Stochastic Channel Modelling

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Wireless Communication
Chapter: Wireless Propagation Channels Section: Channel Models, Indoor Propagation

Stochastic Channel Modelling

Contributed by Peter E. Leuthold and Pascal Truffer In principle, three different domains determine the radio signal transmission: the operation scenario, dispersion phenomena of wave propagation and transceiver characteristics. The Table below shows a generic scheme of all the effects which have to be considered with regard to the set-up of the stochastic radio channel model

Table 1: Generic scheme of effects to be considered for stochastic radio channel model (SCRM) Of course, the deterioration of the transmission quality is strongly depending on the signal processing, i.e. modulation, coding, detection etc., but these aspects are beyond the scope of a mere channel model. The operation scenario implies some fundamental data like frequency range, system bandwidth and environments, i.e. urban, rural, indoor etc. which even impress the general character of a wireless transmission link due to the relationship between the topographical features and the wavelength or the time resolution, respectively. Dispersion in frequency, time, direction and polarization is a crucial aspect of radio communication. We have to distinguish between multipath propagation where each path suffers from a multiplicity of well-known effects as well as temporal uctuations which can be split off in short-term or small-scale uctuations (fast fading) and long-term or large-scale uctuations comprising gradual and sudden changes of path parameters mainly because of movements either of the mobile terminals (MT) or reectors and scatters, respectively. Transceiver characteristics contributing to the SCRM are the parameters which describe the MT movement and the antenna conguration with its radiation pattern and diversity properties. Concluding from this table, the consideration of all aspects leads to a rather high computational complexity of the SRCM. The dedication of the SRCM to a certain class of operation scenario, i.e. the delivery of indoor services with a given maximum bit rate (bandwidth) at a prescribed frequency range, is a rst step toward a simplied model approach. Moreover, the identication of a few types of environment allows a remarkable complexity reduction. Thus, four important indoor situations have been chosen [2]: small rooms large rooms factory halls corridors Obviously, the allocated frequency range plays a key role with respect to the path loss while the room dimensions inuence directly the delay spread (DS). Referring to the uncertainty relation the system bandwidth is inversely proportional to the time resolution and, therefore, determines the necessary sampling rate of the model. Furthermore, the question arises if it would be possible to neglect those effects that are expected to have only little impact on the system performance. Indeed, different levels of model complexity can be introduced according to the transmission constellation or the needed accuracy, respectively. As an example, two reduced complexity levels are proposed [2]: a) Minimum complexity : frequency range bandwidth type of environment path loss

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Stochastic Channel Modelling

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multipath propagation fast fading MT mobility b) Medium complexity : Minimum complexity according to a) plus shadowing transitions The evaluation of future generations of indoor RLAN equipped with smart antennas and intended for unrestricted mobile operation will require full complexity channel modelling.

Wireless Communication Peter E. Leuthold and Pascal Truffer, 1999

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