Bernadette V.

Bernardo BSCS 4A

1. Explain the Regalian Doctrine. All lands of the public domain belong to the State, which is the source of any asserted right to ownership of land. All lands not otherwise appearing to be clearly within private ownership are presumed to belong to the State. All lands not otherwise clearly appearing to be privatelyowned are presumed to belong to the State. 2. What are the rules on the lease by citizens, private corporations or associations of alienable lands of public domain? All lands of the public domain, waters, minerals, coal, petroleum, and other mineral oils, all forces of potential energy, fisheries, forests or timber, wildlife, flora and fauna, and other natural resources are owned by the State. The State shall protect the nation's marine wealth in its archipelagic waters, territorial sea, and exclusive economic zone, and reserve its use and enjoyment exclusively to Filipino citizens. Lands of the public domain are classified into agricultural, forest or timber, mineral lands and national parks.

3. What is the IPRA Law? On October 29, 1997, the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act was ratified into Philippine law. A broad description of the act is that it was designed to recognize the land rights of the indigenous Filipino people and redress significant historical injustices against the indigenous people. The aim of the act is to rectify historical violations of the rights of indigenous Filipino people during eras of rule by the Spanish Crown, the American colonial government, and later the Philippine republic. The act outlines a purpose of: "An act to recognize, protect and promote the rights of indigenous cultural communities/indigenous peoples, creating a national commission on indigenous peoples, establishing implementing mechanisms, appropriating funds therefor, and for other purposes." (Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997, 1997)

4. What is the purpose/function of NEDA? The National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA)( Pambansang Pangasiwaan sa Kabuhayan at Pagpapaunlad), as mandated by the Philippine Constitution, is the countrys independent economic development and planning agency. It is headed by the President as chairman of the NEDA board, with the Secretary of Socio-Economic Planning, concurrently NEDA Director-General, as vice-chairman. Several Cabinet members, the Central Bank Governor, ARMM and ULAP are likewise members of the NEDA Board. 5. Explain the provision of franchise certificate or authority to operate public utility. What is the rule and limitations for foreign investments on public utility?

No franchise, certificate, or any other form of authorization for the operation of a public utility shall be granted except to citizens of the Philippines or to corporations or associations organized under the laws of the Philippines, at least sixty per centum of whose capital is owned by such citizens; nor shall such franchise, certificate, or authorization be exclusive in character or for a longer period than fifty years. Neither shall any such franchise or right be granted except under the condition that it shall be subject to amendment, alteration, or repeal by the Congress when the common good so requires. The participation of foreign investors in the governing body of any public utility enterprise shall be limited to their proportionate share in its capital, and all the executive and managing officers of such corporation or association must be citizens of the Philippines.

6. What are the qualifications of the governing Board of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas? What is the function of BSP? Objectives: The BSPs main primary objective is maintain price stability conducive to balanced and sustainable economic growth. The BSP also aims to promote and preserve monetary stability and the convertibility of the national currency. Responsibilities: The BSP provides policy directions in the areas of money, banking and credit. It supervises operations of banks and exercises regulatory powers over non-bank financial institutions with quasi-banking functions. Functions of the BSP: Under the New Central Bank Act of 1993, the BSP performs the following functions, all of which relate to its status as the Republics central monetary authority. Liquidity Management. The BSP formulates and implements monetary policy aimed at influencing money supply consistent with its primary objective to maintain price stability. Currency issue. The BSP has the exclusive power to issue the national currency. All notes and coins issued by the BSP are fully guaranteed by the Government and are considered legal tender for all private and public debts. Lender of last resort. The BSP extends discounts, loans and advances to banking institutions for liquidity purposes. Financial Supervision. The BSP supervises banks and exercises regulatory powers over non-bank institutions performing quasi-banking functions. Management of foreign currency reserves. The BSP seeks to maintain sufficient international reserves to meet any foreseeable net demands for foreign currencies in order to preserve the international stability and convertibility of the Philippine peso. Determination of exchange rate policy. The BSP determines the exchange rate policy of the Philippines. Currently, the BSP adheres to a market-oriented foreign exchange rate policy such that the role of Bangko Sentral is principally to ensure orderly conditions in the market. Other activities. The BSP functions as the banker, financial advisor and official depository of the Government, its political subdivisions and instrumentalities and GOCCs.

7. Enumerate the rights of workers guaranteed by the Constitution. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall be issued except upon probable cause to be determined personally by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be inviolable except upon lawful order of the court, or when public safety or order requires otherwise as prescribed by law. Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the preceding section shall be inadmissible for any purpose in any proceeding. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil or political rights.

8. Enumerate the rights of farmers and farm workers guaranteed by constitution. What are the rights of fisherman? Farmers and Farm Workers By law, undertake an agrarian reform program founded on the right of farmers and

regular farm workers who are landless, to own directly or collectively the lands they till or, in the case of other farm workers, to receive a just share of the fruits thereof. Recognize the right of farmers, farm workers, and landowners, as well as cooperatives, and other independent farmers' organizations to participate in the planning, organization, and management of the program, and shall provide support to agriculture through appropriate technology and research, and adequate financial, production, marketing, and other support services.

Resettle landless farmers and farm workers on its own agricultural estates which shall be distributed to them in the manner provided by law.

Fisherman Protect the rights of subsistence fishermen, especially of local communities, to the

preferential use of the communal marine and fishing resources, both inland and offshore. It shall provide support to such fishermen through appropriate technology and research, adequate financial, production, and marketing assistance, and other services. The State shall also protect, develop, and conserve such resources. The protection shall extend to offshore fishing grounds of subsistence fishermen against foreign intrusion. Fish workers shall receive a just share from their labor in the utilization of marine and fishing resources.

9. What is the composition of Commission on Human Rights? What are the powers and functions of CHR? Section 2 of Article XIII of the Constitution states that the Commission on Human Rights be composed of a Chairperson and four members. Qualifications are set for the positions. One must be a natural-born Filipino; must be at least 35 years of age at the time of appointment and must not have been a candidate for any elections immediately preceding their appointment. It also states that majority of the Commission shall be members of the Philippine Bar.

Powers and Functions of CHR

INVESTIGATE, on its own or on complaint by any party, all forms of human rights violations involving civil and political rights; ADOPT its operational guidelines and rules of procedure, and cite for contempt for violations thereof in accordance with the Rules of Court; PROVIDE appropriate legal measures for the protection of human rights of all persons within the Philippines, as well as Filipinos residing abroad, and provide for preventive measures and legal aid services to the under-privileged whose human rights have been violated or need protection; EXERCISE visitorial powers over jails, prisons, or detention facilities; ESTABLISH a continuing program of research, education, and information to enhance respect for the primacy of human rights; RECOMMEND to Congress effective measures to promote human rights and to provide for compensation to victims of violations of human rights, or their families; MONITOR the Philippine Government's compliance with international treaty obligations on human rights; GRANT immunity from prosecution to any person whose testimony or whose possession of documents or other evidence is necessary or convenient to determine the truth in any investigation conducted by it or under its authority; REQUEST the assistance of any department, bureau, office, or agency in the performance of its functions; APPOINT its officers and employees in accordance with law; and PERFORM such other duties and functions as may be provided by law.

10. What are the highlights on Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports as provided for in the 1987 Constitution?

The State shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels, and shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all. The State shall foster the preservation, enrichment, and dynamic evolution of a Filipino national culture based on the principle of unity in diversity in a climate of free artistic and intellectual expression. The national language of the Philippines is Filipino. As it evolves, it shall be further developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages. The State shall give priority to research and development, invention, innovation, and their utilization; and to science and technology education, training, and services. The State shall foster the preservation, enrichment, and dynamic evolution of a Filipino national culture based on the principle of unity in diversity in a climate of free artistic and intellectual expression. The State shall promote physical education and encourage sports programs, league competitions, and amateur sports, including training for international competitions, to foster self-discipline, teamwork, and excellence for the development of a healthy and alert citizenry.