International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)

Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org, editorijaiem@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 3, March 2013 ISSN 2319 - 4847

Optical Interleave Division Multiple Access (OIDMA) System-A Review

Arpana Thakur1, Himanshu Sharma2
1

M.tech student, M.M Engineering College, Mullana (Ambala), Haryana, INDIA

Asstt. Prof. ECE Deptt. M.M Engineering College, Mullana (Ambala), Haryana, INDIA

ABSTRACT
As the bandwidth and power become scarce to support the ever increasing throughput requirements, more efficient techniques play more important roles in future communication systems. The need of faster and more reliable communication systems has been felt these last years and the sharing of the huge optical bandwidth between users needs appropriate access techniques. In order to meet these requirements, Optical IDMA (OIDMA) presents an attractive solution.

Keywords: Interleave Division Multiple Access (IDMA), Multiple Access Interference (MAI), Interleaver, Bit Error Rate (BER).

1. INTRODUCTION
In Interleave division multiple access (IDMA), users are assigned with specific interleavers instead of PN-sequences as in case of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems to differentiate amongst users. The scheme considered is a special case of CDMA in which bandwidth expansion is entirely performed by low-rate coding. An interleaver-based multiple access scheme gives high spectral efficiency, improved performance and low receiver complexity. IDMA scheme shows an interleaver as the only means to distinguish the signals amongst users, and hence called as Interleave division multiple access (IDMA). This scheme inherits many advantages from CDMA such as dynamic channel sharing, mitigation of cross-cell interferences, asynchronous transmission, ease of cell planning, and robustness against fading. It also allows a low complexity multiple user detection techniques applicable to systems with large numbers of users in multipath channels. IDMA allows the use of low rate forward error correction (FEC) codes to maximize coding gain. Furthermore, it allows a very simple chip-by-chip (CBC) iterative multiuser detection (MUD) strategy. The normalized MUD cost (per user) is independent of the number of users, that is, its computation cost is very low.

2. INTERLEAVERS
Interleavers are the key component in designing of IDMA systems. Interleaver is the only means to separate users in IDMA system. Because Once the interleaver is assigned to the user, it is fixed so, it is important that the interleaver used in IDMA system should be efficient and least complex. It not only provides decorrelation between adjacent bit sequences but also provide a means for decorrelating various users. The correlation between interleavers should measure how strongly signals from other users affect the decoding process of a specific user .

3. OPTICAL IDMA (OIDMA)

Interleave Division Multiple Access (IDMA) is a recently proposed multiple access scheme which relies on an iterative multiuser detection. With the increasing number of users it is required to get the higher transmission capacity to support the projected growth in traffic levels, and the exponential use of the Internet together with an increase in the number and range of new services. All optical fiber networking is considered to be the central solution for higher capacity. The huge inherent bandwidth of single mode optical fiber has already been one of the major transmission media for long distance Telecommunication with very low losses. To fully utilize the single mode optical fiber bandwidth, optical multiplexing techniques have been deployed. There are three multiplexing alternatives: wavelength division multiple access (WDMA), optical time division multiple access (OTDMA) and optical code division multiple access (OCDMA). The need of faster and more reliable communication systems has been felt these last years and the sharing of the huge optical bandwidth between users needs appropriate access techniques. In order to meet these

Volume 2, Issue 3, March 2013

Page 325

International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)

Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org, editorijaiem@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 3, March 2013 ISSN 2319 - 4847
requirements, Optical IDMA (OIDMA) presents an attractive solution. This scheme inherits many advantages such as flexibility of asynchronous and decentralized networking, potentially secure and uncongested high-rate data transmission, total bandwidth utilization by all network users, both high rate and low rate transmission achieved, reduced multiple access interference (MAI), better bit error rate (BER).

4. SYSTEM MODEL OF OIDMA SCHEME 4.1 Transmitter Structure

The upper portion of Figure 1, demonstrates the transmitter structure of the optical IDMA scheme with K simultaneous users. The input data sequence dk of user-k is encoded based on a low-rate code C which generates a coded sequence Ck [Ck(1)..Ck(j)..Ck(J)]T, where J is the frame length. The elements in Ck are referred to as coded bits. Then Ck is permutated by an interleaver , producing Xk [Xk(1). Xk(j).. Xk (J)]T. The elements in Xk is called chips. It can be an FEC code, or a spreading sequence (spreading is also a special form of coding), or a combination of the two. From a performance point of view, it is advantageous to use a low-rate FEC code that can provide an extra coding gain. The key principle of IDMA is that the interleavers {opted for user separation, should be orthogonal for all users. It is assumed that the interleavers are generated independently and randomly. These interleavers disperse the coded sequences so that the adjacent chips are approximately uncorrelated, which facilitates the simple chip-by-chip detection.

Figure 1: System model of OIDMA. After the interleavers electrical-to-optical convertor (E/O) is used to get optical pulses, which are combined in a combiner and then pass through an optical fiber. 4.2 Receiver Structure Lower portion of figure 1 shows optical IDMA receiver. The receiver consists of an optical-to-electrical convertor (O/E), an elementary signal estimator (ESE) and K single-user decoders (DECs). At the receiver front we used optical detectors (P-I-N or avalanche photo detector (APD)). Optical detectors must have a wide bandwidth and sharp response to achieve the high bit-rate which is required by such a system. The interleaved data is arranged back into the original sequence with the help of de-interleaver which is then decoded and original data of user-k can be reproduced.

Volume 2, Issue 3, March 2013

Page 326

International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)

Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org, editorijaiem@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 3, March 2013 ISSN 2319 - 4847 5. MODULATION SCHEMES
Modulation schemes which are famously used are QPSK and BPSK. Binary data are represented by two signals with different phases in BPSK. Typically these two phases are 0 and these signals are called antipodal. The reason that they are chosen is that they have a correlation coefficient of -1, which leads to the minimum error probability for the same Eb/No. Among all MPSK schemes, QPSK is the most often used scheme since it does not suffer from BER degradation while the bandwidth efficiency is increased. Other MPSK schemes increase bandwidth efficiency at the expenses of BER performance.

6. CONCLUSION
OIDMA is well suited for modern communication system. Main features are robustness against interference, high spectral efficiency as well as power efficiency. Interleaving is used to overcome correlated channel noise such as burst error or fading, improve efficiency and performance in OIDMA systems. In this paper, we have presented the system model of optical IDMA (OIDMA) scheme that reduces Multiple Access Interference (MAI) and provides better Bit Error Rate (BER).

References
[1] Bilim, Develi and Kapucu, The BER performance of IDMA systems with Weibull and mixed interleaver, IEEE Conference on Signal Processing and Communications Applications, pp. 1-4, 2012. [2] K. Kusume, W. Utschick, and G. Bauch, IDMA vs. CDMA: Analysis and Comparison of Two Multiple Access Schemes, IEEE Transaction on Wireless Communications, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 78-87, January 2012. [3] C. Sanchez, B. Ortega, and J. Capmany, OFDMIDMA for Uplink Transmission in Passive Optical Networks, IEEE Photonics Journal, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1-13, February 2012. [4] Monika Gupta, D. Shakti, M. Shukla, P. Kumar, Interleave Design for IDMA in Opical Environment, In Proceedings of International Conference on Communnications & Electronics (ICCE), pp. 214-219, 2012. [5] M. Shukla, Monika Gupta, S. Tiwari, P.S. Sharma, S. Shukla, Optical Interleave Division Multiple-Access Scheme for Long Distance Optical Fiber Communication, IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research (ICCIC), pp. 1-4, 2010. [6] M. Shukla, M. Gupta, Performance analysis of Tree Based Interleaver with iterative IDMA receivers using optimum power allocation algorithm, IEEE International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology (ICETET), pp. 1173-1177, 2009. [7] M. Shukla, V.K. Srivastava, S. Tiwari, Analysis and Design of Tree Based Interleaver for Multiuser Receivers in IDMA Scheme, IEEE International Conference on Networks ICON 2008, Delhi, India, pp. 1-4, Dec. 13-14, 2008. [8] O. Nagy, M. C. Reed and Z. Shi, Optimal detection of IDMA signals, In Proceedings of the IEEE WCNC, Hong Kong, pp. 11-15, March 2007. [9] K. Kusume, G. Dietl, W. Utschick, and G. Bauch, Performance of Interleave Division Multiple Access based on minimum mean square error detection, in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun., pp. 29612966, 2007. [10] Li Ping, Wang, and Peng, Recent Progress in Interleave-Division Multiple-Access (IDMA), IEEE Military Communications Conference MILCOM 2007, pp. 1-7, 2007. [11] Li Ping, Kai Li and X. Wang, Analysis and Optimization of Interleave-Division Multiple-Access Communication Systems, IEEE Transaction on Wireless Communications, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 1973-1983, May 2007. [12] Zvi Rosberg, Optimal Transmitter Power Control in Interleave Division Multiple Access (IDMA) Spread Spectrum Uplink Channels, IEEE Transaction on Wireless Communications, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 192-201, January 2007. [13] L. Ping, L. Liu, K. Wu, and W. K. Leung, Interleave division multiple access, IEEE Transaction on Wireless Communications, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 938-947, April 2006. [14]H. Wu, L. Ping and A. Perotti, User-specific chip-level interleaver design for IDMA System, IEEE Electronics Letters, vol. 42, no.4, pp. 233-234, Feb 2006. [15] C. Schlegel, R. Kempter, and P. Kota, A novel random wireless packet multiple access method using cdma, IEEE Transaction on Wireless Communications, vol.5, no.6, pp. 1362-1370, June 2006.

Volume 2, Issue 3, March 2013

Page 327