readings were recorded.

Results:

Conclusions:
1. As noticed from the plots relating depth of gate 'dg' and rate of flow 'Q' for a constant upstream depth 'd1', increasing the depth of the gate will increase the flow rate through the sluice. 2. As noticed from the plots relating depth of gate 'dg' and the depth of water upstream 'd1' for a constant 'Q', increasing the depth of the gate will decrease the depth of water upstream. 3. The values of coefficient of velocity 'Cv' and the coefficient of contraction 'Cc' are larger for the constant 'd1' data that those of constant flow rate data. 4. The coefficient of discharge is larger for the constant 'd1' data that those of constant flow rate data. 5. From the force plots, it is seen that the ratio of Fg/Fh approaches one for several depth ratios, which implies that the differences between the actual force on gate can be represented by the hydrostatic force acting on the gate.