The Life of Christ by Ralph M.

Riggs

Copyright This text is a revision of the book entitled The Life of Christ by Ralph M. Rigg s. The Africa Theological Training Service (ATTS) expresses its appreciation to Gospel Publishing House (G PH) and the Berean School of the Bible (BSB), the current copyright owner, for allowing the original book to be adapted for use in Africa. GPH and BSB retain all rights to the original and revised text. ATTS retains rig hts only for the cultural adaptations and the instructional materials contained in this work. All Scripture quotations, unless otherwise indicated, are from the HOLY BIBLE, N EW INTERNATIONAL VERSION. Copyright .1973, 1978, 1984, International Bible Society. Used by permi ssion of Zondervan Publishing House. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. All rights reserved. . 1968 Gospel Publishing House (transferred to the Berean School of the Bible) 1445 Boonville Ave. Springfield, MO 65802 USA . 1999 Africa Theological Training Service 2622 N. National Ave. Springfield, MO 65803 USA tel: (417) 862-7216 fax: (418) 862-1867 ISBN 1 891110 12 8 ii

Contents The Discovery Series ........................................................... ................................................................. Abbreviations................................................................... .................................................................... Unit 1: The Thirty Years of Private Life Chapter 1: The World at the Time of Christ s Birth................................ ............................................. Chapter 2: Events before Christ s Birth........................................... ..................................................... Chapter 3: The Birth of Christ.................................................. ............................................................ Chapter 4: Events in Christ s Early Life.......................................... ..................................................... Chapter 5: Christ s Continued Growth.............................................. ................................................... Unit 2: Early Galilean Ministry Chapter 6: John and the Baptism of Christ....................................... .................................................... Chapter 7: Arrival in Galilee and Capernaum .................................... .................................................. Chapter 8: A Ministry Tour of Galilee .......................................... ....................................................... Chapter 9: The Sermon on the Mount and More Miracles............................ ....................................... Chapter 10: John Questions Jesus; Unbelief Is Condemned ........................ ........................................ Unit 3: The Second, Third, and Fourth Periods of Galilean Ministry Chapter 11: Ministry on and near the Sea ....................................... ..................................................... Chapter 12: The Bread of Life Gives Bread and Healing .......................... .......................................... Chapter 13: Transfiguration, Demon Deliverance, and Continued Teaching ......... ............................. Chapter 14: Discipleship, the Disciples, and the Lepers ........................ .............................................. Unit 4: Departure from Galilee for Jerusalem Chapter 15: Rebukes, Prayers, and Healings...................................... .................................................. Chapter 16: Great Teachings of Christ .......................................... ....................................................... Chapter 17: Two Men Named Lazarus............................................... .................................................. Chapter 18: On the Road to Jerusalem ........................................... ...................................................... Chapter 19: Greatness in the Kingdom............................................

..................................................... Unit 5: The Passion Week Chapter 20: Entering Jerusalem.................................................. .......................................................... Chapter 21: More Clashes with Religious Leaders ................................ .............................................. Chapter 22: Teaching on the Mount of Olives .................................... ................................................. Chapter 23: The Final Passover Meal............................................. ...................................................... Unit 6: Trials and the Crucifixion Chapter 24: Three Jewish Trials................................................. .......................................................... Chapter 25: Three Roman Trials ................................................. ......................................................... Chapter 26: Christ s Crucifixion and Burial....................................... .................................................. iii

iv The Life of Christ Unit 7: The Forty Days after His Resurrection Chapter 27: The Resurrection Events............................................. ...................................................... Chapter 28: Jesus Appears to His Disciples ..................................... .................................................... Chapter 29: Christ s Ascension, Present Ministry, and Future Return............... .................................. Appendix A: Map of Palestine at the Time of Christ ............................. .............................................. Appendix B: Bible Stories about Jesus........................................... ...................................................... Appendix C: The Miracles of Christ ............................................. ....................................................... Appendix D: The Parables of Christ.............................................. ....................................................... Glossary ....................................................................... ...................................................................... Resources for Additional Study.................................................. .......................................................... Index .......................................................................... ....................................................................... Scripture Index................................................................. ....................................................................

The Discovery Series Target Audience The Discovery Series is a new curriculum being developed by the Africa Theologic al Training Service (ATTS). The audiences for these books are: diploma-level Bible school students pastors who have completed a similar level of pastoral training laymen who sense a call into some form of ministry General Features Listed below are some of the general features of Discovery Series texts. 1. They are written with the African ministry context in mind. This commitment is r eflected in the choice of words; in the illustrations; and in the clear, concise presentation of conten t and discussion questions. Discussion questions, in particular, encourage application of the book s content t o ministry in Africa. 2. They use the most appropriate instructional methodology. Their instructional des ign reflects the theoretical and research contributions of a diverse group of scholars. Research findings from the fields of education, psychology of learning, educational psychology, and personality ar e integrated into the theoretical foundation for this Series. An example of this instructional methodology is the use of English as a Second L anguage (ESL) principles. The books do indeed grapple with complicated issues. However, they d o so using words and sentence structures that do not pose unnecessary barriers to comprehension. 3. They are affordable. Text development is being done in Africa. Printing is done in Africa as well, wherever ATTS can find acceptable local printing resources. This approach ensure s that the cost of the books is as low as possible. Our unswerving goal is that all students and pastor s will be able to purchase their own copy of each Discovery Series book. 4. They are published in both English and French. Africa-based French translation b egins as soon as the content of the English version is set. This commitment ensures that issues of tr anslation are considered early in the development process as the books are being initially developed in Eng lish. ATTS is also eager to assist any region in the process of producing the Discovery Series in o ther languages. 5. They are written for use in the classroom. ATTS believes that the African studen t learns best in a

dynamic group context, not by simply attempting to write lecture notes in a note book. We envision a lively classroom, filled with the sounds of question-asking, discussion, and sel f-generated applications and illustrations of the text material. 6. They are written with a commitment to balancing good scholarship and practical a pplication. The Discovery Series seeks to avoid the error of providing education for education s s ake. This series is designed to produce men and women of God who are capable of ministering effectiv ely in the African pastoral context. v

vi The Discovery Series Specific Instructional Features As the name Discovery Series implies, these texts are designed for student parti cipation. This is illustrated by features contained in each chapter. 1. Content-oriented questions appear throughout each chapter, so students can conti nuously interact with the material. 2. Additional homework and class discussion questions allow students to apply the c hapter s content to an African ministry context. 3. Each chapter is organised around one or more achievable objectives. All instruct ional materials and all study questions in a given chapter focus on the achievement of that chapter s obje ctive(s). 4. Each chapter is outlined in detail to allow students and instructors to identify quickly the materials in the chapter. In addition, each Discovery Series text includes: a table of contents a list of figures a list of abbreviations a glossary of difficult or specialised terms a reference list of other works cited a list of recommended learning materials for additional study an index a Scripture index Development of The Life of Christ The Life of Christ by Ralph M. Riggs is a revision of the book by the same title . It has been adapted for use in Africa by permission of Gospel Publishing House (original copyright owner) an d Berean School of the Bible (current copyright owner). It is published by ATTS as a part of its mandate to p roduce curricular materials for Africa s training programmes. An international publication team operates under the authority of the ATTS Curri culum Committee. Members of this team include Dr. Marvin Gilbert, Dr. John York, Dr. Dewey Huston , Kakpo Akibo, Charlemagne Ekpelikpeze, Pastor Bernard Kpataclo, Brenda Smith, Gildas Adogli, P ascal Folly, Erin Smith, Pastor Zacharie Delma, and Rosie Gilbert. Special assistance was given by Dr. Qu

entin McGhee and Beverly Graham in the early stages of this revision.

Abbreviations Ge Genesis Ex Exodus Lev Leviticus Nu Numbers Dt Deuteronomy Jos Joshua Jdg Judges Ru Ruth 1Sa 1 Samuel 2Sa 2 Samuel 1Ki 1 Kings 2Ki 2 Kings 1Ch 1 Chronicles 2Ch 2 Chronicles Ezr Ezra Ne Nehemiah Est Esther Job Job Ps Psalms Pr Proverbs Ecc Ecclesiastes SS Song of Songs Isa Isaiah Jer Jeremiah La Lamentations Eze Ezekiel Da Daniel Hos Hosea Joel Joel Am Amos Ob Obadiah Jnh Jonah Mic Micah Na Nahum Hab Habakkuk Zep Zephaniah Hag Haggai Zec Zechariah Mal Malachi Mt Matthew Mk Mark Lk Luke Jn John Ac Acts Ro Romans 1Co 1 Corinthians 2Co 2 Corinthians Gal Eph Php Col 1Th 2Th 1Ti Galatians Ephesians Philippians Colossians 1 Thessalonians 2 Thessalonians 1 Timothy

2Ti 2 Timothy Tit Titus Phm Philemon Heb Hebrews Jas James 1Pe 1 Peter 2Pe 2 Peter 1Jn 1 John 2Jn 2 John 3Jn 3 John Jude Jude Rev Revelation NIV New International Version NASB New American Standard Bible KJV King James Version vii

viii The Life of Christ

Unit 1 Thirty Years of Private Life Chapter One The World at the Time of Christ s Birth Objectives: Describe the spiritual and political condition of Israel at the time of Christ s birth. Explain how the Roman Empire prepared the world for the spreading of the gospel. Chapter Two Events before Christ s Birth Objectives: Explain the importance of the virgin birth. List the miracles that happened before the birth of Christ. Contrast the reactions of Zachariah and Mary to the angel s announcements to them. Summarise the prophecies given by Zachariah and Mary. Chapter Three The Birth of Christ Objectives: Contrast the reaction to Christ s birth by the following people: Herod, the Magi, the shepherds, the Jewish leaders, Simeon, Anna, Mary. Explain how the Roman government, without knowing it, helped to arrange Christ s b irthplace. Define the word incarnation, giving the Scripture references to support the defi nition. Chapter Four Events in Christ s Early Life Objectives: Describe everything that happened to Jesus in the temple. Explain the meaning of the name Jesus. State the significance of each gift brought by the Magi. Explain the reasons Jesus was taken to Egypt. Chapter Five Christ s Continued Growth Objectives: Describe Christ s growth and development during His first thirty years. Explain the importance of Jesus visit to the temple at age twelve. 1

The Life of Christ

Chapter One The World at the Time of His Birth Objectives Describe the spiritual and political condition of Israel at the time of Christ s b irth. Explain how the Roman Empire prepared the world for the spreading of the gospel.

Chapter Outline I. Jewish life A. Israel s long decline B. Synagogues and the Jewish religion C. Israel s religious leaders II. The Roman Empire Key Words captivity........... The Southern Kingdom of Judah was taken into captivity in 5 86 B.C. religious........... Israel s religious leaders played an important role in the na tion after the Captivity. Roman ............. The Roman army defeated all of their enemies. synagogues...... Synagogues were the centres of learning for the Jews. I. Jewish Life killed those who predicted the coming of the Righteous One (Ac 7:52). A. Israel s Long Decline The nation of Israel had been in decline for many centuries. The kingdoms of David and Solomon were the largest and strongest in Israel s history. After Solomon died, the Jewish people entered a long period of spiritual backsliding. Great men of God sometimes called the people back to repentance and true worship. But these prophets were often rejected by the people. Jesus told the religious leaders of His day, You are the descendants of those who murdered the prophets (Mt 23:31). Stephen was the first martyr in the New Testament Church. He also rebuked the Jewish leaders: Was there ever a prophet your fathers did not persecute? They even Q 1 What did the Jews do to many of the prophets? Q 2 How was Stephen s death like the death of many prophets in Israel? Israel s decline led to the captivity of the northern ten tribes. Their captivity took place in 721 B.C. Later, the Southern Kingdom of Judah

also went into captivity. The captivity of Judah in Babylon began in 586 B.C. The Jewish people were held captive in Babylon for seventy years. Then King Cyrus granted their freedom. Zerubbabel as governor and Joshua the high priest led a small group of Jews back to Jerusalem. The people had godly spiritual 3

The Life of Christ leaders to help them rebuild the temple. The prophets Haggai and Zechariah ministered to the people who first returned to Israel. Q 3 In what year was Judah taken into captivity? Q 4 How long did the people of Judah stay in Babylon as captives? Two generations passed with a small number of Jews living in Israel again. Ezra and Nehemiah then led another group of Jews back to Jerusalem. Ezra and Nehemiah were great men of God. They helped to restore the pure worship of God in Israel. The Jews who came back from captivity never again practised idolatry. However, they did later return to sin and spiritual deadness. This was the condition of Israel s religious leaders at the time of Christ s birth. The last Old Testament prophet was Malachi. He prophesied about four hundred years before the birth of Christ. Israel had many problems during those four hundred years of darkness. It was conquered by many nations. The Persians, the Greeks, and then the Romans all defeated the Jews. God allowed this as judgement because of the spiritual decline in Israel. Q 5 Why was Israel conquered by so many nations? B. Synagogues and the Jewish Religion The Jews practised a legalistic form of worship of the One True God. They were strict about the rule of their religion. Their worship included regular services at the temple, with many types of animal sacrifices. They also celebrated their annual feasts in Jerusalem. The Jews started synagogues while they were in captivity in Babylon. They did this to keep Judaism from dying in a strange land. Q 6 State an example of legalistic Jewish worship.

Q 7 Why did the Jews start synagogues in Israel after their captivity? The leaders of the synagogues were called

rabbis, or teachers. The rabbis taught the Law of Moses to the people. They also taught other laws or regulations that seemed to be just as important as the Law. Israel s leaders believed that these manmade laws and the Law of Moses all had to be obeyed. Thus the religious burden placed upon the people became very heavy. Jesus referred to these man-made laws as the traditions of the elders. Peter later said that these traditions were a yoke that neither we nor our fathers have been able to bear (Ac 15:10). Q 8 The religious burden placed upon the Jews became heavy after their release from cap tivity. Why did this happen? C. Israel s Religious Leaders The rabbis were the teachers in the local Jewish synagogues. However, the Pharisees were the chief teachers of Jewish religious traditions. These men carefully practised all of the outside signs of religious duty. But the Pharisees ignored their inward spiritual condition. They did not try to keep their hearts pure. And they ignored God s command to show mercy, love, and true faith. The Pharisees did believe in the future coming of the Messiah. But they believed that the Messiah would restore Israel s national political power. The Jews hated the foreign armies that had repeatedly defeated their nation. They wanted a strong, political Messiah who would lead them to victory over the Roman army. Q 9 What was the spiritual condition of the Pharisees? Q 10 Describe the kind of Messiah the Pharisees were expecting. Another important sect in Israel was the Sadducees. These men were usually wealthy and politically powerful. The Sadducees were very liberal in their understanding of the Old Testament. They did not believe in many things that the Pharisees taught. For example, the Sadducees did not believe in the future resurrection of the dead. In fact, the Sadducees did not believe in much except for national power and personal wealth! They rejected all teachings about miracles, angels, and demons (see Ac 23:8). Some of the Sadducees even became supporters of wicked King Herod. Thus, these men were called Herodians.

Chapter One The World at the Time of His Birth Most of the people in Israel were neither Pharisees nor Sadducees. The common people may have admired the religious zeal of the Pharisees. But the Pharisees often abused these people. Only a small number of the Jewish people were truly seeking God. These people were waiting for a spiritual Messiah. Anna, Simeon, Joseph, and Mary were all acceptable to the Lord. They were ready for the coming of the real Messiah. Q 11 How were the Pharisees and the Sadducees different? Q 12 Were most people in Israel Pharisees or Sadducees? Explain. II. The Roman Empire Jews were scattered throughout the known world. James later said, Moses has been preached in every city from the earliest times and is read in the synagogues on every Sabbath (Ac 15:21). On the Day of Pentecost, God-fearing Jews had returned to Jerusalem from every nation under heaven (Ac 2:5). These scattered Jews had taken with them a belief in the One True God. They also believed in the coming Messiah. The world at this time was united politically. The great Roman Empire ruled the whole known world. The Roman army had crushed all resistance. No opposition or rebellion was allowed. The army of Rome had built excellent roads. These roads helped people to travel quickly anywhere within the Empire. Also, Roman law was applied throughout the Empire. This held the world together in one legal system. All educated people in Christ s day spoke the Greek language. Greek was used for writing, business, and many legal matters. The New Testament authors also used Greek when writing the Gospels and the Epistles. The world enjoyed good transportation, peace, and political stability at this time. And it had Greek as its common language. Everything was ready for the coming of Jesus Christ, the Messiah. Q 13 Name one way the Jews helped to prepare the Roman Empire to receive the gospel.

Q 14 Name three ways in which the Roman Em pire helped to prepare the world for the com ing of Jesus: a) __________. b) __________. c) __________. Q 15 State how the nation of Greece helped to prepare the world for the coming of Jesus.

The Life of Christ Homework Q 16 Paul was able to divide the Sanhedrin by discussing his hope in the future resur rection (see Ac 22:30 to 23:10). Which group believed in the resurrection of the dead? Q 17 What effect did Israel s captivity in Babylon have on their spiritual condition? Q 18 How were good Roman roads important in spreading the gospel? Q 19 How was the Greek language important in spreading the gospel? Class Discussion Q 20 Many of the Jews were not expecting a spiritual Messiah. Why was this so? Q 21 How can a believer serve God faithfully, but avoid spiritual pride like the Phar isees had? Q 22 God allowed Israel to be conquered by many foreign nations. Did He do this to pu nish Israel? Explain. Q 23 Political and technical developments in your country change its people and socie ty. In what ways do they a) help the spread of the gospel? __________. b) hinder the spread of the gospel? __________.

Chapter Two Events before Christ s Birth Objectives Explain the importance of the virgin birth. List the miracles that happened before the birth of Christ. Contrast the reactions of Zachariah and Mary to the angel s announcements to them. Summarise the prophecies given by Zachariah and Mary. Chapter Outline I. Genealogies of Jesus (Mt 1:1 17; Lk 3:23 38) II. John s birth foretold (Lk 1:5 25) A. Angelic ministry B. Fulfilled prophecy III. The announcement of Christ s birth (Lk 1:26 38) A. The angel appears to Mary B. The virgin birth IV. God at work in John s birth (Lk 1:57 80) A. The Holy Spirit s ministry B. Miracles and prophecies Key Words angel................ An angel appeared to Zechariah in the temple. birth ................. Zechariah was silent for nine months, until the birth of his son John. genealogy ........ Christ s genealogy is found in chapter 1 of Matthew. Mary................ Mary believed the message brought to her by the angel Gabri el. virgin ............... Jesus was born of a virgin. Zechariah......... Zechariah had prayed for many years for a son. I. Genealogies of Jesus list shows that Jesus had the legal right to claim the throne of His ancestor, King David. David was Mt 1:1 17; Lk 3:23 38 Joseph s ancestor. The Bible gives us two genealogies of Jesus The other genealogy is found in the Gospel of Christ. One is given in the Gospel of Matthew. It Luke. It lists Mary s ancestors. Mary was also in lists the ancestors of Jesus on Joseph s side. This the line of David. Luke stated that Mary s 7

The Life of Christ ancestors included Nathan, the son of David. But Luke did not begin with David. He also included Abraham, Noah, and even Adam. The Gospels of Luke and Matthew differ in another important way regarding Jesus. Luke presents Jesus as the Son of Man. Matthew pictures Jesus as the Son of David. Q 1 What was the purpose of each of the two genealogies of Christ? a) Matthew s genealogy: __________. b) Luke s genealogy: __________. Q 2 Name the Gospel that lists Mary s ancestors. II. John s Birth Foretold Lk 1:5 25 A. Angelic Ministry Angels played an important role in the life of Christ from the beginning. An angel announced the birth of John (Lk 1:13 17). Later, an angel told Mary of her Son s future birth (Lk 1:26). Then, angels told the shepherds about His birth (Lk 2:9). Angels ministered to Christ after His temptation (Mt 4:11). And they stood ready for a call from Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane (Mt 26:53). Angels also stood by as Jesus ascended into heaven (Ac 1:10). Zechariah was a godly priest. One day he was on duty in the temple. He was burning incense there when an angel of the Lord appeared to him. Zechariah was very troubled by this and was afraid of the angel. But the angel encouraged him, telling him not to fear. The angel also said that God had heard Zechariah s prayers. Zechariah and his wife Elizabeth were both old, but they had prayed in faith for a child. They probably remembered that long before God had given a child to old Abraham and Sarah. Abraham was one hundred years old when that miracle happened. The angel told Zechariah about the future ministry of his son. This special child, John, was to be a Nazirite from his birth. John would be filled with the Holy Spirit while still in his mother s womb. And he would be a forerunner of the Messiah. He would minister in the spirit and power of Elijah (Lk 1:17).

Q 3 Define the term Nazirite in your own words. (See the Glossary for help.) At first, Zechariah did not believe this wonderful message. He asked the angel for proof that he and Elizabeth would really have a son. The proof was a strong rebuke from the angel! Zechariah could not speak until after John s birth. Q 4 Why did Zechariah have trouble believing the angel? B. Fulfilled Prophecy The angel had appeared to Zechariah with a message from God. This was the first fulfilled prophecy about Christ s coming. Malachi, the last Old Testament prophet, had foretold this: See, I will send you the prophet Elijah before that great and dreadful day of the Lord comes. He will turn the hearts of the fathers to their children, and the hearts of the children to their fathers; or else I will come and strike the land with a curse. (4:5 6) Notice that the verses above contain a possible reference to the Holy Spirit. John was to have the spirit of the prophet Elijah. John was to be filled with the Holy Spirit as no other person had ever been. Q 5 State in your own words the Old Testament prophecy that was fulfilled in John. III. The Announcement of Christ s Birth Lk 1:26 38 A. The Angel Appears to Mary The angel Gabriel had announced the future birth of John. Six months later, Gabriel appeared to Mary with a message from God. Mary was a young woman living in the village of Nazareth near the Sea of Galilee. Gabriel first greeted her. The angel then said that she was highly favoured and blessed among women. Mary was filled with fear when she saw the angel. Note that this was the same reaction that Zechariah had. But Gabriel told Mary not to fear. He explained how much God loved her. Mary

ChapterTwo Before His Birth would become the mother of the Son of the Most High (Lk 1:32). Her son would reign on the throne of His father, David. This message showed that Mary s Son would be the Messiah. As Messiah, Jesus was both the Son of God and the Son of David. Gabriel also told Mary that the Holy Spirit would come upon her. And God s power would overshadow her. In this way, the angel described the future virgin birth of Jesus. Q 6 Explain how Mary became pregnant with Jesus. B. The Virgin Birth Jesus was born without a human father. His mother, Mary, was still a virgin at the time of His birth. This miracle was confirmed to Joseph in a dream while he was engaged to Mary (Mt 1:18 21). The virgin birth fulfilled a prophecy given by Isaiah: The virgin will be with child and will give birth to a son, and they will call him Immanuel which means God with us (Mt 1:23).1 This is another statement that Jesus was the Son of God and also God in the flesh. The miracle of the virgin birth is consistent with Christ s entire miraculous life. Jesus is the Son of God. His entire life, including His birth, was supernatural. Earlier, Zechariah did not believe Gabriel s message. But Mary accepted and believed the angel s word. God wants to find belief in every person. Hebrews 11:6 states, Without faith it is impossible to please God. Yet, Everything is possible for him who believes (Mk 9:23). Q 7 Define the meaning of the name Immanuel. Q 8 If Jesus was born of the virgin Mary, who was His father? What role did Joseph play? Explain. 1 See Isa 7:14. IV. God at Work in John s Birth Lk 1:57 80 A. The Holy Spirit s Ministry Mary became pregnant by the power of the Holy Spirit. Later, she went to the hill country of Judea to visit her cousin Elizabeth. Mary was excited to share the good news that Gabriel had

announced to her. A wonderful thing happened when Elizabeth first heard Mary s greeting. Elizabeth s unborn baby jumped in his mother s womb. And both mother and child were filled with the Holy Spirit (Lk 1:15, 41). They were the first people in the New Testament to be filled with the Holy Spirit. Others were also led and anointed by the Holy Spirit around the time of Jesus birth. We can find eight references in the Gospels to the Holy Spirit s ministry during this time. Q 9 Name at least three things that happened when Mary greeted Elizabeth. a) __________. b) __________. c) __________. B. Miracles and Prophecies Many miracles happened around the time of Christ s birth. The first miracle was that Zechariah and Elizabeth had a child in their old age. Zechariah said, I am an old man and my wife is well along in years (Lk 1:18). Even so, John was born, just as the angel had said. Another miracle happened when new-born John was circumcised. At this ceremony, Zechariah named his son John. He chose this unusual name in obedience to God. The angel Gabriel had told Zechariah what to name the child. Zechariah had not been able to speak because he had not believed Gabriel s report. But he began speaking again the moment he wrote, His name is John (Lk 1:63). Zechariah opened his mouth and began to praise the Lord and to prophesy. The Bible records that Zechariah was filled with the Holy Spirit at that moment. Other miracles of divine speech happened around the time of John s birth. Elizabeth spoke by divine inspiration when she was filled with the Holy

10 The Life of Christ Spirit (Lk 1:45). And Mary prophesied by the power of the Spirit. Her lengthy praise, recorded in Luke 1:46 55, is called the Magnificat. The Magnificat was clearly an example of revelation and inspiration of the Holy Spirit. Q 10 Who spoke under the anointing of the Holy Spirit before Jesus was born? a) __________. b) __________. c) __________. Q 11 What is the Magnificat, and where is it found in the Bible? Q 12 State in your own words what happened when John was circumcised. Zechariah s prophecy deserves special study. He prophesied about the ministry of his son John. He also foretold the coming birth of the Son of the Most High. Both of these births fulfilled Old Testament prophecies. Zechariah confirmed that the Messiah would deliver Israel from all of its enemies. Israel believed in the coming Messiah. This was not a new message. But Zechariah added that the Messiah s deliverance would come in holiness and righteousness. And his own son, John, would give to Israel the knowledge of salvation. This happened as people came to John seeking forgiveness for their sins (Lk 1:77). Jesus and His forerunner John were almost ready to enter human history. The Messiah was coming!

ChapterTwo Before His Birth 11 Homework Q 13 Review sections IV.A and B. Then complete the following chart. This chart shows the times that the Holy Spirit moved upon, or spoke through, people before Jesus was born. person reference what __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ happened __________ __________ __________ __________

Q 14 How many miracles took place before Jesus was born? List them and state the Scri pture verses that describe each one. Q 15 Rewrite Zechariah s prophecy as you would have said it if you had been Zachariah. Q 16 List as many truths about God as you can find in the Magnificat. (See Lk 1:46 55.) Class Discussion Q 17 Mary and Zachariah responded with the same first emotion to the appearance of th e angel. Prove this from Scripture. Q 18 Zachariah was silent for nine months, but Mary praised God under the Spirit s anoi nting. What caused this difference in their reactions? Q 19 Zachariah was strongly rebuked by the angel Gabriel. Later, however, he prophesi ed under the Holy Spirit s anointing. What does this teach us about God s patience and desire to use u s for His glory?

12 The Life of Christ

Chapter Three The Birth of Christ Objectives Contrast the reaction to Christ s birth by the following people: Herod, the Magi, the shepherds, the Jew ish leaders, Simeon, Anna, Mary. Explain how the Roman government, without knowing it, helped to arrange Christ s b irthplace. Define the word incarnation, giving the Scripture references to support the defi nition. Chapter Outline I. At the time of His birth (Mt 1:25; Lk 2:1 20) A. The time had fully come B. Humility in His birth C. God moves an empire II. The birth of Christ (Lk 2:1 20) A. Born in a stable B. His birth announced by angels C. Mixed reactions to His birth D. The Incarnation Key Words birth ................. The birth of Christ was a great miracle. born ................. Jesus was born in Bethlehem, the city of David. Incarnation ...... The Incarnation is one of the greatest mysteries in the Bible . reactions .......... We read in the Gospels of varied reactions to His birth. time.................. The time for the Son of God to come to earth had finally arrived. I. At the Time of His Birth Mt 1:25; Lk 2:1 20 A. The Time Had Fully Come The time had fully come for Jesus to be born of a woman, born under law (Gal 4:4). God s perfect plan and purpose was being fulfilled. We see this plan for the first time in the Garden of Eden. God confronted Adam in his sin. But He also promised Adam the coming of a Redeemer. The Bible is filled with many examples and prophecies of the coming Saviour who would redeem mankind. One writer counted 332 prophecies of Christ s coming in the Old Testament. All of these prophecies of a future Redeemer were literally fulfilled when Jesus was born. 13

14 The Life of Christ Q 1 Explain the meaning of this statement: when the time had fully come (Gal 4:4). B. Humility in His Birth The birth of Jesus was the greatest event in history. The great Creator of the universe took the form of man. Jesus would call himself the Son of Man. He came into this world without beautiful ceremony or glory. He was born in lowliness, humility, and poverty. But even His humble entrance into this world showed the loving heart of God. Jesus described himself in this way: I am gentle and humble in heart (Mt 11:29). And His actions confirmed this great truth. Jesus was the perfect picture of His heavenly Father. As Jesus was, so was the Father. Jesus brought God down to human terms by His human birth. This great act of divine love allows us to understand God and draw near to Him. Q 2 What does Christ s humble birth tell us about God? C. God Moves an Empire The ruler of the mighty Roman Empire was called Caesar. Just before Christ s birth, Caesar issued an order that all the world should be counted and taxed. This order required everyone to return to his ancestral home to enrol there. Thousands of people from all over the Roman world went back to their birthplaces. Others travelled to the birthplaces of their ancestors. Among the thousands of travellers was a humble carpenter and his pregnant wife. Joseph and Mary were both descendants of King David. For this reason, Joseph and Mary went to Bethlehem: the City of David. The trip from Nazareth to Bethlehem must have been very hard for Mary. She was about to give birth. But her condition did not matter to the Roman authorities. Their command was law. Caesar did not know God. And he certainly did not know that God was using him to fulfil a divine purpose. But God was at work through Caesar s order. The prophecies of Almighty God were greater than Rome s authority. The Scriptures had to be fulfilled. But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, though you are small among the clans of Judah, out of you will come for me one who will be ruler over Israel,

whose origins are from of old, from ancient times. (Mic 5:2) God is always faithful regarding the promises in His Word. We can always trust Him to fulfil His prophecies. Q 3 Did God cause the Roman government to call for a census of the whole world? Explain. Q 4 What was the village of Bethlehem usually called? Q 5 Which Old Testament prophet prophesied about Bethlehem? II. The Birth of Christ Lk 2:1 20 A. Born in a Stable Bethlehem was filled with travellers. No one noticed as a couple moved to a dirty stable because there was no room for them in the inn (Lk 2:7). An innkeeper offered the stable to Joseph and Mary because it was the only place available. Mary must have been very tired after the long journey. We do not read of anyone in Bethlehem who helped her while she was giving birth. Perhaps she was alone with Joseph in that humble place. There, Mary gave birth to the Son of God. She then wrapped Him in cloths, and laid Him in a manger. Q 6 Why was there no room for Mary and Joseph in the inn when they arrived in Bethlehem? B. His Birth Announced by Angels A host of angels announced Jesus birth to shepherds. These shepherds were guarding their sheep in the hills of Judea near Bethlehem. Suddenly, an angel appeared to them in bright glory. He announced to them the birth of a Saviour: Today in the town of David a Savior has been born to you; he is Christ the Lord (Lk 2:11). The angel also told the shepherds how to find the Baby.

God wanted these simple shepherds to be His Son s first visitors. The angel who spoke to the shepherds was not alone. He was joined by a great host of other angels who sang praises to God that night. They sang, Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace to men on whom his favor rests (Lk 2:14). The shepherds quickly went to Bethlehem. They found Mary, Joseph, and the Baby, who was lying in a manger. Everything was just as the angel had told them. After they saw Jesus, the shepherds returned to their sheep. But they must have told all of their friends and neighbours. The things that happened to them that night were great miracles. All of these events helped Mary to believe that her new son was indeed the Son of God. She was the mother of the new-born Messiah. Q 7 Why did God invite shepherds to be the first visitors to see His Son? How did He do this? Q 8 What was Mary s reaction to these visitors? C. Mixed Reactions to His Birth Some people learned of the birth of Jesus. Their reactions to this great event revealed the condition of their hearts. The shepherds glorified and praised God for all they had heard and seen. But many in Bethlehem were not even aware of what had happened. Jesus birth did not affect them at the time. Later, King Herod and the chief priests and teachers also learned of Christ s birth. Magi came from the East seeking the new-born King of the Jews.1 The Magi asked King Herod where the new King was. Herod s religious advisors were the chief priests and teachers. These men knew the Scriptures well. They told the Magi to search in Bethlehem (Mic 5:2). But these Jews were themselves unmoved. They were not even curious to see if Micah s prophecy had been fulfilled. 1 See also sections I.A and B in Chapter Four for a description of the Magi s visit with Jesus. Chapter Three The Birth of Christ 15 Q 9 The shepherds and the Magi had a similar

reaction when seeing Jesus. Describe this reaction. Herod s religious advisors should have been very excited by the Magi s report. The birth of the King of the Jews had been announced by a supernatural star. Even Gentiles had come to worship Him. But there is no record that any of the priests and teachers went with the Magi. These Jews were filled with pride and religious traditions. They could not see what God was doing in front of them. As a result, the birth of their Messiah and Saviour meant nothing to them. Clearly, one can be spiritually dead while being very religious and wellinformed about the Scriptures. Herod seemed concerned about the birth of Christ. In fact, he was more concerned than his religious advisors. This Jewish king had no plan to welcome and honour the new King of the Jews. Herod wanted these visitors to show him where this new King was. He saw Jesus as a threat to his own kingdom. Herod wanted to destroy Jesus, not worship Him. He used nice words as he tried to deceive the Magi. Here we see one part of Jewish society reacting to this birth with hostile, violent motives. Q 10 Why were the Jewish religious leaders not excited about the birth of Christ? Q 11 How did Herod and the Jewish leaders react differently as they listened to the Magi? Simeon and Anna were not among the Jewish religious leaders. Simeon and Anna were godly people of the temple. They knew the leading of the Holy Spirit. Each of them gave a prophetic statement when they first saw the Baby Messiah in the temple. Simeon s prophecy is discussed in Chapter Four.2 Anna later went to tell others about Him: She . . . spoke about the child to all who were looking forward to the redemption of Jerusalem (Lk 2:38). This verse tells us there must have been a group of godly people in Jerusalem. These unnamed Jews probably met together to encourage themselves in their hope of a coming Messiah. 2 See section I.B.

16 The Life of Christ Q 12 State in your own words the reaction of Simeon and Anna to the birth of Jesus. All of these people showed different attitudes and responses to Christ s birth. Some rejoiced, some feared, and some did not care. Some went to see Him, while others stayed far from Him. Today, we still see these same reactions to Jesus whenever He is preached. D. The Incarnation Jesus was born of a virgin and is the very Son of God. This truth is clearly seen in the story of His birth. We call this divine union of God and man the incarnation of Christ. Paul described the incarnation in Philippians 2:5 7: Your attitude should be the same as that of Christ Jesus; Who, being in very nature God, did not consider equality with God something to be grasped, but made himself nothing, taking the very nature of a servant, being made in human likeness. The Incarnation is described in other Scriptures as well: For to which of the angels did God ever say, You are my Son; today I have become your Father? Or again, I will be his Father and he will be my Son ? And again, when God brings his firstborn into the world, he says, Let all God s angels worship him. (Heb 1:5 6) Q 13 Define the word incarnation as it is used in the Bible. David described Christ s future incarnation when he wrote: He said to me, You are my Son; today I have become your Father (Ps 2:7). The incarnation of the Lord Jesus Christ is one of the greatest mysteries in the Bible. We cannot fully understand nor explain the Incarnation. Jesus, in one Person, has both a human nature and a divine nature. Regarding this mystery, John wrote: The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us. We have seen his glory, the glory of the One and Only, who came from the Father, full of grace and truth. (Jn 1:14). Normal human birth is itself a great miracle. It

should not be hard, therefore, to accept this far greater miracle. Q 14 Why is the incarnation of Christ called a miracle? God sent his own Son in the likeness of sinful man to be a sin offering (Ro 8:3). Jesus came in our own likeness, but He committed no sin, and no deceit was found in his mouth (1Pe 2:22). His nature, His words, and His actions all showed that He was the Son of God. Christ s virgin birth and incarnation were a great introduction to His supernatural life on earth. We are filled with wonder at the beauty of this divine revelation. Q 15 State from Scripture reasons we believe that Jesus is the Son of God.

Chapter Three The Birth of Christ 17 Homework Q 16 Complete the following chart, stating each person s reaction to the birth of Christ: person reaction Scripture reference Herod __________ __________ the Magi the shepherds the Jewish leaders __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ Simeon __________ __________ Anna __________ __________ Mary the singing angels __________ __________ __________ __________ Q 17 Jesus came in the likeness of sinful man (Ro 8:3). Does this mean that He was sinful? Explain. Q 18 In what way is the Incarnation important to God s plan of salvation? Support your answer from Scripture. Class Discussion Q 19 Explain the relationship between Mic 5:2 and the census decree of the Roman gove rnment. Q 20 Some people believe that Jesus was a good man or even a prophet. What could such people learn from Phil 2:5 11? Q 21 The chief priests and teachers gave King Herod the correct answer (Mt 2:5 6). But they failed the final exam! What lessons can a pastor learn from their correct answer but spiritual fa ilure?

18 The Life of Christ

Chapter Four Events in Christ s Early Life Objectives Describe everything that happened to Jesus in the temple. Explain the meaning of the name Jesus. State the significance of each gift brought by the Magi. Explain the reasons Jesus was taken to Egypt. Chapter Outline I. Christ s circumcision and presentation at the temple (Lk 2:21 39) A. The Law was fulfilled B. Simeon s prophecy II. The visit of the Magi (Mt 2:1 12) A. Gentiles seek Jesus B. The Magi find Him III. Escape from Bethlehem (Mt 2:13 18) A. The escape to Egypt B. The murder of innocent children Key Words Bethlehem ....... Christ was born in the village of Bethlehem. Egypt ............... Joseph took Mary and the Baby to Egypt. Jesus ................ Jesus was called out of Egypt, just as prophecy foretold. Magi ................ The Magi brought expensive gifts to the new King of Israel . murder ............. King Herod ordered the murder of innocent baby boys. Simeon ............ Simeon was content to die after seeing the Baby Messiah. I. Christ s Circumcision and Presentation at the Temple Lk 2:21 39 A. The Law Was Fulfilled Paul said that Christ was made under the Law when He was born of a woman (Gal 4:4). His parents followed the Law of Moses, even regarding circumcision and dedication of children (see Lev 12:3). Jesus was only eight days old when He was circumcised in the temple. This ceremony marked Him as a Jew. He gladly accepted this identity with the nation of Israel. The name Jesus is worthy of study. The Baby was given this name based on the angel s 19

20 The Life of Christ instructions (Mt 1:21; Lk 2:21). Jesus literally means the Lord is salvation, because he will save his people from their sins (Mt 1:21). Jesus is the Greek form of the Hebrew name Joshua. Recall that Joshua was the great Old Testament deliverer and leader of the children of Israel. Joshua was a great leader, but Jesus is an even greater Saviour. Even His name revealed His divine mission. Q 1 What did Christ s circumcision in the temple symbolise? Q 2 State in your own words the meaning of the name Jesus. B. Simeon s Prophecy The Law of Moses required newborn males to be circumcised on their eighth day of life. The Law also commanded new mothers to present an offering at the temple forty days after giving birth. They had to bring a one-year-old lamb. However, some mothers could not afford a lamb. If a family was poor, the woman could bring young pigeons or turtle-doves. Mary apparently brought a pair of birds as her sacrifice (Lk 2:24). This sacrifice showed how poor she and Joseph were. Q 3 How do we know that Mary and Joseph were not rich people? Mary and Joseph with Baby Jesus met the prophet Simeon as they entered the temple. Simeon was not a religious leader nor a teacher. Yet he prophesied under the power of the Holy Spirit when he saw Jesus. God had promised Simeon that he would remain alive until he had seen the Lord s Christ (Lk 2:26). The Holy Spirit directed him to enter the temple when Jesus was being carried in. Simeon went immediately to Jesus, took Him into his arms, and blessed God. He then spoke by the Spirit s anointing: For my eyes have seen your salvation, which you have prepared in the sight of all people, a light for revelation to the Gentiles and for glory to your people Israel. (Lk 2:30 32) Notice the reference to Gentiles in the verses quoted above. Simeon prophesied that this Baby would bless the Gentile nations, in addition to Israel. Q 4 List in your own words the main points of Simeon s prophecy.

Simeon also spoke directly to Mary, telling her that Jesus would divide Israel. Many Jews would fall because of Him. But many would also rise again in Israel because of Jesus. This could have referred to those who were dead in trespasses and sins. They would rise to walk in new life with Him. Or it could have been a reference to the great future resurrection. Jesus later told Martha: I am the resurrection and the life. He who believes in me will live, even though he dies; and whoever lives and believes in me will never die. (Jn 11:25 26) Simeon added that Jesus thoughts and desires of prophecy to Mary with a would pierce Mary s own Lamb of God. would reveal the many hearts. He ended his warning to her. A sword soul as the mother of the

Q 5 Name the things that happened when Jesus was taken to the temple. II. The Visit of the Magi Mt 2:1 12 A. Gentiles Seek Jesus The arrival of the Magi in Bethlehem was a very important event in Christ s childhood.1 We are not told how many there were, though tradition says there were three. We are told, however, that they brought with them three gifts: gold, frankincense, and myrrh. Perhaps this is how the tradition of three wise men began. The Magi were indeed wise men. They were scientists, well-known for the study of the stars. This is how they first became aware of the star of Bethlehem (Mt 2:1 2). We are not told in Scripture which country these men came from. Many Bible scholars believe they were from Babylon. Long before Christ s birth, Daniel had lived in Babylon in captivity with the other Jews. He was a prophet of God, but also a great political leader in 1 See section II.C in Chapter Three for a description of their arrival in Jerusalem.

Babylon. Daniel prophesied five hundred years before the birth of Christ. His prophecies assured Israel that the Messiah would come. The Messiah would arrive after the Jews in captivity had returned to Palestine (Dan 9:25). It is possible that the Magi knew Daniel s prophecy. This prophecy would have told them about the time of the Messiah s coming. An unusual event a special star in the heavens would confirm this prediction to them. We cannot be not sure how much Jewish prophecy the Magi knew. But we do know that these were devout men who valued religious prophecy. And they were so certain of the star s meaning that they left their homes to follow it. From this, we know that they were men of strong belief and action. We also know that they were wealthy because of the gifts they brought with them. Q 6 Describe the background and traits of the Magi. Q 7 Why did the Magi travel to Israel? B. The Magi Find Him In Chapter Three, we saw that the chief priests and teachers directed the Magi to Bethlehem (Mt 2:4 8). By the star, God then led them to the very place where Jesus was staying. They were overjoyed when they saw the star again (Mt 2:10). The Magi knew they had reached the end of their long search. The Magi arrived in Bethlehem long after the night of Christ s birth. Recall that the shepherds came to the stable on the night of His birth. Jesus was a newborn infant then, still lying in a manger. Later, Joseph found a house to live in until his family was able to travel again. The Magi came to this house, led by the star. After entering the house, these Gentiles fell down and worshipped Jesus. They honoured the Jewish Messiah and King. They then opened their rich gifts and gave them to Jesus. This is the same response of all who truly find the Lord. We gladly lay our most costly treasures at His feet. Q 8 What caused the Magi to be overjoyed ?

Chapter Four Events in His Life 21 Q 9

What two things did the Magi do when they saw Jesus? a) __________. b) __________. In the Bible, gold, frankincense, and myrrh have beautiful meanings. The gold represents royalty. With it, the Magi recognised that Jesus was a King. Frankincense was a special perfume with a wonderful, rich smell. It was used in the Jewish temple during worship. Common people were not allowed to make it. It was considered sacred and holy (Ex 30:34 38), a symbol of God s presence. With frankincense, the Magi recognised that this Child was divine. Jesus was indeed the very fragrance of heaven. Q 10 What did gold represent? Q 11 What was frankincense, and what did it symbolise? The third gift was myrrh. Myrrh was always associated with suffering. The Baby was a divine King. He was also destined to suffer. Isaiah had prophesied that Jesus would be despised and rejected by men, a man of sorrows, and familiar with suffering (53:3). The Magi s costly gift of myrrh symbolised Christ s future suffering and pain. Q 12 What did myrrh symbolise? Herod wanted the Magi to help him find Jesus. The Child was a threat to Herod, and he wanted Jesus dead. But that would have been a premature death for Jesus. God protected His Son by warning the Magi in a dream not to return to Herod. They again obeyed a divine leading, and returned home another way. III. Escape From Bethlehem Mt 2:13 18 A. The Escape to Egypt The angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream after the Magi left. The angel warned Joseph that Herod would try to kill Jesus. The angel told Joseph to escape to Egypt with Mary and the Child. Joseph left that very night with his family. They went to Egypt and stayed there for some time.

22 The Life of Christ Joseph did not move again until the angel of the Lord told him to do so. This trip to Egypt fulfilled Old Testament prophecy. Hosea 11:1 states, Out of Egypt I called my son. Our great God is mighty and His actions are faithful. He is very careful to ensure that every word of divine prophecy is fulfilled. In this case, God did not use Caesar s command for a census. Instead, He used a cruel and jealous king to force Jesus and His family to Egypt. Even so, God s Word is still true and dependable. Q 13 Why did Joseph take his family to Egypt? Q 14 Under what circumstances did Joseph leave Egypt? B. The Murder of Innocent Children Herod soon realised that the wise men had ignored his command to return to Jerusalem. He was so angry and jealous for his kingdom that he did a terrible thing. Herod believed that he could kill Jesus by killing all of the male children in Bethlehem. So he ordered the murder of all boys under two years of age. Herod chose two years because the Magi told him the star had appeared two years earlier. Joseph and Mary may have lived in Bethlehem for two full years before leaving. The family left in the night for Egypt at the end of their stay in Bethlehem. That same night or shortly thereafter, all of Bethlehem s young boys were killed by King Herod s soldiers. Jeremiah had prophesied about this terrible event (Jer 31:15). The mourning and sorrow in Bethlehem was great! Q 15 What caused Herod to become so angry? Q 16 Why was Herod so jealous and fearful?

Chapter Four Events in His Life 23 Homework Q 17 Review Q 10 to Q 12. Complete the following chart, based on your answers to these earlier questions. Explain how each gift symbolised some part of Jesus life and nature. gift gold frankincense symbolised __________ __________ relationship to Jesus __________ __________ myrrh __________ __________ Q 18 The Greek name Jesus is really the same as the Hebrew name Joshua. List as many comparisons of Jesus and Joshua as you can think of. Give Scripture references, if you can find them, for each comparison. (One comparison is done for you below in this print style.) Scripture reference for comparison Joshua Jesus Great leader __________ __________ Q 19 What is the relationship between cruel King Herod and Hos 11:1? Class Discussion Q 20 Why did God warn Mary through Simeon s prophecy that a sword would pierce her own soul? Q 21 God had promised Simeon that he would not die before he saw the Messiah. Do you think that Simeon told other people about this promise? Should we reveal to others everything that God tells us? Explain. Q 22 Both Joseph and the Magi were warned of danger by God in dreams. Does God use dr eams today to give divine guidance to His people? Are dreams always dependable as a source of divine guidance? Explain.

24 The Life of Christ

Chapter Five Christ s Continued Growth Objectives Describe Christ s growth and development during His first thirty years. Explain the importance of Jesus visit to the temple at age twelve. Chapter Outline I. The return to Nazareth (Mt 2:19 23; Lk 2:39 40) A. Nazareth B. His early childhood II. The visit to Jerusalem (Lk 2:41 51) A. At twelve years of age B. In the temple III. Eighteen years of silence (Lk 2:52) A. Silent growth B. Growth in favour with God and men Key Words childhood......... Jesus spent some parts of His childhood in Bethlehem, Egypt, and Nazareth. growth ............. Many details about Christ s growth are not given to us in Scr ipture. Jerusalem......... Mary and Joseph went each year to Jerusalem. Nazareth .......... God directed Joseph to return to Nazareth. obedient........... Jesus was obedient to His earthly parents. temple.............. The greatest event in His childhood must have been entering the temple. twelve years..... Christ became a son of the Law at twelve years of age. I. The Return to Nazareth Mt 2:19 23; Lk 2:39 40 A. Nazareth If the Lord delights in a man s way, he makes his steps firm (Ps 37:23). This promise from the Psalms certainly applied to Joseph. By directing Joseph s steps, God led His Son Jesus. The angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph while this family was in Egypt. The angel told Joseph to return to Israel, and Joseph immediately obeyed God. But he was afraid to return to Bethlehem. Joseph feared Archelaus, the son of Herod. Joseph thought that King Archelaus might try again to kill Jesus in Bethlehem. God confirmed to Joseph that he and his family should avoid Bethlehem. God again used a dream to direct Joseph to his own home town of Nazareth 25

26 The Life of Christ in Galilee. Matthew 2:23 says that this move to Nazareth fulfilled prophecy: He will be called a Nazarene. Matthew 2:23 is not a direct quote from an Old Testament prophet. It may refer to the Hebrew word (netser) for branch. Netser is the root of the word Netseret, the Hebrew name for the village of Nazareth. And Jesus is called the Branch in the following Scriptures: Isaiah 11:1; Jeremiah 23:5; 33:15; Zechariah 3:8; and 6:12. Our Lord moved to Nazareth, and this town gave Him the beautiful title Jesus the Nazarene. Q 1 Why did Joseph move his family back to Israel? Q 2 State two reasons Joseph did not return to Bethlehem. a) __________. b) __________. B. His Early Childhood Luke 2:40 gives us a very brief review of Christ s early childhood: And the child grew and became strong; he was filled with wisdom, and the grace of God was upon him. This is a summary of His continuing growth and development. Jesus grew physically, spiritually, and mentally. These were all normal areas of human development. The Gospel of Luke also states that the grace of God was upon Jesus. He grew as a natural human boy. But Jesus also experienced an unusually close relationship with His Heavenly Father. Q 3 What three areas of human development are found in Lk 2:40? a) __________. b) __________. c) __________. Joseph and Mary were very faithful to their Jewish religion. We see this fact by their trip every year to Jerusalem the celebrate the Feast of the Passover. There, Joseph and Mary ate the Passover lamb. This celebration reminded the Jews of the death angel who passed over their homes in Egypt. The seven days after the Passover Feast were days of celebration for the Feast of Unleavened Bread. Faithful Jews rejoiced while remembering Israel s deliverance from Egypt. Joseph and Mary probably left their small children at home in Nazareth during these trips to Jerusalem. Jesus probably began His education when He was six years of age. He probably followed the Jewish custom of attending the local synagogue school. There, Jesus studied the Old Testament Law. The Old Testament was the textbook in

these schools. Jesus would have finished this school when He was twelve years of age. Q 4 Describe the kind of childhood education Jesus likely received. II. The Visit to Jerusalem Lk 2:41 51 A. At Twelve Years of Age Jewish males became sons of the Law on their twelfth birthday. Thus, Jesus celebrated the Passover with His parents in Jerusalem when He was twelve years old (Lk 2:42). As a son of the Law, Jesus had certain rights that younger boys did not have. For example, He was allowed to discuss the Law of Moses with the great rabbis in Jerusalem. At age twelve, Jesus mental and spiritual development could be easily seen. It was already clear that Jesus had mastered the Law to some extent. Possibly, Jesus had enjoyed special fellowship and communion with His Heavenly Father since childhood. Jesus had learned about the Law in synagogue school. But He had also learned the deeper meaning of the Law from God himself. Q 5 Why did Jesus go with Joseph and Mary to Jerusalem when He was twelve years old? B. In the Temple Jesus apparently spent most of His time in the temple while in Jerusalem. He listened respectfully to the doctors of the Law there. Jesus also asked them hard questions and answered their questions as well. His answers amazed these religious leaders. This young boy became completely caught up in His conversation with the teachers of the Law. He was not aware that Joseph and His mother had started their journey back to Nazareth. Jesus was still in the temple three days later with these doctors of the Law.

Chapter Five His Continued Growth 27 During those three days, Joseph and Mary discovered that Jesus was not with them. They returned to Jerusalem to search for Him. They finally found Him in the temple, still discussing the Law and the things of God. Mary rebuked Jesus for causing Joseph and her sorrow and concern: Son, why have you treated us like this? Your father and I have been anxiously searching for you (Lk 2:48). He responded with surprise that they did not know where He would be. He asked, Why were you searching for me? . . . Didn t you know I had to be in my Father s house? (2:49). His response to Mary revealed much about Jesus. It showed that Jesus already knew He was the Son of Almighty God. We do not know when this knowledge first came to Him. But Jesus clearly knew who He was by the time He was twelve years old. The most important things in Jesus life were His relationship with His Father and being in His Father s house. Q 6 Did Jesus show disrespect for His mother by the way He answered her? Explain. (See Lk 2:49.) Q 7 At the age of twelve, did Jesus know that He was the Son of God? Explain. Jesus did not rebel against His earthly parents. He followed Joseph and Mary back to Nazareth, and was obedient to them (Lk 2:51). Obedience was a part of His nature, both to His earthly parents and to His heavenly Father. His obedience to His earthly parents is a good example for all children to follow. Christ s response to Mary in the temple reminded her that He was truly different from other children. She kept all of these events treasured in her heart. III. Eighteen Years of Silence Lk 2:52 A. Silent Growth The Bible is almost completely silent about Christ s life from age twelve to thirty. Luke 2:52 gives the only comment about His life during these years: And Jesus grew in wisdom and stature, and

in favor with God and men. Until age twelve, Jesus had grown and become filled with wisdom. Now He was approaching full maturity. Many believe that Jesus worked with Joseph as a carpenter until beginning His public ministry. And He continued to increase in wisdom and stature. The Old Testament was the foundation of Christ s increasing knowledge. Every word of Scripture was dear to Him. Jesus later stated, Not the smallest letter, not the least stroke of a pen, will by any means disappear from the Law until everything is accomplished (Mt 5:18). And He must have learned more than just a technical or literal meaning of the Law. He combined His knowledge of the Word of God with His own wisdom and understanding of nature. For example, Jesus declared that the Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath. The Lord understood that He could heal on the Sabbath day and still be blameless. Even the Pharisees would rescue a sheep out of a pit on the Sabbath day! Q 8 What was the foundation of Jesus knowledge? spiritual

Our Lord used many parables in His teaching. These parables were based on His understanding of nature and common human experiences. Jesus knew the Scriptures, and He knew the human condition. This knowledge made Him ready to begin His ministry. The Pharisees later asked, How did this man get such learning without having studied? (Jn 7:15). He had not studied under the accepted teachers of that time. Yet Jesus knew everything that really mattered in relation to God and man. Q 9 Jesus did not study under the great teachers of the Law in Jerusalem. Was this an ad vantage or a disadvantage? Explain. B. Growth in Favour with God and Men Jesus grew into a fully developed human being. He was not socially strange or odd, and He did not withdraw from people. Jesus must have been at ease in social gatherings. In fact, people liked Jesus and He liked them. Only later would He begin to criticise the religious leaders for their hypocrisy and pride.

28 The Life of Christ His relationships with people were warm and open. And His relationship with His heavenly Father was also growing deeper and stronger. God the Father was His teacher. Jesus spent every minute of every day aware of His Father s presence in His life. He always did those things that pleased His Father (Jn 8:29). Jesus certainly spent long hours in prayer. He was in fellowship with His Father and in harmony with people in everything He did. Q 10 What was the most important relationship in Christ s life?

Chapter Five His Continued Growth 29 Homework Q 11 List everything you can find in Lk 2 that speaks of Christ s human development. Q 12 Why did Jesus stay three extra days in the temple talking with the doctors of th e Law? Q 13 Do you believe that most people in Nazareth liked Jesus as He grew? Do you think He had friends? Explain. Q 14 Jesus worked for many years as a carpenter in Nazareth. Did this physical work p lease God the Father? Explain. Q 15 What attitude did Jesus have toward the temple His e with that of many Christians toward their church building. Class Discussion Q 16 Some people claim that Jesus did many miracles as a small boy. For example, they claim that He formed small animals out of clay and then gave them life. How would you answer s uch people from Scripture? Q 17 What is the relationship between obedience to parents and obedience to God? (See Lk 2:51.) Q 18 Christ s spiritual development as a child took place quietly in Nazareth. What cha nged as a result of His visit to the temple at age twelve? What did not change? Father s house ? Compare His attitud

30 The Life of Christ

Unit I Summary The Thirty Years of Private Life Chapter One The nation of Israel reached its greatest development under King David and King Solomon. After Solomon s death, Israel began a long period of spiritual and political decline. Th e Assyrians captured the Northern Kingdom in 721 B.C. The Babylonians captured the Southern Kingdom in 58 6 B.C.. Those from the Southern Kingdom were held captive for seventy years before being released. Zeru bbabel, Ezra, and Nehemiah led God s people back to Israel. The Jews who returned from captivity never again worshipped idols. They built sy nagogues as places of worship. There, the people learned the Law of Moses. They also began worshipping again at the temple in Jerusalem. The synagogue leaders were called rabbis. They encouraged a very stri ct, legalistic form of worship based on the traditions of the elders. The Pharisees and the Sadducees were two important sects in Israel at f Christ. The Pharisees kept the Law outwardly. But inwardly, they were morally corrupt. They a coming Messiah who would defeat the Romans. The Sadducees were usually rich men who were ested in politics and money. Some Sadducees, called Herodians, even supported King Herod of the time o looked for only inter Rome.

The Roman Empire ruled the known world at that time. The mighty Roman army crush ed all resistance. Yet the Romans did bring peace to its conquered lands. And they built good roads across the Empire. The educated people of the day spoke the Greek language. The New Testament was w ritten in Greek. The world had peace, good transportation, and one common language. Everything was re ady for the coming of the Messiah. Chapter Two Both Matthew and Luke listed the genealogy of Jesus. Matthew showed that Jesus h ad the legal right to take the throne of King David. Luke showed Jesus as the Son of man. The angel Gabriel appeared to the old priest Zechariah. Gabriel came to announce the future birth of Zechariah s son. This child, John, would be a special servant of God. John would g row as a Nazirite to become a prophet and the forerunner of the Messiah. For years, Zechariah and Elizabeth had prayed for a child. But Zechariah s doubt was stronger than his faith. The angel rebuked Zechariah for unb elief, and caused him to be silent until the child was born.

John would minister in the spirit and power of Elijah. And he would be filled wi th the Holy Spirit. John s birth fulfilled Malachi s prophecy (4:5-6). Gabriel later appeared to Mary, Elizabeth s cousin. Gabriel told Mary how blessed she was, for she would become the mother of the Messiah. Her child would be both the Son of God and the Son of David. God s power would overshadow her to make this virgin girl pregnant. This fulfilled anoth er Old Testament prophecy (Isa 7:14). Mary believed the angel s report. After she became pregnant, Mary went to visit he r cousin Elizabeth. Mary greeted her cousin in the normal way. Both Elizabeth and John, in her womb, were filled with the Holy Spirit at that moment. Mary also praised God under the Spirit s anointing. 31

32 The Life of Christ Many miracles happened before Christ s birth. John was born to a very old couple w ho should not have been able to have children. Zechariah s voice returned instantly when he obeyed th e angel by naming his son John. The first words Zechariah spoke were words of prophesy. He foretold the birt h of the Son of the Most High. The Messiah would deliver Israel in holiness and righteousness. Chapter Three The time had fully come for Christ to be born (Gal 4:4). The Old Testament contain s 332 prophecies of Christ s coming. Yet He came in the humble form of man. He was born without glory or ceremony into Jewish poverty. Jesus brought God down to human terms so we could draw near to Him. Caesar, the ruler of Rome, was used by God to bring Joseph and Mary to Bethlehem . Caesar ordered all the world to be taxed and its people counted. Everyone had to return to their ancest ral home to enrol there. Mary was almost ready to give Thus, Jesus was born in Bethlehem, the City of David. s born in a lowly stable. His birth was announced by angels t visitors to see the Son of God. And they left the stable birth when she and Joseph travelled to Bethlehem. This fulfilled the prophecy of Micah 5:2. Jesus wa to nearby shepherds. These shepherds were the firs glorifying God.

The Magi may have come from Babylon. It is possible they knew Jewish prophecies. The special star in the western sky told them of the birth of a king. After visiting with Herod in J erusalem, they travelled on to Bethlehem. They were filled with joy to see the star again leading them. These m en worshipped Jesus and gave Him wonderful gifts. Each of the three gifts had a special meaning for Christ s li fe. Herod and the religious leaders of Israel were very troubled to learn of Christ s birth. The wise Magi came from the East looking for Him. The chief priests told the Magi to look in Bethle hem (Mic 5:2). Herod wanted to kill the new King who threatened him. But God warned the Magi to return home another way. Thus God protected His newborn Son. Jesus is fully God, but was born as a human being. He is both God and man. This is called the Incarnation, and it is a great mystery. God sent his own Son in the likeness of sinful man to be a sin offering (Ro 8:3). Chapter Four Joseph and Mary obeyed the Law of Moses. They took their eight-day-old Son to th e temple to be circumcised. Jesus means Saviour, for He came to save His people from their sins . Simeon prophesied when he

saw the baby Jesus in the temple. He said that Jesus would bless both the Gentil es and the Jews. Simeon also told Mary of her future pain and loss after her Son divided Israel. An angel warned Joseph to escape immediately to Egypt. He obeyed, and the family went to live in Egypt. They stayed there until God told them to return to Israel. God knew what Herod w as planning. The cruel king had been fooled by the Magi. Herod was angry with the Magi and fearful of a new king in Bethlehem. So he ordered all male babies in Bethlehem to be killed. Chapter Five After some time, the angel of the Lord told Joseph that it was time to return to Israel. God told them to go to Nazareth, not to Bethlehem. Jesus continued to grow and develop in Nazareth a s a natural human boy. He probably began His education in a synagogue school at age six. At age twelve, Je sus was ready to become a son of the Law in a ceremony in Jerusalem.

Unit One: Summary 33 Jesus stayed in the temple even after His parents had started back to Nazareth. He discussed the Law with the Jewish teachers there. They were amazed by His wisdom. Mary and Joseph searc hed for Him for three days in crowded Jerusalem. Yet Jesus was safe in His Father s house. He could not underst and why His parents were angry with Him. The Lord returned to Nazareth with His human parents, and was obedient to them. We know very little about the next eighteen years of His life. He grew in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and men (Lk 2:52). During this time, Jesus learned more about the Law, human nature, and His heavenly Father. Prayer strengthened the bond between Father and Son as He neared the time of His public ministry.

34 The Life of Christ

Unit 2 Early Galilean Ministry Chapter Six John and the Baptism of Christ Objectives: Describe John the Baptist, based on the names and titles given to hi m in Scripture. Explain why Jesus was baptised by John. Summarise each of the three areas of Christ s temptations by Satan. Chapter Seven Arrival in Galilee and Capernaum Objectives: Describe the location of the Sea of Galilee. Name some of the important cities around the Sea of Galilee. Summarise Christ s preaching in Nazareth and the people s reaction to it. Explain how Jesus ministered to demoniacs and to sick people Chapter Eight A Ministry Tour of Galilee Objectives: Understand why Jesus healed people. Identify the factors in the conflict between Jesus and the religious leaders. Summarise the content of three major teachings by Jesus. Chapter Nine The Sermon on the Mount and More Miracles Objectives: Memorise the names of the twelve disciples. Know the four major content areas in the Sermon on the Mount. Explain the relationship between faith and authority. Chapter Ten John Questions Jesus; Unbelief Is Condemned Objectives: Understand how Jesus dealt with John s honest doubts and questions. Explain what Jesus meant by blasphemy against the Holy Spirit. Contrast the spiritual conditions of Simon the Pharisee and the sinful woman who anointed Jesus. 35

36 The Life of Christ

Chapter Six John and the Baptism of Christ Objectives Describe John the Baptist, based on the names and titles given to him in Scriptu re. Explain why Jesus was baptised by John. Summarise each of the three areas of Christ s temptations by Satan. Chapter Outline I. John the Baptist (Mt 3:1 12; Mk 1:3 8; Lk 1:80; 3:1 18) A. A messenger and a witness B. A voice and a light C. A prophet and more than a prophet D. John s message II. The baptism of Jesus (Mt 3:13 17; Mk 1:9 11; Lk 3:21 22) A. His ministry begins at age thirty B. The Holy Spirit descends III. The temptation of Jesus Christ (Mt 4:1 11; Mk 1:12 13; Lk 4:1 13) A. Into the wilderness B. Into three temptations IV. John in prison (Mt 14:3 5; Mk 6:17 20; Lk 3:19 20) A. The climax of John s ministry B. His personal influence over Herod Key Words baptism ............ Jesus joined those seeking John s baptism at the Jordan River . John ................. The forerunner for Christ s later ministry was John the Bap tist. light ................. John was a bright and shining light of God s truth. prison............... Herod threw John into prison. prophet ............ In some ways, John was the last prophet of Israel. temptation........ Jesus faced Satan s temptation after He had fasted for forty da ys. voice................ John was the voice of God, calling for repentance and anno uncing Christ s coming. 37

38 The Life of Christ I. John the Baptist Mt 3:1 12; Mk 1:3 8; Lk 1:80; 3:1 18 As stated in Chapter Five, the Gospels record little information about the early life of Jesus. We know even less about the first thirty years of John s life. We only know that John lived in a desert area in Palestine (Mk 1:4 6). He appeared suddenly on the Jewish religious scene. John must have looked strange to the Jews who came to hear him. He wore camel s-hair clothes and ate locusts and wild honey. John spent most of his early adult life in prayer and meditation, being taught by God. He was the forerunner of Jesus, preparing the way for the Son of God. John s ministry was so important that he was called by various titles in the Gospels. Q 1 In your own words, explain the meaning of the word forerunner. (See the Glossary for help.) A. A Messenger and a Witness John was God s messenger, a man sent from God (Jn 1:6). God chose John from among all other men in his generation. Even John s birth was supernatural.1 John also had received a divine commission. God put a message in John s mouth, and sent him to deliver it to Israel. For this reason, John was called the messenger of the Lord (Mk 1:2). He left home and comfort in obedience to that commission. John was also called a witness (Jn 1:7). The word witness implies that he had received a revelation from God. Paul also was called a witness because of his great revelation of Jesus Christ (Ac 22:15). Jesus himself ministered from the strength of what His Father revealed to Him (Jn 5:19). John was a true witness and messenger of Almighty God. He had received a divine call and a heavenly vision. And he went out boldly to preach what he had seen and experienced. Q 2 What is a commission? 1 See Chapter Two. B. A Voice and a Light John s ministry was so important that the prophet Isaiah predicted it (Isa 40:3). A part of this prophecy called John a voice. This term was a symbolic way of describing John s ministry. John s

message was not his own, he simply loaned his voice to God. His preaching was basically God speaking through him. His message was not based upon his own desires. John was indeed John the Baptist, but he was also John the Voice when he preached. Every man of God should seek to have such a title. Another symbolic name for John was the light. Jesus said, John was a lamp that burned and gave light (Jn 5:35). Light is a common topic in the New Testament. Jesus described himself as the light of the world (Jn 8:12). Jesus later said that His followers were the light of the world (Mt 5:14). He shines through us as believers to those who are trapped in darkness. But divine light was so strong in John that Jesus called it a burning and shining light. John the Baptist was also John the Light. Q 3 List four words or titles used in the Gospels to describe John. a) __________. b) __________. c) __________. d) __________. C. A Prophet and More than a Prophet One day, Jesus asked the crowd following Him three questions. All three questions centred on John. Basically, Jesus asked them what they expected to see in John. Then He gave the crowd the answer: What did you go out into the desert to see? A reed swayed by the wind? If not, what did you go out to see? A man dressed in fine clothes? No, those who wear fine clothes are in kings palaces. Then what did you go out to see? A prophet? Yes, I tell you, and more than a prophet. (Mt 11:7 9) Bible scholars believe that the first two questions were rhetorical. Jesus did not actually expect a yes or no answer to these questions. But Jesus himself answered the third question with a yes. The multitudes had seen a true prophet

Chapter Six John and the Baptism of Christ 39 when they saw John. John was just as much of a prophet as any of the Old Testament prophets. Jesus said that John was even more than a prophet. In Matthew 11:11, Jesus stated that no one ever born was greater than John. John was the best of the prophets. Prophets had prophesied from Enoch until Malachi. Many had been mightily used of God. But none were praised by Jesus like John was. Q 4 What did Jesus mean when describing John in Mt 11:9? Mighty men of God in the Bible had unusual backgrounds and training. Moses spent forty years in the Sinai desert. Paul spent at least some time in the Arabian desert in silent training after his dramatic conversion. Even Jesus spent eighteen years in silent preparation for His public ministry after finishing synagogue school. God often trains His workers alone in silence. This type of training was certainly a part of John s life. Q 5 State the method that God often uses to train His best workers. D. John s Message Isaiah foretold the coming of the voice. This prophecy foretold John s message: In the desert prepare the way for the Lord; make straight in the wilderness a highway for our God (40:3). John was born to announce the coming of the Messiah. But John also told his listeners how to prepare their hearts for their coming Lord. Every mountain and hill had to be brought low. This probably refers to the pride in men s hearts and their sinful desire to exalt themselves. Every valley had to be raised up. This likely refers to those who are humble and beaten down by life. The rough ground and the rugged places in men s hearts had to be made level and smooth (Isa 40:4). This could only happen by their repenting of their sins. Q 6 To what did the following terms refer in John s preaching refer? a) mountains and hills: __________. b) valleys: __________. c) rough ground: __________.

The coming of a spiritual Saviour and King demanded spiritual preparation. His coming would bring a revelation of God s great glory (Isa 40:5). The hearts of the people, however, were not prepared for this revelation. For this reason, John had one message with two parts: the coming of the Messiah and the cry for repentance. People came to hear John preach from Jerusalem, Judea, and the area around the Jordan. John told all of them to repent. He even told the self-righteous Pharisees and Sadducees to repent: But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadduccees coming to where he was baptizing, he said to them: You brood of vipers! Who warned you to flee from the coming wrath? Produce fruit in keeping with repentance. And do not think you can say to yourselves, We have Abraham as our father. I tell you that out of these stones God can raise up children for Abraham. The ax is already at the root of the trees, and every tree that does not produce good fruit will be cut down and thrown into the fire. (Mt 3:7 10) Q 7 Describe in your own words John s two-part message: a) __________. b) __________. John s message attacked the deeply-held Jewish pride of Israel s religious leaders. He warned them not to believe that God would accept them simply because Abraham was their ancestor. Instead, God requires personal righteousness from every person. Otherwise, the ax of God s judgement was already at the tree of people s lives. God was looking for spiritual fruit. Every tree that was not producing spiritual fruit would be cut down. It would then be thrown into the fire of God s judgement. John preached hard and his message was clear. Yet both John and his hard message were welcomed by the common people. Great crowds came to hear him and to be baptised. John baptised these sinners in the Jordan after they repented. The people wanted his advice about how to live. They asked, What should we do then? (Lk 3:10). They were convicted of their sins and wanted spiritual relief. He then told them to live honest, godly lives that produced spiritual fruit. Even soldiers and publicans found truth and advice they could live with (Lk 3:12 14).

40 The Life of Christ Q 8 Explain John s use of the tree preaching in terms of a) the fruit: __________. b) the ax: __________. Repentance was an important part of John s message. Yet he also told the people repeatedly that the Messiah was coming. John clearly told them that he was not the One that was to come. He confessed that he was not even worthy to untie the sandals that the Messiah wore (Lk 3:16). John predicted more than just the arrival of the Messiah. He also foretold the coming of the Holy Spirit, with Jesus as the great Baptiser. The ministry of the Holy Spirit would be like a purifying, cleansing fire in people s lives. This teaches us that the baptism in the Holy Spirit is of great importance to all believers. (See Ac 1:8; 2:33.) Q 9 What were the two themes most often heard in John s preaching? a) __________. b) __________. Q 10 Summarise the reaction to John s message by a) the Jewish religious leaders: __________. b) the common people of Israel: __________. II. The Baptism of Jesus Mt 3:13 17; Mk 1:9 11; Lk 3:21 23 A. His Ministry Begins at Age Thirty Jesus waited until He was thirty years old to begin His public ministry. This conforms to an Old Testament pattern for priests and Levites ministering in the Tabernacle (see Nu 4:30). Thirty years of age was also the beginning of legal maturity under the Law. At this age, Jesus was mature, fully developed, and ready for ministry. He was not of the tribe of Levi. Yet Jesus was a true priest, and He fit the priestly pattern of life and ministry (Heb 7:17). Q 11 Name two reasons Jesus waited until He in his

was thirty to begin His public ministry. a) __________. b) __________. Jesus appeared at the banks of the Jordan River to be baptised by John. John must have greatly desired to meet his cousin and his Messiah. This was the moment for which John had been born and called by God. John testified that he had not known Jesus personally before the Lord came to the Jordan (Jn 1:33). These cousins had not met because of John s isolation in the wilderness. But John knew Jesus when he saw Him. John had been told by God to look for the Holy Spirit coming down and staying upon the Christ. By this sign, John would know the Messiah. And John witnessed this very thing when he baptised Jesus (Jn 1:32 34). Q 12 How did John recognise his cousin Jesus? Jesus joined the crowd seeking baptism, appearing to be one of John s followers. But John was greatly disturbed by the idea of baptising Jesus. At first, John refused to do this: I need to be baptized by you, and do you come to me? (Mt 3:14). Jesus answered, Let it be so now; it is proper for us to do this to fulfill all righteousness (Mt 3: 15). John did not understand the significance of Christ s baptism. Jesus had no sins to wash away in the waters of baptism; John was certain of that. But Jesus knew that He had come to be the great Example for His people. Our Lord took His place with other human beings and identified completely with them. He walked ahead on the pathway that we should follow. Q 13 How did Christ s baptism fulfill all righteousness ?

B. The Holy Spirit Descends Two wonderful things happened when Jesus was baptised. God had earlier told John the sign that would identify the Messiah. At that moment, the Spirit of God descended upon Jesus and remained upon Him. The Spirit came in the form of a dove. This was God s sign to John: God s anointing of Jesus. And God the Father himself also declared that Jesus was His only Son. He spoke in a voice that could be heard by all those at the Jordan: This is my Son, whom I love; with him I am well pleased (Mt 3:17).

For the first time in Scripture, we see in Christ s baptism the full revelation of the Trinity. God the Father spoke from Heaven, praising His Son. God the Holy Spirit descended from heaven to rest upon Jesus. And God the Son received the Holy Spirit and His Father s testimony and pleasure. Jesus entered the Jordan in obedience to the Father. He left it having great spiritual power and anointing for ministry. Q 14 In what way was the Holy Trinity revealed in Mt 3:16 17? Jesus waited to begin His public ministry until He had received the Holy Spirit s power and anointing. Later, Peter said that Christ s ministry was linked to the ministry of the Holy Spirit upon Him. Peter said: You know what has happened throughout Judea, beginning in Galilee after the baptism that John preached how God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and power, and how he went around doing good and healing all who were under the power of the devil, because God was with him. (Ac 10:37 38) John had foretold that God would give the Holy Spirit to the Messiah without limit (Jn 3:34). The greatest possible anointing was needed for the Lord s ministry. Jesus would have to face temptation and the pressure of public ministry. He could do this through the anointing by the Holy Spirit. III. The Temptation of Jesus Christ Mt 4:1 11; Mk 1:12 13; Lk 4:1 13 A. Into the Wilderness Jesus entered a most unusual time of testing after His baptism. He had been introduced to the crowd as the anointed Lamb of God. He had been filled with the Holy Spirit, and the Spirit remained on Him. We could easily expect that Jesus would begin His public ministry immediately. However, this was not the case. The first thing the Holy Spirit did was to send Jesus alone into the wilderness, where He was with the wild animals, and angels attended him (Mk 1:13). The main reason Jesus went into the wilderness was to face Satan s temptation. Chapter Six John and the Baptism of Christ 41 Q 15 Jesus did not begin His public ministry immediately after His baptism. Why not?

The Scriptures record that Jesus fasted forty days in this wilderness. He became hungry only at the end of those six weeks. Weak and hungry, Jesus faced His greatest opponent: the devil. Satan was the great rebel against God and God s plan for mankind. Long before, Satan had deceived a third of God s angels, getting them to join him in rebellion against God. Some time later, the devil also deceived Eve in the Garden of Eden. Satan was a very successful tempter and deceiver. The first Adam had fallen for Satan s tricks. And now Satan was face to face with the second Adam. The evil one wanted Jesus to fall in His weakness as the Son of Man. B. Into Three Temptations The temptations of Christ are recorded in two of the Gospels: Matthew and Luke. The order of the second and third temptations are different in these two Gospel accounts. The content, however, is the same. We follow Luke s order of the temptations in this section. 1. The lust of the flesh. Satan first tried to take advantage of Christ because of His hunger. Satan knew that both John and God the Father had just recently proclaimed Christ to be the Son of God. Here was Satan s chance to test Christ s own faith in His divine Sonship. It would be so easy for Christ to show Satan how much power He had. And Jesus could satisfy His great hunger in the process. All He would have to do is command stones to become bread. But Jesus knew the Scriptures as well as He knew His own physical needs. And He had feasted often on the Word of God. Christ s response to the first temptation was based on Scripture: It is written: Man does not live on bread alone, but on every word that comes from the mouth of God (Mt 4:4). God s Word was more important to Christ than was physical bread (see also Jn 4:32 34). He could have shown His divine power to Satan, but there was no need to do this. Jesus knew who He was. He did not need to test His power in front of the devil.

42 The Life of Christ Q 16 How was Jesus feeling when He faced Satan s temptations? Q 17 What was the relationship between Christ s physical condition and Satan s first temptation? 2. The lust of the eyes. Satan did not stop after one defeat. He took Jesus to a high place and showed Him all of the kingdoms of the world (Lk 4:5). We are not told how Satan did this. Yet somehow Jesus was able to see the power and glory of this world s system. These kingdoms meant a great deal to Satan. They had been given to him and he would not part with them easily. But Satan was willing to give them all away if Jesus would just bow and worship him. Satan actually told the truth when he said, I will give you all their authority and splendor, for it has been given to me, and I can give it to anyone I want to. So if you worship me, it will all be yours. (Lk 4:6 7) Satan clearly has control of this world (1Jn 5:19). When Adam failed, Satan took control. He is called the god of this age (2Co 4:4). But Jesus was the Creator of all that He saw when standing there with Satan. God the Father had promised Him the lordship over all kings and nations (Ps 2:8 9). Now He was being tempted to lust for what He saw. In fact, Jesus was being tempted to avoid the Cross as the only way to gain His kingdom. How could He forsake and deny His Father and His Father s promise? How could Jesus bow and worship the great enemy of Almighty God? Jesus rejected the easy road and Satan s temptation with it. He again used Scripture to refuse Satan s offer: It is written: Worship the Lord your God and serve him only. (Lk 4:8). Q 18 this a) a b) a Satan offered Jesus all of the kingdoms of world. Was this real offer by Satan? __________. Explain. real temptation to Jesus? Explain.

3. The pride of life. Satan was not finished with his temptations. Luke states that Satan took Jesus to the highest point of the temple. Again, we are not told how Satan did this. There, Satan challenged Jesus to show His divine status

and power. He urged Jesus to jump! The devil even quoted from Psalm 91:11 12 to make his appeal more effective. But Jesus saw this twisted use of Scripture for what it was: tempting the Lord God. Jesus rejected Satan s third temptation. He quoted Scripture himself to tell Satan why He would not jump. Jesus chose Deuteronomy 6:16: Do not put the Lord your God to the test (Lk 4:12). After this, Satan left Jesus. The Son of God would not yield to temptations. Q 19 How would you explain to an unbeliever the nature of Satan s third temptation? IV. John In Prison Mt 14:3 5; Mk 6:17 20; Lk 3:19 20 A. The Climax of John s Ministry John had baptised the Lamb of God. Jesus then was immediately led by the Holy Spirit to be tempted by Satan. Meanwhile, John continued his preaching ministry at the Jordan. He went on condemning sin and calling people to repentance. John was certainly not a coward. He was a rough man of God who feared no one. John had called the Jewish leaders a brood of vipers (Mt 3:7). Now he began to attack the sins of King Herod, the Roman governor of Galilee and Perea. Sin is sin, even in high places of power. So John condemned this king s immoral behaviour. Herod was, in fact, having an adulterous relationship with Herodias, his brother s wife. Herodias hated John because John publicly condemned their sin. This ungodly woman eventually persuaded Herod to put John into prison (Mt 14:3). This ended John s public ministry as prophet and forerunner of the Messiah. Q 20 What brought John into conflict with Herod? B. His Personal Influence over Herod Two other events in John s life are recorded in Scripture. These happened before his murder in prison. The first event occurred when Jesus was preaching in Judea, while John was still at the Jordan. The Pharisees began to compare John with

Jesus. Jesus did not want His actions and popularity to hurt John in any way. Therefore, He left Judea to return to Galilee. John was arrested by Herod around this time. Jesus continued on to Galilee by way of Samaria. The second event concerned John s personal contact with Herod after being put into prison. Perhaps even wicked King Herod had some measure of conscience and fear of God left in him. Herod was both afraid of and attracted to this holy Chapter Six John and the Baptism of Christ 43 man of God. Herod would often call John to speak to him. Mark 6:20 states, When Herod heard John, he was greatly puzzled; yet he liked to listen to him. But Herodias also had great influence over Herod. Herod was willing to leave John in jail because of her. Q 21 Why did Jesus leave Judea to return to Galilee? Q 22 Why did Herod fear John?

44 The Life of Christ Homework Q 23 Review Q 3 and Q 4 in section I. Complete the following chart, giving Scrip ture references for each of John s titles. You might believe that the same title can (or should) apply to beli evers today. If so, locate a Scripture reference to support your belief and write it in the third column. John s titleScripture reference Can this title apply to believers today? Explain. __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ Q 24 Review Q 13. Jesus was baptised by John as John preached a baptism of repen tance. Did Jesus repent before being baptised? Explain. Q 25 What is the relationship between having a commission and being a messenger? Q 26 Review section III. Complete the following chart on the topic of Christ s temptati ons. Satan wanted nature of how Jesus Jesus to the temptation responded 1. __________ __________ __________ 2. __________ __________ __________ 3. __________ __________ __________ Class Discussion Q 27 Does the relationship in Q 25 above apply to believers who have received Christ s Great Commission? Explain. Q 28 In what way did Explain your answer. John the Voice speak for God when he preached? Was this prophecy?

Q 29 The text says that God often trained His best workers in silence and isolation. Does this apply to the ministry today? Explain. Q 30 John preached a hard message of repentance and the need to prepare for the comin g Messiah. Should preachers today copy John s message? Explain.

Chapter Seven Arrival in Galilee and Capernaum Objectives Describe the location of the Sea of Galilee. Name some of the important cities around the Sea of Galilee. Summarise Christ s preaching in Nazareth and the people s reaction to it. Explain how Jesus ministered to demoniacs and to sick people. Chapter Outline I. Christ s ministry begins in Galilee (Mt 4:12, 17; Mk 1:14 15; Lk 4:14 21) A. Christ s home province B. Preaching in Nazareth C. The nature of Christ s ministry II. To Capernaum (Mt 4:13 22; 8:14 17; Mk 1:16 38; Lk 4:31 43; 5:1 11) A. Jesus leaves Nazareth B. A miraculous catch of fish C. Jesus calls fishermen D. Casting out demons at Capernaum E. Healings and prayer Key Words demoniacs........ Jesus drove out demons from the demoniacs brought to Him. fishermen......... Some of Christ s disciples were fishermen. ministry ........... Christ s ministry was marked by the anointing of the Holy Spi rit. Nazareth .......... He preached in the synagogue in His home town of Nazareth. Sea of Galilee .. Jesus loved the people who lived near the Sea of Galilee. I. Christ s Ministry Begins in Galilee Mt 4:12, 17; Mk 1:14 15; Lk 4:14 21 A. Christ s Home Province Jesus returned to His home area after His temptation and early ministry in Judea. The province of Galilee1 was about fifty kilometres from east to west and ninety-six miles from north to 1 See the map in Appendix A. south. One Jewish historian stated that about 240 cities and villages were located in Galilee. The population of this province then was about three million people. This part of Israel was ruled by Herod Antipas. Herod was the king who later killed John. A few years later, Jesus himself stood before Herod while on trial in Jerusalem. The Sea of Galilee was on the eastern side of the province. This lake is about twenty-one kilo

45

46 The Life of Christ metres long and eleven kilometres wide. Many of the stories in the Gospels took place on or near the Sea of Galilee. The Gennesaret Plain is located on the lake s north-west shore. Its major cities were Capernaum, Bethsaida, and Chorazin. These cities were important points on the great caravan route from the East to Egypt. The people in this area must have been influenced by all of those travelling through it. Q 1 How many people lived in the province of Galilee during Christ s lifetime? Q 2 How many cities and villages were in Galilee during Christ s lifetime? Q 3 Name three of Galilee s major cities. a) __________. b) __________. c) __________. Q 4 Describe the Sea of Galilee. Explain why this area was important. The people in the area of Galilee and Capernaum were lower- and middle-class workers. They were the common people who gladly listened to the words of Christ. These people were not under the direct control of Jerusalem s priests and religious teachers. Spiritually, Galilee was spiritually fertile ground for the start of our Lord s public ministry. Jesus knew His home area of Galilee well. But many Galileans did not know Him while He was a child and young man. Their first contact with Jesus came at the feast in Jerusalem. There, they saw the miracles He did (Jn 2:23). In fact, some Galileans may have already come to believe in Him. So they received Jesus warmly when He returned to Galilee. However, many in Nazareth likely were merely curious to see Him again. After all, this young Preacher had grown up among them. There was little faith in Galilee. Luke recorded that Jesus returned to Galilee in the power of the Spirit (4:14). The Spirit had descended upon Him in the form of a dove at His

baptism. The Spirit remained upon Jesus after His baptism (Jn 1:32 33). And He was still being led by the Holy Spirit when He returned to Galilee. The Lord immediately began to preach to the people. His message was the same as John s had been: Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near (Mt 4:17). He taught in their synagogues and was praised by all the people. In fact, people were amazed by His miracles (Mk 1:27). The result was that news about Him spread quickly over the whole region of Galilee (Mk 1:28). Q 5 The common people of Galilee were not like the people of Nazareth. Name one way in which they were different, in reference to Christ s ministry. Q 6 In what way did Jesus sound like John when He started preaching? B. Preaching in Nazareth We now look at Christ s ministry in His home town of Nazareth. The report of His miracles earlier in Capernaum had probably reached Nazareth before He arrived (Lk 4:23). Now the Healer was home, ready to continue His ministry among old friends and neighbours. The Lord knew that He might not be highly respected in His home town: Jesus himself had pointed out that a prophet has no honor in his own country (Jn 4:44). Yet He also knew that a person s first spiritual duty is to his own people. Jesus later told His disciples they would begin their witness of Him in Jerusalem (Ac 1:8). From there, they would then begin to spread the message of Christ to the ends of the earth. Jesus entered the same synagogue where He had studied and worshipped as a boy. He came to the synagogue as was his custom (Lk 4:16). But much had happened to Jesus since He left Nazareth. He had been baptised by John. There, John had publicly announced that Jesus was the Son of God. The Father had said the same thing, and the Holy Spirit had powerfully anointed Him. In addition, Jesus had faced Satan s strongest temptations and had won! He had started preaching the good news of the Kingdom, and performed divine miracles. Now He was ready to preach His first sermon at home. Jesus stood in the synagogue to read the Scriptures. He found Isaiah 61 and read:

The Spirit of the Lord is on me, because he has anointed me to preach good news to the poor.

Chapter Seven Arrival in Galilee and Capernaum 47 He has sent me to proclaim freedom for the prisoners and recovery of sight for the blind, to release the oppressed, to proclaim the year of the Lord s favor. (Lk 4:18 19) The Spirit resting upon Jesus was the same Spirit Who had inspired Isaiah to write these words. These few verses summarised Christ s entire ministry. It was good that the people of Nazareth were the first to hear this sermon. Q 7 What was the sermon text for Christ s first sermon in His home town? List its main points. C. The Nature of Christ s Ministry The Holy Spirit was the source of Christ s wisdom and power in ministry. And preaching was to be the greatest part of His ministry. Notice that the act of preaching or proclaiming is found three times in Luke 4:18 19. Jesus was anointed to preach the good news, freedom, the year of the Lord s favor. He would free the prisoner, heal the blind, and release the oppressed. And His ministry would focus on the poor, the broken-hearted, the captives, the blind, and the bruised. The year of the Lord s favour to mankind had arrived. Jesus was there! Still, the Lord was not the type of Messiah that most people in Israel were expecting. The Jews were waiting for deliverance from foreign armies. They wanted Israel to become a great world power again, as it had been under Solomon. But this was not the time Jesus would come to Israel as the allpowerful, ruling Messiah. Israel s national deliverance from Rome would not be a part of His earthly ministry. Yet Jesus could honestly tell the people of Nazareth that He was the true Messiah. He was about to fulfil the spiritual, not the political, ministries described by Isaiah. Q 8 List the actions that would characterise Christ s ministry. Q 9 Describe the kind of Messiah the people of

Nazareth were expecting. Today this scripture is fulfilled in your hearing (Lk 4:21). The people in that synagogue were amazed by this statement. Until that moment, they had been pleased with how well Jesus spoke (Lk 4:22). Everyone was watching Him to see what He would do next. Perhaps they were waiting for some sign or miracle. But then they remembered that this Preacher was only Joseph s son. He had been their neighbour for thirty years. They thought that they knew Him well. Jesus knew the critical, negative thoughts toward Him. He also knew that the people of Nazareth only wanted a spiritual show working miracles like those He did in Capernaum. So the Lord boldly confronted their attitude. He told them all that they were children of their unbelieving fathers. He told how God blessed a Gentile widow and Gentile lepers while passing over Jewish widows and lepers. Yet the people of Nazareth would not admit their unbelief and spiritual need. Instead, they rose up against Him in great anger. Jesus was not surprised by their reaction. He knew what was in the heart of man. Unbelief became hard with bitterness and hot with rage when He exposed it. Q 10 Why were the people of Nazareth shocked by Christ s preaching? Jesus neighbours and childhood friends wanted to kill Him that day. The truth that Christ spoke was too strong and clear for them to accept. But the time of His death had not come. The Father was not willing for His Son to be killed in Nazareth. And so Jesus walked right through the crowd and went on his way (Lk 4:30). Q 11 What was Nazareth s reaction to Christ s first sermon there? II. To Capernaum Mt 4:13 22; 8:14 17; Mk 1:16 38; Lk 4:31 43; 5:1 11 A. Jesus Leaves Nazareth Jesus was rejected by the people in His home town. He left Nazareth and moved His ministry s centre to Capernaum. Jesus must have been heartbroken when making this move. It is terrible when unbelieving people are left behind by the Redeemer. But this early event in His ministry

48 The Life of Christ showed clearly that Jesus usually left places of unbelief. This move to Capernaum was foretold by the prophet Isaiah. Matthew (4:15 16) quoted a part of Isaiah to show the fulfilment of this Old Testament prophecy: Nevertheless, there will be no more gloom for those who were in distress. In the past he humbled the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, but in the future he will honor Galilee of the Gentiles, by the way of the sea, along the Jordan The people walking in darkness have seen a great light; on those living in the land of the shadow of death a light has dawned. (Isa 9:1 2) Isaiah prophesied that this centre of the northern tribes of Israel would be in great darkness. But then it would be blessed by the coming of the Light of the world. The region was called Galilee of the Gentiles. This term expressed how many Gentile foreigners lived in and around Capernaum. The Roman nobleman from Capernaum had already seen a mighty healing in his home (Mt 8:13). This man s experience was only the beginning of a Gentile harvest by Jesus in this area. Q 12 Summarise the Old Testament prophecies about Capernaum. How were these prophecies fulfilled by Jesus? B. A Miraculous Catch of Fish Jesus loved the Sea of Galilee. He was standing by the lake one day when the people began to crowd around Him. Jesus was there visiting with Simon and Andrew. These two men had begun to follow Him at the Jordan. They had been with Him in His early ministry in Judea. And Simon and Andrew had followed Jesus during His return to Galilee through Samaria. Probably, they went back to fishing for a short time to earn some money. Apparently Simon and Andrew were washing their nets while Jesus was standing nearby. Jesus felt free to enter Simon s boat. He then asked Simon to move it a little from the land. Jesus wanted a floating pulpit so He could speak to the people easily. After preaching, Jesus asked Simon to move the boat into deeper water. He then told Simon to put the nets in to catch some fish. However, Simon did

not even want to try. He and Andrew had fished all night and had caught nothing. Yet Simon respected the Master s power and authority. He obeyed Jesus, even though he thought it was hopeless. Immediately, these men caught a great number of large fish. The catch was so great that their nets began to break. James and John were fishing partners with Simon and Andrew. These two brothers joined in the effort to bring in the fish. The nets were so full that both ships almost began to sink. This story is a case of God s abundant supply when people respond in obedience. The great catch of fish confirmed to Simon Peter the divine power at work in Jesus. Peter fell at the Master s feet, confessing his own sinfulness and Christ s lordship. This great catch of fish reminds us of the promise God has given to all believers. Paul wrote, To him who is able to do immeasurably more than all we ask or imagine, according to his power that is at work within us . . . (Eph 3:20). Q 13 What did the large catch and broken fishing nets mean to Simon? C. Jesus Calls Fishermen The disciples had just witnessed the power of Christ in a great miracle of fish. Jesus chose this time to confirm His call to Simon, Andrew, James, and John. Their time of probation as His disciples was over. This miracle convinced these four men that Jesus was indeed the Messiah. He deserved their complete and total commitment. Jesus spoke to these men in terms they could easily understand. They were fishermen, and they had just caught many fish. Jesus then applied their experience as a spiritual lesson or example: Come, follow me . . . and I will make you fishers of men (Mk 1:17). The Lord had just shown that He was the Master Fisherman. The actual fish, however, were only symbols. They represented the people who needed to be caught and brought into the kingdom of God. Three years would pass before these simple fishermen would see a large catch of

men on the Day of Pentecost. The disciples needed those years to hear the Master s teaching and to be in His presence. But we note their eagerness to learn and to leave all to follow Him. Q 14 Explain this phrase: fishers of men. D. Casting Out Demons at Capernaum Christ respected Israel s religious institutions. He taught in the synagogues on the Sabbath day and at the seashore during the week. Those attending the synagogues were amazed by His teaching (Lk 4:32). Jesus preached with great power and authority. Even the people of Nazareth, who later rejected Him, were, at first, amazed at His gracious words (Lk 4:22). Jesus was in the synagogue in Capernaum one Sabbath day. A demoniac began to disturb the worship service. This man shouted out his objection to the presence of the Holy One of God (Lk 4:34). The demon in the man knew that Jesus was the Messiah (see Jas 2:19). It feared that Jesus had come to destroy it. But Jesus did not want the respect nor the praise of demons! He rebuked the demon and commanded it to be quiet. Jesus then ordered it to come out of the man. The demon obeyed immediately and the demoniac was delivered. Here Jesus showed His authority over the spirit world. The people in the synagogue were all amazed. His teaching was different than that of the religious leaders. Jesus showed power that the scribes and teachers of the Law never had. News about Him began to spread quickly through the entire region around Galilee. Q 15 Christ s ministry was very different from that of the Jewish religious leaders. What was the main difference? E. Healings and Prayer Jesus went with His four disciples from the synagogue to Simon s home. Simon s mother-inlaw was sick with a high fever. The five men were told of this woman s illness when they entered the house. Simon and Andrew asked Jesus to help. Christ had just driven out a demon in the synagogue. And He had earlier healed many in Capernaum. So it was natural for these disciples to look to Jesus for another miracle. Chapter Seven Arrival in Galilee and Capernaum 49 Jesus agreed to Simon s request. He rebuked the fever, and it left her (Lk 4:39). The woman

got up and began to serve her guests. Jesus the Healer attracted many sick people in Capernaum. These sick ones waited until the Sabbath was over that evening. They then came to the house seeking their own miracle. Some of these people must have been very sick. Luke 4:40 states that sick people were brought to Him, unable to get to the house themselves. Jesus felt compassion for these people. He laid His hands on them and healed them. The deliverance of the demoniac in the synagogue was a great miracle. It must have inspired faith in some people. Later that night, many demoniacs were brought to Jesus. He also drove out many demons, but he would not let the demons speak because they knew who he was (Mk 1:34). Matthew linked Christ s healing ministry to Isaiah 53, written seven hundred years earlier: He took up our infirmities and carried our diseases (Mt 8:17). Divine healing was a part of Christ s ministry. It would also be a part of His future atonement on the Cross for our sins. Thus, Jesus began the process of destroying the works of the devil. He did this by performing these miracles of healing and deliverance. Q 16 Demons were truthfully confessing who Je sus was. Why did He order the demons to be quiet when they were telling the truth? Very early in the morning, while it was still dark, Jesus got up, left the house and went off to a solitary place, where he prayed (Mk 1:35). Here we have a brief account of Christ s private devotional life. This verse contains the secret of His great wisdom and divine power. Jesus kept close, loving fellowship with the Father through those private hours. He found a place where He could be alone with His Father. After prayer, Jesus was ready to travel to other towns and villages which needed His ministry also. He stated simply, That is why I have come (Mk 1:38).

50 The Life of Christ Mark 1:35 also illustrates how all believers can have divine power and wisdom in their lives. It is the secret of private prayer. Christ woke up early and went to pray long before the rush of daily activities. Believers today can find strength and power for each day by following Christ s example. Q 17 What was the secret of Christ s spiritual authority and power?

Chapter Seven Arrival in Galilee and Capernaum 51 Homework Q 18 to Q 21: Describe the Sea of Galilee and the region or area around it, by answering the f ollowing four questions. Q 18 The size of the lake was: length: __________ kilometres. width: __________ kilometres. Q 19 The size of the province of Galilee was: from north to south: __________ kilometres. from east to west: __________ kilometres. Q 20 The population of the region: __________. Q 21 The ruler of the region: __________. Q 22 Locate three of the major cities in the province of Galilee on the map in Append ix A. Name them. a) __________. b) __________. c) __________. Class Discussion Q 23 It seemed that Jesus intended to make the people of Nazareth angry during His se rmon (Lk 4:22 27). Should pastors today try to make people angry when they preach? Explain. Q 24 Is Mk 1:35 a pattern for men of God today? Explain. Q 25 Mk 16:18 tells us to lay hands on the sick when praying for them. Does a believe r also need to touch or lay hands on a demoniac in order to drive out the demon? Did Jesus do this? Disc uss this in reference to current practices among Pentecostal believers. Q 26 Review section II. A. Did Jesus minister only to the Jews? Explain.

52 The Life of Christ

Chapter Eight A Ministry Tour of Galilee Objectives Understand why Jesus healed people. Identify the factors in the conflict between Jesus and the religious leaders. Summarise the content of three major teachings by Jesus. Chapter Outline I. Healing people (Mt 4:23 25; 8:2 4; 9:1 8; Mk 1:39 45; 2:1 12; Lk 4:44; 5:12 26) A. Healing a leper B. Healing a paralysed man II. Associating with sinners (Mt 9:9 13; Mk 2:13 17; Lk 5:27 32) A. Calling a tax collector B. Eating with sinners III. New teachings on fasting and the Sabbath (Mt 9:14 15; 12:1 14; Mk 2:18 28; Lk 5:3 3 39; 6:1 5) A. Teachings on fasting B. Teachings on old and new things C. Teachings on the Sabbath D. Healing on the Sabbath Key Words fasting.............. Fasting is an important part of the Christian faith. healing............. The healing power of Jesus was clear to all in Israel. Sabbath............ The Pharisees often accused Jesus of breaking the Sabbath la ws. sinners ............. Jesus Christ came to save sinners. teaching ........... The common people of Israel loved to hear Christ s teaching a bout God and life. I. Healing People Mt 4:23 25; 8:2 4; 9:1 8; Mk 1:39 45; 2:1 12; Lk 4:44; 5:12 26 Jesus began a tour of all parts of Galilee with His faithful disciples. He naturally used synagogues as the centres for His ministry. Jesus preached, taught, and drove out demons. And He healed every disease and sickness among the people (Mt 4:23). People brought demoniacs and those with every kind of sickness to Him. Matthew simply reported that he healed them (Mt 4:24). News about Him

reached all parts of Galilee. The news even reached the northern country of Syria. Great crowds also came to Him from the south. They travelled for

53

54 The Life of Christ days to reach Him from Jerusalem, Judea, and the area east of the Jordan. A. Healing a Leper Leprosy was a terrible disease that was greatly feared. It was common in Israel at the time of Christ. A leper once came to Jesus begging the Master to heal him. This man challenged Jesus: Lord, if you are willing, you can make me clean (Mt 8:2). Actually, this was both a challenge and a statement of faith by the leper. The Lord accepted this challenge, saying simply: I am willing (8:3). Jesus was filled with compassion for this helpless man. He proved how willing He was to make the man clean. Jesus did this by actually touching the man and commanding him to be clean. The leprosy immediately left, and the man was completely healed. Q 1 Why did Jesus heal the leper? Jesus sent this former leper away with two commands. The man was to keep silent about his healing. And he was to follow the Law of Moses for lepers. Jesus told this healed man to show himself to a priest. The man was to offer the sacrifices that Moses had commanded the Israelites to offer. Even the Old Testament Jews believed that God would heal leprosy. Leviticus 14 gives instructions for returning a healed, cleansed leper to normal life. This shows that healing has always been in God s plan for mankind. We do not know if this leper obeyed Jesus concerning the Law of Moses. However, the man certainly did not keep silent about his healing! Instead, he went everywhere spreading the news of his healing by Christ. This man s testimony resulted in huge crowds coming to Jesus. These crowds were so large that Jesus could no longer publicly enter the towns and villages. He had to stay out in the lonely countryside. Still the people came to Him seeking healing, deliverance, and His teaching. This forced Jesus to withdraw even further to find private places to pray. Q 2 How did news about Jesus spread so quickly? Q 3 Great crowds of people came to Jesus.

What three things did they want from Him? a) __________. b) __________. c) __________. B. Healing a Paralysed Man Jesus eventually returned to Capernaum. But the city quickly became aware that He was there. The house He entered may have belonged to Simon. People began to crowd in upon Him as He started to preach to them. In fact, the house was so full that there was no room to move inside. Suddenly, there was a great disturbance. Four men on top of the house were breaking a hole in the flat, tiled roof. They could not get their paralysed friend through the door because of the crowd. So they used ropes to lower the helpless man down through the roof to Jesus. Jesus knew that this strange action was a step of faith. So He responded in terms of faith. He told the man lying on his bed that his sins were forgiven! This statement was probably a great surprise to the five men in this story. But the scribes and Pharisees who had come to the house were greatly disturbed by Christ s statement. Every Jew knew that only God could forgive sins. Here was Jesus quietly assuming the rights of God! Jesus had performed many miracles. Even demons had shouted out that He was the Holy One of Israel. Now Christ was confronting the great unbelief that existed in Israel. These religious men accused Jesus of blasphemy when they heard what He said to the paralysed man. Christ knew what the Pharisees were thinking. He challenged their unbelief by comparing two actions: healing and forgiving sins. Which is easier: telling a helpless cripple to walk or telling him that he is forgiven? The crowd may have expected a miracle, but they certainly did not expect forgiveness! But Jesus had the power to do both. In fact, His power to heal the man proved that He could also forgive him: But that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins. . . . I tell you, get up, take your mat and go home. (Mk 2:10 11)

The man did exactly that! And the people there other than the Pharisees were all amazed and glorified God. They had never seen such power to forgive and to heal. Q 4 Why did the Pharisees accuse Jesus of blasphemy? Q 5 Jesus linked together forgiveness of sin and divine healing. Why did He do this? II. Associating with Sinners Mt 9:9 13; Mk 2:13 17; Lk 5:27 32 A. Calling a Tax Collector Jesus generally respected the religious and social customs of His day. However, He would ignore those customs when they stood in the way of ministry to people. Consider the example of Matthew. A few Jews had lowered themselves to become tax collectors for Rome. These men were social outcasts; the Jews hated them. Tax collectors were considered to be thieves and traitors against the nation of Israel. Matthew was one of these hated men. But even such people were dear to the heart of Jesus. Christ saw potential in Matthew that no one else saw. Matthew was sitting at the tax collection booth on the Capernaum road. Jesus walked by and simply told him: Follow me (Mt 9:9). This was a brief invitation to Matthew to join the other disciples as a follower of Jesus. Matthew understood this to be a permanent call to discipleship. Immediately he left all to follow the Lord. Matthew must have felt honoured to be invited to follow Christ. He was so happy that he had a celebration in his home. Jesus and the other disciples were his guests. But Matthew also invited his friends: other tax collectors and sinners, or immoral people. Luke described this as a great banquet (Lk 5:29). Matthew chose this setting to announce to his friends his decision to follow Christ. Chapter Eight Tour of Galilee 55 Q 6 Would the Jewish religious leaders have approved of Matthew as a disciple? Explain. B. Eating with Sinners Some Pharisees were at this banquet, or were near the banquet hall. They immediately questioned Christ s disciples about His behaviour

and choice of friends. The Messiah was to be a ruler and leader of the Jews. He must keep the right social position and avoid undesirable people. But here was this Man freely enjoying an evening with social outcasts. The Pharisees could not understand how a righteous man could do such things. Jesus quickly challenged these Pharisees. He confronted their attitude of social prejudice and religious pride. Christ stated His position clearly: It is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick. I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners (Mk 2:17). This is a source of comfort for all who are of low social standing. Jesus then added a scriptural rebuke to those self-righteous Pharisees. Matthew 9:13 contains a quotation from the book of Hosea: But go and learn what this means: I desire mercy, not sacrifice. For I have not come to

call the righteous, but sinners. The Pharisees clearly understood the laws of sacrifice. But they did not understand God s desire to show mercy to social outcasts. Jesus knew what Hosea meant, and acted on that Scripture. He was enjoying fellowship with those who most needed God s mercy and acceptance. God wants this type of religion more than all of the sacrifices of the temple. Kindness and mercy shown toward others is worth much more than external religious rules. Q 7 The religious leaders had accused Jesus of many things. What sin were they guilty of themselves? Q 8 Describe the religious acts and attitudes that truly please God. Q 9 What kind of person did Jesus come to call to himself? Did this include the Pharisees?

56 The Life of Christ III. New Teachings on Fasting and the Sabbath Mt 9:14 15; 12:1 14; Mk 2:18 28; Lk 5:33 35; 6:1 5 A. Teachings on Fasting Some of John s disciples had chosen to follow Jesus. Others, however, had closed their minds to Christ s teachings and leadership. These men now came to argue with the Lord about fasting. Note that they identified themselves with the sect of the Pharisees: How is it that we and the Pharisees fast, but your disciples do not fast? (Mt 9:14). It was true that these men fasted often while praying (Lk 5:33). Christ and His disciples did not do this. John s disciples were offended and confused by Christ s neglect of fasting. Either they (and the Pharisees) were wrong or Jesus and His disciples were wrong. John s former disciples wanted Jesus to defend His position on fasting. Jesus answered their question by referring to a wedding party. Guests at a wedding party do not fast. A wedding is a time of celebration and feasting because the happy bridegroom is there. But things are different after the bridegroom leaves. People return to their normal lives. Then they can begin fasting. Jesus basically said, My disciples are rejoicing in my presence now. This is not the time to fast. They will fast after I have gone away. Thus Jesus defended the lack of fasting by His disciples. He also spoke of His future departure from this earth. At that future time, His disciples would fast. Q 10 Do you practice fasting? Explain. Q 11 Why did some of John s disciples join with the Pharisees to question Jesus and His disciples? B. Teachings on Old and New Things It was probably at this same time that Jesus gave two related parables. The first parable was about a garment. He said that it is not wise to patch an old garment with a new piece of cloth. The new patch would not match the cloth in the old garment. The patch would make the entire garment look strange. And the new cloth would eventually pull away from the old; the threads would not hold. Also, some other new garment would be ruined in order to produce the patch. Both the new and the old would then be spoiled.

The second parable was about old and new wineskins or bottles. Jesus said that no one pours new wine into old wineskins. Wineskins eventually become stiff and hard. But new wine requires room for the fermentation process to take place. The wineskin holding new wine must be flexible and able to expand. New wine poured into an old wineskin would cause the old skin to burst. The wine and the wineskin would both be lost. New wine should always be poured into new wineskins. These two parables present one great truth. Jesus was again attacking the old attitudes of social prejudice and religious pride. This included the practice of ritual fasting and prayers. He was calling these things old wineskins. They could not hold the new wine of the Kingdom being taught by Jesus. Christ s teachings and ministry had life and movement. His gospel needed the spiritual flexibility of new wineskins. The old skins of religious customs and social pride were no longer useful. Jesus was basically telling the Pharisees this: Do not try to force Me and My teaching into your old hardened traditions and beliefs. They will not fit there. His new teachings on the Sabbath, discussed below, is another example of this wineskin truth. Q 12 What did each of the following things repre sent? a) old garments: __________. b) new patches of cloth: __________. c) old wineskins: __________. d) new wine: __________. Q 13 Jesus told parables about the garments and the wineskins. In your own words, state the point He was making in these two parables. C. Teachings on the Sabbath Jesus had conflict with the Pharisees in both Jerusalem and Judea while He was ministering there. He had revealed himself as the Son of God, doing miracles in His Father s Name. And He had made strong charges against those Jewish leaders. Jesus then turned away from them and returned to Galilee. But the Pharisees were everywhere!

Chapter Eight Tour of Galilee 57 On the next Sabbath day, the Lord was walking through a corn field with His disciples. His disciples were hungry and began to pick some ears of corn to eat. This was not stealing according to the Law of Moses. It was completely acceptable to eat small amounts of crops growing in a field. A person could legally take all he could eat. But he could not carry away any of the crop (Dt 23:25). The Pharisees believed Deuteronomy 23:25 was acceptable on any day except the Sabbath. But Jesus knew that the Law applied to every day of the week. He approved of His disciples behaviour. The Sabbath had become the false god of the Jewish people. God had ordained the Sabbath to be a blessing to man. But the Pharisees twisted this blessing and turned it into a burden. Celebrating the Sabbath rest was no longer a cause for joy. It had become only a heavy load that the people were not able to bear easily (see Ac 15:10). Jesus always opposed such man-made, legalistic religion. Q 14 How was Dt 23:25 interpreted by a) the Pharisees? __________. b) Jesus? __________. The Pharisees questioned the Lord: Look, why are they doing what is unlawful on the Sabbath? (Mk 2:24). He responded from the Scriptures with a story from David s life. Jesus said to them, Haven t you read what David did when he and his companions were hungry? He entered the house of God, and he and his companions ate the consecrated bread which was not lawful for them to do, but only for the priests. (Mt 12:3 4) Then Jesus reminded them about the work of the priests in the temple. On the Sabbath, the priests had to do things that were forbidden on the Sabbath. Yet they were innocent because of their ministry duties. And Jesus again quoted Hosea 6:6 to them: If you had known what these words mean, I

desire mercy, not sacrifice, you would not

have condemned the innocent. (Mt 12:7) Finally, Jesus summarised His new teaching on the Sabbath. He said, The Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath. So the Son of Man is Lord even of the Sabbath (Mk 2:27 28). This was another claim by Jesus that He was God. Long before the Incarnation, Jesus himself established the Sabbath day (see Heb 1:2). It was His right to observe it or to modify it as He chose. Q 15 Summarise Christ s new teaching on the Sabbath. D. Healing on the Sabbath Jesus challenged the way the Jews understood the purpose of the Sabbath. He taught them why God gave the Sabbath in the first place. He confronted the burdens and traditions that had become attached to this day of rest. And Jesus even healed a man on the Sabbath day as an object lesson. Christ was teaching in a synagogue. A man with a crippled hand was there. Some of the people wanted an opportunity to accuse Jesus of breaking the Sabbath laws. So they watched Him carefully to see if He would heal the man that day. And Jesus did exactly what they were expecting Him to do. He healed the crippled man. Jesus told the man to stand up in front of everyone. He then asked: Which is lawful on the Sabbath: to do good or to do evil, to save life or to kill? (Mk 3:4). Jesus was saying that healing is a good thing, not an evil thing. He wanted the hypocrites among the people to see the error in their man-made doctrine. He then commanded the crippled man to stretch out his hand. Immediately, this happy man was no longer a cripple! Not everyone in the synagogue was happy to see this miracle. Jesus himself was angry with the Pharisees hard hearts (Mk 3:5). And the Pharisees were furious and began to discuss with one another what they might do to Jesus (Lk 6:11). Matthew stated that the Pharisees plotted how they might kill Jesus (12:14). An act of divine power and compassion drove the Pharisees to plan murder something clearly forbidden by God. The Pharisees were desperate to end Christ s ministry. They even willingly joined forces with the hated Herodians to destroy the Lord. Q 16 Jesus felt compassion for the helpless and

the sick. In contrast, the Jewish leaders felt __________ toward Him.

58 The Life of Christ Homework Q 17 Review Q 8 to Q 16. Then complete the following chart. purpose according issue to Jesus to religious leaders fasting ...................... Sabbath ................... __________ __________ __________ __________ religious traditions.... compassion ............. __________ __________ __________ __________ Q 18 Review Q 4 to Q 7. The religious leaders accused Jesus of the sinful action called __________. Jesus accused the religious leaders of the sinful attitude of __________. Q 19 According to Israel s religious leaders, what did Jesus do owing situations: a) b) c) d) e) f) healing and forgiving the paralysed man: __________. calling Matthew to follow Him: __________. eating with sinners : __________. not fasting: __________. eating grain in the field: __________. healing a man in the synagogue: __________. wrong in each of the foll

Class Discussion Q 20 What can we learn about the heart of God from miracles of divine healing? Q 21 Are there any areas in your life that Jesus would call an old garment in ? Explain. or old winesk

Q 22 Review your answer to Q 10. Should fasting be a part of every believer s life? Exp lain. Q 23 Jesus worked by healing people on the Sabbath. Was this an example of an old wines kin or new wine? Explain. Q 24 Should Christians play sports or have other forms of recreation on Sunday? Are t hese acceptable if they do not keep people from going to church? Explain.

Chapter Nine The Sermon on the Mount and More Miracles Objectives Memorise the names of the twelve disciples. Know the four major content areas in the Sermon on the Mount. Explain the relationship between faith and authority. Chapter Outline I. Events before the Sermon on the Mount (Mt 10:2 4; 12:15 21; Mk 3:7 19; Lk 6:12 19) A. Teaching the multitudes B. The twelve Apostles II. The Sermon on the Mount (Mt 5 7; Lk 6:20 49) A. The Beatitudes B. The salt of the earth; the light of the world C. The old Law and the new gospel D. Various teachings and promises III. More miracles (Mt 8:5 13; Lk 7:1 17) A. A centurion s servant healed B. A widow s son raised to life Key Words Beatitudes........ Matthew s Gospel records the Beatitudes in chapter 5. miracles ........... Jesus performed many great miracles of healing. sermon............. The Sermon on the Mount tells us much about the kingdom of G od. teaching ........... The common people of Israel loved to hear Christ s teaching a bout God and life. I. Events before the Sermon on the Mount Mt 10:2 4; 12:15 21; Mk 3:7 19; Lk 6:12 19 A. Teaching the Multitudes Jesus and His disciples withdrew to the Sea of Galilee after His conflict with the Pharisees.1 He found an area on the shore where many people could come to Him. The shoreline quickly filled with a great multitude of people. They came from Galilee, Judea, and beyond the Jordan. People even 1 See Chapter Eight. 59

60 The Life of Christ came from far-away Tyre and Sidon on the Mediterranean Sea.1 Sick people wanted to touch Jesus. Power came from Him and He healed all of them. Jesus also drove out many demons as they cried out: You are the Son of God (Mk 3:11). But He commanded these evil spirits not to tell who He was. He gave the same command to those who had been healed of diseases. Both Jews and Gentiles received miracles of healing and deliverance from evil spirits. But Jesus did not want them to testify that He was the Messiah. Matthew stated that this fulfilled Isaiah 42:1 4. Matthew 12:21 is a quote from Isaiah 42:4. It is interesting that this passage mentions the Gentiles putting their hope in Christ. His ministry was centred on the Jews, but it also included some Gentile followers. Q 1 Did Jesus love the Jews more than the Gentiles? Explain. Q 2 Why did Jesus command people not to tell who He was? (See Isa 42:1 4.) B. The Twelve Apostles At this time, Jesus had been with His followers long enough to know them well. The time had come to choose a small number of them as close disciples. This was a very important decision. The entire responsibility for continuing His ministry would rest upon these twelve men. Therefore, Jesus prayed all night about His choices. The choice of Judas Iscariot must have been a difficult one for Jesus. It was already prophesied that one of the Twelve would betray Him: Even my close friend, whom I trusted, he who shared my bread, has lifted up his heel against me (Ps 41:9). John stated that Jesus knew from the beginning who would betray Him (Jn 6:64, 71). Christ s choice of Judas was not a mistake. He gave these twelve men the title of apostle. This word means a sent one. Their names are usually listed in groups of four. Simon is always named first, and Judas Iscariot is always listed last. Q 3 Which of the twelve disciples is always named a) first? __________.

b) last? __________. 1. Group one. The first group of four includes Simon (later named Peter), his brother Andrew, and James and John. Jesus sometimes called James and John the sons of thunder. All four of these men came from Bethsaida on the northwest shore of Galilee. 2. Group two. Philip always appears first in the second group of four. Bartholomew,2 Matthew, and Thomas are the others in this second group. 3. Group three. The final group of four begins with James the Less, who was the son of Alphaeus. Another is Jude.3 Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot the betrayer are the final two in this group. Q 4 Which disciple always appears first in the second group of four? Q 5 List in correct order the disciples in the third group. a) __________. b) __________. c) __________. d) __________. Jesus called these Apostles to follow Him for two reasons. First, He wanted them to be with Him. They needed this time with Jesus before they would be ready for ministry. Second, Jesus would send them out to preach the good news with His anointing upon them. And He would give them power over sickness and demons. This was the same powerful ministry that Jesus himself was performing. Thus, Jesus chose men who would receive His mantle of anointing, ministry, and leadership. They would eventually become teachers, as Jesus was the Master Teacher. Q 6 State in your own words the two reasons Jesus chose disciples to be with Him. a) __________. b) __________. 2 He is also called Nathanael. 1 See the map in Appendix A. 3 He is also called Thaddeus.

Chapter Nine Sermon on the Mount 61 II. The Sermon on the Mount Mt 5 7; Lk 6:20 49 Multitudes were again pressing upon Jesus for healing and deliverance. This time, Jesus climbed a mountain to teach the people gathered below Him. His disciples gathered near Him as He sat down to teach. His sermon that day has a central place in the Gospels. Three of Matthew s twenty-eight chapters are given to this one teaching session. One writer said that this was the great ordination sermon for the twelve new Apostles. The Scriptures, however, state only that He began to teach them (Mt 5:2). A. The Beatitudes Jesus first presented a beautiful set of principles about blessings. These are called the Beatitudes (Mt 5:3 11). Most Bible scholars see these verses as the foundational teachings concerning the kingdom of God. These verses are as important to the gospel as the Ten Commandments are to the Law. But these verses are much different from the commands of the Old Covenant. The Beatitudes contain no statements of You shall and You shall not. Q 7 What are the Beatitudes? The Beatitudes are the keys to God s blessing in life. The qualities listed here are the opposite of those that the world values. The Beatitudes teach us that A man s life does not consist in the abundance of his possessions (Lk 12:15). Jesus later said, What is highly valued among men is detestable in God s sight (Lk 16:15). Thus He gave us a new standard for human living in the Beatitudes. This standard consists of humility, meekness, mercy, purity, love, and peace-making. His followers willingly allow themselves to be persecuted for righteousness sake. Q 8 Name at least six of the standards for hu man living given in the Beatitudes: a) __________. b) __________. c) __________. d) __________. e) __________.

f) __________. B. The Salt of the Earth; the Light of the World People who reach this blessed state of living relate to the world in a new way. 1 Their spiritual condition and outlook on life are different. They are children of the Kingdom rather than children of this world. Others will hate these blessed people and will reject them. Even so, children of the Kingdom are the happiest people on earth. Membership in the kingdom of God brings with it certain responsibilities. God s children must be responsible people because God himself is a responsible Being. Jesus expressed these responsibilities in terms of salt and light. Jesus said that His followers were the salt of the earth (Mt 5:13). Salt is a preservative. It keeps meat from spoiling. Believers are the preserving force in a world that is decaying spiritually. Believers are also called the light of the world (5:14). They are light to a world in great darkness, just as Christ is the light of the world (Jn 8:12). Therefore, Jesus said that His followers must let their light shine brightly. Their way of living should make others desire to glorify the Heavenly Father. Q 9 What do salt and light represent in the Ser mon on the Mount? a) salt: __________. b) light: __________. C. The Old Law and the New Gospel Jesus knew that He was talking to people whose standard for living was the Old Testament law. He contrasted His gospel to the teachings of Moses. Yet He did not condemn the Old Testament teachings: I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them (Mt 5:17). The Master Teacher used a contrast method to compare the old and the new. He said: You have heard that it was said. . . . But I tell you. . . (5:21 22, 27 28, 33 34, 38 39). This is a most important series of comparisons. Jesus had earlier said that He was the Lord of the Sabbath (Lk 6:5) Now He was plainly saying that His words were superior to the Old Testament Law. 1 The way is stated in the Beatitudes.

62 The Life of Christ Q 10 How did Jesus feel about the Old Testament? In this same context, Jesus talked about the need for true righteousness. He told the people that their righteousness must be greater than that of the scribes and Pharisees. Only then would His followers qualify as citizens of the kingdom of God. The scribes and Pharisees emphasised outward actions and good deeds. Jesus stressed the importance of the heart and thoughts. Christ did not just condemn killing someone. He also condemned the very anger itself that causes the killing. It is not just the act of adultery that is evil. The act of looking at a woman with lustful thoughts is evil as well. Jesus called this mental sin adultery. It is not enough to love your neighbour and hate your enemy. Jesus said that we must also love our enemies and do good to those who hate us. He told us that His Father is the best example of this. For God is generous in the way He treats both good and evil people. The Lord then challenged His followers: Be perfect, therefore, as your heavenly Father is perfect (Mt 5:48). Q 11 Did Jesus emphasise outward behaviour or inward thoughts and attitudes? Explain. Q 12 What does God expect of believers? D. Various Teachings and Promises Jesus condemned outward acts of righteous behaviour done only for public show. For example, He said that true prayer should be a private experience with God. Jesus then gave His disciples a model prayer to be prayed in secret. He promised that private prayer would be effective if the believer asks, seeks, and knocks. Christ also taught the importance of forgiving an enemy. He taught that God would not forgive us if we were unwilling to forgive our fellow man. Our first and highest concern in life must be the kingdom of God. Then the Father will give us the things we need. Q 13 God has promised to give us everything we need. What condition do we need to fulfil in

order for this to happen? In everything, do to others what you would have them do to you, for this sums up the Law and the Prophets (Mt 7:12). This powerful statement is often called the Golden Rule. Jesus taught that we should use our own welfare as the standard by which we treat others. True spirituality is seen in our human relations as well as in our relationship with God. Q 14 State the Golden Rule in your own words. Jesus ended this important teaching on the Kingdom with another promise. His words are like a strong foundation for a house. A person can build his entire life on this foundation with great confidence. Any spiritual house or life can endure the storms of life with Jesus as its foundation. III. More Miracles Mt 8:5 13; Lk 7:1 17 A. A Centurion s Servant Healed Jesus returned to Capernaum after preaching the Sermon on the Mount. A Roman centurion was waiting for Him there. This Gentile asked Jesus to heal his servant, who was paralysed and near death. Another centurion in Capernaum had earlier asked Christ to heal his son. That miracle may have inspired faith in this officer whose servant was now dying. This Roman army leader was already a great admirer of the Jewish faith. He had even built a synagogue for the Jews in Capernaum. This generous act had won the support and favour of the city s elders. They pleaded with Jesus to help this centurion. The Jewish elders said that this Roman officer was worthy of divine help. In contrast, the centurion himself told Jesus that he was unworthy. He did not even want Jesus to defile himself by entering the home of a Gentile. This man then talked to Jesus about the authority he had as an army officer. His command had to be obeyed by the servants and soldiers under him. This officer then recognised that Jesus had similar authority over disease, demons, and angels. Q 15 What did the centurion do to win the support of the elders in Capernaum?

Chapter Nine Sermon on the Mount 63 Q 16 Summarise how the centurion saw a) himself: __________. b) Jesus: __________. This man s statement of faith in Christ s authority amazed our Lord. Christ declared that He had not found faith like this anywhere in Israel. He added that many such believing Gentiles would enter the kingdom of God. They would share in that Kingdom with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. In contrast, many Jews subjects of the kingdom would be thrown out into darkness (Mt 8:12). Jesus then commanded healing for the man s servant. The messengers returned to the centurion s house and found the servant already healed. Q 17 Why was Jesus amazed by the centurion s faith? Q 18 How did Jesus respond to the centurion s faith? B. A Widow s Son Raised to Life Jesus travelled on to the city of Nain, about eighteen miles from Capernaum. His disciples and a large crowd followed Him. A funeral procession was coming out of the city as Jesus approached. The only son of a widow was being buried that day. The widow s grief and tears touched His heart. Jesus felt great compassion for this helpless woman. The Lord of life walked to the coffin and touched it. Those who were carrying the coffin stood still. Jesus then spoke words of authority that restored life to this dead young man. Immediately, the man sat up in the coffin and began to speak. Jesus then returned him to his mother. This miracle created great excitement and awe among the people of Nain and those travelling with Christ. They said, A great prophet has appeared among us. . . . God has come to help his people (Lk 7:16). News about Jesus continued to spread throughout Judea and the nearby area. Q 19 Summarise the reaction of the people of Nain to the dead being raised.

64 The Life of Christ Homework to Discuss Q 20 Review section I.B. Study it in detail until you can complete the following char t from memory: group disciples names one __________, __________, __________, __________. two __________, __________, __________, __________. three __________, __________, __________, __________. Q 21 Some of the disciples were related to each other. Name those who were related, a nd state how they were related. Q 22 Review section II. Then identify the major topics covered in the Sermon on the M ount: a) b) c) d) the __________. __________ and __________. __________ and the __________. various __________ and __________.

Q 23 Review section II.C. Then complete the following chart. (See Mt 5:21 22, 27 28, 33 34, 38 39.) the Old Testament standard Jesus do not __________ __________ do not __________ __________ love __________ and __________ hate __________ Class Discussion Q 24 Are the words of Christ more inspired or more scriptural than those in the Old Tes tament? Are His words more important for understanding God and His kingdom? Explain. (See 2Ti 3: 16 17.) Q 25 Jesus said that our righteousness must be greater than that of the Pharisees. Th ese men lived very strict, religion-centred lives. Jesus also said that we must be perfect. How are t hese things possible for the Christian today? Q 26 The centurion felt he was unworthy to ask Jesus to enter his home. Was this a go od, healthy attitude? new standard

Is feeling unworthy necessary in order to receive God s help? Explain.

Chapter Ten John Questions Jesus; Unbelief Is Condemned Objectives Understand how Jesus dealt with John s honest doubts and questions. Explain what Jesus meant by blasphemy against the Holy Spirit. Contrast the spiritual conditions of Simon the Pharisee and the sinful woman who anointed Jesus. Chapter Outline I. John sends disciples to question Jesus (Mt 11:2 6; Lk 7:18 23) A. John in prison B. Jesus responds to John s question II. Jesus condemns unbelief (Mt 11:16 19; 12:22 32, 38 42; Mk 3:20 30; Lk 7:31 35; 11:15 23, 29 32) A. He condemns that generation B. He warns against unbelief in the Holy Spirit C. A sign for unbelieving people III. Jesus responds to two women (Mt 12:46 50; Lk 7:27 28, 36 50) A. A sinful woman anoints Him B. A woman blesses His mother Key Words blasphemy ....... Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit can never be forgiven. condemn .......... A preacher has the God-given responsibility to condemn sin. doubts.............. John the Baptist allowed doubts about Jesus to trouble him generation........ That generation of Jews found it hard to have faith. questions.......... We have difficulty believing God when our minds are filled w ith questions. unbelief............ Jesus was amazed by the people s unbelief. I. John Sends Disciples to Question Jesus Mt 11:2 6; Lk 7:18 23 A. John in Prison John had been arrested and held in prison by Herod.1 During this time, John had private meetings with Herod. He also was able to meet with his disciples. After one of these meetings, John sent his disciples with a question to Jesus. 1 See Chapter Six for details. 65

66 The Life of Christ Imprisonment must have been very hard for John. He knew that he would decrease as Jesus increased (Jn 3:30). Now he was alone in a cell. There, he allowed doubts and questions to enter his mind. John had publicly preached that Jesus was the Lamb of God. Now he was no longer certain about this. He may have also believed that the Messiah would break Roman bondage in Israel. But Jesus was doing nothing about Roman oppression. In addition, Jesus was doing nothing about John s imprisonment. And so John sent two of his followers to Jesus asking: Are you the one who was to come? (Lk 7:19). Q 1 State in your own words John s basic question. B. Jesus Responds to John s Question Jesus wanted to strengthen John s faith in Him. He told these disciples to carry a report back to John. The report was not, however, convincing words from Jesus. The report was simply the miracles that these disciples saw while with Christ. Jesus named these miracles in the outline given in Isaiah 61. In Nazareth, Jesus had earlier said that Isaiah 61:1 was being fulfilled through His life and ministry. Now He was reviewing this fulfilled prophecy for John. Jesus told John s disciples: The blind receive sight, the lame walk, those who have leprosy are cured, the deaf hear, the dead are raised, and the good news is preached to the poor. (Lk 7:22) Then He gently exhorted John to believe by adding, Blessed is the man who does not fall away on account of me (7:23). The miraculous power of God was clearly at work in Christ s life. Prophecy was being fulfilled in Him. Jesus wanted John to continue in faith and to be happy that the Messiah had come. Q 2 What evidence did Jesus offer to John that He was the one who was to come 7:19)? Q 3 What did Jesus mean by this statement: Blessed is the man who does not fall away (Lk

on account of me

(Lk 7:23)?

John s disciples then left Jesus to carry their report back to John. After they left, Jesus talked to the crowd about John.1 Jesus told of His high opinion of John. He greatly appreciated His forerunner s life and ministry. Jesus confirmed that John had fulfilled Malachi s prophecy (Mal 3:1). John was indeed the messenger who had been sent before God s face. John was the Elijah who was to come to Israel (Mal 4:5 6). This was exactly what the angel told Zechariah before John was born (Lk 1:17). Jesus said that John s life and ministry were great. However, citizenship in the kingdom of God was even greater. Q 4 Summarise Christ s basic opinion about John. II. Jesus Condemns Unbelief Mt 11:16 19; 12:22 32, 38 42; Mk 3:20 30; Lk 7:31 35; 11:14 23, 29 32 A. He Condemns that Generation After praising John, Jesus focused on the unbelief around Him. That faithless generation of Jews stood in sharp contrast to the faithful forerunner of the Messiah. Jesus compared His own ministry to that of John s ministry. Both of these preachers had been rejected by unbelieving Israel. He described a scene of children at play. Jesus did this to illustrate the problem of hypocrisy and rejection of God s message. Jesus compared that generation of Jews to children playing in the market. Some of them called out to their playmates, accusing them of not playing fairly: We played the flute for you, and you did not dance; we sang a dirge, and you did not mourn (Mt 11:17). The children calling to their friends were like John and Jesus. John was the one who had invited people to mourn. His life and message were hard, calling people to mourn over their sins. In contrast, Jesus lived a normal, socially-outgoing life. He attended parties and banquets. He ate and drank with people inviting them to dance. But He and John were both rejected by the religious Jews. It simply was not possible to please that unbelieving generation. 1 Jesus waited until John s disciples left for a reason. He did not want John s faith to rest upon words of praise from Him.

Chapter Ten John Questions Jesus 67 Q 5 John and Jesus lived very differently as they related to people. Describe some of these differences. Q 6 How did the Jews react to the differences named in Q 5? B. He Warns Against Unbelief in the Holy Spirit Jesus had just set free a man who was possessed by a demon. The crowd following the Lord was again amazed by His power. Some asked, Could this be the Son of David? (Mt 12:23). But the scribes and Pharisees from Jerusalem accused Jesus of working miracles by the power of Satan. They rejected the idea that He drove out demons by the power of God. Instead, they said that the Lord worked for Satan: He is possessed by Beelzebub! By the prince of demons he is driving out demons (Mk 3:22). Q 7 How did Jesus accomplish His signs and wonders, according to a) the crowd following him? __________. b) the Pharisees? __________. This argument against Christ showed very strange thinking by the Pharisees. Jesus asked them why Satan would drive out Satan. The devil would be fighting against himself if he did this. His kingdom of darkness would be destroyed by such fighting. Then Jesus asked these leaders a question they were not able to answer. He asked, If I drive out demons by Beelzebub [Satan], by whom do your people drive them out? (Mt 12:27). Sometimes, certain Jews were able to drive out demons in the name of Almighty God. These men were called exorcists. Jesus said that these exorcists would judge the Pharisees for their accusation against Him. Jesus continued to confront these carnal Pharisees. He said, If I drive out demons by the Spirit of God, then the kingdom of God has come upon you (Mt 12:28). The Pharisees were not ready to recognise the kingdom of God. So they believed that Jesus was working miracles by the power of the devil. This was the context for the

strongest warning in the Scriptures. Jesus stated that their accusation against Him was actually blasphemy against the Holy Spirit. Jesus warned that this one sin could never be forgiven! All other sins and blasphemy could be forgiven, but not blasphemy against the Holy Spirit. Q 8 What is the unpardonable sin?

Q 9 State in your own words the meaning of the word blasphemy. (See the Glossary for help.) Q 10 Who will judge the Jews for their false accusation of Jesus? Jesus continued His attack. He said that the Pharisees were a brood of vipers (Mt 12:34). They were only proving that they themselves were evil by saying such evil things. Christ then stated that all spoken words were on record in heaven. One day, each person will give an account to God for the words he or she speaks. And these words will be the basis of judgement at the last day. Christ again criticised this wicked generation (Mt 12:45). He warned that, in the future, evil would increase. He then illustrated this truth by stating that a man s life is like a house. A demon may be driven out of such a house. However, it will eventually go back to see its old dwelling place. If the house is empty, the demon will move back into the house. And it will bring with it seven other demons worse than itself. Putting the house a person s life in order and cleaning it is not enough. The person s heart must be filled with the Spirit of God; God must live there. Otherwise, the end result will be worse than the beginning. Jesus used these strong words to confront people s unbelief. Q 11 Name the two titles or phrases Jesus used to describe the unbelieving Jews: a) __________. b) __________. C. A Sign for Unbelieving People The scribes and Pharisees again met with Jesus. They asked Him to show them a sign that would

prove He really was the Messiah. This request was very foolish. Jesus had been performing many signs and wonders in His public ministry. They could easily have seen enough to believe if they had chosen to do so. But they did not want to believe in Him.

68 The Life of Christ Jesus knew that these men were not sincere. He used this confrontation to foretell His future resurrection. His resurrection from the dead would be the greatest sign in His ministry. Thus the only sign He would give them was the sign of the prophet Jonah: For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of a huge fish, so the Son of Man will be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth. (Mt 12:40) The people of Nineveh repented when Jonah preached. Those same repentant Ninevites would judge the scribes and Pharisees for unbelief. Also, the Queen of the South (Sheba) had travelled far to hear Solomon s wisdom. Jesus was greater than Solomon, but these Jews would not listen to Him. That queen also would judge that generation of religious leaders for their unbelief. Q 12 What sign did Jesus give the scribes and Pharisees? Q 13 Name two people (or groups of people) who will judge the Jews for their unbelief: a) __________. b) __________. III. Jesus Responds to Two Women Mt 12:46 50; Lk 7:27 28, 36 50 A. A Sinful Woman Anoints Him The Pharisees and Jesus were not close friends. Yet one of the Pharisees invited Jesus to his home for a meal. Jesus gladly accepted this man s invitation. He always responded to people who reached out to Him. And this meal gave Jesus the opportunity to respond to a different kind of person. A certain sinful woman of that city heard that Jesus was eating in the Pharisee s house. Her spiritual needs were so great she risked entering where she was not welcomed. The Pharisee, named Simon, would never have invited such a sinner into his house. She forced her way in to seek forgiveness for her sins from the Master. The woman cried bitterly at Jesus feet during the meal. She used her hair to wipe away her tears from His feet. She even kissed His feet. This

woman then anointed His feet with costly perfume she had bought for this purpose. Q 14 What was the spiritual condition of the woman when she entered the Pharisee s house? Simon the Pharisee resented this woman being in his home. In his heart, Simon was very critical of her. He also had some very critical thoughts of Jesus. This Pharisee could not understand how Jesus could let such a woman touch His feet. Jesus knew Simon s thoughts and asked permission to tell him a story. The point of the story was great love in response to forgiveness. A certain wealthy man had two people who owed him money. One debtor owed ten times as much as the other. The generous man who loaned the money freely cancelled both debts. Jesus then asked Simon which of the two debtors would love the man the most. The Pharisee quickly answered that the one who owed the most would love the most. Jesus assured Simon that he had answered correctly, and then gave the parable s application. His host had not given Jesus much attention not even water to wash His feet. But the woman had given tears, perfume, and kisses. Then Jesus turned to the sinful woman and told her, Your sins are forgiven (Lk 7:48). Q 15 What was the spiritual condition of the woman when she left the Pharisee s house? The wisdom of Christ s story did not impress this Pharisee and his other guests. Instead, they all began to criticise Jesus for telling the woman that her sins were forgiven. They rejected His claim to deity. These Pharisees would not even accept Him as a prophet who was worthy of honour. Jesus quietly told the woman that her faith had saved her. She left that house in peace, with her sins forgiven. Q 16 What was the spiritual condition of the Pharisees listening to Jesus? Q 17 How did the woman prove that she loved much? Q 18 How did the Pharisees prove that they loved little?

Chapter Ten John Questions Jesus 69 B. A Woman Blesses His Mother One day, a woman in the crowd following Jesus shouted out a blessing for Him and for His mother Mary. This woman said, Blessed is the mother who gave you birth and nursed you (Lk 11:27). Jesus did not reject this blessing, nor did He show disrespect for His mother. But He answered with an even greater blessing of His own: Blessed rather are those who hear the word of God and obey it (11:28). This second blessing is available to everyone. Matthew recorded Christ. Mary and Him while He was not get near Him a similar story in the life of Jesus brothers had come to see teaching. However, they could because of the great crowd around

Him. So someone told Jesus that His mother and brothers were outside waiting to talk with Him. He again placed His own family relationships below those relationships based on faith and obedience: Who is my mother, and who are my brothers? Pointing to his disciples, he said, Here are my mother and my brothers. For whoever does the will of my Father in heaven is my brother and sister and mother. (Mt 12:48 50) His real brothers and sisters and mother were those who were entering the kingdom of God. Q 19 Jesus said that the real members of His family are those who are __________.

70 The Life of Christ Homework Q 20 Complete the following statements regarding Christ s power. a) If Jesus drove out demons by the power of Satan, then __________. b) If Jesus drove out demons by the Spirit of God, then __________. Q 21 Recall a time when you felt weak in your faith and had questions about following Christ. Perhaps you have wondered who He really is. Describe your feelings at that time. How did God respond to you then? Q 22 Review Q 14 to Q 18. Then compare Simon the Pharisee and the woman who ente red his house to see Jesus. Complete the following chart: before talking after talking evidence person with Jesus with Jesus of change Simon the Pharisee __________ __________ __________ the sinner woman __________ __________ __________ Class Discussion Q 23 John must have felt a lack of faith in prison. Did Jesus rebuke John for asking his question? Should a pastor rebuke Christians for asking hard, honest questions? Explain. Q 24 Why is the unpardonable sin really unpardonable? (See Jn 14:17; 16:8.) sign t

Q 25 toQ 27: The Pharisees and other Jewish leaders keep asking Jesus for a o prove who He was. Answer the following three questions in reference to their request: Q 25 Why did they want a sign? __________. Q 26 Why did Jesus refuse to give them one? __________. Q 27 What value do signs and wonders have today in ministry? __________.

Unit II Summary Early Galilean Ministry Chapter Six We know almost nothing about the childhood of John the Baptist. He appeared as a man of God preaching in the Jordan wilderness, calling people to repent. John was God s messenger and t he one who announced the coming of the Messiah. He was called a witness, a voice, and a light. Jesus said that John was a prophet and more than a prophet. No one ever born was greater in God s eyes than was John. His life teaches us that God often uses silence and isolation to prepare His greatest workers. John announced the coming of Christ. He also called for repentance and spiritual preparation. Repentance would be the only way to escape God s coming judgement. This message offended the proud Jewish leaders, but it was welcomed by the common people. Many came to John to be baptised in th e Jordan River, confessing their sins. Jesus also came to John to be baptised. There, John testified that Christ was th e Lamb of God and was greater than he was. John did not want to baptise Him, but the Lord insisted. In every way, Jesus was the perfect example for us to follow. Two miracles happened when Jesus was baptised. God the Father spoke out His appr oval of His Son. And the Holy Spirit came down upon Jesus in the form of a dove. This was the first t ime we see all three Persons of the Trinity at one event. From that day forward, Jesus was led and anointed by t he Holy Spirit. He entered public ministry filled with the Spirit s power. The Holy Spirit first led Jesus into the wilderness to fast, pray, and face Sata n s temptations. Jesus was weak in body but strong in spirit when He finally faced the devil. The three tem ptations Jesus faced were examples of the kinds of temptation all believers face. These were: the lust of the flesh: changing stones to bread the lust of the eyes: all the kingdoms of the world the pride of life: tempting God to take care of Him because He was special Jesus resisted all three temptations by using God s Word. A defeated Satan then le ft Him, and angels ministered to Him. John continued his preaching ministry at the Jordan. He condemned all sin, even Herod s adultery with his brother s wife. Herod was the king of Galilee and Perea. John was thrown into pris on for offending Herod and Herodias. This ended John s public ministry. Chapter Seven

Jesus ministered most often near the Sea of Galilee. Most of the three million p eople who lived there were common working people. The provinces major cities were Capernaum, Bethsaida, and Chorazin. Nazareth was one of the smaller towns. But Jesus felt He must share His ministry there as wel l. The Lord knew that a prophet has no ent to the synagogue in Nazareth and read from Isaiah 61. e stated that this prophecy was being fulfilled that day in Him. pirit, but His authority was spiritual, not political. The people buked their unbelief, which only 71 honor in his own country (Jn 4:4). Still, He w

Jesus shocked the Jews in that synagogue. H Jesus was ministering in the power of the S of Nazareth rejected this reality. Jesus re

72 The Life of Christ added to their anger. They wanted to kill Him for claiming to be the Messiah. Th ese people were not willing to turn to Him in belief. The Lord left those who rejected Him in Nazareth and went to Capernaum. This ful filled Isaiah s prophecy about a great light in Galilee of the Gentiles (9:1 2). Near Capernaum, Simon and An drew had a great catch of fish at Christ s command. That miracle showed Peter the great power Jesus had. The Lord told His new disciples they would become fishers of men if they followed Him. Jesus faced a demoniac one day in a synagogue. The Lord was teaching with great power and authority. But He did not want praise from demons. He commanded the demon to be quiet and l eave the man. This news about Jesus spread quickly. Many sick people in Capernaum were healed as they came to Jesus. This included S imon s mother-in-law. And demon-possessed people were delivered. Jesus showed His power over the spiri t world as He began destroying Satan s kingdom. Chapter Eight News about Jesus spread all over Palestine and even into Syria. Many people came to Him to receive healing and deliverance. Jesus healed a leper, but told the man to not talk abou t the miracle. However, this man spread widely the glad news of his healing. Even more people then came to Jesus for help. Four men tried to bring their paralysed friend to Christ. But the house in which Jesus ministering was filled with people listing to Him. These men could not get their friend into the house. So they lowered him down to Jesus through the roof. Jesus told the helpless man that his sins were forgiven. This statement angered and confused the Pharisees and scribes. Jesus then healed the man. The paralysed man walked out of the house healed and forgiven. Jesus thus showed that He had authority both to heal and to forgive sins. The Lord often spent time with tax collectors and sinners. He even called Matthew the tax collector to be His disciple. Matthew prepared a celebration banquet after choosing to follow Je sus. Many sinners and social outcasts attended this banquet. There, Jesus rebuked the critical Pharisees for their prejudice and pride. He wanted to fellowship with those who needed God s mercy most. Christ brought new teachings that contrasted with the old Jewish traditions. He taught about new wine and new cloth not fitting into old wineskins and on old clothes. His teaching about the Sabbath was an example of the new not fitting into the old. Jesus taught that God meant for this day of re

st to be a blessing. However, the Jews had turned it into a spiritual burden. Jesus told them that the Sabbath day was made for man, not man for the Sabbath. Later, Jesus proved this teaching about the Sabbath by healing a man in a synago gue on that day. It was right for Him to do good on the Sabbath. But the religious leaders became very a ngry because of this miracle. In fact, they decided that they should kill Him. They planned a murder because o f a divine miracle. Chapter Nine Jesus withdrew to the eat multitude came to for His teachings and wing them to tell who Sea of Galilee after His conflict with the Pharisees. A gr Him healing miracles. He also drove out evil spirits, not allo He was.

After much prayer, Christ chose twelve of His followers to be His special discip les. Their names are usually listed in three groups, with four disciples named in each group. The lists alway s begin with Simon Peter and end with Judas. Jesus chose these twelve men to be with Him for a time. He then sent them out to preach the gospel. And the Lord gave them power over sickness and demons. His disciples beg an having the same kind of ministry that Jesus himself was having.

Unit Two Summary 73 The Sermon on the Mount is one of the most powerful and beautiful parts of the G ospels. It contains the Beatitudes: the basic teaching on the kingdom of God. Jesus said that His follow ers were the salt of the earth and the light of the world. Finally, the Lord compared His new teachings with th ose of the Old Testament. He said that His words were superior to those of the Old Testament Scriptures. Jesu s gave instructions for being righteous inwardly in heart, not just outwardly in behaviour. Christ taught how to treat an enemy. He also taught about commitment and trust. His disciples would have to put God and His kingdom first in their lives. Then God the Father would take care of all other needs in their lives. Jesus returned to Capernaum, and there performed a miracle for a Roman centurion . This good Roman man had a very sick servant. He also had great faith in Jesus, and respected the Lor d s spiritual authority. Christ was amazed by this Gentile s faith, and He healed the sick servant immediately. The city of Nain near Capernaum was the site of another great miracle. A widow s g rief for her dead son touched Christ s heart. He stopped the funeral procession to raise to life this de ad man. News about the miracle-working Jesus spread everywhere. Chapter Ten John was locked in Herod s prison for some time. Discouraging questions must have filled his mind. John sent two disciples to ask Jesus if He really was the Messiah. Jesus told these m en to tell John about the miracles of healing and deliverance they were seeing. Later, He praised John as the one w ho had fulfilled Old Testament prophecies. Christ then began to condemn the unbelief of the Jewish nation. Both John and Je sus had been rejected by that generation. Later, the Pharisees accused Jesus of casting out demons by the power of Satan. In reply, Jesus warned them this was blasphemy against the Holy Spirit. And it would never be fo rgiven. He then said the Pharisees were like evil snakes. The scribes and Pharisees demanded a miracle or sign from Jesus. They said that a sign from heaven would prove He was the Messiah. But Jesus knew their evil hearts. He told them the onl y sign they would get was that of Jonah. Jesus would be dead in the earth for three days and nights. This was l ike Jonah, who was in the large fish for three days and nights. The people of Nineveh and the Queen of Sheba wou ld judge that generation of unbelieving Jews. A sinful woman came to Jesus while He was eating in a Pharisee s home. She came se

eking forgiveness for her many sins. She wept as she anointed His feet with perfume and her tears. The Pharisees there were greatly offended by this. Jesus then told them a parable of a man who had two debtors. T he one who owed the most would love the money-lender most if the debt was forgiven. These Pharisees were shocked and angered when Jesus forgave this woman s sins.

74 The Life of Christ

Unit 3 The Second, Third, and Fourth Periods of Galilean Ministry Chapter Eleven Ministry on and near the Sea Objectives: Explain three parables that are based on farming. Compare the rejection of Jesus by the Gadarene people with His rejection by unbe lievers today. Understand the relationship between human faith and divine healing. Identify general principles of evangelism from the example of the disciples in m inistry. Chapter Twelve The Bread of Life Gives Bread and Healing Objectives: Explain why Jesus fed hungry people on two occasions. Explain why Jesus rejected the religious behaviour of the Jewish leaders. Describe two times when Peter acted in faith and two times when he reacted with no faith. Identify two times when Jesus did not heal people instantly. Chapter Thirteen Transfiguration, Demon Deliverance, and Continued Teaching Objectives: Describe Christ s glory and the miracles that happened during His tran sfiguration. Memorise the great principle of faith given by Christ. Summarise four principles of greatness in the kingdom of God. Chapter Fourteen Discipleship, the Disciples, and the Lepers Objectives: Summarise Christ s teachings on the cost of discipleship. State the reason for joy in the life of a disciple. Explain the meaning of the word neighbour as Jesus used the word. 75

76 The Life of Christ

Chapter Eleven Ministry on and near the Sea Objectives Explain three parables that are based on farming. Compare the rejection of Jesus by the Gadarene people with His rejection by unbe lievers today. Understand the relationship between human faith and divine healing. Identify general principles of evangelism from the example of the disciples in m inistry. Chapter Outline I. Parables by the sea (Mt 13:1 52; Mk 4:1 34; Lk 8:4 15) A. Parables from farming B. Other parables II. Miracles with the storm and the demoniac (Mt 8:23 34; Mk 4:35 41; 5:1 20; Lk 8:22 39 ) A. Jesus stills the storm B. Jesus frees the demoniac III. Miracles of divine healing (Mt 9:18 34; Mk 5:21 43; Lk 8:40 56) A. A sick woman is healed by touching His robe B. Jairus daughter is raised from the dead C. The blind and dumb are healed IV. Ministry by Jesus and His disciples (Mt 10:1 42; 11:1; 13:54 58; 14:3 12; Mk 6:1 29; Lk 9:1 10, 49 53) A. Nazareth rejects Jesus again B. Jesus sends out the Twelve C. Herod kills John Key Words disciples........... Christ s disciples had His anointing in their own ministries. faith ................. Jesus wanted the faith of His followers to grow. farming ............ The Lord used truths from farming in some of His teaching. healing............. The sick experienced healing from the Master s touch. parables ........... The parables of Jesus contain powerful truths in story form . 77

78 The Life of Christ I. Parables by the Sea Mt 13:1 52; Mk 4:1 34; Lk 8:4 15 Our Lord s teaching ministry began to change. The Sermon on the Mount presented eternal truths in a plain, direct way. However, the Pharisees and others rejected His direct teachings. Jesus then began to teach in the form of beautiful parables. The disciples were confused by some of these parables. They asked Jesus why He had chosen this teaching method. Jesus answered, The knowledge of the secrets of the kingdom of heaven has been given to you, but not to them (Mt 13:11). Isaiah had prophesied that many would listen but would not really hear the truth (6:9 10). That prophesy was now being fulfilled. Christ had spoken the truth, but the people did not understand it. Yet the problem was not in their ears nor in their eyes. The reason they could not hear and could not see was the spiritual condition of their hearts (Mt 13:15). Yet His truth could be understood by anyone who really wanted to hear it. Many Old Testament prophets and righteous men had desired to see and hear these truths. A. Parables from Farming The first of these parables of the Kingdom was about a farmer sowing seed. This parable really described different types of soils. The seed sown in these soils was the same. Some of the soils named by Jesus were bad. These included the soil beside the path, the stony ground, and the soil producing thorns. Jesus also talked about good soil that produced fruit from the seeds it received. Some of the soil produced more fruit than others. It is the same wherever the gospel seed is planted. Q 1 Jesus compared the heart to ___________ in His parable about the seed. Our Lord described the enemy of the gospel in His second parable. A man planted good seed in his field. Later, an enemy came at night and planted weeds. So the wheat and the weeds grew together. The man s servants asked the owner of the field what they should do. The owner told them to let both wheat and weeds grow together until harvest time. Then the servants could easily separate the bad weeds from the good wheat. This second parable teaches about the future of the Church. The children of the devil will imitate the children of God s kingdom. They will live together. Only God the Great Judge knows which

are wheat and which are weeds. At the end of the age, God will command His angels to separate them. This parable foretells that all hypocrites and unbelievers will one day be thrown into a burning furnace. Q 2 In Christ s second parable about farming, who are described as a) the weeds? __________. b) the wheat? __________. Jesus told another parable based on farming. In it, He described the fast growth of the kingdom of God from a small beginning. The mustard seed is very small, but it becomes a great tree when fully grown. Birds build their nests in large mustard trees. In the same way, the Church would become great from a small beginning. Jesus supported His mustard-tree parable with teachings about yeast in bread. Yeast expands quickly to affect all of the dough. Jesus used yeast as another example of the growth of the Kingdom. He said that the kingdom of God was like yeast. It would spread and grow quickly in the world. Q 3 What would grow quickly to become very large from only a small beginning? B. Other Parables The kingdom of God is of great value to those who have entered it. Jesus taught this in two parables: the treasure hidden in a field the pearl of great price The treasure in both parables is Christ himself. The cost to buy the field and the pearl is great. We must be willing to sell everything to have Christ and the treasure of God s kingdom. Q 4 What do the pearl and the hidden treasure represent? The parable of the fishing net tells of the future judgement awaiting all. This judgement will happen at the end of the world. A fishing net catches both good and bad fish. The fishermen then separate the good from the bad as the net is pulled onto shore. In the same way, angels will separate

good men from the wicked ones. Wicked men will be thrown into a burning furnace. In that place, there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth 13:50). II. Miracles with the Storm and the Demoniac Mt 8:23 34; Mk 4:35 41; 5:1 20; Lk 8:22 39 A. Jesus Stills the Storm The first miracle Jesus performed was changing water into wine (Jn 2:1 11). This miracle showed His control over nature. Later, Jesus performed another miracle over nature. One day, He and the Twelve were in a small ship on the Sea of Galilee. Jesus was very tired and fell asleep in the back of the ship. Suddenly, a great storm arose and threatened all in the ship. Even the skilled fishermen among the disciples were frightened. In their fear, they naturally looked to Jesus for help. They knew that He was their only hope. The disciples woke Jesus from His deep sleep. He spoke directly to the wind and the waves crashing into the ship. Jesus rebuked this storm: Quiet! Be still! (Mk 4:39). Immediately, the lake was calm and peaceful. Christ then turned to His followers and rebuked their unbelief: Why are you so afraid? Do you still have no faith? (Mk 4:40). This story shows the great power of our Lord. The disciples were safe all of the time because Jesus was with them. We also are safe when He is in our lives. He can speak words of peace and calm in the middle of our storms in life. Q 5 Jesus gave two rebukes while in the boat. Who or what did He rebuke? a) __________. b) __________. B. Jesus Frees the Demoniac Jesus stilled the storm while on a mission of mercy and deliverance. Their boat, now safe and dry inside, reached the region of the Gadarenes. This region was located on the east side of the Sea of Galilee. Immediately after landing, they met the person Jesus had come to set free. The man was a demoniac totally possessed by the devil. He wore Chapter Eleven Ministry On and Near the Sea 79 no clothes and he lived among the tombs. The local (Mt

people had often captured him, but he had always broken free from their chains. Men had stopped trying to tame or help him. But this poor man would be the first one to meet Christ in this region. The demoniac ran toward Jesus and fell down before Him. The demons in him cried out to the Lord: What do you want with me, Jesus, Son of the Most High God? (Mk 5:7). Jesus again showed His great power, this time over the spirit world. He commanded the many demons in the man to come out. However, Jesus allowed them to enter a nearby herd of pigs. Two thousand pigs ran down a steep hill into the Sea of Galilee and drowned. This was a great deliverance for the possessed man. But it was a great financial loss for the owners of the pigs. No doubt they were very angry because of this. Yet the people of the region also feared such great spiritual power. They preferred their pigs to Christ s miracles of deliverance! These people asked Him to leave their region; they wanted to be left in darkness. Q 6 The Gadarene people felt two emotions when they met with Jesus. Name these two emotions and state the reason they felt that way. emotion reason a) __________, __________. b) __________, __________. Q 7 What did the Gadarene people want? The freed demoniac was very thankful to the Lord. He wanted to follow Jesus as a disciple. Instead, Jesus told the man to go back to his family. The Lord wanted this man to testify to everyone about what God had done for him. All of the people of the area were amazed by his testimony. Q 8 Why did Jesus not allow the delivered man to come with Him? III. Miracles of Divine Healing Mt 9:18 34; Mk 5:21 43; Lk 8:40 56 A. A Sick Woman Is Healed by Touching His Robe Jesus left the region of the Gadarenes at the local people s request. He and the disciples

80 The Life of Christ returned to the other side of the lake. Many people came to Him while He was still on the shore. One of them was Jairus, a ruler of the local synagogue. He came and fell at Jesus feet. Jairus begged Jesus to come to his home and heal his sick daughter. Jesus agreed to do this, and started walking to this man s house. A large crowd of people followed Jesus to Jairus house. People were pressing to get close to the Master. Suddenly, Jesus stopped and asked, Who touched my clothes? (Mk 5:30). A woman came trembling and fell at His feet. She confessed that she was the one who had touched Him in faith. This woman s secret was now revealed. She had suffered from bleeding for twelve years. All of her money was gone, spent on medical doctors who could not help her. Yet her condition continued to grow worse. She was desperate for help. This woman had come to Christ for healing, pushing through the crowd to touch His robe. Our loving Lord felt power go out from Him in response to her faith. His power responded to her silent need, and she was healed immediately. Her faith had caused another show of Christ s great power. Q 9 State in your own words the importance of the woman s faith in receiving her healing. B. Jairus Daughter Is Raised from the Dead The crowd stood still as Jesus stopped to talk with the woman who touched Him. At that moment, a messenger came to Jairus with sad news. Jairus daughter was dead. There was no need to bring Jesus to his house now. All hope was gone. Jesus responded to Jairus grief and despair with words of hope: Don t be afraid; just believe (Mk 5:36). Jesus wanted Jairus to believe for the impossible in the middle of his darkest hour. Q 10 State in your own words what Jesus wanted from Jairus. Jesus divided His disciples into two groups. This was the first time He invited a smaller group to be with Him in ministry. Only Peter, James, and John were allowed to go with Him into Jairus house. Jesus then forced the professional mourners to leave the house. He ignored their

laughter when He told them that the girl was only asleep. They all knew that she was dead. Christ entered the room where the girl was lying. Only the girl s parents and His three disciples were there with Him. Jesus took the girl by the hand and commanded her to get up. Immediately, the girl stood and began walking. Then He told her parents to feed her. Jesus also told them not to tell what had happened. But it is hard to keep silent when the dead are raised to life! The news about this miracle spread throughout the region. Q 11 Only Peter, James, and John entered Jairus house with Jesus. Describe briefly what they saw that the other disciples did not see. C. The Blind and Dumb Are Healed Two blind men followed Jesus as He left Jairus house. They called Him Son of David and begged Him to have mercy on them. Faith was the key to all of these divine miracles of healing. So Jesus tested their faith: Do you believe that I am able to do this? (Mt 9:28). They each said Yes! Jesus then touched their eyes, and told them the great truth of the kingdom of God. This truth is, According to your faith will it be done to you (9:29). Immediately their eyes were opened. Q 12 How did Jesus test the faith of the blind men? Did they pass the test? Explain. Jesus told these two men not to tell about their healing. He did not want to stir up political opposition yet. Jesus needed more time to prepare His disciples. Yet these healed men could not keep silent. They spread their good news all over that region. The next miracle also was the result of great faith. This time, however, it was the faith of friends of a demoniac who could not speak. Jesus acted in response to their request. He drove out the demon and restored the man s speech. The common people watching this miracle of deliverance were filled with awe and wonder. But the Pharisees again committed the unpardonable sin. They said that Jesus cast out the demon by the power of the devil.

Chapter Eleven Ministry On and Near the Sea 81 Q 13 The Pharisees often asked Jesus to perform a sign or miracle for them. What did they say about Jesus when they saw one of His great miracles? Q 14 Name the people discussed in the section who had great faith before receiving a miracle. (At least five people fit this description.) a) b) c) d) e) __________. __________. __________. __________. __________.

IV. Ministry by Jesus and His Disciples Mt 10:1 42; 11:1; 13:54 58; 14:3 12; Mk 6:1 29; Lk 9:1 10, 49 53 Jesus went on to other cities and villages teaching, preaching, and healing (Mt 9:35 38). He was moved with compassion by the pain of the multitudes around Him. Jesus loved these people who were burdened under the weight of their sin and sickness. Here, Jesus gave His great call for prayer. This prayer was for more help in ministry: Ask the Lord of the harvest, therefore, to send out workers into his harvest field (Mt 9:38). A. Nazareth Rejects Jesus Again Jesus decided to return to His own home town where He had already been rejected. He wanted to give the people of Nazareth another chance to accept Him. They decided to allow Jesus to speak again in their synagogue. They were again amazed at His wisdom and miracles. Soon, however, the people of Nazareth reminded themselves once more who Jesus had been. He had been nothing special only a boy and young man who had lived among them. His mother and brothers and sisters were still in Nazareth. Thus, the people of Nazareth allowed their small faith in Him to fade away. Jesus felt their unbelief, and could not do any mighty miracles there. He was able to heal only a few sick people. Christ again felt their rejection and was amazed by their unbelief. Q 15 Why was Jesus not able to perform many

miracles in Nazareth? B. Jesus Sends Out the Twelve The time had come for Jesus to prepare to leave this world. His disciples did not know the great plans He had for them. They did not know that Jesus would leave with them the task of preaching the gospel. But Jesus knew that these men would carry on His ministry after His death. That is why the Lord spent so much time teaching and training them. Jesus gave clear instructions to His disciples the first time He sent them out to minister. These instructions generally apply to all followers of Christ. He told them to travel together in pairs what clothing and possessions to take with them how to greet people and what message they were to preach Jesus even told His disciples what to do if they were rejected in any home or city. A blessing would rest on those who received them. But a curse would come upon all who rejected them. The Lord did not stop with giving His disciples instructions. These instructions would be important to them, but would not be enough for success in ministry. He also gave them authority over demons power to heal all types of sickness and disease. Thus, Christ s instructions, authority, and power were all needed. Q 16 Why were the disciples commanded to travel in groups of two? Q 17 What did Jesus give to His disciples? a) __________. b) __________. c) __________. The disciples scattered throughout the region, preaching the good news of the Kingdom. They did just what Jesus did. They cast out many devils and healed sick people. Their first ministry trip was a

great success. Q 18 What did the disciples do when they went out in ministry?

82 The Life of Christ C. Herod Kills John Herod had the chance to hear the way of salvation during his private meetings with John. Eventually, the decision day arrived. Herod had a great banquet on his birthday. The daughter of his lover, Herodias, danced for those at the banquet. Herod was so pleased with her that he offered her anything she wanted. The girl quickly asked her mother what to do. Based upon her mother s advice, the girl then asked King Herod for the head of John the Baptist. Herod had promised to grant the girl any request. He believed that his oath was more important than the life of God s righteous prophet. So John was killed by Herod s guards. This evil act ended a life and ministry that was strongly marked by God s anointing. Jesus later said, In the same way the Son of Man is going to suffer at their hands (Mt 17:12). Q 19 Why did Herodias want John to be killed? (See Mk 6:17 20.)

Chapter Eleven Ministry On and Near the Sea 83 Homework Q 20 In what important way were the people of Nazareth different from those discussed in section III (Jairus, the sick woman, and the two blind men)? Q 21 Review Q 6 to Q 8. Why were the Gadarenes afraid of Jesus? Do unbelievers today ever react as the Gadarenes did? Be prepared to a) explain your answer, b) share experiences from your knowledge to support it. Q 22 Review Q 16 to Q 18 and Lk 9:1 12. Listed below are the things the disciples did by Jesus instructions. Tick (..) any of these things that apply to believers today when sharing the gos pel. a) travel together in pairs..................................................... . __ b) heal the sick ............................................................... ...... __ c) stay in the home of the first person who invites you in .... __ d) walk to other cities......................................................... ... __ e) do not take any money, clothing, or food with you...........__ f) castout demons............................................................... __ g) preach the gospel............................................................ . __ h) do not take a walking stick with you................................. __ Class Discussion Q 23 What is the point of the parables of the hidden treasure and the pearl? What do these parables teach us about the cost of discipleship? Q 24 Jesus was amazed by the faith of the centurion (see Chapter Nine). What amazed H im about the people in His home town of Nazareth? Q 25 Jesus knew what people were thinking. Why did He say, Who touched my clothes? r the sick woman was healed? (See Mk 5:30.) afte

84 The Life of Christ

Chapter Twelve The Bread of Life Gives Bread and Healing Objectives Explain why Jesus fed hungry people on two occasions. Explain why Jesus rejected the religious behaviour of the Jewish leaders. Describe two times when Peter acted in faith and two times when he reacted with no faith. Identify two times when Jesus did not heal people instantly. Chapter Outline I. Feeding hungry people (Mt 14:13 21; 15:32 39; Mk 6:30 44; 8:1 9; Lk 9:10 17) A. Feeding five thousand B. Feeding four thousand II. Problems with religious leaders (Mt 15:1 20; 16:1 12; Mk 7:1 23; 8:10 21; Lk 12:1, 5 4 57) A. Debate about unclean actions B. Demand for a sign C. Beware of yeast III. Walking on the water and healing many (Mt 14:24 33; 15:21 31; Mk 6:47 52; 7:24 37; 8:22 26) A. Jesus and Peter walk on the water B. The Syrophoenician woman s daughter C. A deaf mute and the multitudes healed D. A blind man healed IV. Peter s confession and the coming crucifixion (Mt 16:13 27; Mk 8:27 38; Lk 9:18 26) A. Peter s confession of Christ B. Jesus again foretells His death C. The value of a soul Key Words confession........ Peter gave a beautiful confession of his faith in Christ. feeding............. The Lord performed two great feeding miracles. healed .............. Jesus healed many deaf and blind people. hungry ............. Thousands of people were no longer hungry after Jesus fed t hem. leaders ............. Israel s religious leaders openly opposed the things Jesus w as doing and saying. soul.................. Christ taught how great the value of a soul is. walking............ He frightened the Twelve as He came to them walking on the w ater. 85

86 The Life of Christ I. Feeding Hungry People Mt 14:13 21; 15:32 39; Mk 6:30 44; 8:1 9; Lk 9:10 17 A. Feeding Five Thousand Jesus was filled with sorrow when He heard of John s death. He and the disciples were also very tired from ministry to people. So they all went to a desert place to rest. Jesus wanted time alone to grieve for His cousin and forerunner. However, a large crowd of people saw Jesus leaving and they followed Him into the desert. Despite being weary, Jesus was moved with compassion when He saw these people. He began teaching and healing them. Later that day, His disciples urged Jesus to send the multitude away. The people would need time to walk to where they could buy food. But Jesus said, You give them something to eat (Lk 9:13). The Twelve then told Him how little food they had with them: only five loaves and two fishes. The stage was set for a feeding miracle. Q 1 Describe how Jesus felt when He saw the hungry multitude. The Lord first told the people to sit down in groups of fifty. He took the little food He had and gave thanks to the Father for it. Jesus then broke the loaves of bread and the fish, and gave them to the disciples. The disciples obeyed the Master, and the silent miracle of multiplication took place in their hands. Five thousand men, plus women and children, ate well that day. Twelve baskets of food were left over after everyone was full. This was not the first time God had multiplied limited supplies. The widow of Zarephath found that her supply of oil and flour did not run out (1Ki 17). God, through Elisha, later multiplied oil for another widow to meet her emergency financial need (2Ki 4). Elisha also saw a few loaves of bread multiplied to feed a hundred people, with food left over (2Ki 4). And earlier in His ministry, Jesus had turned water into wine to meet a need at a wedding (Jn 2). Now thousands were well fed by the power of our loving Lord. Q 2 What is multiplication? (See the Glossary for help.) Q 3 Name four times when God used multiplica

tion to meet people s needs. a) __________. b) __________. c) __________. d) __________. B. Feeding Four Thousand We now move forward in the life of Christ to consider another feeding miracle. The feeding of the four thousand took place some time after this first miraculous meal. But this second situation was almost the same. Jesus was facing a large multitude of hungry people. Many of these people had just been healed. The Lord was filled with compassion for them. The disciples again believed that they did not have enough food to share with so many people. Seven loaves and a few small fish were not even enough for the disciples! How quickly they had forgotten the earlier miracle when twelve baskets of food were left over! Q 4 The disciples complained that they did not have enough food to feed the multitude. They only had seven loaves and a few fish. What lesson had they forgotten? Jesus knew that many people were following Him only to see miracles and to be fed. The five thousand well-fed men had earlier tried to force Him to become their King. But His compassion for hungry people again moved Jesus to feed them in the wilderness. A little later, four thousand men, plus many women and children, sat full of fish and bread. The disciples collected another seven baskets of food after all had eaten. The small amount given to the Master was again more than enough in His hands. Q 5 How did Jesus feel about hungry people? II. Problems with Religious Leaders Mt 15:1 20; 16:1 12; Mk 7:1 23; 8:10 21; Lk 12:1, 54 57 A. Debate about Unclean Actions A group of Pharisees and scribes came from Jerusalem to question Jesus. They asked Jesus why His disciples did not keep the traditions of the Jewish elders. These Jews were angry that Christ s

Chapter Twelve The Bread of Life 87 disciples did not wash their hands before eating. The traditions of the Jews made washing a strict ritual. All Pharisees believed that washing their hands before every meal was a spiritual matter. Some of them even believed that not washing was as great a sin as adultery. Q 6 What complaint did the Pharisees and scribes bring to Jesus? Christ answered their question with one of His own: And why do you break the command of God for the sake of your tradition? (Mt 15:3). He pressed them hard about their own failure to keep the Law. He thus revealed to them their own hypocrisy. Jesus used this conflict to teach about the source of human evil. All evil thoughts come from the heart. Unclean thoughts produce unclean actions. These include sexual immorality, theft, murder, adultery, greed, malice, deceit, lewdness, envy, slander, arrogance, and folly (Mk 7:21 22). These spiritually unclean thoughts and actions are far more damaging than eating with dirty hands. Q 7 Name at least ten actions or thoughts Jesus said were much worse than eating with dirty hands: a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) __________. __________. __________. __________. __________. __________. __________. __________. __________. __________.

Q 8 What is the source of all human evil? B. Demand for a Sign Some Pharisees and Sadducees again challenged Jesus. This time, they wanted Him to show them a special sign from heaven. This was at least the second time that important religious leaders had made such a request (see Mt 12:38 42). Jesus observed that these men were able to understand the weather signs. He then rebuked them for not being able to interpret the signs of the times (Mt 16:3).

The Lord also rebuked the Pharisees and Sadducees for their lack of sound thinking. They were ignoring the miracles He was performing, even while asking for a new one. Jesus told these unbelieving Jews that He would give them only one sign. It would be the sign of the prophet Jonah. This was the same statement He had told the Pharisees earlier. Jesus was again talking about His own death and burial. He would be in the grave for three days, just as Jonah had been in the fish for three days. Then Jesus left them to cross the Sea of Galilee by boat. Q 9 What were the signs of the times to in Mt 16:3? Jesus referred

C. Beware of Yeast Jesus and the disciples crossed the lake again. Afterward, the disciples remembered that they had not brought bread with them for their trip. Jesus warned them about the yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees. Their man-made religion was filled with the sin of hypocrisy, like yeast fills a lump of dough. At first, the disciples thought that Jesus was talking about bread. He quickly corrected their mistake. He was only talking about the sins of those faithless Jewish leaders. The Lord then rebuked His disciples for their lack of faith. He was not concerned about their failure to bring bread with them. Jesus had to remind them that He fed thousands of people on two occasions. He had performed these miracles with only a small amount of bread and fish. Christ was warning His disciples only about spiritual sins, not their lack of bread. He did not want such sins to affect the lives of His followers. Q 10 What was the yeast Sadducees? Q 11 Describe the Jewish of the Pharisees and

man-made religion.

III. Walking on the Water and Healing Many Mt 14:24 33; 15:21 31; Mk 6:47 52; 7:24 37; 8:22 26

88 The Life of Christ A. Jesus and Peter Walk on the Water Our study of the life of Christ now returns to the time of an earlier miracle. Jesus had just finished feeding the five thousand.1 He had then told His disciples to cross the lake without Him. They began sailing west-ward as Jesus was praying alone in a mountain nearby. After sunset, strong winds and large waves struck the small boat. The men rowed all night against that wind. Near dawn, Jesus came walking out to them on the water. This was yet another time He showed His power over nature. The weary and frightened disciples did not recognise the Lord at first. They thought He was a spirit or ghost. What else could appear to be walking on the stormy water? They were filled with great terror. But Jesus spoke to them, telling them to take courage (Mt 14:27). Peter showed that faith was growing in his life. He asked the Lord to invite him to come out on the water. Jesus said, Come. So Peter stepped out of the boat and began walking toward Jesus on the water. But his faith failed him as he focused upon the dangerous waves instead of upon Jesus. Peter began to sink as his faith was replaced by fear. Q 12 Describe Peter s act of faith in Christ. Q 13 What took away Peter s faith in Christ on the water? The strong, faithful Master reached for Peter and lifted him up. Together, they walked to the ship and entered it. The wind stopped immediately, and the stormy water grew calm. The amazed disciples worshipped Jesus: Truly you are the Son of God (Mt 14:33). They had hard hearts and short memories of Christ s past miracles. This is why they were so often amazed even overwhelmed by His power. Q 14 How did the disciples react to the end of the storm? B. The Syrophoenician Woman s Daughter Christ spent most of His three years of ministry in Israel among Jewish people. However, He did travel some into Gentile areas. He went one time to 1 See section I.A. the coastal region of Tyre and Sidon on the

Mediterranean Sea. He entered a certain home there, possibly hoping to have a time to rest. But His arrival in that area soon became known to the local Gentile people. A Syrophoenician woman came and fell at His feet. She begged Jesus to help her daughter, who was demoniac. This troubled mother is another example of great faith among Gentile people. The Lord did not answer her at first; He wanted to test this mother s faith. But she continued to beg Him for help. Jesus finally answered her. But His answer was not what she had hoped to hear. He told her that it was not right to take the children s bread and give it to dogs. How discouraging these words must have been to the woman. Yet her faith and great need made her keep trying. She accepted the role of Gentile dog. But she replied that even dogs have a right to eat crumbs that fall from their master s table. Jesus then praised this woman for her great faith, and He granted her request. This Gentile woman had continued to believe despite discouragement. She returned home in faith to find her daughter completely delivered. Q 15 Describe the test of faith that Jesus gave to the Syrophoenician woman. C. A Deaf Mute and the Multitudes Healed Jesus returned to the region of Galilee after His short stay in Tyre and Sidon. He went to the area of the Decapolis2 on the south-east side of the Sea of Galilee. A deaf man who could hardly talk was brought by his friends to Jesus. These men begged Jesus to heal their friend. The Lord took the man away from the crowd. He put His fingers in the man s ears and also touched the man s tongue. Jesus then commanded both tongue and ears: Be opened! (Mk 7:34). Immediately the man was completely whole. Christ asked the healed man and his friends not to tell about this miracle. But this exciting news spread quickly in that area. A great multitude of people responded to this good report. 2 Literally, this word means the Ten Cities.

Chapter Twelve The Bread of Life 89 Great crowds came to him, bringing the lame, the blind, the crippled, the mute and many oth ers, and laid them at his feet; and he healed them. The people were amazed when they saw the mute speaking, the crippled made well, the lame walking and the blind seeing. And they praised the God of Israel. (Mt 15:30 31) D. A Blind Man Healed The Lord had returned to Bethsaida on the north side of the Sea of Galilee. People led a blind man to Him for healing. Jesus ministered to this blind man as He had ministered to the deaf mute in the Decapolis. He took the man away from the crowds, outside of the city. Jesus spit on the man s eyes and touched them. The Lord then asked the man what he could see. The blind man answered, I see people; they look like trees walking around (Mk 8:24). Jesus again put His hands on the man s eyes and prayed. After His second prayer, the man could see everything clearly. Jesus chose not to respond instantly to the request of the Syrophoenician woman. But the healing of the blind man was different. This was the only time in the Gospels when complete healing did not come instantly. Let this man s example encourage all who find that their healing is delayed. Perfect healing did come with the Master s second touch. Q 16 Twice, people were not instantly healed when they came to Jesus. Name these two times, giving the Scripture reference for each. a) __________, __________. b) __________, __________. IV. Peter s Confession and the Coming Crucifixion Mt 16:13 27; Mk 8:27 38; Lk 9:18 26

A. Peter s Confession of Christ Ceasarea Philippi was about thirty miles north of the Sea of Galilee. It was on the northern edge of Jewish territory. There, Jesus asked His disciples who people thought He was. He had come to reveal himself as the Messiah and Son of God. But the disciples told Jesus that the crowds did not yet accept Him as the Messiah. Some of the people believed that He was John the Baptist come back from the dead. Even King Herod believed this (Mt 14:1 2). Others thought that He was a resurrected prophet: Elijah, Jeremiah, or one of the other prophets. Jesus then asked the disciples who they thought He was. Peter spoke for the Twelve when he said, You are the Christ (Mk 8:29). Jesus blessed Peter for this statement of faith. He then talked about the important meaning of Peter s name. He had given Simon a new name: Peter. Peter (Greek: petros) means a little rock. But Jesus said, On this rock [Greek: petra large rock or stone] I will build my church (Mt 16:18). This large rock refers to Peter s statement of faith in Jesus as the Son of God. Jesus would build His Church upon that confession of faith. His Church would be stronger than the gates of hell itself. Q 17 Summarise Peter s confession, based upon his faith in Christ. Peter was the first to make such a bold statement of faith in Jesus. God the Father had revealed to Peter this truth about Jesus. This revelation led Jesus to give to Peter the special privilege of the keys of the kingdom of heaven (Mt 16:19). Peter used those keys to open the Kingdom to the Jews on the Day of Pentecost (Ac 2). Later, Peter brought the kingdom of God to the Gentile house of Cornelius. Jesus gave much authority to Peter. This authority was later shared with the other Apostles and with the whole Church (Mt 18:18; Jn 20:23; 1Co 5:4 5, 13). Q 18 How did Jesus respond to Peter s great confession? B. Jesus Again Foretells His Death Peter had just confessed his faith in Jesus as Messiah and Son of God. The Lord accepted Peter s statement; it was true. But Jesus hurried to explain that He would not immediately become Israel s ruler or king. God s plan of salvation required the death of His Son. Jesus told them plainly that He would be killed in Jerusalem. However, He would be raised to life on the third day.

This truth Christ s coming death was too painful for the disciples to accept easily. They had the wrong idea about what the Messiah would do. Like many Jews, the disciples did not really know

90 The Life of Christ why He would come as the Anointed One. Peter, recently blessed and praised by Jesus, did not want to hear such talk. He was so bold (and so wrong!) that he thought the Lord himself must be mistaken. Peter rebuked Jesus: Never, Lord! . . . This shall never happen to you! (Mt 16:22). Jesus knew that Peter s challenge was inspired by Satan. He rebuked Peter sharply. Peter was judging things based only upon the standards of men. He did not understand God s standard or plan. It is easy to slip into human judgement and to lose sight of God s higher purpose. God s will was for Jesus to suffer and die in Jerusalem for the sins of the world. Q 19 What did Peter say that caused Jesus to re buke him? Was Peter acting in faith? Ex plain. C. The Value of a Soul Christ chose this time of open teaching to declare that His life was the right pattern for men to follow. This truth applies to His followers today: If anyone would come after me. . . . (Mt 16:24). True Christians must deny themselves, take up their cross, and follow Him. The cost of Christian discipleship is great. Yet those who try to save their own lives will lose their lives. In contrast, those who choose to lay down their lives for His sake will gain life. Jesus would lay down His life for the salvation of the world. That is why He confronted Peter so strongly. Peter wanted the Lord to save His own life. However, the world would never have a Saviour if Jesus had done what Peter wanted. The Lord then asked two hard questions: What good will it be for a man if he gains the whole world, yet forfeits his soul? Or what can a man give in exchange for his soul? (Mt 16:26). The soul is worth more than anything else. Nothing can compare to its value. It should never be sold nor traded for worthless treasure. These were very serious words from the Lord. He then added that He would be ashamed of anyone who was ashamed of Him. Some people are not willing to pay the high price required to follow the

Lord. They will be rejected by Christ at His second coming. Jesus will then reward every person according to their works on earth. Gaining the whole world at the cost of one s soul will seem like a foolish decision at that time. Q 20 How much is your soul worth? Q 21 Some people are not willing to pay the high price of following the Lord. What will hap pen to them in the future?

Chapter Twelve The Bread of Life 91 Homework Q 22 Review section I. Then complete the following chart: food Jesus food left over feeding .........started with after all were fed 5,000............__________ __________ 4,000............__________ __________ Q 23 What did Jesus feel for the 9,000 people in Q 22 above? Q 24to Q 25: Review Q 12, Q 13, Q 17, Q 18, and Q 19. Then complete the followin g two questions. Q 24 Name two times when Peter showed great faith: a) __________. b) __________. Q 25 Name two times when Peter reacted without faith: a) __________. b) __________. Class Discussion Q 26 Some people followed Jesus only to see His miracles and eat His food. Still, Jes us fed everyone. Why did He not send away such people before feeding the hungry, sincere multitude? Q 27 Peter stepped out of the boat to meet Christ on the stormy water. a) What is the link or connection between courage and faith? __________. b) Is it possible to have courage without having faith? __________. c) Is it possible to have faith without having courage? __________. Q 28 Should pastors start feeding programmes for the poor because Jesus fed the multi tude?

92 The Life of Christ

Chapter Thirteen Transfiguration, Demon Deliverance, and Continued Teaching Objectives Describe Christ s glory and the miracles that happened during His transfiguration. Memorise the great principle of faith given by Christ. Summarise four principles of greatness in the kingdom of God. Chapter Outline I. The Transfiguration (Mt 17:1 9; Mk 9:2 10; Lk 9:28 36) A. Talking with Moses and Elijah B. The disciples reaction to divine glory C. Jesus explains what they saw II. A demon-possessed boy delivered (Mt 17:14 21; Mk 9:14 29; Lk 9:37 42) III. Lessons for the disciples (Mt 17:22 27; 18:1 35; Mk 9:30 50; Lk 9:43 50; 17:3 4) A. Another warning about His coming death B. A coin in a fish s mouth C. Discipline and unity in the church D. A sermon about a child E. Another warning about hell Key Words glory ......................The disciples saw the glory of God in Jesus. greatness................The path to greatness in God s kingdom is through serving . lessons ...................Jesus taught His followers many important lessons abo ut God and life. possessed...............The young man brought to Jesus was demon-possessed. Transfiguration......The Transfiguration filled the disciples with great fear. I. The Transfiguration Mt 17:1 9; Mk 9:2 10; Lk 9:28 36 A. Talking with Moses and Elijah The Father wanted to encourage His Son concerning the suffering that awaited Him. Jesus chose three of His disciples to share this experience with Him. He took Peter, James, and John with Him to a mountain to pray. Peter needed this divine revelation most of all. The main reason Jesus went to this mountain was to spend time in prayer. While praying there, His face shone like the sun, and his clothes became as white as the light (Mt 17:2). This is called the Transfiguration. Moses and Elijah 93

94 The Life of Christ suddenly appeared with Him. They talked with Jesus as He was in this transfigured state. Luke records that they talked about His coming death in Jerusalem (9:31). This talk with Moses and Elijah must have encouraged Jesus as He approached that awful day. Q 1 Describe in your own words what happened to Jesus during the Transfiguration. B. The Disciples Reaction to Divine Glory Jesus wanted to share this revelation of His glory with the three disciples. But they had fallen asleep while He was in prayer! They awoke in time to see His glory and the two men talking with Him. These sleepy disciples were suddenly filled with fear at this sight. Now Moses and Elijah were preparing to leave. What should the disciples say? What should they do? It was the time of the Feast of Tabernacles. During this week-long feast, the Jews lived outside in booths. Peter wanted to do something to mark this revelation of Christ s glory. So he asked if they could build three booths for Jesus and His two heavenly visitors. His idea was a foolish one, however, spoken only out of his great fear. Q 2 What did Peter want to do? Why? A cloud from heaven settled down upon them and surrounded them. This supernatural cloud only added to the fear in the three disciples hearts. Then a voice came from the cloud speaking these words: This is my Son, whom I love. Listen to him! (Mk 9:7). The words were encouraging, but this revelation was an overwhelming experience. The three disciples fell face down on the ground, totally gripped with terror. Hearing the voice of God the Father was not a common human experience, even for Christ s disciples. C. Jesus Explains What They Saw Jesus came and touched the terrified disciples with His loving hands. He told them to get up, and not to be afraid. They then began to walk back down the mountain. As they walked, Jesus told them to keep silent about this revelation of His divine glory. He did not want them to tell about this until after He was risen from the dead. Jesus also told them plainly that He would soon be killed. But He added that He would be raised from the dead three days later. Despite Christ s plain words, the three disciples discussed what rising from the

dead

meant (see Mk 9:10).

The three disciples then asked Jesus about a prophecy that involved Elijah. They had just seen the great prophet Elijah. Was this what Malachi had predicted: that Elijah would come before the Day of the Lord? Jesus told them that Elijah would indeed come and restore all things. However, He added that this had already happened! John the Baptist had come in the spirit and power of Elijah (Lk 1:17). Q 3 Name each miracle that took place on the Mount of Transfiguration. Q 4 Summarise what Jesus told His disciples about: a) His coming death: __________. b) His coming resurrection: __________. c) John the Baptist: __________. II. A Demon-Possessed Boy Delivered Mt 17:14 21; Mk 9:14 29; Lk 9:37 42 Jesus, Peter, James, and John joined the disciples waiting for them at the bottom of the mountain. Jesus found His nine disciples surrounded by a large crowd. These people had come to see another miracle, but had been disappointed. A man had brought his demon-possessed son to the disciples for deliverance. However, the nine disciples had been unable to drive out the demon. They could not help the boy, so all were looking to Jesus for help. Jesus first rebuked His disciples for their unbelief, lack of faith, and lack of power. He then told them to bring the boy to Him. The anxious father explained that his son had long been tormented by the demon. In fact, the demon had often tried to kill the boy. The father begged Jesus for help with the small faith that he had. He said, If you can do anything, take pity on us and help us (Mk 9:22). Jesus was amazed by the word if in this man s request. Of course Jesus could do it! And then our Lord stated one of the key principles in the New Testament: Everything is possible for him who believes (9:23). The boy s father said that he did believe, but asked Jesus to help him with his

Chapter Thirteen Transfiguration, Demon Deliverance, and Continued Teaching 95 unbelief. Jesus responded powerfully to this statement of faith, even though it was imperfect. He commanded the demon to leave and never return. The boy was set free. Q 5 What great principle of faith did Jesus give to a man who still had some unbelief? Q 6 What word revealed the father s imperfect faith in Jesus? The nine disciples knew they did not have enough power to drive out the demon. They had driven out demons in their earlier ministry trip (Lk 10:17). Even so, they had not been able to help this boy. Later that day, they asked Jesus why they had failed. He told them that they needed more faith. Real faith, even a small amount, would let them to do anything for God. Jesus added that the power to deal with such demons comes only by prayer and fasting. Q 7 What two things can believers do to have more power in spiritual warfare? a) __________. b) __________. III. Lessons for the Disciples Mt 17:22 27; 18:1 35; Mk 9:30 50; Lk 9:43 50; 17:3 4 A. Another Warning about His Coming Death Jesus began another tour of Galilee. He knew that the Twelve did not understand what was soon going to happen to Him. He had earlier told them that He was going to be killed in Jerusalem. They neither accepted this nor understood it. So He explained it to them once more. He said, Listen carefully to what I am about to tell you: The Son of Man is going to be betrayed into the hands of men (Lk 9:44). This warning was very clear. Still, the disciples did not understand what He was saying. It seemed impossible to them that the Messiah would have to die. But they were afraid to ask Him further about it. Luke s Gospel records that God hid from them the true meaning of Christ s warning. They were able to understand it only after Christ s death and

resurrection. B. A Coin in a Fish s Mouth They returned to Capernaum for more ministry. There, a tax collector asked Peter if Jesus paid the temple tax. Peter boldly told the man that Jesus did pay it. He then came to report this question to the Lord. Before Peter could speak, Jesus asked him a question: From whom do the kings of the earth collect duty and taxes from their own sons or from others? (Mt 17: 25). Peter correctly answered from others. Jesus then said that the children are free from taxes. He and His disciples were children of the great King of all the earth. Therefore, they should be free from taxes. Jesus knew that temple tax was very important to the Jewish religious system. He did not want to offend the tax collector. So he told Peter to go fishing! The first fish Peter would catch would have a coin in its mouth. Jesus told Peter to use the coin to pay the tax for both himself and Peter. Q 8 Peter paid the tax to a tax collector. a) How did he do this? __________. b) Which tax did he pay? __________. c) For whom did he pay? __________. C. Discipline and Unity in the Church Only Matthew records Christ s teaching about how to settle problems in His Church. Jesus knew that the Church must have discipline in order to be effective. Therefore, He said: If your brother sins against you, go and show him his fault, just between the two of you. If he listens to you, you have won your brother over. But if he will not listen, take one or two others along, so that every matter may be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses. If he refuses to listen to them, tell it to the church; and if he refuses to listen even to the church, treat him as you would a pagan or a tax collector. (Mt 18:15 17) Q 9 List the four steps that may be involved in church discipline cases: a) __________. b) __________. c) __________. d) __________. Jesus then explained how powerful a united group of believers could be. Unity is the key to

96 The Life of Christ spiritual power. Any prayer prayed in unity by two believers would be answered by His Father in heaven. And Jesus himself would always meet with even two or three believers assembled in His name. Large numbers are not needed to experience God s presence and answered prayers. Q 10 State one of the important keys to great spiritual power. John must have felt proud of himself as he reported to Jesus. The disciples had found a man who was casting out demons in Jesus name. They had stopped the man from doing this. This stranger was not one who was following Jesus as a disciple. John was proud to be one of Christ s followers. He did not want strangers doing what he had been given power to do. The Lord rebuked John and the other disciples for their selfish attitude. Jesus told them, Whoever is not against us is for us (Mk 9:40). Those who do things in His name have a reward. This includes simple things like giving a cup of cold water to someone who is thirsty. And it certainly includes casting out demons in Jesus name. Q 11 What lesson did John learn from Christ s rebuke? D. A Sermon about a Child In Capernaum, Jesus had to correct His disciples for their earlier private discussion. They did not want to tell Him what they had talked about. They were now ashamed that they had argued about who was the greatest disciple. But Jesus knew their thoughts. And He knew that He must correct their false belief about greatness. Jesus took a small child in His arms. He used the child to help the disciples understand His sermon on true greatness: Whoever welcomes welcomes me; and the one who sent among you all he this little child in my name whoever welcomes me welcomes me. For he who is least is the greatest. (Lk 9:48)

This verse shows us the only way to spiritual greatness. Christ s path to greatness is much different than the way to greatness in the world. In fact, his path to greatness is the opposite of that used by the world. Q 12

What should people do who want to become great in the kingdom of God? Jesus also warned His disciples how serious it was to offend a little child spiritually: And if anyone causes one of these little ones who believe in me to sin, it would be better for him to be thrown into the sea with a large millstone tied around his neck. (Mk 9:42) He did not tell what the exact punishment would be for such an offence. But it clearly is worse than being helplessly drowned in the sea. Q 13 Greatness in the kingdom comes by becoming like __________. Q 14 Great punishment awaits those who __________. E. Another Warning about Hell Having a millstone hung around your neck and being drowned is very serious. But hell is far worse! Christ had just warned about spiritually offending one of these little ones. A sermon about the terror of hell naturally followed. Jesus taught often about the reality of hell and its torment. Hell must be avoided at all costs. If your hand causes you to sin, cut it off. It is better for you to enter life maimed than with two hands to go into hell, where the fire never goes out. And if your foot causes you to sin, cut it off. It is better for you to enter life crippled than to have two feet and be thrown into hell. And if your eye causes you to sin, pluck it out. It is better for you to enter the kingdom of God with one eye than to have two eyes and be thrown into hell, where their worm does not die, and the fire is not quenched. (Mk 9:43 48) Jesus clearly taught that hell is forever. And it is a place of fire and torment. No personal sacrifice is too great in order to avoid hell. Q 15 Why did Jesus often teach about hell?

Chapter Thirteen Transfiguration, Demon Deliverance, and Continued Teaching 97 Homework Q 16 Review section III.C and Q 9. Name the four steps involved in dealing with probl ems in the church. Name the people who are involved in each step. step action people involved the goal one __________ __________ __________ two __________ __________ __________ three __________ __________ __________ four __________ __________ __________ Q 17 Review the last sentence in Mk 9:23 until you can quote this verse from memory. Q 18 to Q 21: Review Q 5, Q 7, Q 10, Q 12, and Q 13. Then complete the following sentences: Q 18 The key to great possibilities is __________. Q 19 The key to great power over demons is __________. Q 20 The key to great power in the Church is __________. Q 21 The key to great rank or position in the Kingdom is __________. Class Discussion Q 22 Review section III.B. Did Jesus mean that Christians should not pay taxes? Shoul d Christians always expect a miracle from God to help them pay their taxes? (See also Mt 22:15 22.) Q 23 How often should a pastor preach on hell? Q 24 Should every believer seek greater spiritual power? Should every believer seek t o cast out demons, or is this a special gift of grace?

98 The Life of Christ

Chapter Fourteen Discipleship, the Disciples, and the Lepers Objectives Summarise Christ s teachings on the cost of discipleship. State the reason for joy in the life of a disciple. Explain the meaning of the word neighbour as Jesus used the word. Chapter Outline I. Introduction II. The cost of discipleship for three volunteers (Mt 8:19 22; Lk 9:57 62) III. The disciples sent into ministry (Mt 11:20 30; Lk 10:1 24) A. Many disciples sent out B. The disciples return C. Some cities rebuked IV. Jesus heals ten lepers (Lk 17:11 19) V. The parable of the Good Samaritan (Lk 10:25 27) Key Words cost .................. Jesus wanted people to count the cost involved in follow ing Him. disciples........... The disciples had given up everything for Jesus. discipleship...... Christian discipleship is a serious commitment. lepers ............... The lepers pleaded with Jesus to help them. Samaritan......... Only the Samaritan came back to thank the Lord. I. Introduction Jesus often talked about the cost involved in following Him. In this short chapter, we again see His call to discipleship given to those who were with Him. We also see the successful ministry by a larger group of His disciples. Jesus had sent them out with His anointing and blessing. II. The Cost of Discipleship for Three Volunteers Mt 8:19 22; Lk 9:57 62 Jesus found another occasion to teach His followers about the cost of being His disciple. A man came to Him, volunteering to follow Jesus anywhere. Jesus told the man that He could not offer material or financial security. He said, Foxes have holes and birds of the air have nests, but the Son of Man has no place to lay his head (Mt 8:20). Nothing in Christ s life was secure, and He had no possessions. Those who followed Him had to accept those conditions. Another man came volunteering for service. But this man came with a condition attached to his 99

100 The Life of Christ offer. He wanted to follow Jesus. But he first wanted to return home for some time to bury his father. Many Bible scholars believe the man s father was not even dead at the time. This family responsibility could have kept the man at home for a long time. Jesus answered, Follow me, and let the dead bury their own dead (Mt 8:22). He meant that those who are dead in their sins should take care of such family business. In contrast, those who wish to follow Jesus must make Him their highest commitment. Our commitment to Christ must be greater than our commitment to our own families. Q 1 What security and possessions did Jesus offer to those who followed Him? Q 2 Jesus said, Let the dead bury their own dead. a) Who were in the first group of dead people? __________. b) Who were in the second group of dead people? __________. A third man came wanting to be His disciple. He also asked permission to first return home. This man simply wanted to say farewell to his family. In reply, Jesus gave His strongest challenge to total commitment. He said, No one who puts his hand to the plow and looks back is fit for service in the kingdom of God (Lk 9:62). Those who choose to follow Jesus must not have divided loyalties or commitments. Q 3 Two men came wanting to follow Jesus. Both of them told Jesus that they could not follow Him immediately. Each wanted to re turn home first. What did Jesus tell each of these men? a) first man: __________. b) second man: __________. III. The Disciples Sent into Ministry Mt 11:20 30; Lk 10:1 24 A. Many Disciples Sent Out In Mark 6, we read about the Twelve being sent out to minister in various towns and villages. Now

Jesus was ready to send out a larger group for ministry without Him. He prepared seventy-two disciples to do what He himself had been doing. Jesus sent them out with the same instructions He had earlier given to the Twelve. They were to go out in pairs (two by two). Jesus told them what to wear and what to take with them. He told these disciples what to say when they first entered a house. They were to stay in the first household that welcomed them. They were to eat and drink whatever they were served there. Their ministry was to be like His own. These disciples were to heal the sick wherever they went. And they were to preach that the kingdom of God had come to that town or village. Jesus warned them that they would be like lambs among wolves. And they might be rejected by the people. Jesus had certainly felt rejection! If rejected, the disciples were to wipe the dust of that town from their shoes. Sodom was destroyed by God s judgement. Even that judgement would be light compared to God s judgement upon towns that rejected Christ s disciples. Q 4 What were the seventy-two disciples told to do in their ministry? Q 5 Where were the disciples supposed to stay during their ministry? Q 6 What did Jesus say might happen to His fol lowers as they went out to minister to peo ple? B. The Disciples Return The seventy-two disciples reported back to Jesus some time later. They were filled with joy as they told the Lord that even demons submitted to them. In reply, the Lord told them not to rejoice about demons. Instead, His disciples were to rejoice because their names were written in heaven. Jesus told them that Satan was a defeated enemy. Long before, He had watched Satan fall from heaven. Now Jesus was giving His followers power over all of Satan s kingdom. Q 7 According to Jesus, believers should:

a) rejoice because __________. b) should not rejoice because __________. Jesus himself was filled with great joy at that moment. He thanked His Father that such spiritual truth was hidden from wise, highly educated men.

Chapter Fourteen Discipleship,the Disciples, and the Lepers 101 The truth was being revealed to little children like His disciples. All mysteries and power had been given to Him. And Jesus was revealing these mysteries to those whom He had chosen to follow Him. He turned to these happy disciples and said: Blessed are the eyes that see what you see. For I tell you that many prophets and kings wanted to see what you see but did not see it, and to hear what you hear but did not hear it. (Lk 10:23 24) Q 8 What caused Jesus to rejoice in Lk 10? C. Some Cities Rebuked Jesus talked about the ancient city of Sodom while giving instructions to the disciples.1 He went on to rebuke some of the cities that had already rejected His own ministry. He included Korazin, Bethsaida (Lk 10:13), and Capernaum (Lk 10:15). He compared them to Sodom and Tyre and Sidon. Sodom had been destroyed, and Tyre and Sidon were pagan Gentile cities. Yet these three cities would have sincerely repented if Christ had performed His mighty miracles there. However, the miracles done in these cities of Israel did not lead to such repentance. The Jewish people were filled with too much unbelief and pride. A terrible judgement awaited them. Q 9 What would have caused Sodom, Tyre, and Sidon to repent? Q 10 Name the two main reasons that Korazin, Bethsaida, and Capernaum did not repent. a) first reason: __________. b) second reason: __________. IV. Jesus Heals Ten Lepers Lk 17:11 19 Jesus was travelling toward Jerusalem to celebrate the Feast of Tabernacles. He went through a certain village where He ministered to ten men who had leprosy. These lepers stood some distance from Him. By law, they were not allowed to come close to anyone who did not have that disease. So they cried out to Jesus for mercy. 1 See section III.A above.

These men could not come close enough for Him to touch them. So He just called back to them, telling them what they should do. He told them to follow the directions given by Moses for those who were healed of leprosy. All ten men started walking in the direction of the nearest priest. They started walking in obedience and faith in Jesus. He healed them as they walked. Only one leper turned back when he saw that he was healed. This one joyful man ran back to Jesus, praising God as he came. He fell at the Master s feet and thanked Him. Jesus noted that the only one who returned to thank Him was a Samaritan. The other nine were Jews. This is another example of faith in Christ outside of the house of Israel. Q 11 When did Jesus heal the ten lepers? Q 12 Why did the Samaritan return to Jesus? V. The Parable of the Good Samaritan Lk 10:25 27 We are not sure exactly when the Samaritan leper was healed. This miracle may have happened before Jesus told the parable of the Good Samaritan. It is possible that Jesus had this healed, thankful Samaritan man in mind when He spoke the parable. A certain lawyer came to Jesus with a question. The lawyer asked what he should do to receive eternal life. In reply, Jesus asked the lawyer for his own opinion. The man answered by stating the words of Moses: Love God and love your neighbour as yourself. Jesus told the man that he had answered correctly. The Lord then added this short application: Do this and you will live (Lk 10:28). The lawyer was not happy with this answer. He knew that he did not love God nor his neighbour as the Law commanded. This is why the lawyer asked Jesus for a legal definition for the word neighbour. He wanted to find some legal excuse for his own failure to love. Jesus did not give this hypocrite a technical or legal definition of neighbour. Instead, He told this parable to illustrate the true meaning of this word.

102 The Life of Christ A man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho, when he fell into the hands of robbers. They stripped him of his clothes, beat him and went away, leaving him half dead. A priest happened to be going down the same road, and when he saw the man, he passed by on the other side. So too, a Levite, when he came to the place and saw him, passed by on the other side. But a Samaritan, as he traveled, came where the man was; and when he saw him, he took pity on him. He went to him and bandaged his wounds, pouring on oil and wine. Then he put the man on his own donkey, took him to an inn and took care of him. The next day he took out two silver coins and gave them to the innkeeper. Look after him, he said, and when I return, I will reimburse you for any extra expense you may have. (Lk 10:30 35) Jesus then asked the lawyer which of the three men was a true neighbour. The answer was clear to the lawyer the Samaritan. Jesus then told the lawyer to go be that kind of neighbour to others. Only then would he truly be loving his neighbour as himself. Q 13 Why did the lawyer want a of the word neighbour? legal definition

Q 14 State in your own words the meaning of the word neighbour as Jesus used the word.

Chapter Fourteen Discipleship,the Disciples, and the Lepers 103 Homework Q 15 Review Q 1 to Q 3. List some things that a disciple of Christ must be willing to give up. Q 16 Review Q 7. What should be the highest source of joy in a Christian s life? Q 17 Jesus healed a Samaritan leper, along with nine Jewish lepers. Then He told a st ory about the Good Samaritan. Were the Samaritan leper and the good-neighbour Samaritan alike? If so, in what way? Be ready to explain your answer in class. Class Discussion Q 18 Review Christ s statement in Lk 9:62: No one who puts his hand to the plow and look s back is fit for service in the kingdom of God. To what do the words looks back refer? State examples of thi s behaviour as you have seen it in other people s lives. Q 19 Does God require believers to have nothing to do with their unsaved family members? (See Mt 8:22.) Q 20 Jesus did not want His disciples to be so happy that they had authority ove r demons. Explain why. Q 21 Who is your neighbour? Do you love that person as yourself?

104 The Life of Christ

Unit III Summary The Second, Third, and Fourth Periods of Galilean Ministry Chapter Eleven Jesus started using parables in His ministry. He did this as people began reject ing His direct teaching. But His truth could still be understood by those who wanted to hear it. Many of His parables described aspects of the kingdom of God. One told of a farm er sowing seed in different kinds of soils. Some of the soil was bad and produced nothing. Other s oil produced a harvest from the seed sown in it. Even so, some soil was more productive than others. A second parable described an enemy sowing weeds in a good field. The owner deci ded to let both the grain and the weeds grow together until harvest. Only God can judge the righteou s wheat from the ungodly weeds. All weeds will be burned in hell before the harvest of the righteous. The third parable pictured the kingdom of God being like a mustard tree. Both st art from small beginnings. Yet both grow to be very large. Two other parables showed the great value of the Kingdom for those who find it. The treasure hidden in the field and the pearl of great price both were Christ himself. Those who find Chri st must give up everything else in life to have Him. Jesus continued to perform great miracles, even while teaching in parables. He s howed His great power over nature by stilling a storm on the Sea of Galilee. Then He rebuked His disci ples. They did not have enough faith themselves to order the storm to be quiet. Later, Jesus drove out many dem ons from a wild man. These demons then entered two thousand pigs feeding nearby. The possessed pigs ran mad ly into the sea and drowned. The man was set free and was again in his right mind. But the people of that region of Gadarenes feared Jesus. They asked Him to leave them alone in their spiritual darkness. The Lord returned to Galilee to continue His ministry to the Jews. A woman touch ed His robe in faith and was immediately healed. This happened while Jesus was going to Jairus house to he al this man s daughter. The girl died before Jesus could get there. But the Master brought her back to l ife. This wonderful news about Jesus spread widely. Two blind men were healed by Jesus as He left Jairus house. Then a demon-possesse d dumb man was brought to Him by the man s friends. Jesus drove out the demon and healed the man. Christ was rejected a second time by His former neighbours in Nazareth. He was a mazed by their unbelief.

He later sent out the Twelve for ministry on their own without Him. He gave them power to heal and drive out demons. Jesus told them to preach, heal, and deliver. They returned with joy, re porting great spiritual victories. But their joy turned to sadness as they learned that John had been killed by Her od. Chapter Twelve Jesus went to a desert place to grieve for John and to rest. But He was moved wi th compassion for the large crowd of people that followed Him there. He miraculously fed five thousand men, plus the women and children. Later, Jesus repeated this miracle by feeding four thousand hungry men , plus the women and children. On both days, He multiplied a small amount of food to feed thousands. 105

106 The Life of Christ The Pharisees and teachers of the Law questioned Jesus about His disciples. Chri st s disciples were not washing their hands before eating. In reply, Jesus questioned the Pharisees abou t their hypocrisy. He then taught His disciples where evil comes from. The source of all evil is the heart, not the dirt on the hands. Jesus also warned them about the spiritual yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees. Such le galistic, man-made religion must be rejected by all who truly love God. The miracle of walking on the water again showed Christ s power over nature. Peter boldly stepped out in faith. But he soon found that his failing faith could not keep him above the sto rmy waters. He needed Jesus! The Lord healed many people as His ministry continued. These included the daught er of a Syrophoenician woman, a deaf man, and a blind man. The Lord had to pray for this blind man twic e. This was the only time in the Gospels that a person was not instantly healed by Christ. Simon confessed his belief in Jesus as the Christ (Mk 8:29). Jesus blessed Simon f or this statement of faith, and changed his name to Peter. Jesus then gave to Peter the keys of the k ingdom of heaven. Later, Jesus told His disciples of His coming death. Peter tried to rebuke the Lord for sayin g such things. Christ then rebuked Peter for saying words that were inspired by Satan. All who want to be Christ s disciple must deny themselves. They must take up their cross and follow Him. The cost of following Him is great. But this cost is nothing compared to losing one s soul. Nothing can compare to the value of an eternal soul. Chapter Thirteen The Transfiguration of Jesus on a mountain was seen only by Peter, James, and Jo hn. God s glory shone from Christ s face. Even His clothes started shining like the sun. Moses and Elija h talked with Jesus about His coming suffering. The disciples were filled with fear and wonder at this sight. God the Father himself told those three confused disciples to listen to His beloved Son. Jesus then told the m not to talk about what they had seen. The father of a demon-possessed boy met Jesus as He reached the bottom of the mo untain. The nine disciples waiting there had not been able to cast out the demon. Jesus commanded the demon to go. He then told His defeated disciples that spiritual power comes by prayer and fasting. Jesus taught His disciples many important lessons. He told them plainly that He was going to be killed. Later, Jesus arranged a miracle for Peter to pay the temple tax for both himself and Peter. He taught His

disciples how to settle relationship problems in His church. The Lord also taugh t about greatness in the kingdom of God. He used a little child to illustrate His teaching. Finally, Chri st warned the disciples about the terror of hell. Hell must be avoided at all cost! Chapter Fourteen People began coming to Jesus to volunteer to be His disciples. He used this oppo rtunity to teach about the cost of discipleship. His disciples had no security nor wealth. Christ demanded love from them that exceeded their love for their own families. He demanded that He be their highest priority in life. Jesus sent out into ministry a much larger group of disciples. These seventy-two disciples were to do what He had been doing. They were to preach the kingdom of God, heal the sick, and ca st out demons. They would sometimes be rejected, just as Jesus was sometimes rejected. But when they retur ned, their report was full of victory. Even demons had to obey them. Jesus had been given all power by the Fat her. Now He was sharing that power with His disciples. They also were beginning to shake Satan s kingdom.

Unit Three Summary 107 Jesus rebuked some cities of Israel for their unbelief and pride. He said that S odom, Tyre, and Sidon would judge these cities. Those three Gentile cities would have repented if Jesus had preached and ministered there. Yet even great miracles would not bring some Jews to repentance. While He was walking to Jerusalem, the Lord met ten men with leprosy. These hope less men cried out to Him for mercy. Jesus told them to go to a priest to show him they had been clean sed. As they walked away, all of these men were healed. But only one, a Samaritan, returned to Jesus to thank Him for this miracle. Jesus told a parable about a Samaritan after a Jewish lawyer questioned Him. The lawyer had wanted to know what he must do to have eternal life. Yet even the lawyer admitted that the Law of Moses was clear on this issue. The Law required love both for God and for one s neighbour. But this h ypocrite wanted a legal definition for the word neighbour. In reply, Jesus told the parable of three peo ple who met a wounded man on the Jericho road. Only the Samaritan reached out to this helpless, beaten Jewish man. The Samaritan had mercy on him, even though Samaritans normally hated Jews. Jesus said only the Samarita n was a true neighbour of the wounded man. He then told the lawyer to be that kind of neighbour to others.

108 The Life of Christ

Unit 4 Departure from Galilee for Jerusalem Chapter Fifteen Rebukes, Prayers, and Healings Objectives: Contrast Christ s rebukes to: Martha the Pharisees and lawyers greedy people Summarise Christ s teaching on prayer. Explain how Jesus viewed the Jewish rules for the Sabbath day. Chapter Sixteen Great Teachings of Christ Objectives: State the great principle regarding humility and honour. Compare the cost of discipleship as Jesus taught it with your own practice of di scipleship. Summarise the value of the lost from three of Christ s parables. Chapter Seventeen Two Men Named Lazarus Objectives: Identify the truth taught in the story of Lazarus and the rich man. Explain the reason Jesus did not heal Lazarus before he died. Describe the impact of Lazarus resurrection upon those who watched it. Chapter Eighteen On the Road to Jerusalem Objectives: Describe what people must do in order to enter the kingdom of God. Contrast the attitudes of the Pharisee and the tax collector in Christ s parable. Explain Christ s position on divorce and remarriage. Chapter Nineteen Greatness in the Kingdom Objectives: Explain why Jesus told the rich young ruler to sell everything and g ive the money to the poor. Summarise Christ s promise to those who leave all to follow Him. Describe the person who is the greatest in the kingdom of God. 109

110 The Life of Christ

Chapter Fifteen Rebukes, Prayers, and Healings Objectives Contrast Christ s rebukes to: Martha the Pharisees and lawyers greedy people Summarise Christ s teaching on prayer. Explain how Jesus viewed the Jewish rules for the Sabbath day. Chapter Outline I. Rebukes for various people (Lk 10:38 42; 11:37 54; 12:13 21) A. Martha is rebuked B. Pharisees and lawyers are rebuked C. The rich and greedy are rebuked II. Teachings about prayer and repentance (Lk 11:5 13; 12:35 38) A. The persistent friend B. Pray and watch for His coming C. A call for repentant prayer III. Healing for two people (Lk 13:10 17; 14:1 6) A. A crippled woman is healed B. A man is healed of dropsy Key Words greedy.............. Jesus warned His followers to avoid becoming greedy. persistent ......... God wants people to be persistent in their prayers for His help. pray.................. Christians should pray as Jesus taught His disciples. rebukes ............ Religious hypocrites often received strong rebukes from the Lord. repent............... We must repent or we will perish. 111

112 The Life of Christ I. Rebukes for Various People Lk 10:38 42; 11:37 54; 12:13 21 A. Martha Is Rebuked The village of Bethany was about two miles east of Jerusalem. Bethany was the home of Martha, Mary, and Lazarus. Martha had welcomed Jesus into their home. She then went to work cooking a meal for her Guest. However, her sister Mary was not helping her. Instead, Mary was just sitting, listening to Jesus. Martha did not like being left to work alone in the kitchen. She wanted Mary to leave Jesus to help her. And so Martha complained to the Lord about her sister. Martha must have been surprised by the answer Jesus gave her. He rebuked Martha for being worried and upset about many things (Lk 10:41). A simple meal would have been enough for Him. His rebuke felt even stronger because He also praised Mary. He told Martha that Mary had better judgement than she did. Mary had chosen to listen to every word that He spoke. In fact, Mary heard words from the Lord that Martha never heard. Martha was too busy trying to serve Him! The answer Jesus gave all believers. We can working for the Lord. important it is to be we receive sitting at away from us. to Martha is helpful to easily become caught up in We can easily forget how with the Lord. The blessings His feet can never be taken

Q 1 State in your own words the rebuke Jesus gave to Martha. Q 2 How did Mary show better judgement than Martha? What was Martha doing wrong? B. Pharisees and Lawyers Are Rebuked Jesus was ministering in the region of Perea on the east side of the Jordan River. A Pharisee invited Him to his home for a meal. Jesus had eaten with Pharisees before. But conflicts were common when Jesus and the Pharisees met together. Such a conflict developed during this meal. The Pharisee was surprised that Jesus did not wash His hands before eating. It offended the man that the Lord ignored this Jewish ritual. Jesus immediately rebuked the Pharisee. The Lord said that the most important thing was a clean heart, not clean hands. It was foolish to clean the body while leaving the heart filled with moral dirt.

Christ s rebuke of the Pharisees included their practice of tithing. They paid tithes on everything they owned. Yet they ignored the more important issues of life. They ignored social justice and love for God while appearing to be religious. Jesus told them to continue tithing while also improving the condition of their hearts. Q 3 Jesus rebuked the religious practices of the Pharisees. Name two of these practices: a) __________. b) __________. Some lawyers were also at this meal in the Pharisee s home. They, too, were offended by His rebuke. Jesus then told the lawyers about their sins. Lawyers made hard laws for people to follow. The common people carried most of the burden of these laws. Yet the lawyers themselves did not keep their own laws! Their fathers had killed the prophets sent by God. And now they were following in their fathers footsteps. Judgement would fall on that generation of Jewish leaders for the murder of God s righteous servants. They would have to account for the blood of all of them from Abel to Zechariah. The lawyers knew the Law of Moses well. But their knowledge had not brought them into the kingdom of God. Filled with this knowledge, they were completely lacking in righteousness. And they were even hindering those who were entering the Kingdom. Q 4 What were the lawyers doing that was a) right and worthy of praise? __________. b) wrong and worthy of rebuke? __________. Q 5 Judgement was coming to that generation of Jewish religious leaders. For what would they be judged? C. The Rich and Greedy Are Rebuked Jesus left the Pharisee s house to continue teaching the people. A certain man in the crowd asked Jesus for help. This man was in conflict with his brother about their father s inheritance. The man s brother had taken the entire inheritance after

their father died. Now, this man wanted Jesus to command his brother to share the inheritance. The Lord refused to become a part of this family conflict. Jesus told the man that He had not been appointed as a judge between the brothers. But He used this man s request as an opportunity to warn people about being greedy. He also rebuked those who covet wealth and possessions. A man s life does not consist in the abundance of his possessions (Lk 12:15). This must have sounded like a strange, new teaching to those two quarrelling brothers. The Lord then gave a parable to illustrate His truth. Jesus told the story of a certain rich man. This man was a farmer who reaped a very large harvest one year. The man did not have room to store all of his crops. So he decided to tear down his small barns and build larger ones. He would then be able to take life easy; eat, drink and be merry (Lk 12:19). But God called this rich man a fool. That very night, the man soon died and had to stand before God in judgement. He had none of his riches and crops with him then. All that he had worked for was given to others. Some people live only for themselves and are not rich toward God. Jesus said that such people are fools! Q 6 State in your own words Christ s rebuke of greedy people. Q 7 Describe a person who is a rich fool. II. Teachings about Prayer and Repentance Lk 11:5 13; 12:35 38 A. The Persistent Friend One day, Jesus had just finished praying. One of the disciples asked Him to teach them all how to pray. Jesus responded by giving them the pattern for prayer. We now call this the Lord s Prayer. He wanted His disciples to understand how important prayer was. Jesus also wanted them to know how important it was to be persistent in prayer. So He gave them a parable about a persistent friend. Christ told the story of a person who had just received an unexpected guest. The guest arrived around midnight. The home owner had no food in Chapter Fifteen Rebukes, Prayers, and Healings 113 his house to feed his guest. So he decided to go to his friend s home to ask for bread. But his friend refused to get up. It was late, and the friend and his

family were already in bed. Still, the man outside continued to knock, begging for his friend s help. The friend finally got up from his bed and gave the man what he wanted. This friend did not get up because of friendship. Rather, he got up because of the man s persistence. Jesus told His disciples that they should pray like this persistent man knocking at his friend s door. This teaching about persistent prayer applies to all believers. We must ask, seek, and knock. Jesus did not mean that God does not care about us or our needs. But God sometimes does delay His response in order to test our faith. Persistent prayer, prayed in faith, will receive an answer. We see this truth in Christ s parable of the persistent widow and unjust judge (Lk 18:1 8). Q 8 Define the word persistent in your own words. Briefly describe a time that you were persistent in any task. Q 9 How should Christ s disciples pray? God the Father is eager to answer the prayers of His children. Human parents like giving good gifts to their children. God is even more willing to give good gifts to His children. And the very best gift that God the Father could give is the Holy Spirit. God is eager to give the Spirit to those who ask Him. Q 10 What is the best gift God can give in response to our prayers? B. Pray and Watch for His Coming Jewish wedding customs allowed a bridegroom to come at any hour for his bride. He would then bring her back to his home for a wedding banquet. The bridegroom s servants would never know exactly when he was returning with his bride. Therefore, they had to stay ready to welcome him home. Christ used this custom to show the need to stay ready for His second coming. Faithful, watching servants will even be served then by their Master (Lk 12:37). His disciples will forever receive His love and mercy. Blessed indeed are the servants who are watching and ready for His return.

114 The Life of Christ Q 11 How can believers prepare for Christ s second coming? C. A Call for Repentant Prayer People brought a report to Jesus about the murders committed by wicked Pilate. Pilate had ordered that some people from Galilee be killed. They were murdered even while offering their sacrifices in the temple. This Roman governor had no respect for the temple nor for God. He mixed their blood with their sacrifices. The multitude knew that this was a terrible sin. They also believed that those who were killed must have been wicked sinners. Why else would they have died such terrible deaths? Jesus told the multitude that those dead Galileans were not worse sinners than other people. And the eighteen people who died when the tower of Siloam fell were not the worst of sinners. People do not die in accidents because their sins are greater than others. Yet eternal death waits for all people everywhere who do not repent of their sins. Jesus thus gave a strong warning to all men: pray and repent or perish. Q 12 Jesus said that people have only two choices in life: pray and __________, or re fuse to repent and __________. III. Healing for Two People Lk 13:10 17; 14:1 6 Our Lord s ministry was marked by many healings. Some of these are described in detail in the Gospels. Here we study Luke s record of the healing of a woman and a man. Both people were healed on a Sabbath day. A. A Crippled Woman Is Healed Jesus was again teaching in a synagogue on a Sabbath day. A crippled woman was there, bent over and unable to stand straight. Satan had bound her like that for eighteen years. The Lord was filled with compassion when He saw this helpless woman. He called her forward in front of the entire synagogue. He laid hands on her and commanded that she be set free. The woman immediately lifted herself up straight and began to praise God. Q 13 Why did Jesus heal the crippled woman?

This was a great miracle. But the rulers of the synagogue were angry. They could not even rejoice with this healed woman. Jesus had worked on the Sabbath day by healing her. In reply, He called these self-righteous Jewish leaders hypocrites. Both their reasoning and their values were wrong. Anyone in that synagogue would have given a thirsty animal water on the Sabbath. For Jesus, healing people was no harder work than helping a thirsty animal. And it was right for this daughter of Abraham to be set free on the Sabbath. The Sabbath day had not been abused by this miracle that brought praise to God. Q 14 Did Jesus break the Law of Moses by healing this woman? B. A Man Is Healed of Dropsy On another Sabbath day, Jesus was eating with an important Pharisee. Many other Pharisees were also guests there in the man s home. They were all watching the Lord carefully. The Pharisee hosting this meal had invited a sick man to eat with them. He did this to test Jesus, believing that Jesus might heal the man that day. The Pharisees could then claim that Jesus had broken the commandments that forbid work on the Sabbath. Jesus knew their thoughts. He asked them if it was legal to heal on the Sabbath. The Pharisees refused to answer. Jesus touched the man and healed him of dropsy. He then asked the Pharisees a personal question. Would they not be as kind to their own son? Or would they not even help an animal that had fallen into a well? Would they not help the boy or animal out of the well on the Sabbath day? Again, the Pharisees had nothing to say. They could not complain against Jesus for doing good on that day of rest. They would have done the same for any helpless person or animal. Q 15 The religious leaders would have more pity or compassion for __________ than for __________.

Chapter Fifteen Rebukes, Prayers, and Healings 115 Homework Q 16 Review Q 1 to Q 7. Then complete the following chart: person ..........what was rebuked? what did God really want? Martha .....................__________ __________ Pharisees ..................__________ __________ lawyers......................__________ __________ greedy people ...........__________ __________ Q 17 Summarise Christ s teachings about prayer, in reference to a) b) c) d) how to pray: __________. confidence in God to answer: __________. the best gift God can give: __________. what we are hoping for as we watch and pray: __________.

Class Discussion Q 18 Jesus told His disciples to watch and pray. How are these two actions watching and praying related? What does it really mean to watch ? Q 19 The Pharisees accused Jesus of working on the Sabbath day when He healed the sick. Is healing the sick a form of work for the person being used of God? Is praying for the sick ti ring? Explain. Q 20 What was the purpose or reason for the Sabbath-day commandments? (See Lev 23:3; Mt 12:8, 12.)

116 The Life of Christ

Chapter Sixteen Great Teachings of Christ Objectives State the great principle regarding humility and honour. Compare the cost of discipleship as Jesus taught it with your own practice of di scipleship. Summarise the value of the lost from three of Christ s parables. Chapter Outline I. The ambitious guests (Lk 14:7 15) A. Humility and honour B. A banquet for the poor II. The great banquet (Lk 14:16 24) III. Counting the cost (Lk 14:25 33) IV. Lost things (Mt 18:11 14; Lk 15:1 32) A. The lost sheep B. The lost coin C. The lost son V. The dishonest manager (Lk 16:1 17) Key Words banquet ............ The guests attending a banquet should not take the best sea ts. cost .................. True followers of Jesus are willing to pay the high cost of discipleship. counting........... Jesus told parables about counting the cost of following Him . humble............. It is better to be humble and then be exalted than to exalt yourself and then be humbled. humility ........... Humility is one of the principles of the kingdom of God. lost................... The parables of lost things teach us how much God loves sinners. I. The Ambitious Guests Lk 14:7 15 In Chapter Fifteen, we discussed Christ s visit in the home of an important Pharisee.1 While there, He healed a man with dropsy. He also taught those 1 See section III B in Chapter Fifteen. at this banquet about ambition and pride. This teaching session is recorded in the first half of Luke 14. Then He told a powerful, clear parable about the loving heart of God. A. Humility and Honour The Lord had noticed how the dinner guests acted as they arrived at the Pharisee s banquet. 117

118 The Life of Christ They did not wait for the host to seat them. They all wanted the seats of honour at the banquet. So they were seating themselves at the best places. But taking the most honoured seat was risky! If a more honoured guest arrived, the host might ask a person to move. That person would then have to leave his first seat in great embarrassment and shame. He would be forced to take the lowest seat at the banquet. Q 1 Why was there risk in taking the best seat at a banquet? Jesus taught the guests that they should be wise when they first arrive at a banquet. They would be much wiser to take a low seat first. Later, they might be honoured by being invited to take a higher seat. Jesus then stated an eternal truth based on this wisdom. He said, Everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, and he who humbles himself will be exalted (Lk 14:11). Q 2 What advice did Jesus give to those who wanted to receive honour? Q 3 State in your mother tongue the principle found in Lk 14:11. B. A Banquet for the Poor The Pharisee who was hosting this banquet1 had invited his friends to attend. Most were also Pharisees and lawyers. They were people in the same status in life as their host. Jesus condemned this custom of inviting only friends and rich neighbours to banquets. The purpose for inviting such people was selfish. The host only wanted to be invited to his guests homes for similar banquets in the future. There was no spiritual blessing in this even or balanced exchange. Jesus taught that it would be better to invite the poor, the crippled, the lame, and the blind. Such people would not be able to give banquets in return. They would not be able to repay the kindness shown to them. Jesus promised that God will repay such acts of unselfish kindness at the resurrection of the righteous (Lk 14:14). Q 4 Summarise the advice Jesus gave to rich Pharisees about inviting guests to dinner. 1 See footnote 1 above. Q 5 Who will repay acts of kindness and com

passion to the poor and needy? When will this happen? II. The Great Banquet Lk 14:16 24 A guest at the Pharisee s banquet must have been stirred by Christ s teachings. This man called out, Blessed is the man who will eat at the feast in the kingdom of God (Lk 14:15). Jesus told another parable in response to this truth. A certain rich man prepared a great banquet. He invited many people to come. But those who were invited all gave excuses for not attending. The host s servant reported these excuses to his master. The man became very angry. The banquet feast was ready, but there were no guests to enjoy it. The angry host sent out his servant to invite the poor and the crippled. The servant did so. Still, there was room for more guests, and the host wanted his house to be full. So he sent out his servant again to find more people who would come. The servant went wherever he could find people and made them come to the banquet. Jesus described the servant almost using force to get people to come. Q 6 Why was the host angry? Q 7 What did the host do to make his banquet a success? This parable shows God s great desire for people to accept His love and mercy. But it also reveals God s anger at those who reject His invitation. Jesus said that not one of the invited guests would enter the great man s house. He was speaking of those very religious leaders listening to His parable. Q 8 What two types of people are described in this parable? a) the __________ represent __________. b) the __________ represent __________. Q 9 What was the parable s main lesson?

III. Counting the Cost Lk 14:25 33 Jesus was always clear about what He required of His followers. He taught that He must hold the highest place in their lives. People s love for Him must be far greater than their love for their own family. His followers must love Him even more than they love their own lives. Anything that threatens their complete devotion to Him should be hated as an enemy. Christians must forsake all else to be His disciples. They must willingly carry their own cross and follow Him. Those listening to the Master knew this was a high price to pay. A commitment to Jesus was a serious and costly thing. Jesus urged people to count the cost of discipleship before making this commitment to follow Him. He then gave two illustrations of counting the cost. Q 10 List some things that Jesus required of His disciples. Christ s first illustration was of a man wanting to build a tower. The man should first estimate how much the tower will cost to build. Imagine the man starting to build with great excitement, but then running out of money. He would be filled with shame and regret. People would think that the man was a fool for starting what he could not finish. The second illustration pictured a king preparing for a war. A wise king would first count his men and compare his army with his enemy s army. He would not go to war if he thought he could not win. It would be foolish to enter battle against an army that was twice as strong as his own. Instead, the wise king would try to make peace with his stronger enemy. Jesus ended this teaching session with a strong, serious application. Every person who hears the gospel should consider its call to discipleship carefully and prayerfully. The Lord plainly stated, In the same way, any of you who does not give up everything he has cannot be my disciple (Lk 14:33). Q 11 What does counting the cost mean?

Q 12 Which man would be the biggest fool: Chapter Sixteen Great Teachings of Christ 119 a) one who never started to build a tower?

b) one who started to build and then had to stop? IV. Lost Things Mt 18:11 14; Lk 15:1 32 The Pharisees again confronted Jesus for spending time with tax collectors and sinners. He even ate with such immoral people! The Pharisees believed that a true man of God would never defile himself like that. (These leaders could not believe that Jesus saw them as the worst sinners of all!) In reply, Jesus told them three parables. Each story teaches how God viewed those lost tax collectors and sinners. A. The Lost Sheep A man with one hundred sheep would care about each one of them. Imagine one of the sheep straying from the flock and getting lost. The shepherd would leave the ninety-nine in safety. He would then go to look for the one lost sheep. The loving shepherd would search for it until he found it. Then he would joyfully carry it home with him. This shepherd would be happier with that one sheep than with the others safely at home. He would call his friends and neighbours to rejoice with him. They would celebrate and rejoice over the safe return of that one sheep. The Lord applied this story to spiritual reality. Heaven s angels rejoice more over one sinner who repents than over ninety-nine righteous people. God cares about lost people and He searches for them. He wants to bring them safely to His heavenly home. Q 13 Why did the shepherd go after the one sheep? B. The Lost Coin The woman in the second lost things parable owned ten pieces of silver. She would become greatly troubled if she lost even one of them. She would light a candle and sweep her whole house searching for it. The woman would look for it until she found it. Then she would call her friends and neighbours to celebrate and rejoice with her.

120 The Life of Christ Jesus again applied this story to heaven s reality. He said, There is rejoicing in the presence of the angels of God over one sinner who repents (Lk 15:10). God seeks for lost sinners and rejoices over their salvation. Q 14 The woman gave a party because of one coin. Was it more important than the other nine coins? Explain. Q 15 Angels in heaven react when a lost soul re pents. a) What do they do? __________. b) Why do they do this? __________. C. The Lost Son The story of the lost or prodigal son is one of Christ s best known parables. He told it to illustrate God s love for the lost. It is so effective because it pictures clearly a father s love for his own son. A certain man had two sons. The younger son wanted to leave home. He was tired of living under his father s authority. This son asked his father to give him his share of the inheritance. The father agreed to do this. And so, this wealthy, foolish young man left his home and family. It was not long before the young man had wasted all of his inheritance. He became a servant in another man s farm. His was forced to live in poverty, hunger, and shame. Even the pigs he fed lived better than he did! After some time, this young man came to his senses (Lk 15:17). He repented of his rebellion and greed. He decided to go home. This prodigal son decided to humble himself before his father. He would beg to be only a servant in his father s house. Perhaps his father would accept him back as a servant. The father still loved his son. He rejoiced greatly when he saw the young man coming home. This man would not allow his son to be only a servant. He restored the young man to full status as his own son. He even made a great feast to celebrate the boy s return.

So it is with our heavenly Father when a sinner repents. He welcomes the prodigal into His heavenly home. There is a great celebration in heaven whenever a sinner turns to God. Q 16 What does this parable tell us about the nature of God? Jesus also included the reaction of the older brother in this parable. The older brother had been faithful to his father and to the work given to him. This older son apparently did not love his younger brother. He was happy when his younger brother left. Now, he was sad that his brother had returned. The prodigal son was receiving all of the attention from his father and the guests. The older son felt jealous and left out. Yet the father was patient with his faithful, hard-working son. All that the father owned was now his. The father wanted his son to join the banquet and rejoice. Jesus was saying that the Pharisees were acting like this older son. They should have been rejoicing that salvation was coming to sinners in Israel. They should have rejoiced because the heavenly Father and His angels were rejoicing. Q 17 Who was represented by the older son in this parable? Q 18 How did the Jewish religious leaders feel about sinners? V. The Dishonest Manager Lk 16:1 17 Our Lord had much to teach His disciples. The proper use of money was important for His followers. He told a parable of a dishonest manager to illustrate His thoughts about money. A certain manager was hired by a rich man to care for the rich man s goods. Later, the rich man began to think that the manager was cheating him. The manager knew that he was going to lose his job. So he began to prepare for his future. He used his position to give large discounts to those who owed money to the rich man. This manager wanted these people to become his friends. They might receive him into their homes when he lost his job. Jesus said that the rich man would praise his dishonest manager for being clever. The manager was very shrewd with his master s money and debtors. Jesus noted that the people of this world

Chapter Sixteen Great Teachings of Christ 121 are shrewd with money and business. They are often more clever than are the people of God. Q 19 Who did Jesus say was the most shrewd and clever: sinners or believers? What was the point of this unusual parable? Jesus warned that His disciples would some day give an account for their stewardship. His followers should plan for that day. They should use wisely the money, time and abilities given to them by God. Whoever can be trusted with very little can also be trusted with much, and whoever is dishonest with very little will also be dishonest with much. So if you have not been trustworthy in handling worldly wealth, who will trust you with true riches? And if you have not been trustworthy with someone else s property, who will give you property of your own? (Lk 16:10 12) Believers must try to change money into something of eternal value. Christ taught that they should not store up treasure on earth. Instead, they should use earthly wealth to buy heavenly treasure. Their use of money should bring glory to God. This would then qualify them to be faithful, honest mangers of earthly and heavenly treasure. Q 20 What should believers do with money? Finally, Jesus warned His disciples about the danger of loving money. Human values are often opposed to God s standards. This is very true concerning money. Christ s followers must live according to God s standards, rejecting the view of the world. Money should be used wisely and honestly. But Christ s followers must never love it. Q 21 What did Jesus warn His disciples about?

122 The Life of Christ Homework Q 22 to Q 24: Review Q 5 to Q 9. Jesus told the Pharisees they should invite the poor, lame, etc. to their banquets, instead of their wealthy friends. Then He told a parable about a host giving a banquet. In the next three questions, compare this teaching with the parable. Q 22 Who were the lame, sick, and poor in the parable? Q 23 Who were the invited guests in the parable? Q 24 Who was the rich man giving the banquet in the parable? Q 25 Review Lk 14:11. State in at least two languages the great principle of humility and honour. Q 26 Review Q 10. Prayerfully compare the requirements for discipleship with your own behaviour as a fol lower of Jesus. Are there areas of your life in which you fall short of Christ s s tandard? If so, commit these areas to the Lord in prayer. Class Discussion Q 27 Should believers try to be clever or shrewd in business matters? Explain. Q 28 Are sinners who find salvation more important, or of greater value, than long-ti me believers? Explain. Q 29 Jesus wanted unbelievers to count the cost before deciding to follow Him. Is counti ng the cost a part of most evangelistic messages to the lost? Name some ways that the lost should c ount the cost of becoming a Christian.

Chapter Seventeen Two Men Named Lazarus Objectives Identify the truth taught in the story of Lazarus and the rich man. Explain the reason Jesus did not heal Lazarus before he died. Describe the impact of Lazarus resurrection upon those who watched it. Chapter Outline I. The rich man and Lazarus (Lk 16:19 31) II. Instructions to His disciples (Lk 17:1 10) III. Lazarus raised from the dead (Jn 11:1 46) A. The delay in Perea B. Martha s faith in Christ C. The resurrection miracle D. The plot to kill Jesus Key Words faith ................. We cannot enter the kingdom of God without faith in Chri st. forgive ............. Christians must always be willing to forgive those who off end them. hell................... Jesus often taught about the terrors of hell. Paradise ........... Paradise is where Jesus is. raised ............... Mary and Martha s brother was raised from the dead. Resurrection .... Paul taught that the Resurrection will occur in a moment s time.

I. The Rich Man and Lazarus Lk 16:19 31 The story of the rich man and Lazarus is unlike Christ s other parables. Jesus did not give names to the people in His parables. But He named one of the men in this story. Some Bible scholars believe that this was the story of two real men. Lazarus was a helpless beggar. He was carried each day to a rich man s gate. There, he begged for food from the rich man s table. One day, Lazarus died and was carried by angels to Abraham in Paradise. Later, the rich man also died. His soul went to hell (Hades), where he was in torment. Jesus said that the rich man was able to talk with Abraham, and he asked Abraham for help. The rich man wanted Lazarus to bring him just one drop of water for his tongue. Abraham said that he could not grant this request. Abraham reminded this man of how he had lived while on earth. The rich man had everything he wanted while living. But Lazarus had suffered during his life. Now Lazarus was being comforted. This was God s

justice. Also, there was a 123

great chasm

between

124 The Life of Christ Paradise and hell. This chasm made it impossible for Lazarus to go to the rich man. Q 1 What did the rich man experience in hell? Q 2 What divides Paradise from hell? In his torment, the rich man voiced another request to Abraham: Send Lazarus to my father s house, for I have five brothers. Let him warn them, so that they will not also come to this place of torment. (Lk 16:27 28) Abraham replied that his brothers had the witness of Moses and the Prophets. In reply, the rich man argued that his brothers might listen if someone came back from the dead. Abraham corrected the man s false belief. Those who do not listen to Moses and the Prophets will not listen to anyone. They will not listen, even if someone rises from the dead! Another man named Lazarus, Mary and Martha s brother, was raised from the dead.1 This miracle did not cause many to repent. Instead, it only hardened the hearts of those unbelieving Jews who hated Jesus. Q 3 The Jews reacted in anger and hatred to the resurrection of Lazarus (Jn 11:45 53). What truth do we see in their reaction? The Lord knew everything about heaven and hell. He often warned His listeners about the torment of hell. Christ told His followers to store their treasure in heaven, not on earth. Lazarus was a poor beggar on earth. But he was rich in heaven. In contrast, the rich man was poor in hell. He was so poor, in fact, he could not even get a drop of water. All who hear God s Word have been warned. Q 4 How poor did the rich man become in hell? II. Instructions to His Disciples Lk 17:1 10

Things happen in life that cause people to sin. But it is dangerous to be the one who causes others 1 See section III in this chapter. to sin. Jesus said that those who make little children sin face a terrible punishment. Thus, His followers must try to avoid offending or tempting others. The Lord warned His disciples: So watch yourselves (17:3). What should believers do when offended or tempted by others? Jesus clearly said that His followers must always be ready to forgive. They must forgive the same offending person again and again. No offence is so great or so often repeated that it cannot be forgiven. Q 5 State in your own words Christ s teaching about forgiveness. The disciples were troubled by these words from the Master. They must have thought that it was impossible to forgive someone constantly and repeatedly. So they asked the Lord for help: Increase our faith (17:5). Jesus assured them that their request was a good one. Faith is very powerful, even in small amounts. In fact, faith the size of a tiny mustard seed would give them great power. With such faith, they could command a tree to be picked up and planted in the sea. Faith creates great spiritual power. But this power is not the goal of Christ s followers. God gives power through faith so believers can be better servants. Jesus illustrated this truth by describing a servant working on a farm. The servant would work all day in the fields. He would then return to the master s house at night. This servant would not expect his master to serve him a meal, as if he were a guest. No! The servant would first prepare a meal for his master. Later, the servant would eat and drink only after his master had been served. This type of service from a servant was normal. The master would not need to thank the servant for being a servant. The servant s duty was to serve his master. Jesus then applied this teaching to His disciples. He said: So you also, when you have done everything you were told to do, should say, We are un worthy servants; we have only done our duty. (Lk 17:10)

Q 6 Explain this statement: Power is not the goal of Christ s followers.

Q 7 Whom did Jesus call Lk 17:10?

unworthy servants in

III. Lazarus Raised from the Dead Jn 11:1 46 This study of the life of Christ has focused on the Synoptic Gospels.1 The Gospel of John differs from the first three Gospels in many ways. The resurrection of Lazarus is recorded only in John s Gospel. This story is very important in the life of Christ. It explains why the Jews were so committed to killing Jesus. A. The Delay in Perea Jesus and His disciples were ministering in Perea2 on the east side of the Jordan River. They had visited Mary, Martha, and Lazarus in Bethany not long before going to Perea. Lazarus became very sick shortly after Jesus left. Mary and Martha sent an urgent message to Jesus. They wanted Him to come back immediately to heal their brother Lazarus. The Lord told His disciples that this sickness would not end in death. Rather, Lazarus sickness would bring glory to God. Jesus would also be glorified by it. And so He stayed two more days in Perea before starting for Bethany, near Jerusalem. The Jews had tried to stone Jesus the last time He was in Jerusalem. The disciples reminded Him of this as they began walking. Jesus told them He knew what He was doing, for He was walking in the light. Then the Lord plainly told His disciples that Lazarus was dead. However, He said that He was glad He had not been in Bethany. His disciples would come to believe in Him even more because of this delay. Q 8 Jesus was glad He had not been in Bethany when Lazarus was dying. Explain this. B. Martha s Faith in Christ Lazarus was dead and buried when they finally arrived at Mary and Martha s home. Everyone was in mourning. Martha came out to meet the Lord 1 Matthew, Mark, Luke. 2 See the map in Appendix A. Chapter Seventeen Two Men Named Lazarus 125 before He entered her house. She told Him that her brother was dead. In response, Jesus told her that Lazarus would rise again. Martha thought Jesus was speaking of the Resurrection at the last day. She had enough faith to believe in that future

Resurrection. But Jesus told her about the present: I am the resurrection and the life. He who believes in me will live, even though he dies (Jn 11:25). Q 9 State in your mother tongue how Jesus described himself to Martha. (See Jn 11:25.) Martha told the Lord that her brother would not have died if He had been there. That was faith in the past. Then she confessed her faith in the resurrection of the dead. That was faith in the future. But Jesus wanted her faith in Him in the present moment. She responded by declaring her faith in Him as the Anointed Messiah. Q 10 What did Jesus want from Martha? Mary then joined Jesus and Martha, and they all walked to the tomb. Jesus was deeply affected by their sorrow and grief; He cried with them. Then He ordered the stone over the tomb to be rolled away. Martha reminded Jesus that her brother had been dead for four days. But Jesus reminded her of what He had just told her: Did I not tell you that if you believed, you would see the glory of God? (11:40). C. The Resurrection Miracle The stone was rolled away. Jesus then prayed to His Father. He prayed aloud so people there that day would believe that He was sent by God. Jesus wanted His Father to be glorified by this miracle. He then called out in a loud voice: Lazarus, come out! (11:43). That voice will one day call all of the dead to come out of the grave. This will happen at the end of this present age (Jn 5:28). But on that day, only Lazarus was called. And Lazarus answered His call! This resurrection was proof of Christ s power and deity. He was the Anointed One for whom Israel had been trusting. Q 11 Name at least four reasons Jesus raised Lazarus from the dead: a) __________. b) __________. c) __________. d) __________.

126 The Life of Christ D. The Plot to Kill Jesus This great miracle caused many who were there to believe in Jesus. However, others who saw Lazarus come back to life would never believe. Like the rich man s brothers, they would not believe, even if someone rises from the dead (Lk 16:31).1 These unbelievers reported to the Pharisees what Jesus had done. The Pharisees knew that this was the greatest miracle Jesus had performed. They were afraid of His spiritual power. And the common people loved and followed Him. What if all of the people turned to Him as their Leader? The Pharisees feared that the Roman army would totally destroy their nation if this happened. They also feared that they would lose their own place of power, respect, and authority. Their own positions of religious authority were more important to them than the coming of their Messiah. Q 12 We see two reactions by people who watched the resurrection of Lazarus. What were they? a) __________. b) _________. Q 13 Name four reasons the Pharisees feared Jesus: a) __________. b) __________. c) __________. d) __________. These Jewish leaders decided Jesus must be killed. But a strange thing happened as they talked about this. Caiaphas, the high priest, made a most unusual statement: You know nothing at all! You do not realize that it is better for you that one man die for the people than that the whole nation perish. (Jn 11:49 50)

Caiaphas did not know that he said this as a prophecy from God. This was a clear statement that Jesus death would be a substitute for the sins of the nation. The apostle John added: And not only for that nation but also for the scattered children of God, to bring them together and make them one (Jn 11:52). Q 14 State in your own words the meaning of Caiaphas prophecy. The Pharisees had decided that they must kill the Lord as soon as possible. The Passover was near. This might give them the chance they needed to take Him. The death of the Lamb of God the ultimate Passover Sacrifice was near. 1 See section I in this chapter.

Chapter Seventeen Two Men Named Lazarus 127 Homework Q 15 Review Q 9 and Q 10. Also read Jn 11:1 17. Then complete the following chart regarding Martha s faith. We can find two statements of her present faith in these verses. time verse her statement of faith past..............____ __________. future ..........____ __________. present ........____ __________, __________. Q 16 to Q 17: Many people benefited spiritually from watching the resurrection o f Lazarus. Q 16 Name as many of them as you can. Q 17 Who received glory from this mighty miracle? a) __________. b) __________. Class Discussion Q 18 Caiaphas the high priest prophesied without knowing it. Do such things happen in the church today? Would such a prophecy benefit or bless the church? (See 1Co 14:5.) Q 19 Why was the resurrection of Lazarus such a threat to the Jewish leaders? Q 20 The rich man went to hell while poor Lazarus went to Paradise. Do all rich peopl e go to hell? Do any of them ever listen to (and believe) the gospel? Q 21 Did Jesus teach that all poor beggars go to heaven? Explain. Q 22 How can people watch a miracle happen and still not believe in Jesus? What does this mean for those preachers who want to be known as great miracle-workers?

128 The Life of Christ

Chapter Eighteen On the Road to Jerusalem Objectives Describe what people must do in order to enter the kingdom of God. Contrast the attitudes of the Pharisee and the tax collector in Christ s parable. Explain Christ s position on divorce and remarriage. Chapter Outline I. The start of His last trip to Jerusalem (Lk 9:51 56) II. Teaching and blessing on the road (Mt 19:3 15; Mk 10:2 16; Lk 13:22 30; 16:18; 18: 9 17) A. Entering the kingdom of God B. The Pharisee and the tax collector C. Marriage and divorce D. Children in the kingdom of God Key Words children............ Parents brought their children to Jesus so He could bless t hem. divorce............. Divorce was never a part of God s plan for mankind. enter................. People cannot enter heaven without faith in Christ. Jerusalem......... Jesus was determined to reach Jerusalem before the Passover. kingdom .......... The kingdom of God is led by servants. marriage........... Marriage for Christians must be for a lifetime. tax collector..... The tax collector went home justified by faith after he repen ted before God. I. The Start of His Last Trip to Jerusalem Lk 9:51 56 The religious leaders in Jerusalem had decided to kill Jesus.1 They were threatened by the great power He displayed when raising Lazarus from the dead. Jesus knew they wanted to kill Him. So He went from Bethany to stay a village called 1 See section III in Chapter Seventeen. Ephraim.2 He no longer had public ministry among the Jews. Jesus and the disciples stayed in Ephraim until the Passover was near. Christ knew that the coming Passover would be the great climax of His life. He also knew what would happen to Him in Jerusalem. But nothing could delay nor defeat Him: Jesus resolutely set out for Jerusalem (Lk 9:51). He was determined to offer himself for the sins of the world. 2 See the map in Appendix A. 129

130 The Life of Christ Q 1 Why did Jesus stop having public or open ministry among the Jews? Q 2 What was Jesus determined to do at this time in His life? The Lord sent messengers ahead to prepare a place for Him to stay. He had to go through Samaria. But there was no love between the Jews and Samaritans. In fact, the Samaritans in one village refused to welcome them. They did not want to help any Jew travelling to Jerusalem for the Passover. The disciples were greatly offended by these uncaring Samaritans. James and John were called the sons of thunder. Their angry response to those Samaritans was loud and threatening, just like thunder. They wanted to call down fire from heaven on that village. The prophet Elijah had done this long ago, and James and John wanted to try it also. These two disciples clearly had faith. But they also had a problem with anger. Jesus rebuked them for their desire to kill. He and the Twelve then walked on to another village where they were welcomed. Q 3 Did Jesus rebuke James and John for having great faith? Explain. II. Teaching and Blessing on the Road Mt 19:3 15; Mk 10:2 16; Lk 13:22 30; 16:18; 18:9 17 A. Entering the Kingdom of God Jesus and His followers continued their trip to Jerusalem. Someone asked Him a question as they walked along: Lord, are only a few people going to be saved? (Lk 13:23). Jesus replied that many people will try to enter the Kingdom. However, most will not be able to do so. God will reject them because they are not spiritually qualified. These rejected people will argue with the Lord. They will say that they had seen the Christ and had heard Him teach. But these unbelievers will one day hear Jesus tell them, I don t know you or where you come from. Away from me, all you evildoers! (Lk 13:27). Entering heaven takes more than just seeing Christ or serving Him a meal. Remember the Pharisees who invited Jesus to have a meal with them. How many of these men found salvation by inviting Jesus to eat and drink in their

homes? Perhaps none! Q 4 One of the disciples asked, Lord, are only a

few people going to be saved? What was the answer? Jesus continued His teaching about salvation. All of the prophets and spiritual fathers of Israel will be in the kingdom of God. And many will come from other parts of the world to enter that Kingdom. But those unbelieving Jews will be thrown out. Jesus was looking forward to the time when the Gentiles would receive the gospel. Those who believe in faith will become one great spiritual Body from every race and culture (Eph 2:11 18). This includes both Jews and Gentiles. The Jews were the first to receive God s good news. But they will be the last to enter the kingdom of God. Q 5 to Q 6: Answer the following two questions in reference to the kingdom of God. Q 5 Regarding people being there, a) who will be included? __________. b) who will be thrown out? __________. Q 6 Regarding the timing of people entering, a) who will be the first to enter? __________. b) who will be the last to enter? __________. B. The Pharisee and the Tax Collector Jesus told the following story while talking with some Pharisees. A Pharisee and a tax collector were praying in the temple one day. The Pharisee was boasting to God about his many good deeds and moral purity. He was very religious and faithful to his Jewish form of worship. The tax collector was not at all like the Pharisee. He had nothing to boast about in prayer. This man knew he was a wicked sinner; he felt great sorrow for his sins. The tax collector prayed only that God would be merciful to him. Q 7 What did the Pharisee feel while praying? Q 8 What did the tax collector feel while praying?

The difference between these two men was great. The Pharisee stood and looked toward

Chapter 19 Greatness in the Kingdom 131 heaven. In contrast, the tax collector bowed his head down before Almighty God. The Pharisee boasted of good deeds, while the tax collector begged for mercy. The Pharisee was filled with pride, but the tax collector humbled himself before God. And the Pharisee went home unchanged. However, the tax collector went home justified before God. Jesus then stated a great truth about the Kingdom. He said, Everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, and he who humbles himself will be exalted (Lk 18:14). Q 9 State in your mother tongue the main truth presented in the parable in Luke 18:14. Q 10 Imagine being a Pharisee listening to this parable. How would you feel? Explain. C. Marriage and Divorce The Pharisees again came to test Jesus. They asked if it was lawful for a man to divorce his wife. Jesus answered them from the Book of Genesis. He described God s first plan for man and woman. God created human beings as male and female. Jesus then quoted from Genesis 2:24: For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and the two will become one flesh (Mt 19:5). The Lord then answered the Pharisees question: man should not rip apart what God has joined together. Jesus taught that one man and one woman should live together as husband and wife. They should stay united as long as they both live. The Pharisees then asked why the Law allowed for divorce. Jesus replied that Moses allowed divorce because of men s hard hearts. However, divorce was never God s plan for mankind. The Lord then gave His strongest warning about divorce. He said, Anyone who divorces his wife, except for marital unfaithfulness, and marries another woman commits adultery (Mt 19:9). The only acceptable cause for divorce is sexual unfaithfulness.1 Most Bible scholars believe that fornication refers to repeated sexual immorality. Jesus never encouraged divorce. But He noted that sexual unfaithfulness can become a terrible habit. This pattern of repeated immorality may make divorce necessary. Jesus certainly did not encourage remarriage after a divorce. Those who remarry

after a divorce commit adultery. Q 11 What did Jesus teach about marriage? Q 12 What did Jesus teach about divorce? Q 13 Under what condition is someone guilty of adultery? D. Children in the Kingdom of God The ones who are hurt most by divorce are the children. Parents were bringing their little children to Jesus so He would bless them. This happened after He taught about divorce and marriage. His disciples tried to keep the children from bothering Him. But Jesus loved children. He rebuked the disciples for rebuking those who were bringing the children. Then He put His hands on the children and blessed them. Christ then used these children to help Him make a teaching point. The only way to enter the kingdom of God is to be humble. Those who are willing to become like a humble little child can enter the Kingdom. But those who are filled with pride will never be allowed to enter. Q 14 Why did Jesus rebuke His disciples? Q 15 How can people enter the kingdom of God? 1 Compare Mt 19:9 with Mt 5:31 32; Ro 7:1 3; and 1Co 7:11, 39.

132 The Life of Christ Homework Q 16 Answer Q 5 in reference to the Pharisee and the tax collector in Christ s parable. a) Who will be included? __________. b) Who will be thrown out? __________. Q 17 Compare the little child in section II.D with the tax collector in section II.B. a) How were they alike? __________. b) What would be their future? __________. Q 18 Compare the evildoers in section II.A with the Pharisee in section II.B. a) How were they alike? __________. b) What would be their future? __________. Class Discussion Q 19 Summarise what a pastor should preach and teach concerning a) how God sees marriage: __________. b) divorce: __________. c) remarriage following a divorce: __________. Q 20 Some people are joined in marriage outside of a church. Does God accept such mar riages? Should the church accept such marriages? Explain. Q 21 Some long-time believers in church seem to act like the Pharisee in Christ s parab le (section II.B). What should a pastor do with such people?

Chapter Nineteen Greatness in the Kingdom Objectives Explain why Jesus told the rich young ruler to sell everything and give the mone y to the poor. Summarise Christ s promise to those who leave all to follow Him. Describe the person who is the greatest in the kingdom of God. Chapter Outline I. Invitations to greatness (Mt 19:16 30; Mk 10:17 31; Lk 18:18 30; 22:28 30) A. Invitation to a rich young ruler B. The disciples place in the Kingdom C. Invitation to workers in the vineyard II. Who is the greatest? (Mt 20:20 28; Mk 10:35 45; Lk 22:24 27) A. James and John want greatness B. Ten disciples want greatness III. Great faith in action (Mt 20:29 34; Mk 10:46 52; Lk 18:35 to 19:10) A. Two blind men B. Zacchaeus IV. Greatness comes by faithfulness (Lk 19:11 28) A. Three servants are tested B. The lesson about faithfulness V. Greatness comes by sacrifice (Mt 26:6 13; Mk 14:3 9) Key Words disciples........... Christ s disciples will one day rule the tribes of Israel. faith ................. The only way to please God is by faith. greatest ............ The greatest in the Kingdom is the servant of all. greatness.......... Spiritual greatness comes by spiritual service. rich .................. Rich people have difficulty in humbling themselves and t rusting God. 133

134 The Life of Christ I. Invitations to Greatness Mt 19:16 30; Mk 10:17 31; Lk 18:18 30; 22:28 30 A. Invitation to a Rich Young Ruler A certain young man came to Jesus with an important personal question. He asked, Good teacher . . . what must I do to inherit eternal life? (Mk 10:17). This man was very serious about this question. Mark s Gospel records that he ran to Jesus and fell at His feet. Many religious leaders came to Jesus to test Him with hard questions. None of them ever humbled himself like this young man did. Jesus first wanted to know why the young man had called Him good. Only God is good! Was he saying that Jesus was God? Did this young man believe that Jesus was the Son of God? The Lord may have been testing the man s faith in Him. Jesus then began to answer the man s question. First, He asked if the young man kept the Old Testament commandments. The man answered that he had kept the commandments since he was a youth. This certainly gave him moral and legal righteousness. Yet this young man knew that something was missing in his life. Righteousness based upon the Law could not bring peace to his soul. Q 1 Describe the rich young ruler as he came to Jesus. Christ then told the man that one thing was lacking in his life. No one can inherit eternal life based only upon a legal righteousness. This man needed to accept Jesus as his Lord and follow Him. He needed to surrender all to Christ. Jesus knew how much this young man loved his wealth. But only God is worthy of that much love. Jesus told him that he must sell everything he owned. Then he must give the money away to the poor. Only then would this fine young man be truly free to follow Christ. Only then would he have treasure in heaven. This was the only way for him to have eternal life. Q 2 How is it possible to have treasure in heaven? Great sadness filled this man s heart. Jesus had asked too much of him. The young ruler turned

away from the Saviour. He walked away to return to his riches and the Law. Jesus loved this young man, but would not lower the discipleship standard for him. The kingdom of God and eternal life require total surrender to Jesus. Rich people cannot easily enter the kingdom of God. They naturally tend to trust in their wealth instead of in God. Jesus stated, It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God (Mk 10:25). The disciples were totally amazed by this teaching. They began to think that no one can be saved. And they were right! No one can be saved by his own effort or wealth. But Jesus encouraged them with these words: With man this is impossible, but. . . . all things are possible with God (Mk 10:27). Q 3 Why is it hard for rich people to enter the kingdom of God? B. The Disciples Place in the Kingdom This teaching about riches troubled the disciples. Peter stated their common fear to the Lord. He and the other disciples had forsaken all to follow Jesus. They had done what He had just told the rich young man to do. So Peter asked, What then will there be for us? (Mt 19:27). The Lord encouraged all of His disciples. They had done everything He required. They had left their families and possessions to follow Him. He had become the Lord of their lives. Now Jesus could promise them what their future would be. His disciples would sit on twelve thrones near His own glorious throne. They would eat and drink at Christ s table in God s kingdom. And these humble men would even judge the twelve tribes of Israel! Q 4 What reward is Jesus going to give the Twelve? Jesus promised His disciples great blessings in the kingdom of God. But what of His other followers? Jesus promised much to those who give up family and possessions for His sake. Such faithful believers will be rewarded in this life. They will receive back many times as much in this age (Lk 18:30). But the greatest blessing will be eternal life in the age to come.

Chapter Nineteen Greatness in the Kingdom 135 Q 5 What reward awaits Christ s faithful follow ers a) in this age? __________. b) in the future? __________. C. Invitation to Workers in the Vineyard Jesus had just finished talking about the rewards waiting for those who are faithful. He then told a parable about rewards and work. A certain landowner went early one morning to hire men to work in his vineyard. He and the men all agreed on the wage for the day s work. Then he sent these hired men to work for him. Later, this landowner saw that he needed more workers. So he went to hire others. In fact, he did this four times throughout that day. Each time, he found more men who were willing to work. The landowner hired the last workers just one hour before sunset. He promised only to pay them what was right, and immediately sent them to his vineyard. All of the workers were paid at the end of the day. The landowner paid each worker the same amount: a full day s pay. Even those who worked only one hour received full pay. Seeing this, those who had worked all day became angry. They argued that they should have received more. They did not believe that the landowner was fair with them. The landowner reminded those first-hired men of their agreement that morning. He had paid them what he had promised to pay them. They had all agreed early that morning that the pay was fair. The landowner was free to pay the other workers whatever he wanted. It was his money and his vineyard! He had a right to be generous if he chose to be (Mt 20:15). The lesson of this parable is that God is fair with all who work for Him. His reward to all is just. No one has the right to complain. It does not matter if a worker has worked much or little. The attitude of those who work for God must be right. The men who were hired last were not at fault for not working more. No one had hired them earlier. Thus, God will judge every person s motive and opportunities. And God s judgement will be just! Q 6

Why did some workers think the landowner was not fair? Q 7 State in your own words the main lesson of the parable of the fair landowner. II. Who Is the Greatest? Mt 20:20 28; Mk 10:35 45; Lk 22:24 27 A. James and John Want Greatness Jesus had just warned His disciples that He was going to die in Jerusalem. He had told them this before, but they still did not want to hear it. James and John were two of Christ s closest disciples and friends. Yet even they did not understand the importance of His coming death. These two brothers wanted a much different future for Jesus and for themselves! They still held the Jewish belief in an all-powerful Messiah. And they wanted to be close to such a leader. Their hearts were filled with pride and ambition. The mother of James and John brought their selfish request to Jesus. She asked Jesus to let her sons sit next to Him when He came into His glory. Jesus told them that they did not know what they were asking for. James and John were wanting a place of power and authority. They were expecting an earthly kingdom. But His kingdom is a spiritual one. Our entrance into that Kingdom cost Jesus His life on the Cross. The Lord asked these two ambitious disciples a hard question. Were they willing to join Him in His suffering? He asked, Can you drink the cup I drink or be baptized with the baptism I am baptized with? (Mk 10:38). They quickly answered that they could. These men did not understand the suffering this cup and baptism would bring to them. Jesus then predicted their future. James and John would indeed drink from His cup of suffering. And they would be baptised with His baptism of death. Still, He could not give them what they were wanting. Jesus could not choose who would sit near Him in the kingdom of God. God the Father alone will make that choice. He will decide who is worthy of that honour. Q 8 How were James and John like their mother? Q 9 What was the baptism in Mk 10:38? that Christ spoke of

136 The Life of Christ Q 10 What would happen to James and John? B. Ten Disciples Want Greatness James and John were not the only disciples who were filled with ambition. The other ten disciples also wanted to be the greatest. Now they were angry with James and John. Perhaps these ten had also wanted to ask Jesus for the same honour. So they started arguing about who was the greatest disciple. Jesus stopped their argument by teaching them about true greatness. Greatness in the kingdom of God is totally different than greatness in the world s system. Human leaders have great power over their followers. These rulers lord it over them (Mk 10:42). But it must not be that way with Christ s followers. Servants not masters are the greatest in the kingdom of God. Jesus said, Whoever wants to be first must be slave of all (Mk 10:44). Jesus had not come to lord it over people. His kingdom was not a rule of selfish power. And He did not come to be served by others. Instead, our Lord came to minister and to give His life for many. He is the best example of true greatness in the kingdom of God. Q 11 Why were the disciples arguing among themselves? Q 12 Who is the greatest in Christ s kingdom? III. Great Faith in Action Mt 20:29 34; Mk 10:46 52; Lk 18:35 to 19:10 The Lord chose to go through Jericho while travelling to Jerusalem. Three men were going to be changed by this visit to Jericho. Bartimaeus and another man were both healed of blindness. And Zacchaeus, a tax collector, was saved, and his life was completely changed. A. Two Blind Men Bartimaeus and his friend were begging for money by the roadside. Those in the passing crowd told them that Jesus was walking by. Bartimaeus suddenly believed there was hope for them. He began crying out to Jesus as loudly as he could. Bartimaeus begged for mercy from the Lord. Jesus heard this cry for help and called for the

two blind men. He asked them what they wanted from Him. Lord, they answered, we want to see (Mt 20:33). The Lord had compassion on them. He touched their eyes and immediately they could see. These men then began to follow Jesus, giving glory and praise to God. The crowd joined them in praising God when they saw this great miracle. Q 13 How did the blind men show their faith? B. Zacchaeus Zacchaeus was the chief tax collector in Jericho. He was very rich in terms of money. But he was poor in his soul. He must have been spiritually hungry as Jesus passed through Jericho. Zacchaeus had to work hard just to see Jesus. This tax collector was a short man. He could not see Jesus because of the crowd of people. So Zacchaeus ran ahead of the crowd and climbed a tree to get a better look. He could see Jesus then. But Jesus could also see him! The Lord called to Zacchaeus to climb down from the tree. He wanted to come to this sinful man s house for a meal. Zacchaeus eagerly welcomed the Lord and His disciples into his home. The crowd was amazed that Jesus would fellowship with such a hated man.1 But Jesus loved sinners. Matthew had once been a tax collector, but now he was a new man. Zacchaeus was also becoming a new man that day. The Lord loved and accepted this man. Zacchaeus responded by promising to repay everyone he had cheated. He also promised to start giving to the poor. Jesus replied that salvation had come to that house. He had come to find lost people just like Zacchaeus: For the Son of man came to seek and to save what was lost (Lk 19:10). Q 14 In what way was Zacchaeus like the rich young ruler? (See section I.A.) Q 15 In what way was Zacchaeus different than the rich young ruler? 1 See section II.A in Chapter Eight.

Chapter Nineteen Greatness in the Kingdom 137 IV. Greatness Comes by Faithfulness Lk 19:11 28 Jesus was coming closer to Jerusalem. The people were thinking He would soon set up His powerful kingdom as the Messiah. The Lord wanted to correct this false belief. So He told them a parable about the true nature of the kingdom of God. A. Three Servants Are Tested A certain man of noble birth went to another country to become a king. Later, the king returned to his own country. In this parable, Jesus was predicting His own future. He first had to go to heaven to prepare His kingdom. Only later will He return to set up His kingdom on earth. Before leaving, this future king gave some money to ten of his servants. He told them to trade with the ten minas until he returned. The man returned home some time later as a king. He then called his servants before him. The king wanted a report on what they had done with his money. Some of his servants were better investors than others. One man had earned ten minas from the one given to him. Another servant had gained five minas from investing the money. These faithful servants became great men in the king s new kingdom. They were each given a certain amount of authority, based on their ability. One servant was different than these first two faithful men. He returned to the king only the one mina that he had been given. He had not traded with the money given to him. This foolish servant feared the king. He also feared losing the one mina he had. So he simply hid the mina and did nothing! The king was angry with this lazy, fearful servant. He did not want such people in his kingdom. So the king took the money from that worthless servant. He then gave the one mina to the man who had earned ten minas. Q 16 In what ways was the third servant different than the first two? Q 17 How does God react to lazy, fearful believers? B. The Lesson about Faithfulness Jesus used the parable described in the section above to teach about His future kingdom. He will

return to earth as King of kings. He will then call all of His followers before Him. They will give an account for their use of all that the Lord gave them. He will give eternal rewards to those who faithfully build the kingdom of God. But those who are faithless and fearful will receive nothing from the Lord. The Lord then described the future of those who rebelled against Him (see Lk 19:14). Their punishment will be terrible. They will be brought before the King whom they rejected and killed there. This was a strong warning to those religious leaders who would soon reject Him in Jerusalem. Q 18 In Christ s parables, what happened to those who were a) faithful? __________. b) faithless and fearful? __________. c) rebels against the king? __________. V. Greatness Comes by Sacrifice Mt 26:6 13; Mk 14:3 9 Jesus had now arrived in Bethany. This village was only two miles from Jerusalem and one mile from the Mount of Olives. This was the home of Mary, Martha, and Lazarus. But Jesus did not stay with them this time. Instead, He stayed in the home of Simon the leper. Simon may have been one of the many lepers healed by Jesus. John s Gospel tells us that Martha helped serve the meal. And Lazarus was one of Simon s guests (Jn 12:2). A woman at this meal brought a jar of expensive perfume with her. John 12:3 tells us that this was Mary, Martha s sister. She wanted to show her devotion and love for Christ. She broke open the beautiful jar and poured the sweet-smelling oil on His head and feet. She even used her hair to wipe away the extra perfume from His feet. This was a great financial sacrifice for her. But His sacrifice on the Cross a week later would be even greater! Q 19 How did Mary show her love for Christ?

138 The Life of Christ His disciples became angry about this waste of the expensive perfume. Judas said it should have been sold and the money given to the poor. His greed for money was clear. They all rebuked her harshly for this act of love and sacrifice. Jesus heard their complaints and rebuked His disciples. He told them all to leave her alone. They would always have the poor with them and could always give to the poor. But this was the only time the Lord could be anointed for His burial. He then told them again of His coming death. This woman was the only one who really understood this. Jesus rewarded her sacrifice. He declared that her kindness to Him would be told wherever the gospel was preached. She had found true greatness in His kingdom through her willing sacrifice. Q 20 What did Mary understand that none of Christ s disciples understood?

Chapter Nineteen Greatness in the Kingdom 139 Homework Q 21 Review Q 4 and Q 5. Then list the things promised by Christ to those who follow Him faithfully. Q 22 Did Zacchaeus show faith by climbing the tree to see Jesus? How did this behavio ur compare to the behaviour of the two blind men in Jericho? Q 23 Jesus said: It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God (Mk 10:25). What, then, can we learn from the story of Zacchaeus? Q 24 Review Q 4, Q 13 to Q 15, and Q 19. List the people in this chapter who sho wed true greatness. What did that greatness cost each of them? Class Discussion Q 25 Jesus told the rich young ruler to sell all he had and give the money away. But Jesus did not give these conditions to the women who ministered to His needs. Why this difference? (See L k 8:1 3.) Q 26 Jesus said nothing about money to Zacchaeus. Yet this man happily decided to giv e away much of his money. But the rich young ruler walked away with sorrow. Is money a good measure of what is happen ing in people s hearts? Explain. Q 27 The kingdom of God is sometimes called an upside down relate to Mk 10:42 44? kingdom. How does this idea

Q 28 Should all believers sell everything they own and give it to the poor? If everyo ne did this, who would pay tithes and offerings in the church?

140 The Life of Christ

Unit IV Summary Departure from Galilee for Jerusalem Chapter Fifteen Mary and her sister Martha welcomed Jesus into their home. Martha worked at prep aring a meal for the Master while Mary stayed with Him. Jesus rebuked Martha for being so busy with o ther things that she had no time for Him. A Pharisee had invited Jesus to eat with him and some other Pharisees. They were all offended because Jesus did not wash His hands before eating. He reminded them that a clean heart was more important than clean hands. He then rebuked them for being so legalistic in tithing while neglecting the condition of their hearts. He also rebuked some lawyers there for making laws no one could actually live by. T hey knew the Law of Moses, but knew nothing of true righteousness. Jesus met a man who wanted Him to settle a family argument. Instead, Christ used this case to rebuke all who wanted to be rich. He warned people not to be greedy. The only important thi ng in life is to be rich toward God. The parable of the persistent friend is a wonderful teaching about prayer. Jesus told this parable after teaching the disciples how to pray. Persistent prayer, spoken in faith, will rec eive answers. This is how God wants us to pray. Christ s followers must prayerfully watch and pray for His secon d coming. This is the only way they can hope to be ready for Him. Jesus also told the people they must repe nt in prayer before God to avoid judgement and destruction. The Lord healed two people on two different Sabbath days: a crippled woman and a man with dropsy. These miracles brought praise from the common people, but anger and hatred from Israel s leaders. He taught that it was right to do good on the Sabbath day. Chapter Sixteen At a banquet, Jesus noticed people trying to take the best seats in the room. He advised them to take the lowest seat first. Then they might be honoured by the host if he asked them to t ake a higher seat. Humility should come before honour. People should invite only the poor, lame, and blind t o their banquets. Then they will be honoured by God. The Lord then told a parable about a banquet to teach people more about God. God desires to show mercy and love. But His anger burns against those who, like Israel s leaders, reject His invitation.

Jesus taught that people should count the cost of discipleship before becoming H is disciples. Christ himself must be His disciple s greatest love and highest priority in life. He told two par ables about counting the cost to illustrate this truth. The Pharisees again confronted Jesus for having fellowship with the wrong kind o f people. In three parables, Jesus told them how God loves and cares for the lost. The lost sheep, the lost coin, and the lost son all illustrate this great truth. This third parable about the prodigal son clearly s hows the loving heart of God. Another parable described a clever business manager. Jesus told this parable to show His disciples that they must be good stewards of God s gifts and blessings. Believers must change money in to something of spiritual, eternal value. Their use of money should bring glory to God. 141

142 The Life of Christ Chapter Seventeen The story of the rich man and Lazarus differs from Christ s parables. Many believe that it was the story of two real men. Poor Lazarus suffered much during his life. But he was at peace an d blessed in the life to come. In contrast, the rich man had pleasures and ease during his life. But he was in torment in hell after his death. This rich man wanted Lazarus to go to his brothers to warn them of the torment t hat awaited them. Abraham replied that his brothers would not believe, even if someone returned from the d ead. Jesus often warned His disciples about their attitudes and behaviours. He told t hem they must never cause another person, even a child, to sin. And He told them to always be ready to for give another person. Faith is the key to such spiritual victories. But the power produced by faith should not be a believer s goal in life. Instead, faithful service to God should be the goal. This chapter ends with the story of Lazarus being brought back to life. The Lord stayed in Perea even after He knew that Lazarus was sick. He waited so that His disciples faith would have t he chance to grow. Even after Lazarus had died, Jesus told Martha that He was the Resurrection and the L ife. Then Martha, Mary, and everyone else there that day saw the glory of God. The Lord commanded Lazarus to c ome out of the tomb. And Lazarus obeyed! This great miracle caused many to believe in Jesus. But the religious leaders ha ted and feared Him even more. They thought Jesus was becoming too popular. So they decided they must fin d a way to kill Him. Chapter Eighteen Jesus knew that Israel s leaders wanted to kill Him. And He knew the suffering tha t awaited Him as He approached the end of His life. Still, He was determined to reach Jerusalem befo re the Passover. As they travelled, He and the disciples were not welcomed in parts of Samaria. But Chris t refused to kill those Samaritans, as James and John wanted to do. The Lord continued to teach as He walked toward Jerusalem. Many Jews who thought they were right with God will one day find they are rejected by Him. Many Gentiles will enter the kin gdom of God, while unbelieving Jews will be thrown out. Christ then told the parable of the Pharise e and the tax collector in prayer in the temple. The tax collector asked only for mercy from God, and he received it. The Pharisee felt he was already righteous. Therefore, he received nothing from God. This Pharisee s pride kept God from forgiving him.

Jesus also taught how seriously God views marriage and divorce. Man should never rip apart what God has joined together. Divorce was never God s plan for mankind. As He walked on, Jesus also blessed some small children who were brought to Him. He rebuked His disciples for trying to keep the children away from Him. Jesus used these childr en to illustrate who can enter the kingdom of God. Only those who humble themselves to become like little child ren will be allowed to enter. Chapter Nineteen A certain rich young man came to Jesus seeking eternal life. The Lord first told the man to keep the Law. The man said he already did that. Christ then told the man to sell everything he had and give the money to the poor. Christ wanted this man to be His disciple. But the young man loved his mon ey more than anything else in life. With sorrow in his heart, this man turned and walked away from the Master. Jesus then told His disciples that it is hard for a rich man to enter heaven. The disciples had given up all to follow Jesus. Peter asked the Lord what they w ould receive for their commitment. Jesus promised them rewards both in this life and in the life to com e. He then told a parable about

Unit Four Summary 143 rewards and works. A landowner hired workers at various times throughout the day . At the end of the day, the man paid every worker the same wage. No one was cheated, even though the landown er was very generous to some. God is fair with all who work for Him. He will judge every person s motives and opportunities. The mother of James and John asked Jesus to make her two sons the greatest in Hi s future Kingdom. Jesus predicted the future deaths of these two eager brothers. But He could not promis e them the highest positions in the Kingdom. Only God the Father can give that honour. The other ten disciples t hen became angry at these two brothers. They also wanted to be the greatest. Jesus rebuked them all for ha ving such an attitude. He taught that the greatest among them would be their servant. Christ himself was t he best example of true greatness in the kingdom of God. Jesus was still travelling to Jerusalem when He went through Jericho. Three men in Jericho showed faith in Him. And they put their faith into action. Bartimaeus and his friend were blind beggars. Bartimaeus cried out to Jesus for mercy as He passed by. The Lord had compassion on these two blind m en and healed them. Zacchaeus, a tax collector, was the third man touched by Jesus in Jericho. This little man was honoured to have Jesus come to his house for a meal. Salvation also came to Zacchaeus and hi s house that day. The tax collector showed his new heart and faith in Jesus. He did this by promising to r epay anyone he had cheated. Zacchaeus also promised to give much to the poor. Jesus told a parable about a nobleman and his servants. The nobleman gave each s ervant a certain amount of money. At least two of these servants invested the money wisely to make more money. In contrast, a third servant was lazy and fearful. He did nothing with his money. Later, the noble ma n praised the faithfulness of the first two servants. But he was angry with the third servant, and took away t hat man s money. Christ s followers will have to give account to Him of what He has given them. Only those who have been faithful in building the kingdom of God will be praised and rewarded. Mary, Martha, and Lazarus opened their home to the Lord and His disciples. Later , Mary brought expensive perfume to a meal being served in Christ s honour. She broke open the jar and pour ed the perfume on His head and feet. This was a great sacrifice for Mary. She did this knowing that His gre ater sacrifice, that of His own life, was near.

144 The Life of Christ

Unit 5 The Passion Week Chapter Twenty Entering Jerusalem Objectives: Describe what happened as Jesus approached Jerusalem. Explain why Jesus was so angry as He entered the temple. Compare the cursed fig tree with the nation of Israel. Chapter Twenty-One More Clashes with Religious Leaders Objectives: Identify the following people and symbols from two of Christ s parable s: the landowner the farmers the landowner s son the stone the builders the king the invited guests Explain how Jesus escaped the Pharisees trap about paying taxes. State from memory the two greatest commandments. Summarise the fate of the Pharisees and teachers of the Law. Chapter Twenty-Two Teaching on the Mount of Olives Objectives: Outline the conditions on earth just before and during the Great Tri bulation. Explain the main lesson from the parable of the ten virgins. Define sheep and goats, and describe the future of each after God s judgement. Chapter Twenty-Three The Final Passover Meal Objectives: Explain the importance of the two elements in Holy Communion. Explain the symbolism in foot washing. Summarise Christ s last two promises to His disciples. 145

146 The Life of Christ

Chapter Twenty Entering Jerusalem Objectives Describe what happened as Jesus approached Jerusalem. Explain why Jesus was so angry as He entered the temple. Compare the cursed fig tree with the nation of Israel. Chapter Outline I. The triumphal entry with tears for Jerusalem (Mt 21:1 9; Mk 11:1 10; Lk 19:29 44) A. Preparing to enter the city B. The great procession C. Jesus weeps for Jerusalem II. Cleansing the temple (Mt 21:10 17; 23 27; Mk 11:11, 15 19, 27 33; Lk 19:45 to 20:8) A. Jesus enters the temple B. Israel s leaders question His authority III. An unfruitful fig tree (Mt 21:18 22; Mk 11:12 14, 20 26) IV. An unfruitful son (Mt 21:28 32) Key Words fig tree ............. Jesus cursed the fig tree that had no fruit on it. Jerusalem......... The Lord wept when He saw Jerusalem. procession........ The procession leading Jesus into the city was loud and joyfu l. question ........... The Pharisees would often question the Lord about His actio ns and doctrine. sons.................. Only one of the two sons actually obeyed his father. temple.............. The temple had become a place of sinful businessmen. I. The Triumphal Entry with Tears for Jerusalem Mt 21:1 9; Mk 11:1 10; Lk 19:29 44 A. Preparing to Enter the City Jesus had stayed for a short time with Simon the leper in Bethany.1 Now the time had come for 1 See Chapter Nineteen. Him to go on to Jerusalem. Jesus sent two of His disciples to another village nearby. He told them they would find a donkey and its colt there. They were to tell the owner that the Lord needed the animals. The animals would be returned to their owner that same day. The young colt had never had a rider on it. Jesus knew Zechariah s prophecy about himself. And He knew the time had come for that prophecy to be fulfilled. Zechariah had prophesied: 147

148 The Life of Christ See, your king comes to you, righteous and having salvation, gentle and riding on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a donkey. (Zec 9:9) Q 1 Jesus chose an unusual way to enter Jerusalem. a) How did Jesus enter the city? __________. b) Why did He choose this means of travel? __________. B. The Great Procession The disciples returned with the colt. They put their coats on it and Jesus mounted the animal. Others in the crowd spread their coats in the road in front of the colt. Some cut down branches from the trees and laid them in the road. Then the procession started toward Jerusalem. The people did not realise that Old Testament prophecy was being fulfilled. Even so, they began to shout praises to God: Hosanna! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! (Mk 11:9). They praised God with a loud voice for all the mighty works they had seen. They honoured Jesus as the mighty One who was to come in the name of the Lord. The multitude thought the time had come for Christ to take the throne of David. So they also shouted, Blessed is the coming kingdom of our father David! (Mk 11:10). People thought Jesus would set up His kingdom in Jerusalem. They hoped that Israel would finally be freed from the mighty Roman army. The Jewish leaders feared that the shouts of the people would alert the Romans. They told Jesus to make the people be silent. But Jesus told them He could not silence these shouts of praise. The rocks by the roadside would begin to praise God if the people were silent. The prophecy had to be fulfilled. God would be praised and Jesus would be honoured! Q 2 State in your own words two things the peo ple shouted as Jesus came to Jerusalem: a) __________. b) __________. Q 3 Why did the Jewish leaders want the people to be quiet?

C. Jesus Weeps for Jerusalem Jesus was able to see Jerusalem as the procession came to the top of a small hill. There, He began to cry. The Lord knew that He would soon die in Jerusalem. But He was not crying for himself. Instead, He was crying for the city itself. Jerusalem was about to commit the greatest crime in human history. The city would suffer much because of His coming death. The city s leaders were spiritually blind. They could not see the better choice that God was offering to them. They were rejecting the Prince of Peace. Now only war and destruction awaited them. Jerusalem s leaders feared the full might of the Roman army. That army would soon destroy the city and take away their place of leadership. Jesus prophesied: The days will come upon you when your ene mies will build an embankment against you and encircle you and hem you in on every side. They will dash you to the ground, you and the children within your walls. They will not leave one stone on another, because you did not rec ognize the time of God's coming to you. (Lk 19:43 44) Q 4 What awaited the people of Jerusalem because they rejected and killed Jesus? II. Cleansing the Temple Mt 21:10 17; 23 27; Mk 11:11, 15 19, 27 33; Lk 19:45 to 20:8 A. Jesus Enters the Temple Jesus entered Jerusalem and went straight to the temple. He had once driven out of the temple all those who were turning worship into a business. Now He did this again. The Lord s heart still burned with anger at those who were defiling the house of God. His Father s house was to be a house of prayer for all nations. But some were making a profit from those who came seeking God. Jesus drove these evil people out of the temple. The blind and lame came to Him in the temple and He healed them. And the children kept

shouting: Hosanna to the son of David

(Mt 21:15). He began teaching the people every day in the temple. Q 5 Why did Jesus become so angry in the temple? Q 6 State two things that Jesus did in the temple after driving out the greedy businessmen. a) __________. b) __________. B. Israel s Leaders Question His Authority The Pharisees had urged Jesus to rebuke the people for praising Him as He entered Jerusalem. They were again offended by the praise offered by the children in the temple (Mt 21:15). In reply, Jesus reminded the Pharisees of an Old Testament Scripture: From the lips of children and infants you have ordained praise (Mt 21:16). He rebuked the Pharisees desire to silence these praises to God. Q 7 Why were the Pharisees offended? The next day the chief priests and elders again confronted Jesus. They were still very angry because of Christ s earlier rebuke to them. So they asked by what authority He had cleansed the temple. Jesus did not answer them directly. Instead, He asked them a question. He promised to tell them about His authority if they would just answer His question. Jesus asked: John s baptism where did it come from? Was it from heaven, or from men? (Mt 21:25). Jesus used this question to show that Israel s leaders were hypocrites. They could have said that John s baptism was from heaven. Jesus would then ask them why they did not believe John s message. On the other hand, they could have said that John s baptism was from men. But they were afraid to say this, fearing the multitude s reaction. All of the common people of Jerusalem believed that John was a great prophet. The Pharisees were trapped by Christ s question. All they could do was tell Jesus they could not answer His question. Jesus then told them that He would not answer their question, either. He would not tell those unbelievers the source of His authority. Q 8 Explain the trap Jesus created for the Pharisees.

(See Mt 21:25.) Chapter Twenty Entering Jerusalem 149 a) If they answered b) If they answered heaven : __________. men : __________.

III. An Unfruitful Fig Tree Mt 21:18 22; Mk 11:12 14, 20 26 A. A Fig Tree Is Cursed Jesus had entered Jerusalem in triumph. He then cleansed the temple and ministered to the people there. That night, He and the disciples went back to Bethany. They returned to Jerusalem the next morning. Jesus was hungry as they neared Jerusalem. He saw a fig tree that had many leaves on it. Now, this was not the normal time for figs. However, the tree looked so promising from a distance. Jesus went to it to get some figs, but there were none. He then cursed the tree, saying, May you never bear fruit again! (Mt 21:19). The tree was a symbol of the nation of Israel. That is why Jesus made a point to curse it. Israel seemed to be alive and growing well. It looked as if it had spiritual life in God. But there was no spiritual fruit in it. In fact, Israel was as barren as the fruitless fig tree had been. The time had come to cut down the spiritually dead tree of Israel (see Lk 13:6 9). Later, Jesus and His disciples passed by the cursed tree. It had dried up completely from its roots. The disciples were amazed by how quickly the tree had died. This was another example of Christ s power over nature. Jesus told them about the power of faith. The disciples could have such faith and power. He said, If you believe, you will receive whatever you ask for in prayer (Mt 21:22). Q 9 What did the fig tree represent? Q 10 Why was Israel a cursed nation? Q 11 Jesus taught His disciples an important spiri tual lesson through the dead fig tree. State in your own words this spiritual lesson. IV. An Unfruitful Son Mt 21:28 32 The nation of Israel was cursed because it had

rejected God s prophets and God s Son. Israel knew God s will, but refused to do it. Jesus told a

150 The Life of Christ parable to the Pharisees in Jerusalem that described Israel s disobedience. A certain father had two sons. The father told both of them to go to work in his vineyard. One son refused to go. Later, however, he changed his mind and obeyed his father s command. The other son was a hypocrite. He told his father that he was going to work. But this son never went to the vineyard. He lied to his father and disobeyed his command. Jesus asked the Pharisees which of the two sons did his father s will. This was not a hard question. The Pharisees naturally said, The first. Jesus then made the application. The first son represented those sinful prostitutes and tax collectors who had repented. Jesus said that such sinners were entering the kingdom of God. They would enter long before the self-righteous Pharisees ever would. The Pharisees and chief priests only pretended to do God s will. They refused to listen to John s call to repent. Thus, they continued to disobey the will of God the Father. Q 12 The first son represented: __________. Q 13 The second son represented: __________.

Chapter Twenty Entering Jerusalem 151 Homework Q 14 Review section I. Then complete the following statements: a) b) c) d) e) f) Jesus travelled by: __________. The crowd put: __________. The crowd said: __________, and __________. Jesus cried for: __________. The Pharisees wanted Jesus to: __________. Jesus told the Pharisees: __________.

Q 15 Review section III. The cursed fig tree represented the cursed nation of Israel. What did each of the fol lowing a) the b) the c) the represent or symbolise? green, growing leaves: __________. lack of figs on the tree: __________. dried-up, worthless tree: __________.

Class Discussion Q 16 What was the main purpose of the temple? Should this also be true of a church bu ilding? (See Lk 19:46.) Q 17to Q 19: Some evil men today make a profit from people who are seeking God. Answer these three questions in reference to such men. Q 17 Name some ways you have seen this happen. Q 18 How do these men make you feel? Q 19 Does this situation differ from people paying their tithes to support their past or and church? Q 20 to Q 21: Jesus was very angry when He saw God s house being turned into a bus iness. Answer these three questions in reference to Christ s anger. Q 20 Is it right for Christians to become angry? Q 21 Some churches make money on the side by operating various businesses. What would Jesus say about this?

152 The Life of Christ

Chapter Twenty-One More Clashes with Religious Leaders Objectives Identify the following people and symbols from two of Christ s parables: the landowner the farmers the landowner s son the stone the builders the king the invited guests Explain how Jesus escaped the Pharisees trap about paying taxes. State from memory the two greatest commandments. Summarise the fate of the Pharisees and teachers of the Law. Chapter Outline I. Two powerful parables (Mt 21:33 46; Mk 12:1 12; Lk 20:9 19) A. A landowner demands his fruit B. A king s son gets married II. Conflict over major issues (Mt 22:15 40; Mk 12:13 34; Lk 20:20 40) A. Money and taxes B. The Resurrection C. The greatest commandment III. Clear rebukes for the scribes and Pharisees (Mt 22:41 to 23:39; Mk 12:35 40; Lk 20:41 47) A. Jesus challenges the Pharisees B. The hypocrisy of the teachers of the Law C. The seven woes Key Words king.................. A certain king gave a great banquet when his son married. money.............. The Pharisees questioned Jesus about supporting Rome with ta x money. parables ........... In Jerusalem, Jesus told many parables that offended Israel s hypocritical leaders. rebukes ............ Jesus gave strong, clear rebukes to the Pharisees. woe.................. The prophet Isaiah said Woe is me when he saw the great reve lation of God. 153

154 The Life of Christ I. Two Powerful Parables Mt 21:33 46; Mk 12:1 12; Lk 20:9 19 Jesus had many clashes with the Jewish teachers, Pharisees, and Sadducees while in Jerusalem. He continued to use parables in His teaching. Two of these parables pictured the future of these religious leaders. The first parable was of a landowner demanding fruit from his vineyard. The second parable described the marriage of a king s son. A. A Landowner Demands His Fruit A certain landowner had a large vineyard. He cared well for it and the vineyard was very fruitful. He rented the vineyard to some farmers before he went on a long journey. These farmers agreed pay the owner a part of the harvest each year. At harvest time, the owner sent a servant to the vineyard to get his fruit. But those wicked farmers rebelled against the owner. They beat the servant and sent him away with nothing. The landowner was kind and patient with the farmers. He sent more messengers. They were also abused. The wicked farmers even stoned and killed some of the messengers sent by the owner. Yet the landowner decided to try once more. He sent his only son to the vineyard. The owner thought that the farmers would respect his son. Those farmers were very foolish men. They imagined that the vineyard would become theirs if they killed the landowner s only son. So they killed the son and threw him out of the vineyard. Jesus then asked the Pharisees what the landowner would do to the farmers. Their answer came quickly: the owner would kill those wicked men. He would then put others in charge of the vineyard who would pay him. In saying this, these religious leaders condemned themselves! The evil farmers represented them, while the king represented God. Q 1 Why did the wicked farmers kill the king s only son? Q 2 What will God do to those who killed His only Son? The Lord quoted from the Psalms to support God s opposition to Israel s leaders. He said, The stone the builders rejected has become the capstone;

the Lord has done this, and it is marvelous in our eyes (Mt 21:42). Those men were the builders, and Jesus was the rejected Stone. They were rejecting God s Son, the Heir of the Kingdom. For this reason, the kingdom of God would be taken from them. It would be given to people who would bear spiritual fruit. Human beings can have only two experiences with this rejected Stone. Some people fall upon the Stone in repentance. Their pride and selfishness are broken upon it. Others refuse to repent upon the Stone. They simply wait for the Stone to fall on them! Such rebellious people will be totally crushed by God s judgement. The warning to the scribes and Pharisees was clear. These religious leaders knew that Jesus was talking about them. This made them all the more eager to kill Him. Q 3 Whom did the stone represent? Q 4 What are the two experiences a person can have with this Stone? Explain each one. a) __________. b) __________. Q 5 Who were the builders who rejected the stone? B. A King s Son Gets Married This second parable tells of the final judgement. It also pictures Christ s future marriage feast. Some people will be very happy at this feast. Others will feel only God s anger. God s judgement upon the rebellious invited guests is certain. The son of a certain king was to marry. The king sent invitations to many people. The king wanted to welcome and honour his guests. However, those who were invited refused the invitation. Some of these people said they were too busy to come. Others beat and killed the king s servants who were calling them to the feast. The king was very angry with these people. He sent his army to kill those rebels. All who refused to come to the wedding were killed. Yet the feast was ready. So the king sent his servants to bring in

people to the wedding. The wedding hall was then filled with newly invited guests. Among the guests was a man who was not wearing the right clothes. This man had not made the effort to put on a wedding garment. The king ordered his servants to bind this man. They then threw him outside into the darkness. Here we see two kinds of rebellious people. One kind totally rejected the king s invitation. They themselves were rejected and destroyed. The second kind believed that they did not need to prepare themselves. They were rejected and thrown out of the feast. These leaders knew that Jesus was again talking about them. They clearly were represented by the first kind of person. These men were guilty of totally rejecting God s invitation. Jesus ended His teaching with a simple truth about the kingdom of God: Many are invited, but few are chosen (Mt 22:14). Q 6 What invitation did the Jewish leaders reject? Q 7 What kind of person is represented by the man without a wedding garment? Q 8 Whom does the angry king represent in this parable? II. Conflict over Major Issues Mt 22:15 40; Mk 12:13 34; Lk 20:20 40 Jesus often taught in parables. He did not usually have direct conflict with those who heard His stories. However, Christ had major conflicts with Israel s spiritual leaders in Jerusalem. Three of these conflicts were about taxes, the Resurrection, and the greatest commandment. A. Money and Taxes Both the Pharisees and Herodians felt the sting of Christ s parables. They wanted to find a way to accuse Jesus of doing something wrong. The Pharisees were the first to try. Perhaps they could trick the Lord into saying something foolish against Rome. Then they would be able accuse Him before the governor. First, they praised Him for teaching the truth. They also praised Him for not teaching Chapter Twenty-one More Classes with Religious Leaders 155 to please men. (In doing this, they proved that they

were hypocrites because they did not listen to Him.) Then they asked Jesus a hard question: Is it right to pay taxes to Caesar or not? (Mt 22:17). Q 9 What did the Jews want Jesus to say? Why were they hoping He would say this? Jesus knew their evil thoughts. He was not deceived by their kind words of praise: You

hypocrites, why are you trying to trap me? (Mt 22:18). The Lord then asked them to show Him a coin. Holding the coin, He asked the Pharisees whose image was on the coin. They correctly answered that it was Caesar s image. Thus, the coin seemed to belong to Caesar. The Lord then gave them a powerful example of His wisdom: Give to Caesar what is Caesar s, and to God what is God s (22:21). This simple statement shows us the right relationship between a government and the Church. The wisdom in Christ s words was clear to all. Even those Pharisees who hated Jesus were amazed. They left Him alone and went away. They had failed to trap Jesus with their question. Q 10 Why were the Jewish leaders amazed? Q 11 Does all money belong to the one whose name or picture is on it? Explain. B. The Resurrection Jesus had avoided the Pharisees trap. The Sadducees then tried to trap Jesus with another hard question. The Sadducees did not believe in life after death. They wanted to see what Jesus would say about the Resurrection. So these men made up

a strange story and asked Jesus about it. These Sadducees first quoted from the Law of Moses. The Law said that a man should marry his brother s wife if his brother died. The man was then supposed to have children for his dead brother. In that way, he would keep his brother s family line from ending. The story that the Sadducees told could never happen in real life. They said seven brothers died one after the other. The first brother s wife thus became the wife of all seven men. Finally, the woman died as well. The Sadducees then asked Jesus whose wife she would be in the Resurrection.

156 The Life of Christ These carnal men believed neither in the Resurrection nor in Jesus. So Jesus told them that they had two problems. First, they did not know the Scriptures. Second, they clearly did not know the power of God. Thus, their doctrines were false and their thinking was wrong. Q 12 Summarise the marriage relationships of the woman described by the Sadducees. Q 13 What two things did the Sadducees not know? a) __________. b) __________. Jesus then explained the future Resurrection. People will not be married after the Resurrection. Those who are resurrected will be like the angels in heaven. Human marriages on earth will not matter then. The Lord went on to show why there must be a resurrection of the dead. God is the God of the living. And He is the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. The Sadducees knew that those three fathers of Israel were dead. But God is not the God of the dead. Thus, those three heroes of faith must still be living! The wisdom that Jesus showed was amazing to the Sadducees. The people listening were astonished at his teaching (Mt 22:33). Some of the teachers of the Law even praised Jesus for His wise answer. Q 14 Why were the people astonished at Christ s teaching? C. The Greatest Commandment A Pharisee was listening to Jesus and the Sadducees. He was also a teacher of the Law. This man liked the answer Jesus gave to the Sadducees. So he asked Jesus another question. Which Old Testament commandment is the most important? Our Lord answered that question quickly. The most important commandment was to love God. Christ quoted from Deuteronomy 6:4 5: Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is

one. Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind and with all your strength. (Mk 12:29 30) Jesus then added a second commandment. Love your neighbor as yourself (Mk 12:31).

Love for God and love for neighbour are the most important commandments. The Pharisee liked Christ s answer to his question. This man then showed that he had spiritual wisdom. He added that love for God and for man were the most important things in life. These two love relationships were greater issues than all of the Jewish rituals. Burnt offerings and sacrifices without a loving heart meant nothing to God. Jesus, in turn, told this Pharisee that he was not far from entering the kingdom of God. Q 15 Write in your mother tongue the two greatest commandments. a) __________. b) __________. III. Clear Rebukes for the Scribes and Pharisees Mt 22:41 to 23:39; Mk 12:35 40; Lk 20:41 47 A. Jesus Challenges the Pharisees The Pharisees had often questioned Jesus. Now He asked them a hard question: What do you think about the Christ? Whose son is he? (Mt 22:42). They replied that Christ was the son of David. They knew the promise that God had given to David long before. One of David s offspring would have an eternal throne (see 2Sa 7:13). This son of David would redeem Israel. Jesus then asked how David could call his own son Lord. He quoted David in Psalm 110:1: The Lord said to my Lord: Sit at my right hand until I put your enemies under your feet (Mt 22:44). The Christ or Messiah had to be David s offspring. Yet the Messiah also had to be David s Lord the Lord God Almighty. Q 16 Who is both the Lord? son of David and David s

The Pharisees could not answer this second question. These men had no real spiritual insight.

Thus, they could not understand the nature of God s Anointed One. Jesus had silenced both the Sadducees and the Pharisees. No one asked Him any more hard questions after this. However, He continued to teach the common people every day in the temple. And the people loved His teaching. B. The Hypocrisy of the Teachers of the Law Jesus warned the people about the hypocrisy of Israel s leaders. They looked holy and spiritual. But these men were hypocrites. They themselves did not practice what they taught other people to do. Jesus said that the teachers of the Law only wanted to appear religious in public. Their goal was only to receive the praise and honour of men. The Lord warned them: Such men will be punished most severely (Mk 12:40). Q 17 Why did Jesus call the Pharisees and teachers of the Law hypocrites ? People were coming to the temple to give their offerings to God. Rich people were giving large amounts of money. One widow also came to give her offering. However, she put in only two small copper coins. These coins had almost no value. Jesus told His disciples that this widow had given more than any other person. She had given all she had to God. And she had given it from her heart! This widow was very different than the teachers of the Law who did everything for public show. Jesus praised this widow, but rebuked Israel s wealthy leaders. Q 18 Why did Jesus praise the widow for her offering? C. The Seven Woes Our Lord continued His attack on religious hypocrisy. The Gospel of Matthew records seven woes against the Pharisees and teachers. The wrath of God is upon all spiritual leaders who are guilty of hypocrisy. Chapter Twenty-one More Classes with Religious Leaders 157 Jesus gave us a clear picture of what a hypocrite is in Matthew 23:24: You strain out a gnat but swallow a camel. The word picture Jesus created is almost funny. Imagine taking a small insect out of a drink but swallowing a camel! But Jesus was not laughing. He was angry that such hypocrites had become the spiritual leaders of God s people.

Q 19 Who is most likely to receive the wrath of God? The Pharisees and teachers of the Law were men of foolish extremes. They were blind guides. They did not know the way to God, but thought they could direct others to Him. These men kept very clean on the outside. But inside they were full of wickedness and all kinds of greed. Israel s spiritual leaders kept every detail of the Law. But they ignored those things that were most important in it: justice, mercy, and faithfulness. Q 20 What did the Pharisees and teachers a) do right? __________. b) ignore? __________. Christ ended His seven woes with His strongest rebuke: You snakes! You brood of vipers! How will you escape being condemned to hell? (Mt 23:33). Then He cried again for the city of Jerusalem. Jesus wanted to touch and heal those rebellious people. But they were not willing to be touched by God. As a result, the nation of Israel would be destroyed: Your house is left to you desolate (Mt 23:38). Jesus cry for Jerusalem ended with a word of hope. The city would reject Him and kill Him outside of the city. They would not see Him again. But in the future, the people of Israel will change. One day, Israel will welcome Him back as Messiah and Lord. One day, God s people will say, Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord (Mt 23:39). Q 21 What was the future of the Pharisees and teachers? Q 22 What hopeful promise is recorded in Mt 23:39?

158 The Life of Christ Homework Q 23 Review Section I.A and I.B. Then complete the following chart: person represented by God __________, __________. Jesus __________, __________. Jews __________, __________, __________. Q 24 Review Q 15. Study these two commandments until you can easily state them from m emory. Q 25 Review section I.B. In this parable, Jesus pictured God as an angry king. Is thi s an accurate picture of God? Explain who will feel God s anger the most. Class Discussion Q 26 Jesus said, Give to Caesar what is Caesar s, and to God what is God s (Mt 22:21). Should Christians pay taxes to evil, corrupt governments that kill believers and destroy churches? Explain. Q 27 Jesus praised the poor widow for her offering. Is this ever done in churches tod ay? Who is usually praised for their offering or giving at a fund-raising event? Q 28 Explain from Scripture how serious the sin of hypocrisy is to God. (See Mt 23.)

Chapter Twenty-Two Teaching on the Mount of Olives Objectives Outline the conditions on earth just before and during the Great Tribulation. Explain the main lesson from the parable of the ten virgins. Define sheep and goats, and describe the future of each after God s judgement. Chapter Outline I. Teachings about the future (Mt 24:1 51; Mk 13:1 37; Lk 21:5 36) A. Jerusalem and the temple will be destroyed B. The Great Tribulation C. The signs of His coming II. The ten virgins (Mt 25:1 13) III. Prophecy about the last judgement (Mt 25:31 46) IV. The plot to kill Jesus (Mt 26:1 5; Mk 14:1 2; Lk 22:1 2) Key Words future ............... Jesus often told His disciples about the future. Jerusalem......... Jerusalem was destroyed by the Romans in A.D. 70. judgement........ Judgement came to Israel because the nation rejected God s call to repentance. second.............. The second coming of Christ will be a time of mourning for all who hate God. Tribulation....... The worst time in human experience will be the Great Tribulat ion. virgins.............. Only five of the virgins waiting for the bridegroom were r eally ready. I. Teachings about the Future Mt 24:1 51; Mk 13:1 37; Lk 21:5 36 A. Jerusalem and the Temple Will Be Destroyed Jesus and His disciples were leaving the temple one evening. The disciples were talking to Him about the temple s great beauty. They must have been surprised by Christ s response. He prophesied that every stone in the temple would be pulled down to the ground. It would all be destroyed. They then continued walking to the Mount of Olives. Later, Peter, Andrew, James, and John asked Jesus about the temple s future destruction. They wanted to know when this would happen. The disciples believed that the coming destruction would occur just before Christ s second coming. They wanted to know what the signs of His coming would be. Jerusalem was destroyed in the year A.D. 70.

But the answer Christ gave went far beyond that 159

160 The Life of Christ year. He predicted the future up to the end of the world. Many signs will be seen before the end comes. For example, false christs will come to deceive the people. Their deception will be the first sign of the end times. Wars and rumours of wars will follow. Famines and earthquakes will harm the people of the earth. Yet Jesus warned that these things would be only the beginning of the end times. Q 1 Name the first sign of the end times. Q 2 Name four other signs that will follow the first sign. a) __________. b) __________. c) __________. d) __________. Jesus warned that His followers will suffer great persecution during this future time. People will betray friends and family members. Love will be replaced by hatred. But Jesus promised that He would send the Holy Spirit to them. The Spirit will give them words to speak in their witness for Christ. And the gospel will be preached to all nations! Q 3 Describe the changes that will take place in human relationship during the end times. Q 4 Who will help believers to endure and to preach the gospel during future hard times? Long before, Daniel had foretold the fall of Jerusalem. Jesus talked about the details in Daniel s prophecy. The temple will first be defiled by the Antichrist. Believers should run from Jerusalem when this happens. Christ advised His followers to run to the mountains to escape the coming destruction. This prophecy was fulfilled in A.D. 70. The Roman army surrounded Jerusalem to destroy it. The Roman general Titus defiled the temple. Christians in Jerusalem remembered the Lord s teaching on the Mount of Olives. They fled to the mountains to escape. Not one believer died in the fall of Jerusalem.

Q 5 Which of Christ s prophecies was fulfilled in A.D. 70? B. The Great Tribulation Titus was certainly a servant of the Devil. But he was not the Antichrist. Jesus was also prophesying a second, more-distant destruction of Jerusalem. This destruction has not happened yet. The true Antichrist has not yet been seen. And the Great Tribulation has not yet started. The Great Tribulation will be the worst time in human history. Confusion and great trouble will affect everyone on earth. False prophets will arise and do miracles by Satan s power. These false prophets will deceive many people. And strange things will happen to the sun, moon, and stars: The heavenly bodies will be shaken (Mt 24:29). Q 6 Why is the coming period of time called the Great Tribulation? Q 7 How will Satan be involved during the Tribulation years? The Son of Man will return to earth in great power to end this time of tribulation. His return will be sudden like lightning! And His coming will be seen by all people. All the nations of the earth will mourn and cry when He appears. Angels will bring to Him the elect from all over the world. Q 8 Who will see Jesus when He returns to earth? What will they do when they see Him? C. The Signs of His Coming Jesus wanted believers to know when these lastdays events would happen. So He told His disciples a parable about fig trees. Branches on fig trees become tender in the spring. They then begin to grow small leaves. By this sign, everyone knows that summer is near. It will happen in the same way with His second coming. Believers should look for the signs that He predicted. Then they will know that His return is near. All of the events He described will happen quickly. All will be fulfilled within only one generation. No one knows the exact hour or day of Christ s return. Even Jesus himself did not know. Only

God the Father knows. But clearly Christ's coming will happen suddenly. Many people will not expect it. They will be like the people who lived during

Chapter Twenty-two Teaching on the Mount of Olives 161 the days of Noah. People in Noah s time were seeking riches and happiness. Jesus said, They knew nothing about what would happen until the flood came and took them all away (Mt 24:39). Jesus gave another example of His future return. The owner of a house would never help a thief to rob him. Instead, the owner would be on guard if he knew when a thief was coming. Jesus was warning His disciples that He will come suddenly, like a thief in the night. Believers must be alert and be ready. The Lord wanted each of His disciples to be like a faithful and wise servant (see Mt 24:45 51). Such servants are always ready for their master s return. Q 9 What will most people be doing when Christ returns? Q 10 Jesus will return to earth suddenly, like a __________. Q 11 Describe the kind of believer who will be ready for Christ s return. II. The Ten Virgins Mt 25:1 13 Jesus continued His teaching about the end times. The kingdom of God will be like ten virgins. These young women were a part of a wedding party. They were waiting to meet the bridegroom. Five were wise young women. They brought a good supply of oil with them for their lamps. The other five virgins were foolish. These five girls brought no extra oil for their lamps. They were not truly prepared for the bridegroom to come. None of the ten virgins knew when the bridegroom would come. Bridegrooms always arrived without warning. This was Jewish custom.1 Those waiting to meet him never knew the exact hour the bridegroom would come. Suddenly, the young women heard the bridegroom coming. Those with extra lamps and joined the wedding party. virgins with no oil could not light it was too late to buy more oil. As oil lit their But those five their lamps. And a result, the five

foolish virgins were locked out of the wedding celebration. The parable of the ten virgins teaches the need

to be always ready for Christ s return. Those who are not ready will not be allowed to enter heaven. How sad to be among those who hear the Bridegroom say, I tell you the truth, I don t know you (Mt 25:12). Believers do not know the day or hour. But Christ s followers must be prepared for His coming. Q 12 What important lesson does the parable of the ten virgins teach? Q 13 How will Jesus respond to people who want to enter heaven without being spiritually prepared? III. Prophecy about the Last Judgement Mt 25:31 46 Jesus had given His disciples parables and illustrations about His future return. He then began to prophesy about the last judgement. This will be a judgement of all the nations. He had already said that the nations of the earth will mourn when He appears (Mt 24:30). They will mourn because they know their judgement is near. Q 14 Why will the nations mourn when they see Jesus? Jesus will sit upon His glorious throne. All of the nations will stand before Him. Christ will then divide all people into two groups. This will look like a shepherd dividing sheep from goats. The sheep will move to His right and the goats to His left. Who is a sheep and who is a goat ? The basis for this judgement is how the nations treated Jesus. How did the nations act when they saw Jesus in need? What did they do when they saw Jesus sick, naked, and in prison? Now, this does not refer to the time that Christ walked on earth. For those who stand before Christ in judgement will not have actually seen Jesus in need. But some will have shown kindness and pity to His helpless followers. Others will have ignored or even abused His followers. 1 See section II.B in Chapter Fifteen.

162 The Life of Christ Q 15 Which nations will be on Christ s a) right side during their judgement? __________. b) left side during their judgement? __________. Those on His right hand will ask the King to explain. When had they seen Him helpless and in need? He will tell these sheep that He was with His helpless people: Whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers of mine, you did for me (Mt 25:40). Those who believe in the Lord Jesus are His brothers. Anything that is done for one of them in his need is done for Christ himself. The sheep will hear the King s loving words: Come, you who are blessed by my Father (Mt 25:34). The goats will be judged by the same standard. They did not minister to Jesus. The goat nations had refused to show kindness to sick and needy believers. These nations will only hear the King s anger and rejection: Depart from me, you who are cursed (Mt 25:41). They will go away to eternal punishment. But the righteous sheep will enter eternal life. Q 16 Summarise what the King will say to the sheep nations. Q 17 Summarise what the King will say to the goat nations. Q 18 Why will the by Jesus? goat nations be condemned

IV. The Plot to Kill Jesus Mt 26:1 5; Mk 14:1 2; Lk 22:1 2 Jesus had warned His disciples about the future. He had done this both in love and in great detail. The Jewish leaders had also been busy! They were planning Christ s death while He was teaching His disciples on the Mount of Olives. The chief priests and teachers of the Law met with the high priest. They wanted to find a way to arrest Jesus. But they were afraid the people would riot if they did this publicly. Waiting until after the Passover seemed like a wise idea. There would be fewer people in Jerusalem then. Judas Iscariot may have come to the chief priests at that same time. Here was one of Christ s

disciples ready to betray his Master. We do not know all that was in his mind. But it is clear that Judas was greedy he loved money. Luke 22:3 also states that Satan had entered his greedy heart. The chief priests and Judas quickly agreed on the price Judas would receive. This betrayer then began to look for a chance to turn the Lord over to the Jews quietly. It would be risky to take Him when He was with the people in the temple. Instead, Judas would bring the Jewish leaders when Jesus and His disciples were alone. These men were very happy with their evil agreement. Q 19 What sin caused the downfall of Judas? Q 20 The Jewish religious leaders did not want to arrest Jesus when He was teaching in the temple. Why?

Chapter Twenty-two Teaching on the Mount of Olives 163 Homework Q 21 Review Q 1 to Q 9. Then complete the following chart by writing before, dur ing, or after following each event. event this will happen . . . Jerusalem destroyed ..........................................__________ the Gre at Tribulation. false prophets come doing miracles..................__________ the Great Tribula tion. false christs deceive people ...............................__________ the Great Tribulation. wars & rumours of wars happen ......................__________ the Great Tribula tion. Son of Man returns like lightning....................__________ the Great Tribul ation. the sun, moon, and stars are shaken ................__________ the Great Tribula tion. all the nations mourn.......................................__________ the Great Tribulation. famines and earthquakes happen.....................__________ the Great Tribulat ion. Q 22 Review Q 14 to Q 17. Draw a picture of the judgement of the nations as they stand before Christ. Picture sheep on one side and goats on the other. Then write the Scripture verses under each group (sheep, goats) that show their eternal fate or destiny. Class Discussion Q 23 Compare Mt 24 with life as you know it today. Are there signs even now that the last days are near? Explain. Q 24 Many preachers preach about the oil in the lamps of the five wise virgins. They say this represents the Holy Spirit. This may be a good point. But what is the main point in the parable of the ten virgins? Q 25 Jesus wanted believers to be prepared for His second coming. He did not want the m to be surprised. What can pastors do to help their church members be prepared for Christ s coming?

164 The Life of Christ

Chapter Twenty-Three The Final Passover Meal Objectives Explain the importance of the two elements in Holy Communion. Explain the symbolism in foot washing. Summarise Christ s last two promises to His disciples. Chapter Outline I. The Passover (Mt 26:17 20, 26 29; Mk 14:1, 12 17, 22 25; Lk 22:7 20; Jn 13:2 20) A. The Passover Feast preparation B. The Passover celebration C. The foot-washing illustration II. One would betray Christ, another would deny Him (Mt 26:21 35; Mk 14:18 31; Lk 22:21 34 ; Jn 13:21 30) A. Judas would betray Christ B. Peter would deny Christ III. Christ s final words to His disciples (Lk 22:35 38; Jn 14:1 31) A. Final instructions B. Final encouragement Key Words betray...................Judas planned to betray Jesus after being paid by the c hief priests. deny.....................Jesus told Peter he would deny Him three times. final .....................Christ s final words to His disciples were very importa nt to them. New Covenant.....The New Covenant between God and man required the death of Jesu s. Passover ..............The Jews celebrated the Passover to remember Israel s deliv erance from Egypt. servant .................The greatest in the kingdom of God is the servant of al l. I. The Passover Mt 26:17 20, 26 29; Mk 14:1, 12 17, 22 25; Lk 22:7 20; Jn 13:2 20 A. The Passover Feast Preparation The Feast of Unleavened Bread lasted seven days. This was a holy week in Israel. The Jews were not supposed to work nor eat bread with yeast or leaven in it. Leaven was a symbol of sin. Their

lives and their bread had to be free of sin during this feast. This week in the Jewish calendar had great spiritual importance. The Passover Feast came on the final day of this week-long celebration. The 165

166 The Life of Christ Passover reminded Israel of its great deliverance from Egypt. The death angel passed over the children of Israel. The timing of Christ s death was not left to chance. His death fulfilled many Old Testament prophecies. Jesus told His disciples where to prepare for the Passover Feast. The meal they prepared would become known as the Last Supper. At this meal, Jesus sat down with the Twelve for one last time of quiet fellowship. Q 1 Why did the Jews eat bread without leaven in it during the Feast of Unleavened Bread? Q 2 What did the Passover celebration represent to the Jews? B. The Passover Celebration Christ is our great High Priest of the New Covenant between God and man. As High Priest, He offered bread and wine to His followers. The bread and wine were important symbols of this covenant. Jesus told the disciples what the bread and wine symbolised. The wine represented His blood. He knew that His blood was soon going to drip from a Roman cross. It would be poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins (Mt 26:28). And forgiveness of sins makes possible the New Covenant with God. Jesus promised the Twelve that He would not drink wine again with them in this life. He would wait until He could drink it new with His disciples in His Father s kingdom. The bread symbolised His body. His body would soon be beaten, cut, and stabbed with a spear. He broke the bread as His body would later be broken. His sacrifice would give spiritual food to all who would accept His redemption (Jn 6:47 51). The New Covenant had been promised by Isaiah (61:8), Jeremiah (31:31 34), and Ezekiel (11:19 20). Their prophecies would be fulfilled through His death. Q 3 What did the wine at the Last Supper symbolise? Q 4 What makes possible the New Covenant with God? Q 5 Why do believers eat broken bread? C. The Foot-Washing Illustration At the end of their meal, Jesus gave His disciples an illustrated sermon on true servanthood.

He wanted His disciples to know how they were to act after He was gone. He also wanted to show them how much He loved them. Jesus had humbled himself by taking the form of man. Now He humbled himself even more by becoming a Servant to His disciples. Jesus took off His outer robe and replaced it with a servant s towel. Then He began to wash their feet, wiping them with the towel. How was our Lord able to humble himself in this way? He knew who He was. And He knew the authority that the Father would soon put into His hands. Our Lord had come from God and would soon return to God. The time was near. Q 6 What did Jesus have to do in order to wash His disciples feet? Peter did not want to see Jesus in a servant s role. At first, he refused to let Christ wash his feet. The Lord then warned Peter about his attitude. Only those who were washed could be one of His disciples. Peter then was eager to have the Lord to wash all of him. Jesus had served the disciples by washing their feet. He then put on His robe and sat down to teach them. He asked, Do you understand what I have done for you? (Jn 13:12). Probably none of them really understood it. He was their Lord and Master. Yet He had humbled himself to become their Servant. Jesus was now telling them that they should follow His example. They should serve each other. Pride and position must not keep Christ s disciples from humble service to each other. Q 7 Why is it so hard for some people to put themselves in a servant s role? Q 8 What did Jesus want to teach His disciples by washing their feet? II. One Would Betray Christ, Another Would Deny Him Mt 26:21 35; Mk 14:18 31; Lk 22:21 34; Jn 13:21 30

Chapter Twenty-three The Passover Meal 167 A. Judas Would Betray Christ All twelve disciples were at this final Passover meal. There, Jesus told them some bad news. One of them would betray Him. Eleven of the disciples were greatly disturbed by this news. They could not believe a betrayer was among them. The disciples began to each ask Jesus, Surely not I? (Mk 14:19). They believed Jesus knew the future better than they knew their own hearts. Jesus then told them that the betrayer would dip bread into the bowl with Him. Later, He shared a piece of bread with Judas in this way. Judas was not surprised when Christ said that one would betray Him. Judas knew he was the one, even though he tried to act innocent (Mt 26:25). Satan filled his heart as soon as Jesus gave him the piece of bread. The Lord told Judas to not wait any longer: What you are about to do, do quickly (Jn 13:27). Judas left immediately to find the Jewish leaders. Q 9 Why did the eleven disciples ask Jesus, Surely not I ? Q 10 Why did Jesus tell Judas to leave? B. Peter Would Deny Christ Peter had not wanted Jesus to wash his feet. Now he was greatly troubled by the news that one of them would betray Christ. Jesus told Peter that Satan wanted to sift you as wheat Lk 22:31). Satan was tempting Peter to let pride block God s will for his life. But Jesus had prayed for Peter. There was hope for this leader of the Twelve. Peter boldly said that he was ready to die for Christ. He would follow Jesus anywhere: to prison or to death. In reply, Jesus told Peter that he would deny his Lord that same day. In fact, Peter would deny Jesus three times! None of Peter s arguments or proud boasts would change Christ s prediction. Zechariah s prophecy would be fulfilled: Strike the shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered (13:7). Q 11 In what way did Satan tempt Peter to sin? III. Christ s Final Words to His Disciples Lk 22:35 38; Jn 14:1 31 A. Final Instructions Jesus had earlier sent the disciples out two by

two for short times of ministry. They agreed they did not lack anything during those trips. All of their needs had been provided. Now He was sending them out for a lifetime of ministry. Jesus again promised to provide for them. The Lord told them not to go out empty-handed now. Whatever they had, they should take with them. He then told them a prophecy about Him that would soon be fulfilled. Jesus would be numbered with the transgressors (Lk 22:37). Everything written about Him was reaching its fulfillment (22:37). B. Final Encouragement Jesus had two messages of encouragement for His disciples. First, He would return again for them. It was true that He was going to leave them. Jesus had to go to His Father s home to prepare a place for them. But He would come for them when everything was ready. Jesus wanted His followers to be with Him forever in His Father s house. They had to trust Jesus to do this, just as they trusted God for their present needs. The second message of encouragement was about the Holy Spirit. Jesus would not leave them alone. He would send them a Comforter who would stay with them forever. Jesus would give them the Holy Spirit as a gift from His Father. The Spirit would teach them all things. And the Spirit would help them to remember everything Jesus had told them. The four Gospels were written with help from the Holy Spirit. Q 12 What was Christ s first promise to His disciples? Q 13 State in your own words Christ s second promise. The Lord encouraged the disciples to remain in Him. They were to have a living relationship with Christ, just as Christ lives in the Father. They were to accept and follow Him as the Way, the Truth,

168 The Life of Christ and the Life. And they were to love each other as Q 14 Jesus gave His disciples two last promises. Jesus loved them. That was His newest and last But He also gave a final great co mmandcommandment to them. All men would know that ment. State this commandment in you r own they were Christ s disciples if they kept this words. commandment to love.

Chapter Twenty-three The Passover Meal 169 Homework Q 15 Humility is based on strength, not weakness. Review Jn 13:1 3. Christ was able to humble himself to wash His disciples feet. Identify at least four statements in these verses that s how why He could do this. a) __________. b) __________. c) __________. d) __________. Q 16 Review Q 12 and Q 13. Jesus gave His disciples two final promises. One was for t he future, the other for the present. State each promise in your own words. Also, state the Scripture reference for each one. a) Promise for the future: __________, __________. b) Promise for the present: __________, __________. Q 17 Read Mt 26:26 29 and 1Co 11:23 33. Then complete the following statements. a) b) c) d) e) The blood represents __________. The bread represents __________. Believers attitude during Communion should be __________. Communion should be taken as often as __________. Taking Communion proclaims __________.

Class Discussion Q 18 Is foot washing all that is needed to fulfil Christ s command to serve one another ? Is it a necessary part of the Christian life? Explain and give the Scripture references which support y our view. Q 19 What does humble service Christ s example of servanthood? mean to you as a believer? How well are you following in

Q 20 Peter made some proud boasts about his devotion to Christ. Later, these proved t o be empty, broken promises. Should believers be bold in their testimony to follow Christ? How can they do this without following Peter s sad, boastful example? Q 21 Some church groups teach that the wine and bread miraculously change during Holy Communion. They

claim that they actually become the blood and body of Christ. Is this what Jesus meant? Explain. Give the Scripture references that support your view.

170 The Life of Christ

Unit V Summary The Passion Week Chapter Twenty Jesus prepared to enter Jerusalem for the last time. He sent His disciples to ge t a donkey s colt for Him to ride. This fulfilled Zechariah s prophecy. People nearby began cutting branches from the trees and laying them in the road before Him. They began praising God, shouting Hosanna. These people thought J esus was now coming to establish His kingdom in Jerusalem. They thought Israel would be freed from Rome . The Jewish leaders rebuked Jesus for allowing the people to praise Him in this w ay. They feared that the Roman army would strike against Israel. In reply, Jesus told them He would not s ilence His happy followers. The rocks along the road would cry out praises if the people had to be silent. The Lord stopped at one point on His ride to Jerusalem to weep over this city. T he people in Jerusalem would suffer greatly because they were rejecting Him. Only war and destruction awaited them. Jesus entered Jerusalem and went straight to the temple. He again drove out thos e who were abusing the temple. These were businessmen profiting from the people coming to worship God. Then He began teaching the people and healing the sick among them. The Pharisees questioned His authority He would explain His authority if they would first answer a as from man or from heaven. Jesus knew they were hypocrites. Their answer Him. However, they refused to answer His question. And so out His authority. to cleanse the temple. The Lord told them question. He asked them if John s baptism w hypocrisy would be clear if they dared to Jesus refused to answer their question ab

The next day Jesus was passing a fig tree that looked healthy. He was hungry and wanted some figs, but the tree had none. Jesus cursed this tree that represented the fruitless nation of I srael. Later, the disciples saw that the tree had dried up from its roots. Christ used this miracle to teach them about t he power of faith. The Lord compared Israel to a son who promised to do his father s will, but then r efused. He then compared the prostitutes and tax collectors to a son who did just the opposite. At first, thi s second son refused to do his father s will. Later, however, he repented and went to do what his father wanted. Thus, t hese sinners would enter the kingdom of God while the self-righteous Jews would be rejected. Chapter Twenty-One Jesus continued to clash with the Jewish leaders as He taught in parables in the

temple. One parable was about a landowner who had a large vineyard. This man hired farmers to work in his vine yard. These farmers were supposed to give part of the fruit to the owner each year. But they refused when the owner s servants came to collect the fruit. Instead, they beat those servants and even killed some. Final ly, the owner sent his own son to deal with those wicked farmers. But the farmers killed the son, thinking they would t hen inherit the vineyard. Even the Pharisees knew such an owner would kill those rebellious farmers. He would then give the vineyard to others. In answering Christ s questions, those Pharisees condemned themselves. The second parable told of a king who invited guests to attend his son s wedding. But the invited guests refused to come. The king became angry and sent solders to kill those rebels. Still, the feast was ready. So the king sent servants to bring people to the wedding feast. Many people came, including a man who did not put on a wedding garment. This man, who came unprepared, was thrown out of the king s house. Thus G od will reject both types of people: those who refuse His invitation and those who do not prepare themselves. 171

172 The Life of Christ Jesus did not always use parables when confronting the Pharisees and Sadducees. Sometimes their conflicts were open and clear. For example, the Pharisees once tried to trick Jesus into s aying something wrong about government laws. They asked if it was right to pay taxes to Caesar. Jesus told t hem to give to Caesar the coins with his image on them. But He also told them to give to God what belonged to Him (th eir love, worship, and devotion). The Sadducees also tried to trick Jesus with a question about the Resurrection. These Jews did not believe in the Resurrection. They only wanted to see what Jesus would say about this doctri ne. They described a woman who had married each of seven brothers. The brothers had died one after another, lea ving the woman to the next brother. The Sadducees then asked Jesus whose wife she would be in the Resurrection. The Lord told them they did not know the Scriptures nor the power of God. God is not the God of the dead, but of the living. They were all amazed at His teaching and left Him alone. A Pharisee asked Jesus which was the greatest commandment. Jesus told this man t hat the greatest commandment is to love God. The next greatest commandment is to love your neighbour as yours elf. The Pharisee agreed, and then showed that he had some spiritual insight. Jesus told him that he was n ot far from the kingdom of God. Jesus proved from the Scriptures that the Son of David was also David s Lord. The Ph arisees, lawyers, and Sadducees could not understand this truth. Christ warned the people about the hy pocrisy of these men. He also warned Israel s leaders that God s judgement was coming upon them. The wrath of God is upon all spiritual leaders who are guilty of hypocrisy. Chapter Twenty-Two One evening, the disciples commented on the beauty of the temple. Jesus told the m that every stone of the temple would be pulled down. All would be destroyed. They asked when these thing s would happen, and what the sign of His coming would be. The answer Jesus gave them went far beyond the destruction of Jerusalem in A.D. 70. He warned of events that will happen in the last days. These include the coming of false christs, wars an d rumours of wars, famines, and earthquakes. Jesus warned of the Great Tribulation that will come upon the whole earth. The s un, moon, and stars will all be shaken. Then the Son of Man will return suddenly like a flash of lightening. No on e knows the exact hour or day of Christ s return. Only God the Father that knows the time. So believers must be alert, watching for His return. In this way, they will prove themselves to be faithful and wise servants.

The parable of the ten virgins illustrates the need to be ready for His return. Those who are not always ready will not be allowed to enter heaven. The Lord also taught about the last judgement of all nations. Jesus himself will judge the nations. He will divide them into two groups. The sheep-nations will be on His right and the goat -nations on His left. The difference between them will be determined by the way they treated Christ s brother s or followers. At this time, the chief priests and teachers met to discuss how to kill Jesus. J udas probably met with these men then. Judas was paid, and he promised to look for the right time to betray the L ord. Chapter Twenty-Three The Passover was one of the most significant events in the Jewish calendar. This feast helped Israel to remember their great deliverance by God from Egypt. Christ s death at Passover tim e fulfilled Old Testament prophecy and symbolism. Jesus and the disciples ate the Passover meal together. But Jesus gave new meani ng to the wine and bread. The wine represented His blood that would soon be poured out. The bread represented His body that would soon be

Unit Five Summary 173 broken for all mankind. The Lord also washed His disciples feet at this Last Supp er. He did this to teach His followers the importance of serving one another. The Lord told the Twelve that one of them would soon betray Him. All but Judas w ere greatly disturbed by this news. Shortly after this, Judas left the meal to arrange with the Jewish leaders how to betray the Master. Later, Jesus foretold that all of them would forsake Him. Even brave Peter would deny J esus three times. The Passover meal ended with Jesus giving His disciples some final instructions about their future ministry. He then tried to encourage them by promising to return for them. He also told of th e coming of the Holy Spirit as the Comforter. The Spirit would help them to remember everything Jesus had told them . The disciples were to remain in Christ, just as Christ was in the Father. And th ey were to show the world they were His disciples by loving each other.

174 The Life of Christ

Unit 6 Trials and the Crucifixion Chapter Twenty-Four Three Jewish Trials Objectives: Identify the cup that Jesus feared. List, in proper order, the events that happened in the Garden of Gethsemane. Summarise the events at each of the three Jewish trials. Contrast the reactions of Judas and Peter to their guilt. Chapter Twenty-Five Three Roman Trials Objectives: Identify the judge in each of Christ s three Roman trials. Describe the abuse Jesus received before being crucified. Chapter Twenty-Six Christ s Crucifixion and Burial Objectives: Describe Golgotha, including the people who were there during the Cr ucifixion. List the events that happened while Jesus was on the Cross. Identify the miracles that happened during the Crucifixion. Explain why the Jews sealed the tomb and had a Roman guard placed there. 175

176 The Life of Christ

Chapter Twenty-Four Three Jewish Trials Objectives Identify the cup that Jesus feared. List, in proper order, the events that happened in the Garden of Gethsemane. Summarise the events at each of the three Jewish trials. Contrast the reactions of Judas and Peter to their guilt. Chapter Outline I. Gethsemane (Mt 26:30, 36 45; Mk 14:26, 32 41; Lk 22:39 46) A. His sorrow in Gethsemane B. His disciples sleep II. Betrayed and arrested (Mt 26:45 56; Mk 14:42 52; Lk 22:47 53; Jn 18:4 9) A. Jesus is betrayed B. Jesus is arrested C. Peter attacks Malchus III. The first Jewish trial and Peter s denials (Mt 26:58, 69 75; Mk 14:66 72; Lk 22:5 4 62; Jn 18:12 14, 19 23) A. The first trial B. Peter s three denials IV. The second Jewish trial (Mt 26:57 68; 27:3 10; Mk 14:53 65; Lk 22:63 65) A. Witnesses accuse Jesus B. Jesus confesses His deity C. Judas kills himself V. The third Jewish trial (Mt 27:1; Mk 15:1; Lk 22:66 71) Key Words arrested ............ The Lord was arrested the night of the Passover Feast. betrayed........... He was betrayed with a kiss from Judas. denials ............. Peter s three denials of Christ had been foretold by the Mas ter. Gethsemane..... Jesus often went to the Garden of Gethsemane to pray. trial .................. The first trial of Jesus was before Caiaphas, the forme r high priest of Israel. 177

178 The Life of Christ I. Gethsemane Mt 26:30, 36 45; Mk 14:26, 32 41; Lk 22:39 46 A. His Sorrow in Gethsemane The Last Supper ended with Jesus and the eleven1 disciples singing a hymn. Later, they went to the Mount of Olives. Gethsemane was a garden at the base of this small mountain. Jesus often went to this garden to pray. He urged His disciples to pray with Him there that night. Jesus took Peter, James, and John a small distance from the other disciples. There, Jesus told His three closest friends that He was deeply troubled: My soul is overwhelmed with sorrow to the point of death. Stay here and keep watch with me (Mt 26:38). He went a little farther into the Garden to pray alone. Q 1 What did Jesus want from Peter, James, and John? Christ was facing His hardest hour on earth. He was about to drink the cup of death and sin. This cup was filled with more pain than we can fully understand. He would soon face death on a Roman cross. But there was more than a cross in this cup of suffering. Jesus would also bear the sins of the whole world. He had never felt sin. But soon He would be crushed under sin s great weight. And His Father would turn His face from His Only Son because of these sins. Q 2 What did the word cup mean in Christ s prayer? Q 3 Name the two terrible things that were in the cup : a) __________. b) __________. Q 4 What was the worst thing Jesus would experience as He drank the cup. Our Lord did not want to drink from this cup of sin and death. He prayed that it might go away. Yet that was the very reason He came into the world. Jesus had obeyed the will of His Father for thirty-three years. Now this was the last test.

1 Judas had already left at this time: see section II.A in Chapter Twenty-Three. Finally, our Lord again yielded fully to the will of His Father. He prayed, Yet not as I will, but as you will (Mt 26: 39). Q 5 Was it the Father s will for His Son to suffer and die? Explain. B. His Disciples Sleep An angel came to strengthen the Lord as He suffered in the Garden. His body was in agony. His sweat fell like drops of blood to the ground. Jesus then turned to the three disciples nearest to Him. But they were asleep at the time He needed them the most. Jesus rebuked Peter for sleeping: Are you asleep? Could you not keep watch for one hour? (Mk 14:37). Peter showed that the spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak. The Lord then returned to prayer. Later, He again found His disciples asleep. Jesus went back to prayer a third time. After this third prayer time, He returned to His sleeping disciples once more. Christ awakened them and told them to get up. His betrayer had arrived in the Garden. Q 6 Describe everything that happened to Jesus as He prayed in the Garden of Gethsemane. Do this by completing the following items: a) an angel __________. b) His body __________. c) His disciples __________. d) He prayed __________ times. II. Betrayed and Arrested Mt 26:45 56; Mk 14:42 52; Lk 22:47 53; Jn 18:4 9 A. Jesus Is Betrayed Judas knew where to find Jesus. The disciples must have gone often to the Garden to pray with Him. Earlier, Judas had agreed with the chief priests and elders of Israel to betray Jesus. That terrible agreement was now being fulfilled. This betrayer led a large group of men into the Garden of Gethsemane. These men came carrying torches and were armed with clubs and spears. The chief priests and elders had also sent the temple

guard to support the crowd.

Chapter Twenty-four Three Jewish Trials 179 These armed men may not have been able to recognise Jesus in the dark. So Judas had given them a sign to watch for. Jesus would be the One that Judas would kiss. But the Lord knew Judas heart. He asked Judas a question as he came near: Are you betraying the Son of Man with a kiss? (Lk 22:48). Q 7 How did Judas betray Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane? Why did he need to iden tify Jesus like this? B. Jesus Is Arrested Jesus asked the crowd whom they wanted. They told Him, Jesus of Nazareth. He replied, I am he (Jn 18:5). When Jesus said this, they all fell backwards to the ground. Christ s great power had not diminished during His agony in prayer. The Lord questioned these men as they got up to face Him again. He asked why they needed clubs and spears. He had taught the people every day in the temple. Jesus was not leading a secret revolt. Still, they laid hands on Him and started to lead Him away under arrest. C. Peter Attacks Malchus Jesus was being taken away. Peter felt that he must do something to stop this illegal arrest. He bravely (and foolishly) took out his sword to attack the crowd. His first blow landed on Malchus, the high priest s servant. Peter managed to cut off this man s ear. Jesus immediately stopped the fight and rebuked Peter. The Lord then touched the man s ear and healed it. Christ turned to Peter and gave him words of great wisdom. Everyone who draws a sword to fight will die by a sword. He did not want His followers to die by fighting. Jesus told Peter that He could have called twelve legions of angels. These angels would have gladly come to fight for Him. The Lord could have escaped these evil men that way. But then the Scriptures would never have been fulfilled. And the world would never have had a Saviour! Q 8 Why did Jesus rebuke Peter for trying to fight for Him? Q 9 What will happen to those who fight for their

beliefs using a sword? III. The First Jewish Trial and Peter s Denials Mt 26:58, 69 75; Mk 14:66 72; Lk 22:54 62; Jn 18:12 14, 19 23 A. The First Trial The crowd that came for Christ took Him straight to Annas. Annas was an old man at this time. He had been Israel s high priest when he was younger. Yet Annas was still a very powerful leader in Israel. It was true that Caiaphas was now the high priest. But Caiaphas was Annas son-inlaw! Annas asked Jesus about His doctrine and His disciples. Jesus told him that His whole story was well known in Israel. He had taught publicly in the synagogues and in the temple. In fact, Jesus had done nothing in secret. He told Annas to ask those who heard Him teach. Such witnesses could tell what Jesus had taught. Q 10 How did Jesus respond to Annas questions? Christ s answer to Annas made one of the officials very angry. This man struck Jesus in the face. Jesus told them all to testify if He had said something wrong. Then He added, But if I spoke the truth, why did you strike me? (Jn 18:23). Annas then sent Jesus to Caiaphas, the real high priest. B. Peter s Three Denials Angry armed men had arrested Jesus and taken Him from the Garden. Peter followed them at a distance. He even followed Jesus into the palace of the high priest. But Peter remained outside the house while Jesus was being questioned. A young girl there believed that Peter was one of Christ s disciples. She asked him if she was right. Peter denied this. He was afraid to be known as a disciple while standing that close to the Jewish elders. Q 11 Why was Peter afraid to tell the truth to the young girl? Peter denied the Lord. He then went to stand with others who were warming themselves by a

180 The Life of Christ fire. Another person asked him if he was one of Christ s disciples. Peter again denied having any relationship with Jesus. Still another person accused Peter of being one of Christ s disciples. This man said Peter talked like a man from Galilee. In reply, Peter began to curse and swear that he did not know the Man. At that moment, a rooster began to crow. Earlier that night, Jesus had predicted Peter s denial. Now, Peter had denied Him three times. The rooster s crowing brought Peter back to his senses. He clearly remembered Christ s warning that a rooster would crow after Peter s third denial. His heart was immediately filled with guilt and great sorrow. Peter fled the palace area, weeping bitterly for his failure. Q 12 How did Peter show His complete failure as a loyal disciple of Jesus? How did he react to his failure? IV. The Second Jewish Trial Mt 26:57 68; 27:3 10; Mk 14:53 65; Lk 22:63 65 A. Witnesses Accuse Jesus Jesus was taken before Caiaphas, the high priest of Israel. Some of the chief priests, elders, and teachers of the Law were there. This was an illegal meeting of the Sanhedrin, Israel s governing council. A legal meeting of the Sanhedrin could only be held during the day. But these men wanted to finish this trial while it was still night. They wanted to reach a decision before the rest of Jerusalem could learn of Christ s arrest. Q 13 What was the Sanhedrin? Why did they meet at night? Witnesses came forward to accuse Jesus. But their testimonies did not agree and were of no legal value. Finally, two witnesses agreed about one of Christ s statements. Earlier, Jesus had said that He could rebuild the temple in three days if they destroyed it. Of course, Jesus was talking about His body. Jesus would be raised to life three days after His temple was killed. The Jews believe that He was talking about the real temple in Jerusalem. Even so, this accusation was not enough to justify killing Him. B. Jesus Confesses His Deity

The high priest was troubled because no witness could condemn Jesus. So he asked Jesus directly if He was the Christ, the Son of the Blessed One (Mk 14:61). Jesus had been silent until this time. But He answered the high priest s question honestly: I am. . . . And you will see the Son of Man sit ting at the right hand of the Mighty One and coming on the clouds of heaven. (Mk 14:62) This statement was all the Sanhedrin needed to hear. The high priest tore his clothes in anger. No other witnesses needed to be called. Blasphemy against Almighty God was the charge against Jesus. Based on His own statement, they all condemned Him as being worthy of death. Then these leaders of Israel began to spit on Him. They blindfolded Him and began to hit Him with their fists. In mocking tones, they asked Jesus to prophesy which one of them had hit Him. Finally, the temple guards took Him away and beat Him. Q 14 In what way was the Sanhedrin involved in Christ s death? Q 15 What did Jesus say that identified Him with God? Q 16 Name three ways the Jews abused the Lord. a) __________. b) __________. c) __________. C. Judas Kills Himself Judas may have been in the high priest s house during this illegal trial. Judas had probably never thought this abuse would happen to the Lord. He knew how powerful Jesus was. Judas had seen Christ s mighty works for three years. Perhaps he thought Jesus would now use His power to defend himself. Judas had gained thirty pieces of silver. But he was losing his Lord and Master. Regret and shame filled his heart. Judas tried to return the money to the chief priests and elders. He even confessed his sin before them: I have sinned, . . . for I have betrayed innocent blood (Mt 27:4). But these men were not touched by Judas confession. And they refused to accept the money back from him. So he threw the coins into the

temple and left. Judas then went out and hanged himself. The chief priest collected the money returned by Judas. It was the price of blood. They could not legally return it to the temple collection. So these men decided to use the money to buy a plot of ground. The plot would become a burial place for poor people. This purchase fulfilled a prophecy found in Zechariah 11:12 13. Q 17 What did Judas probably believe Jesus would do? Q 18 What happened to the thirty pieces of silver? V. The Third Jewish Trial Mt 27:1; Mk 15:1; Lk 22:66 71 The second Jewish trial had been illegal because it was held at night. Early the following morning, Jesus was again brought before the Sanhedrin. Some of the Sanhedrin members may Chapter Twenty-four Three Jewish Trials 181 not have been at the night trial. So they demanded that Jesus repeat His statement. They said, If you are the Christ, . . . tell us (Lk 22:67). Jesus told the Sanhedrin they would not believe Him if He answered them. He then repeated what He had said earlier during the night: But from now on, the Son of Man will be seated at the right hand of the mighty God (Lk 22:69). Q 19 Why did the Sanhedrin ask Jesus to repeat His statement during the third Jewish trial? The full Sanhedrin was not satisfied with this answer. So their leaders asked a direct question: Are you then the Son of God (22:70). Christ gave a clear and direct answer: You are right in saying I am (22:70). The full Sanhedrin then agreed that witnesses were no longer needed. Jesus was judged to be worthy of death because of His honest answer. Q 20 State in your own words the truthful statement that led to Christ s conviction.

182 The Life of Christ Homework Q 21 Review Q 1 to Q 8. Then list, in correct order, the following events that t ook place in the Garden of Gethsemane: Judas betrayed Jesus the crowd fell down Jesus rebuked Peter, James, and John for sleeping Christ agonised in prayer Peter cut off Malchus ear an angel strengthened Jesus Jesus was arrested Q 22 Review Q 10, Q 13 to Q 15, Q 19 to Q 20. Then complete the following chart about the three Jewish trials. trial questions were asked by: Did Jesus confess His deity? other important events 1. __________ __________ __________ 2. __________ __________ __________ 3. __________ __________ __________ Q 23 Review Q 11 to Q 12, Q 17 to Q 18. Judas and Peter both failed the Lord. They bo th felt great sorrow and guilt. Answer the following questions about their experiences: a) How were their failures alike? __________. b) What did they do after their failures? __________. c) How differently did they respond to their failures? __________. d) What was the final outcome for both men? __________. e) Which example should believers follow after a total failure? __________. Class Discussion Q 24 Some theologians teach that believers should form armies to fight their evil gov ernments. What can we learn about this teaching from Christ s rebuke of Peter? (See Mt 26:52.) Q 25 Jesus referred to His future glory in the middle of His hardest trial (Lk 22:69) . Should believers follow this same general approach in their trials? Explain. (See Ro 8:18.) Q 26 Explain the relationship between Mk 14:34 36 and Heb 4:15.

Chapter Twenty-Five Three Roman Trials Objectives Identify the judge in each of Christ s three Roman trials. Describe the abuse Jesus received before being crucified. Chapter Outline I. The trial before Pilate (Mt 27:2, 11 14; Mk 15:1 15; Lk 23:1 5; Jn 18:28 38) A. The Jews want Christ killed B. Pilate questions Jesus II. The trial before Herod (Lk 23:6 12) III. Barabbas released (Mt 27:15 26; Mk 15:6 15; Lk 23:13 25; Jn 18:39 40) IV. The second trial before Pilate (Mt 27:27 31; Mk 15:16 20; Jn 19:1 16) A. The Lord is condemned B. The soldiers beat Him C. Jesus stands before the Jews Key Words Barabbas.......... Barabbas was released by Rome, even though he was guilty. Herod............... Herod wanted to see a miracle for his own enjoyment. Pilate................ The leaders of Israel demanded that Pilate approve Christ s death. questions.......... Jesus did not respond to any questions from King Herod. trial .................. The third Roman trial was the worst one for Jesus. I. The Trial Before Pilate Mt 27:2, 11 14; Mk 15:1 15; Lk 23:1 5; Jn 18:28 38 A. The Jews Want Christ Killed The Sanhedrin had condemned Jesus to death. However, they did not have the power to kill any prisoner. Only Rome could do that. So the leaders of Israel took Jesus to Pilate, the Roman governor. But these Jews refused to enter Pilate s judgement hall. They would have been ceremonially unclean if they had entered a Gentile building. This was a clear picture of Jewish hypocrisy. They would not enter a Gentile doorway. But they would willingly murder the Son of God. Pilate went out to meet with the Sanhedrin. He wanted to know what charge they were bringing against Christ. The Sanhedrin had judged Him to be guilty of blasphemy. For this reason, the Jews wanted Jesus dead. The chief priests were demanding Rome s help in carrying out their death sentence. 183

184 The Life of Christ The Jews became angry as Pilate was questioning them. Pilate cared nothing about the charge of blasphemy. So they told Pilate that Jesus was guilty of stirring up the people against Caesar. They presented many false charges to the governor about the Lord. Q 1 Why could the Jews not kill Jesus themselves? Q 2 Pilate did not care about blasphemy. What charge did the Jews then bring to Pilate against Jesus? B. Pilate Questions Jesus Pilate called Jesus to stand before him in the judgement hall. He first asked Jesus if He was the king of the Jews. Jesus replied, Yes, it is as you say (Lk 23:3). However, the Lord added that His kingdom was not an earthly one. It was a spiritual kingdom: Everyone on the side of truth knew Him as their King (Jn 18:37). Pilate then asked, What is truth? (Jn 18:38a). The governor went out to meet again with the Jewish leaders. He told them, I find no basis for a charge against this man (Lk 23:4). The Jews again accused Jesus of many things, but He remained silent before His enemies. Pilate ignored their accusations until they mentioned that Jesus was from Galilee. Pilate suddenly thought he could shift this problem to King Herod. The king of Galilee was in Jerusalem for the Passover. Herod should be the one to judge this king of the Jews. Q 3 Why did Pilate send Jesus to King Herod? II. The Trial before Herod Lk 23:6 12 Pilate sent Jesus to stand before Herod for judgement. Herod was happy to meet with Jesus. He had heard much about this prophet from Galilee. Jesus was well known for His miracles, and Herod wanted to see one. Now Jesus was standing before him as a prisoner. Herod asked Jesus many questions, but Jesus said nothing. Herod had killed John the Baptist. Perhaps Herod had forgotten about John, but Jesus remembered. Herod was not worthy of any attention from Jesus. So the Lord just ignored him. The chief priests and teachers of the Law accused Jesus of many things. Herod and his soldiers abused and mocked Him. They dressed Jesus in a royal robe, since He claimed to be a king. And they beat Him. Still, no one could bring a

serious charge against Jesus. Finally, Herod sent Him back to Pilate for trial. Herod could not find any reason to condemn Him. Q 4 Why was Herod happy to see Jesus brought before him for trial? Q 5 Describe the abuse Jesus received from Herod s soldiers. III. Barabbas Released Mt 27:15 26; Mk 15:6 15; Lk 23:13 25 Pilate could not escape the responsibility for judging Jesus. Again, the Lord stood before him. Pilate had to do something. The pressure from the Jews was growing. Then Pilate remembered the Roman custom of releasing one prisoner at this time of year. He wanted to release Jesus. But the choice of prisoner was up to the people. The governor asked the people of Jerusalem which prisoner he should release. He was surprised when the people shouted Barabbas! Barabbas was a rebel and a murderer. He clearly deserved to die, but would be released. Jesus clearly deserved to live, but would be killed. Q 6 Who was Barabbas? What happened to him? IV. The Second Trial before Pilate Mt 27:27 31; Mk 15:16 20; Jn 19:1 16 A. The Lord Is Condemned Pilate again said he found no guilt in Jesus. The Jewish leaders then started shouting, Crucify him! (Lk 23:21, 23). Pilate finally agreed to their demand. But he told the people that he was innocent of this crime. Pilate washed his hands in front of the people as a symbol of his innocence. Yet no amount of washing could remove his guilt. The people then began to shout fearful almost unbelievable words. They willingly condemned

themselves by shouting, Let his blood be on us and on our children! (Mt 27:25). And so it was! Q 7 What did Pilate s act of washing his hands in public mean? Q 8 How did the Jews condemn themselves? B. The Soldiers Beat Him The governor turned Jesus over to his soldiers. They took Him out into the common hall. There, these Romans beat the Lord terribly with a whip. Isaiah prophesied concerning this punishment: I offered my back to those who beat me, my cheeks to those who pulled out my beard; I did not hide my face from mocking and spitting. (Isa 50:6) This Roman whip was made of strips of leather. Each leather strip had a piece of metal or bone tied into it. A beating with this whip was a terrible punishment. Roman prisoners often died or went completely insane (mad) during such beatings. After this beating, the Roman soldiers then dressed Christ in Herod s royal robe. They mocked Jesus for claiming to be a king. These cruel men also made a circle of thorns and pushed this crown onto His head. Then they bowed down before Him, acting as if they were worshipping the Lord. The soldiers continued this abuse for some time. They spit on Him and beat His head many times with sticks. Chapter Twenty-five Three Roman Trials 185 Q 9 Describe the physical beatings that Jesus received from Pilate s soldiers. Q 10 Describe the mocking words and actions that Jesus suffered. C. Jesus Stands before the Jews Finally, the Roman soldiers put His own clothes back on Him. They brought Him before Pilate at the judgement hall. Pilate made one last appeal to the crowd standing before him. The governor showed Jesus, bleeding and bruised, to the angry Jews. Again Pilate said, I find no basis for a charge against Him (Jn 19:6). Yet the crowd only shouted more loudly for Him to be crucified.

The Jewish leaders then used one last argument with Pilate. They said they would report the governor to Rome if he did not crucify Jesus. Pilate feared their report and Caesar s possible anger against him. Pilate did not want to lose his political position. So he finally gave the order for Jesus to be crucified. The soldiers then led Him away to die. Q 11 Why did Pilate bring Jesus, beaten and bleeding, to stand before the people again? Q 12 What did Pilate fear most? Q 13 What did Pilate finally do to please the Jews?

186 The Life of Christ Homework Q 14 Review Q 3 to Q 13. Then complete the following chart regarding the three R oman trials: what Jesus trial judge s name did or said judge s decision first ............. __________ __________ __________ second ........ __________ __________ __________ third ........... __________ __________ __________ Q 15 Review this chapter s content. Then answer the following questions: a) b) c) d) e) f) In In In In In In which which which which which which trial was Jesus first beaten? __________. trials was Jesus mocked by soldiers? __________. trial did Jesus say nothing? __________. trial did Jesus talk about knowing the truth? __________. trial was Barabbas released? __________. trials was Jesus dressed in royal robes? __________.

Class Discussion Q 16 Jesus kept silent before Herod, but discussed things with Pilate. a) Why did Jesus respond to these two men differently? b) Should believers ever keep silent when being accused of things they did not d o? Explain. Q 17 Pilate wanted to release Jesus because he knew that Jesus was innocent. But he f inally yielded to the pressure from the people. Do pastors ever do this? If so, what is usually the ou tcome? If not, what helps them to resist such pressure? Is pressure from mature church members alway s a bad thing? Q 18 List all of the abuse and beatings Jesus received during His three Roman trials. Act out these trials as a brief drama. Be aware of the impact of this drama as you watch it. Discuss the u se of dramas in church ministry.

Chapter Twenty-Six Christ s Crucifixion and Burial Objectives Describe Golgotha, including the people who were there during the Crucifixion. List the events that happened while Jesus was on the Cross. Identify the miracles that happened during the Crucifixion. Explain why the Jews sealed the tomb and had a Roman guard placed there. Chapter Outline I. On the way to Calvary (Mt 27:32; Mk 15:21; Lk 23:26 32) II. The Crucifixion setting (Mt 27:33 37; Mk 15:22 26; Lk 23:33 38) A. The place B. His title and His clothes III. Suffering on the Cross (Mt 27:39 56; Mk 15:29 41; Lk 23:34 49) A. Abused by the Romans and the Jews B. His last words C. The end D. Signs and wonders at His death IV. His burial (Mt 27:57 66; Mk 15:42 47; Lk 23:50 56) A. His tomb B. The Roman watch Key Words body................. Nicodemus and Joseph quickly prepared His body for burial. Cross................ He hung on the Cross for about six hours. Crucifixion ...... The Crucifixion involved terrible physical and spiritual suff ering. death................ His death allowed the offer of life to be given to all men . suffering .......... We will never fully understand Christ s suffering for our sin s. tomb ................ His body was laid in Joseph s new tomb. 187

188 The Life of Christ I. On the Way to Calvary Mt 27:32; Mk 15:21; Lk 23:26 32 Jesus had to carry His own cross to the place of His Crucifixion. This was a Roman custom for condemned prisoners. Jesus and two other prisoners started the long walk to their deaths. Unlike the other two men, the Lord had been whipped and beaten for hours. He was not able to carry His cross far. His strength failed completely as He walked to Golgotha. A man named Simon of Cyrene was watching in the crowd. Simon must have been standing near the Lord when He fell. A Roman soldier forced Simon pick up the cross. Simon then carried the cross for Jesus the rest of the way to Golgotha. Q 1 Why did Simon of Cyrene have to carry the cross for Jesus? Jerusalem was filled with visitors during the Passover season. Some of these people came to watch these three condemned men die. Others mourned for Christ. Some women were crying for the Lord as He walked along. He told them not to weep for Him: Weep for yourselves and your children (Lk 23:28). Jesus continued to teach people even while He was in great pain. He warned them that terrible days were coming soon. People would say that a childless woman was blessed in those days. Life in Jerusalem was going to become unbearable. Many would even pray for the mountains and hills to fall on them. Three men were crucified that day; Jesus hung between two common criminals. These two men were guilty of terrible crimes. But the Lord was not guilty at all. Even so, Jesus was numbered with the transgressors (Isa 53:12). Isaiah s prophecy was fulfilled in every detail. Q 2 State in your own words Christ s prophecy about Jerusalem. II. The Crucifixion Setting Mt 27:33 37; Mk 15:22 26; Lk 23:33 38 A. The Place Christ s death fulfilled the Old Testament sin offering in every way. For example, they took Him outside the camp (Lev 4:12; see also Heb 13:11 12). Jesus walked out of Jerusalem s gates as a broken, bleeding, and rejected Saviour of the world.

The place of His Crucifixion was called Golgotha. This was a small hill that may have been shaped like a skull. Or this name may have come from the frequent crucifixions that happened there. We are not sure why the Jews used the name Golgotha. Christians often speak and sing about Calvary. Calvary and Golgotha are two names for the same place. Golgotha is a word in the Aramaic language. The early Latin Bible translated this word as Calvary. Calvary is more commonly used in Christian worship than is Golgotha. Q 3 What is the relationship between these words: Calvary and Golgotha? B. His Title and His Clothes Pilate had ordered a sign to be made and nailed to the top of Christ s cross. The sign said: THIS IS JESUS, THE KING OF THE JEWS (Mt 27:37). The sign was written in three languages: Hebrew, Greek, and Latin. Everyone who could read was able to understand its message. Jesus was dying for the sins of the entire world. The leaders of the Sanhedrin led the group walking to Golgotha. They witnessed everything that happened to the Lord. These men became angry when they saw the sign that Pilate had made. In fact, they returned to Pilate to argue with him about this sign. The Jews wanted him to change the words. But Pilate refused to change anything he had written. Q 4 Why was the sign above Christ s head on His cross important? Jesus suffered much abuse and shame on the cross. The Roman guards stripped off His outer clothing. They divided His clothes among them. But the robe that Jesus wore was special. It was made of one piece of cloth; it had no seam in it. The soldiers would have spoiled the entire robe if they had cut it up among them. So they cast lots or gambled for it. The winner got the robe. These godless men were fulfilling prophecy without knowing it. Psalms 22:18 states, They divide my

Chapter Twenty-six Christ s Crucifixion and Burial 189 garments among them and cast lots for my clothing. Q 5 What did the Romans do to Jesus as He hung on the cross? III. Suffering on the Cross Mt 27:39 56; Mk 15:29 41; Lk 23:34 49 A. Abused by the Romans and the Jews Most of the people who stood near the cross hated Jesus. They shook their heads at Him and insulted Him in every way possible. The Jews reminded Jesus of His claim about the temple. Earlier, Jesus had claimed that He could rebuild the temple in three days if it was destroyed. Of course, Jesus was talking only about His body. These Jews said He should now save himself from the cross if He could. If He did this, they promised to believe that He was the Son of God. Jesus knew those Jews would never believe in Him. This was only a temptation. Three years earlier, Satan had tempted Jesus in a similar way. Satan wanted Jesus to prove that He was, in fact, God s Son.1 Jesus refused Satan s temptation then. And now He refused the temptation to leave the cross. The Roman soldiers also mocked Jesus for claiming to be a king. Even one of the two thieves being crucified with Him mocked and abused the Lord. The Jews, Romans, and even a dying criminal all insulted Jesus as He suffered. The chief priests and elders had led the procession to Golgotha. They stayed there to enjoy watching Christ suffer. These leaders of Israel were partly right in what they said: He saved others . . . but he can t save himself! (Mt 27:42). Jesus could have saved himself. But He refused to do so. He was giving His life to save others. Q 6 Describe the abuse Jesus received as He hung on the cross. B. His Last Words Jesus hung on the cross for about six hours. His suffering lasted from about 9:00 A.M. until about 3:00 P.M. The Lord was not silent during these long hours. He spoke seven times. These seven statements show us a great deal about our Saviour s heart. Three of these statements were prayers to His Father. Some of His words benefited others.

The last three statements were for himself. The Lord prayed for those who were killing Him: Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing (Lk 23:34). Here Jesus showed His great love for lost human beings. He knew that those who stood watching Him were spiritually blind. Those Jews could not know how great their sin was. They did not understand that they were crucifying the Lord of Glory. Q 7 What did Jesus ask God to do for those who were killing Him? Christ s suffering on the cross was terrible. Still, He could hear one man s cry for mercy. One of the two criminals being crucified called out to Him for spiritual help. This man said, Jesus, remember me when you come into your kingdom (Lk 23:42). This thief knew that Jesus was innocent. And he knew that he and his fellow criminal deserved to die (Lk 23:41). This repentant thief did not ask to be saved from his own cross. He was only asking for mercy after death. Jesus promised this dying man they would be together in Paradise that same day. Salvation came to a dying Jewish thief on a Roman cross. It came even as the Saviour was dying to bring that salvation to all men. Many years before that day, the prophet Simeon had told Mary of her future suffering. Simeon prophesied that a sword would pierce Mary s own soul (Lk 2:35). Now that prophecy was being fulfilled. She stood watching the suffering of her Son. She could neither help nor comfort Him. Mary could only suffer in her own heart with Him. Jesus responded to her suffering by planning for her future care and support. John would care for her: Dear woman, here is your son (Jn 19:26). He then told John, Here is your mother (19:27). John took Mary into his home and cared for her from that day. 1 See section III in Chapter Five.

190 The Life of Christ The area around Jerusalem turned as dark as night around 12:00 P.M. It remained dark for three hours. About 3:00 P.M., Jesus cried out in terrible agony: I am thirsty (Jn 19:28). Then the full impact of the separation between Father and Son struck Jesus. He cried out, My God, my God, why have you forsaken me? (Mk 15:34). This was Christ s darkest hour. This was the time His Father laid upon Him the sin of the whole world. God the Father had to turn away from His Son. Their fellowship was ripped apart because of the world s sin. This separation had never happened to Jesus. For a moment in time, He felt the suffering of a sinner. Jesus was in darkness, rejected by God. Our Lord tasted death for every sinful man (Heb 2:9). This was necessary in order to pay the price for the sins of the world. Q 8 What did Jesus promise the dying thief? Q 9 What did Jesus do for His mother? Q 10 List everything that happened from about 12:00 P.M. to 3:00 P.M. during the Crucifixion. C. The End The last two statements given by Jesus spoke of the end of His mission. John 19:30 records Christ s words: It is finished. This was a great, official statement. Jesus had earlier said that His meat was to do the will of God. He had come into the world to finish God s work (see Jn 4:34). Now His work and mission on earth were finished. Now He had brought redemption to the whole world. His final statement showed His complete trust in His Father. Jesus cried out, Father, into your hands I commit my spirit (Lk 23:46). Jesus was His Father s beloved Son. He had trusted God completely with His body, soul, and spirit while on earth. He continued to trust His Father with His spirit as He died. Then the Lord bowed His head and died. Q 11 Christ s last two statements on the cross were very important. What did each state ment show? a) __________.

b) __________. D. Signs and Wonders at His Death Three great signs happened immediately after Jesus died. The first involved the thick cloth curtain that hung in the temple. This curtain divided the Most Holy Place from the Holy Place. It was sixty feet long and twenty feet high, and as thick as a person s hand. Only the Jewish high priest was allowed to walk past it into the Most Holy Place. He was allowed to do this only once a year. When Jesus died, God himself tore that curtain apart from top to bottom. The way to God was now open for all. Anyone could now walk into God s presence (see Heb 9:8; 10:19 20). Jesus is the Way to the Father. Q 12 What happened to the curtain in the temple? Explain why this was important. The second great sign was an earthquake. The earth shook and rocks split apart the moment God s Son died. This earthquake opened many graves in Jerusalem, which then led to the third sign. This third sign was the resurrection of many dead people. They came out of their graves and tombs. These people appeared to many in Jerusalem after Christ s resurrection. The Roman centurion was greatly affected by the strange darkness and the earthquake. He and the other Roman soldiers were filled with great fear. He said, Surely he was the Son of God! (Mt 27:54). Even those Gentile soldiers understood some of what had just happened. The Jews who had watched Him die beat their chests and walked away from Golgotha. Jesus Christ was dead. The plan of salvation could now become a reality. Q 13 How were the second and third great signs related? Q 14 Why were the Roman soldiers filled with fear? IV. His Burial Mt 27:57 66; Mk 15:42 47; Lk 23:50 56 A. His Tomb Jesus trusted His Father with both His spirit and His body. And God the Father planned for His Son s burial. Christ s lifeless body would soon be resurrected, so it had to have a proper burial.

Chapter Twenty-six Christ s Crucifixion and Burial 191 Joseph of Arimathea was moved by God to care for Christ s body. This rich man was a secret disciple of Jesus. Now he openly went to Pilate to request the Lord s body. Pilate could not believe Jesus had died so quickly. He called the centurion to find out if this was true. The centurion reported that Jesus was indeed dead. So Pilate released the body to Joseph. Joseph and Nicodemus (see Jn 3) quickly prepared Christ s body for burial. They had to act quickly because the Sabbath was near. Nicodemus supplied the customary large mixture of myrrh and aloes. There was a garden at the base of Golgotha. Joseph had a new tomb built in this garden. It had recently been carved out of the hillside rock. He must have made this tomb for his own future use. No body had ever been put in it. Joseph and Nicodemus buried Jesus there. Then they rolled a great stone over the entrance to protect His body. Q 15 List everything that Joseph did after Christ s death. Q 16 List everything that Nicodemus did after Christ s death. Mary Magdalene and the other Mary watched to see where His body was taken. They planned to return to the tomb later to complete its final burial preparation. This involved putting more spices and ointments on His body. However, they had to wait until after the Sabbath day to do this. B. The Roman Watch The next day, the chief priests and Pharisees went to talk with Pilate. They remembered one of Christ s statements: After three days I will rise again (Mt 27:63). This prediction must have deeply troubled the Jewish leaders. In fact, they remembered this prophecy better than His own disciples did! So the Jews asked Pilate to send Roman soldiers to guard the tomb. These Jews were afraid Christ s disciples would come to steal His body. They feared that the disciples would then report that Jesus had risen. This last deception would then be worse than the first. The chief priests and elders knew that a reported resurrection would stir all Israel. Pilate told these Jewish leaders to set a watch themselves. They could secure the tomb in any way they

wanted. So these men had the tomb sealed. And a group of Roman guards were placed there to stop anyone from stealing the body. These leaders of Israel thought nothing could bring Jesus out of that tomb. They were very wrong! Q 17 What statement caused the Jewish leaders to request that the tomb be guarded? Q 18 What did Israel s leaders fear?

192 The Life of Christ Homework Q 19 Name everyone who was at Golgotha when Jesus was crucified. Q 20 Review sections I and II.B. Name two Old Testament prophecies that were fulfille d during the Crucifixion. Include the biblical reference for each one. State in your own words the basic m essage of these prophecies. prophecy reference message a) __________ __________ __________. b) __________ __________ __________. Q 21 List in correct order the last seven statements Jesus made on the cross. State i n your own words the importance or significance of each statement. statement importance a) __________ __________ b) __________ __________ c) __________ __________ d) __________ __________ e) __________ __________ f) __________ __________ g) __________ __________ Q 22 Review sections III.B and D. Name four miraculous signs that took place while Je sus was on the cross. a) __________. b) __________. c) __________. d) __________. Class Discussion Q 23 Why do many Christians use the word Calvary instead of Golgotha? Q 24 What was happening in the minds of the Jewish leaders the day after Christ s death ? Why were they able to remember Christ s prophecy better than His own disciples? Q 25 When was the plan of salvation completed? Is this what Jesus meant in John 19:30 ? Explain. Q 26 In what way did Joseph and Nicodemus show great courage?

Q 27 Is it always possible to be a secret hose who are not publicly identified as Christians?

disciple of Jesus? Is God ever pleased with t

Unit VI Summary Trials and the Crucifixion Chapter Twenty-Four After the Passover meal, Jesus and the remaining eleven disciples went to the Mo unt of Olives. Gethsemane was a small garden on the Mount of Olives. Jesus and the Twelve often went there for prayer. That night, Jesus took Peter, James, and John aside to pray with and for Him. Christ faced great s orrow and agony in Gethsemane. He did not want to drink the cup of sin and death that was before Him. Finally, He gave himself completely to the Father s will. The Lord found His disciples sleeping three times while He prayed. He rebuked th em for being weak and for not watching with Him. Then Judas and a crowd of men from the chief priests arrived in the Garden. Judas kissed Jesus to identify the Lord to the soldiers. They arrested Him and started to take Him to the high priest. Just then, Peter attacked Malchus with a sword. Jesus rebuked this act of violen ce and healed the servant s ear. Jesus faced three Jewish trials during the next several hours. The first was bef ore Annas, the high priest s father-in-law. It was during this private trial that Peter, waiting outside, den ied the Lord three times. A rooster then began to crow. This was the sign Jesus had given when predicting Peter s deni al. The second trial was before the high priest Caiaphas. Some members of the Sanhed rin were there that night. Witnesses were called to testify against Jesus. But their testimonies did not ag ree. Finally, Caiaphas asked Jesus a direct question regarding His claim to deity. Jesus answered that He was the Christ, the Son of the Blessed One (Mk 14:61). They then accused Jesus of blasphemy and needed no more w itnesses. Around this time, Judas tried to return the money he had taken to betray Jesus. Then he went out killed himself. The third Jewish trial was before the full Sanhedrin early the next morning. Jes us again confessed that He was the Messiah, the Son of God. The leaders of Israel then condemned Him to dea th. Chapter Twenty-Five The Lord also faced three trials before the Romans. The first trial was before P ilate, the Roman governor. The Jewish leaders brought Christ to Pilate for trial. Only the Romans could leg ally put a person to death. Pilate questioned both the Jews and Jesus, but could not find any basis for a le gal charge. In frustration, Pilate sent Jesus to be tried by King Herod.

Herod asked Jesus many questions. But the Lord said nothing to this man who had killed John. Herod s soldiers then beat and abused Jesus before sending Him back to Pilate. Pilate wanted to release Christ during the third Roman trial. But the crowd dema nded that Barabbas, not Jesus, be released. They then began to call for Jesus to be crucified. Pilate or dered Him to be beaten by the soldiers. Apparently, Pilate hoped that this terrible beating would satisfy the angry Jews. Instead, the Jews threatened to report Pilate to Caesar if he did not crucify the Lord. Pilate fin ally agreed, and the soldiers led the Lord of Glory away to be killed. 193

194 The Life of Christ Chapter Twenty-Six Jesus had to carry His own cross to Golgotha (Calvary). But He was very weak fro m being beaten and abused for many hours. Finally, His strength failed Him completely. Simon of Cyr ene had to finish carrying the cross to Golgotha for Him. Two thieves were crucified that day with Christ. Even this fulfilled Old Testame nt prophecy (Isa 53:12). Pilate ordered that a sign be put on the top of His cross. This sign announced t hat Jesus was the King of the Jews. The Roman guards divided His clothes among them as they continued to abuse Him. The Jewish crowd insulted and mocked Him. They promised to believe in Christ if He would come dow n from the cross. Our Lord made seven last statements as He hung on the cross. He prayed that the Father would forgive His killers. Jesus also gave hope of eternal life to one of the dying thieves. And H e made arrangements for the care of His mother. In the strange darkness that afternoon, Jesus cried out for something to drink. Then He called out for His Father as God turned His back on His only Son. Their fellowship was broken as th e sins of whole world crushed Him. Finally, Jesus cried out that His life and ministry on earth were finished. He c ommitted His spirit into His Father s hands, and then died. Three great signs immediately happened. First, the thick curtain in the temple was ripped apart from top to bottom. This curtain divided the Holy Place from th e Most Holy Place. Second, a great earthquake shook the entire area and broke open some graves. And third, ma ny dead people came out of their graves alive. Even the Roman centurion in charge of the crucifixion was fi lled with fear because of these signs. He realised that he had just crucified the Son of God. God moved upon Joseph of Arimathea to bury Christ s body. This rich man was a secr et disciple. Pilate released the body to Joseph, who put it in his own tomb. Joseph and Nicodemus qu ickly prepared Christ s body, then rolled a large stone over the entrance. The chief priests and Pharisees asked Pilate to send Roman soldiers to guard the tomb. They feared that the disciples would steal the body and then claim that Jesus was risen. Pilate gave them permission to seal the tomb and send soldiers to guard it.

Unit 7 The Forty Days after His Resurrection Chapter Twenty-Seven The Resurrection Events Objectives: Identify everyone who visited the empty tomb. Explain the importance of what Peter and John saw in the tomb. State the source of the lie that spread among the Jews about Christ s missing body . Chapter Twenty-Eight Jesus Appears to His Disciples Objectives: Explain why Jesus hid His identity from the disciples walking to Emm aus. Cite the two proofs of His identity that Jesus offered to His disciples. Outline the plan of salvation, emphasising the role of the disciples. State from memory Christ s promise about the Holy Spirit. Chapter Twenty-Nine Christ s Ascension, Present Ministry, and Future Return Objectives: Describe Christ s ascension, including the events just before and afte r it. List Christ s present roles and activities. Identify the two stages of the Second Coming. 195

196 The Life of Christ

Chapter Twenty-Seven The Resurrection Events Objectives Identify everyone who visited the empty tomb. Explain the importance of what Peter and John saw in the tomb. State the source of the lie that spread among the Jews about Christ s missing body . Chapter Outline I. Jesus is raised (Mt 28:2 4) II. Visitors at the empty tomb (Mt 28:1, 5 8; Mk 16:1 8; Lk 24:1 12; Jn 20:2 10) A. The women visit first B. Peter and John run to the tomb III. Jesus appears to Mary and the other women (Mt 28:9 10; Mk 16:9 11; Jn 20:11 18) IV. The guards report the Resurrection (Mt 28:11 15) Key Words angels .............. Two angels told Mary not to fear, that Jesus was risen. appeared .......... Jesus appeared to the women after He arose from the dead. empty............... Peter was the first to enter the empty tomb. guards.............. The Roman guards were totally consumed with fear. Resurrection .... The Resurrection was marked by an earthquake and many miracles . tomb ................ The tomb and His burial clothes contained nothing. visit.................. Mary was the first to visit the tomb. women............. The women ran to report what they had seen to Christ s other fo llowers. I. Jesus Is Raised Mt 28:2 4 Jesus had foretold the length of His stay in the grave. He had said, For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of a huge fish, so the Son of Man will be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth. (Mt 12:40)1 Before He was killed, the Lord knew that He would be resurrected. Death could not hold Him. The Jewish day began at sunset each evening. Jesus was raised from the dead some time after that hour. This happened on the first day of the week the third day since His death. Romans 6:4 tells us that Jesus was raised by the glory of the Father. Christ had trusted His Father with His spirit (Lk 23:46). The Father now glorified His Son in this Resurrection. 1 See also Mt 16:21.

197

198 The Life of Christ An earthquake shook Jerusalem when Jesus died. A violent earthquake again hit the area around the tomb. An angel came and rolled away the stone that had sealed the tomb. He then sat down on this large stone. This angel looked like lightning! His clothes were as white as snow. The guards at the tomb were terrified by this angel. They began to shake with fear, and fell to the ground before him. Matthew said the guards became like dead men (28:4). Evil Jewish men had fallen to the ground when they came to arrest Jesus (Jn 18:6). Now Roman guards fell to the ground when God s angel appeared. Q 1 In what way was the prophet Jonah and Jesus alike? (See Mt 12:40.) Q 2 Name two miraculous signs that happened when Jesus was resurrected: a) __________. b) __________. II. Visitors at the Empty Tomb Mt 28:1, 5 8; Mk 16:1 8; Lk 24:1 12; Jn 20:2 10 A. Women Visit First A group of women disciples had prepared burial spices after the Sabbath was over. These women included Mary Magdalene and the other Mary (Mt 28:1). This other woman named Mary was the mother of James. Mary Magdalene seemed to be their leader. It appears that she arrived at the tomb before the others did. Mary saw that the stone had been rolled away. She ran to report this to the other disciples. Mary thought someone had stolen Christ s body. Shortly after this, the other women arrived at the tomb. They met the angel there. These women were filled with great fear. The tomb was empty. Jesus was gone. And they were now face to face with an angel. They bowed down to the ground in fear. But the angel told them to not be afraid. He then told these women: You are looking for Jesus the Nazarene, who was crucified. He has risen! He is not here. See the place where they laid him. (Mk 16:6)

The women then ran to report all of this to the other disciples. They were trembling and bewildered as they left. Q 3 Who was the first person to visit the tomb? What did this person believe about the empty tomb? Q 4 Why did the other women become so filled with fear when they came to the tomb? B. Peter and John Run to the Tomb Mary Magdalene was the first to bring a report from the tomb. But she had not seen the angel, only the empty tomb with the stone rolled away. Mary thought His body had been taken away. This is what she reported to the disciples. Peter and John believed her report. They the tomb to see for themselves. John ran Peter, but was afraid to enter at first. caught up with John and entered the tomb see what was there. ran to faster than Peter soon first to

These two disciples found that the tomb contained no body. But they did see the burial cloths that had been wrapped around Christ. Here was another miracle of the Resurrection. A burial cloth had been wrapped around His head. Now it was folded, lying by itself. And the strips of linen cloth were just neatly lying there, holding nothing. Christ s body had not been stolen. No body thief would stop to unwind these cloth strips. It seemed as if the body had just vanished. John believed in the Resurrection when he saw this empty tomb. Jesus had risen, just as He had prophesied! Q 5 Describe what Peter and John saw in the tomb. Q 6 Why was the appearance of the strips of burial cloths important? III. Jesus Appears to Mary and the Other Women Mt 28:9 10; Mk 16:9 11; Jn 20:11 18 Mary Magdalene was the first to see Jesus after His Resurrection. She had run from the empty tomb to report to Peter and John. Then she returned

Chapter Twenty-seven The Resurrection Events 199 to the tomb. But Peter and John had left the tomb by the time she arrived there. Mary stood crying outside the tomb before entering it. Suddenly, she saw two angels there, dressed in white. These angels asked her why she was crying. She told them, They have taken my Lord away, . . . and I don t know where they have put him (Jn 20:13). She did not know that He had risen from the dead. Mary still thought His body had been stolen. She only wanted to know where the body had been taken. Even alone, Mary would have tried to carry it back to the tomb. Of course, she was not strong enough to do this. But her love for Christ was very strong. Q 7 What did Mary want? The Lord called to Mary as she turned to leave the tomb. But Mary did not recognise Jesus. Her heart was filled with great sorrow and confusion. So Jesus simply called her name: Mary (Jn 20:16). She knew well His loving voice. Mary answered by calling Him Rabboni, which meant Teacher or Master. She was suddenly filled with joy; all sadness vanished. Jesus did not allow Mary to touch Him. He had not yet gone to His Father. But the Lord told her to tell His disciples about their meeting. Christ also met with the other women returning from the empty tomb. He greeted them, and they knew He was the Lord. They fell at His feet and worshipped Him. Jesus then told them not to be afraid. He wanted these women to tell the disciples to go to Galilee. They would all meet with Him there. The women went quickly to report this meeting to the other disciples. Q 8 How did Mary finally recognise Jesus? Q 9 What two things did Jesus tell the other women who met Him? a) __________. b) __________. IV. The Guards Report the Resurrection Mt 28:11 15 The earthquake and the angel had terrified the

guards. They lay like dead men for some time. Later, they got up and returned to Jerusalem. They must have left the tomb sometime before the women first came there. Some of the guards went to the chief priests to report everything that had happened to them. The chief priests quickly called for the other Jewish leaders. Together, they made a plan. They decided to bribe the guards. The guards received a large amount of money for promising not to tell the truth. Instead, they were told to lie about the missing body. Q 10 Why did the Jews bribe the guards? The false story was that the disciples had stolen the body while the guards were asleep. Guards were not supposed to sleep on duty. They should have been killed for allowing the body to be stolen. But the Jewish leaders promised the guards that the governor would not punish them. This false report was very foolish. How could the guards know what had happened if they had been asleep? However, this foolish lie spread throughout all Israel. Those who did not want to know the truth believed this lie instead. Q 11 State in your own words the false story that spread among the Jewish people. Q 12 Why should the guards at Jesus tomb have been killed if their false story had been true?

200 The Life of Christ Homework Q 13 Name the people who visited the empty tomb. State what each of them saw. (Note: Mary Magdalene visited the tomb twice.) person(s) what he or she saw a) __________ __________. b) __________ __________. c) __________ __________. d) __________ __________. e) __________ __________. Q 14 Name the people who saw an angel (or angels) a) during the Resurrection: __________. b) after the Resurrection: __________. Class Discussion Q 15 A false report spread among the Jews about the body of Jesus. What do Christ s gra ve clothes tell us about this report? Q 16 State everything the guards saw and felt at the tomb. How could they be bribed a fter seeing for themselves the great power of God? Do miracles always cause people to believe? Explain. Q 17 Who invented the lie about Christ s body? Why did they do this?

Chapter Twenty-Eight Jesus Appears to His Disciples Objectives Explain why Jesus hid His identity from the disciples walking to Emmaus. Cite the two proofs of His identity that Jesus offered to His disciples. Outline the plan of salvation, emphasising the role of the disciples. State from memory Christ s promise about the Holy Spirit. Chapter Outline I. Two early appearances by Jesus (Mk 16:12 13; Lk 24:13 45) A. Jesus meets with two disciples B. Jesus explains the Scriptures C. Jesus appears to all of His disciples II. The plan of salvation (Lk 24:46 49) III. Jesus appears to the disciples in other places (Mt 28:16 20; Mk 16:15 18; Ac 1: 4 5, 8) A. Jesus appears in Galilee B. Jesus again appears in Jerusalem Key Words appears ............ The followers would testify, Jesus appears to us in closed, locked rooms. disciples........... Jesus opened the Old Testament Scriptures to two disciples as they walked together. Emmaus........... Emmaus was a small village near Jerusalem. Holy Spirit....... The Lord promised to send the Holy Spirit to His followers. plan.................. The plan of salvation involves all three Persons of the H oly Trinity. I. Two Early Appearances by Jesus Mk 16:12 13; Lk 24:13 45 A. Jesus Meets with Two Disciples Emmaus was a small village about seven miles west of Jerusalem.1 Two of Christ s disciples walked there later during that Resurrection day. They talked about what they had witnessed and 1 See the map in Appendix A. heard that day. These men must have felt great sorrow after the Crucifixion. And they were likely very confused by the reports of those who visited His empty tomb. Jesus joined these two disciples as they walked along on the road. However, they did not recognise Him. The Lord knew what these troubled men were feeling, yet He pretended not to know. Jesus asked them what they were talking about. One of the disciples, Cleophas, answered Him. Cleophas could not believe this Stranger did not know the

201

202 The Life of Christ news. He asked if Jesus was unaware of the things that had been happening in Jerusalem. The Lord simply asked in reply, What things? (Lk 24:19). He asked this question to encourage the two disciples to talk to Him. Q 1 What were these two disciples feeling while walking to Emmaus? Q 2 Why did Jesus pretend not to know about the Crucifixion? The disciples told Jesus all that was in their hearts. They said that they had trusted in Jesus of Nazareth. These disciples had believed that Jesus was the Messiah. But the chief priests and elders had crucified Him. Their Messiah had now been dead for three days. The two disciples also told Jesus about the women s report. Some women followers of Christ had been to the tomb, but found it empty. These women also said they had seen a vision of an angel at the tomb. The angel told them Jesus was alive. Some of the other disciples reported a similar experience after visiting the empty tomb. B. Jesus Explains the Scriptures After hearing their story, Jesus began to minister to His disciples. He first rebuked them for being foolish and slow of heart (Lk 24:25). Then the Lord began to explain to them who Christ was. Moses and the Prophets had all predicted Christ s suffering. Jesus showed them from Old Testament Scriptures why it was necessary for the Messiah to die. They continued to walk and talk until they reached Emmaus. Jesus then acted as though He was going further.1 These two disciples invited Jesus to stay with them that night. Jesus accepted their offer. The three men sat down for a meal. Jesus took the bread and blessed it. Then He broke it and gave it to the two men. Suddenly, their eyes were opened! They knew who He was. Jesus then vanished from their sight. They immediately returned to Jerusalem to report to the other disciples. 1 This is Christ s nature. He never forces himself on anyone. Their hearts had been burning within them as their Guest had opened the Scriptures to them

(Lk 24:32). Now they knew why this was so. They had been taught by the risen Lord himself! Q 3 Why did Jesus rebuke these two disciples? Q 4 What did Jesus show them from Old Testament prophecies? C. Jesus Appears to All of His Disciples The two disciples were like new men as they returned from Emmaus to Jerusalem. They told the others they had seen the Lord. Suddenly, Jesus appeared to them all in the locked room. His greeting was, Peace be with you (Lk 24:36). But the disciples felt great fear instead of peace! They were already afraid of the Jews. Now they imagined that a ghost or spirit was appearing in their room. Jesus calmed their fears. He showed them His wounded hands and feet. The Lord even invited them to touch Him. He said, A ghost does not have flesh and bones, as you see I have (Lk 24:39). Christ then ate a piece of fish as they all watched. The disciples were no longer afraid. Now they could listen as the Master began to teach them. Jesus told them that the Old Testament prophecies about the Christ had to be fulfilled. These prophecies said that the Christ must suffer and die. Yet these prophecies also foretold His resurrection on the third day. Jesus explained these Scriptures to His followers. He also gave to them God s great plan for the salvation of all men. Q 5 Describe the two disciples as they returned to Jerusalem from Emmaus. Q 6 How did Jesus calm His frightened disciples? Q 7 Name three specific things Jesus taught His disciples: a) __________. b) __________. c) __________.

Chapter Twenty-eight Jesus Appears to His Disciples 203 II. The Plan of Salvation Lk 24:46 49 The disciples needed to know that Christ s death fulfilled Old Testament prophecy. They also needed to know why Jesus had died. So He explained the plan of salvation to His disciples. Jesus had suffered and died on the Cross. And He had been raised from the dead on the third day. Now, repentance and forgiveness of sins will be preached in his name to all nations (Lk 24:47). But who would do the preaching? The disciples would! Jesus told them they would preach His gospel to all men. They would preach this message because they were witnesses of these things (24:48). Q 8 What part would the disciples play in the plan of salvation? Q 9 Jesus had limited most of His ministry to the Jewish people. Where would the disciples preach? (See Lk 24:47.) The Lord then told His followers that He was going to send them a wonderful Gift. This Gift would be the Holy Spirit. God the Father had promised this Gift to them. Now Jesus was also promising that He would send the Spirit. The disciples would need the Spirit s anointing to be Christ s witnesses. Jesus told them to stay in Jerusalem until they had been clothed with power from on high (Lk 24:49). Only then would they be ready to preach Christ and the way of salvation. God the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit all are named in these brief verses. The Father planned salvation and raised Christ from the dead. The Son became the Redeemer by suffering and dying on the Cross. The Holy Spirit would give them spiritual power to preach the gospel to the nations. The Father and Son had completed their work. Now the Holy Spirit was coming (see Ac 2). But the plan of salvation depended upon the faithfulness of these few disciples. These men and women had to become witnesses of Christ s life and works. They would become the link between Jesus and the world for which He died. Q 10 What would be the role of the Holy Spirit in the plan of salvation?

Q 11 The plan of salvation depended upon __________. III. Jesus Appears to the Disciples in Other Places Mt 28:16 20; Mk 16:15 18; Ac 1:4 5, 8 A. Jesus Appears in Galilee Jesus had told the women at His tomb to report to His disciples. The women told the disciples to go to Galilee. Jesus would meet them all there. The eleven Apostles1 obeyed and travelled to a mountain by the Sea of Galilee. They worshipped Him when they met together. This may have been the time Jesus was seen by over five hundred people (1Co 15:6). The Lord gave His followers some final instructions and encouragement in Galilee. He told them He now had received all power from His Father. And He promised to be with them as they went out to be His witnesses. Jesus then commanded them to evangelise the whole world: Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. (Mt 28:19 20) Q 12 The command Jesus gave to His disciples has three parts. State in your mother tongue each of these three parts. (The first is given to you in English.) a) (go and make disciples) __________. b) __________. c) __________. Jesus ended His command with a promise. The Lord was not leaving them alone to do His work. His presence would always be with them. And the Holy Spirit would always give them the power they would need. This command ( go ) and His promise ( I am with you ) are for all believers today (Mt 28:19b, 20b). 1 and many other followers of Christ

204 The Life of Christ Q 13 State in your own words the two parts of Christ s promise to His disciples. a) __________. b) __________. B. Jesus again Appears in Jerusalem Jesus had told His disciples to wait in Jerusalem for the Holy Spirit. So they returned to Jerusalem from Galilee. Jesus again appeared to them there. This time, He told His followers to stay in Jerusalem. Jesus wanted them to stay there until the Holy Spirit came. He promised them, In a few days you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit (Ac 1:5). They would receive great power when the Holy Spirit came upon them. Evangelism was the reason the Spirit would give power to the disciples. The Holy Spirit would make them powerful and effective witnesses of Jesus Christ. Jerusalem would be only the beginning point of their witnessing. They would later go to all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth (Ac 1:8). They would preach the good news to all creation, and signs and wonders would follow their ministry (Mk 16:15 18). God s plan for reaching a lost world depended upon these witnesses of Jesus who were filled with spiritual power. And His plan has not changed! Q 14 Why did Jesus want His disciples to stay in Jerusalem? Q 15 What would the Holy Spirit do for the disciples?

Chapter Twenty-eight Jesus Appears to His Disciples 205 Homework Q 16 Review Q 6. Then state the two proofs Jesus gave to the disciples that He was wh o He said He was. a) __________. b) __________. Q 17 Review Q 8 to Q 12. Outline the plan of salvation (see Lk 24:47). Then desc ribe the role of each of the following in salvation: person role a) b) c) d) God God God the the Father __________. the Son __________. the Holy Spirit __________. disciples __________.

Q 18 Memorise Ac 1:8. Be prepared to recite it in class. Class Discussion Q 19 The two disciples reported that their hearts burned within them as Jesus opened th e Scriptures. Should a pastor expect, or even want, this to happen when he is preaching? Expla in. Q 20 God has a great plan for reaching a lost world. Upon what does this plan depend? (See section II.) Q 21 Why did Jesus hide His identity from the disciples walking to Emmaus? Did their sorrow and discouragement play a role in this? Explain. Q 22 What did Jesus promise His disciples about the ministry of the Holy Spirit? (See Lk 24:49; Ac 1:5; Ac 1:8.) Think of a good sermon title to fit each of these three Scriptures refe rences. a) __________. b) __________. c) __________.

206 The Life of Christ

Chapter Twenty-Nine Christ s Ascension, Present Ministry, and Future Return Objectives Describe Christ s ascension, including the events just before and after it. List Christ s present roles and activities. Identify the two stages of the Second Coming. Chapter Outline I. His ascension (Mk 16:19; Lk 24:50 51; Ac 1:9 11) II. His present ministry (Heb 4:4 16; 7:28; 9:24) III. His future return (1Th 4:16 18; Rev 1:7) Key Words Advocate ..................Jesus is now our Advocate with the Father. ascension ..................The ascension of Christ to heaven happened on the Mo unt of Olives. High Priest................We have a wonderful High Priest who understands our s truggles. return ........................He will return, just as He promised He would. Second Coming ........The Second Coming has two parts or stages. I. His Ascension Mk 16:19; Lk 24:50 51; Ac 1:9 11 Christ had been risen from the dead for forty days. He had appeared often to His disciples during those days. Now the hour had come for His return to the Father (see Jn 16:28). He had entered the world in a natural way. But He would leave the world in a supernatural way. Angels had announced His birth. Now angels would be present at His ascension when He went away. The place of the Ascension was the Mount of Olives near Bethany. Long before, Zechariah had prophesied about the Mount of Olives. One day, Jesus will return to the Mount of Olives at His second coming (Zec 14:4). This is why it was important that He leave the earth from the same place. Q 1 Define the word ascension. Q 2 Name the place of His ascension. Q 3 Why is the place of His ascension important in prophecy? (See Zec 14:4.) Everything had been fulfilled. Christ s work on earth was finished. So He lifted up His hands and

blessed His disciples. As He did this, He began to leave the earth. Christ was taken up into heaven as the disciples watched. A cloud then received Him out of their sight. The disciples just stood there looking up into the sky. Suddenly, two angels appeared to them. These angels spoke encouraging words to the astonished disciples: 207

208 The Life of Christ This same Jesus, who has been taken from you into heaven, will come back in the same way you have seen him go into heaven. (Ac 1:11) Millions of believers have based their hope on this promise. Jesus will come again in the clouds. He will come again with angels. And He will come again to the Mount of Olives. He will come again! Q 4 Who was present with Jesus and His disciples on the Mount of Olives? Q 5 Describe in your own words what happened during Christ s ascension. II. His Present Ministry Heb 4:4 16; 7:28; 9:24 The Old Testament high priest entered the Most Holy Place once a year (Lev 16:16 17). There, he offered the blood of goats on the mercy seat of the ark. This offering covered the sins of the Jewish people for another year. But this was not a perfect sacrifice for sin. It was a method of atonement that always looked forward to a better sacrifice. Jesus is our great High Priest. He entered the heavenly Most Holy Place and offered His own blood there. This was atonement for the sins of the whole world. Then Jesus sat down at the Father s right hand. He became our High Priest of the New Covenant with God. As High Priest, Christ has blessed His followers in many ways. He asked the Father to send the Holy Spirit to believers. The Father was pleased to grant this request. Jesus also gave spiritual gifts to His Church through the Spirit (Eph 4:8, 11 12). Our Lord now has three types of ministries. He is our Mediator, our Intercessor, and our Advocate. As Mediator, Jesus stands between God and man (1Ti 2:5; see also Job 9:33). He is the only way to reach God. There is no other mediator! Jesus is also our Intercessor before the Father. He showed the nature of His intercession in John 17. This is called His high priestly prayer. As our High Priest, Christ s ministry of intercession continues now before the Father. Finally, Jesus is our Advocate with the Father. He stands in our defence when Satan accuses us

before God. Scripture teaches that Satan accuses the saints day and night before God (1Jn 2:1; Rev 12:10). But our Advocate continues to defend us to His Father. Q 6 Why was the Old Testament method of atonement not a perfect sacrifice for sin? Q 7 Define the New Covenant, and cite a Scripture reference to support your definition. Q 8 State each of Christ s three present minis tries, and explain the meaning of each. a) __________, __________. b) __________, __________. c) __________, __________. III. His Future Return 1Th 4:16 18; Rev 1:7 Our Lord s heart is now filled with excitement about His future return. He is longing to come again and receive us to himself. Jesus also looks forward to the time of His total victory. This will be the time when all of His enemies are totally destroyed. The future is bright for Christ and His followers. The second coming of Christ will happen in two stages. First, the Lord . . . will come down from heaven, with a loud command, with the voice of the archangel and with the trumpet call of God (1Th 4:16). The dead in Christ will rise first. Then the living saints will be raptured or caught away to be with Him. Both the resurrected dead and the raptured living saints will meet the Lord in the air. This Rapture of the Church will be the first stage of His second coming. The Marriage Supper of the Lamb will follow the Rapture. This will be a joyful celebration of Christ s great and total victory. Q 9 State what will happen during the first part of Christ s return. The saints of God will be taken out of the world. Then the earth will suffer great distress1 (Mt 24:21 22). God will pour out His wrath upon the wicked people remaining on earth. His wrath will be greatest during the Battle of Armageddon. Jesus and His saints will destroy all wickedness on earth.

1 The King James Version uses the word tribulation.

Chapter Twenty-nine Christ s Ascension, Present Ministry, and Future Return 209 This will be the second stage of the Second Coming. Christ will then rule in perfect power and justice. His saints will enjoy great peace and joy for a thousand years. Other future events will follow the millennial rule of Christ. Details of these events can be studied in doctrine courses. We end this text on the life of Christ with His last words recorded in the Bible. Yes, I am coming soon (Rev 22:20). And our spirits cry out for His coming, in agreement with the apostle John: Amen. Come, Lord Jesus (22:20). Thanks be to God for this blessed hope of the Church. Q 10 State what will happen during the second stage of Christ s return. Q 11 What will happen on earth between the two stages of Christ s second coming? Q 12 Define the word millennium. What hope does this word give to believers?

210 The Life of Christ Homework Q 13 Review Q 8. Then complete the following chart by answering three questions about our Lord s ministry. a) State from memory the three parts of Christ s present ministry. b) Find a Scripture reference for each of the three areas of His ministry. c) Explain how each ministry is a source of hope and encouragement to believers: His ministry reference source of hope/encouragement Q 14 Arrange the following future events in their proper order: Tribulation millennial reign Rapture Armageddon dead in Christ rising Class Discussion Q 15 With your classmates, prepare a brief drama picturing Christ s ascension. Act out this drama in class. Include the angels in the drama. Q 16 Which stage of Christ s second coming is the greatest source of hope for believers ? Explain. Q 17 Jesus now has three basic ministries (see Q 13). Should a pastor try to have the se same ministries in his church? Explain.

Unit VII Summary The Forty Days after His Resurrection Chapter Twenty-Seven Death could not hold Jesus in the tomb. He had already prophesied that He would be there only three days and three nights. An angel came on the first day of the week to roll the stone a way. And a mighty earthquake shook the area. God the Father raised His Son from the dead. The Roman soldiers became like dead men when they saw the glory of God. Women were the first to see the empty tomb. Mary Magdalene saw only the stone ro lled away and left immediately to tell the disciples. Other women came a little later with burial s pices. An angel told these women that Jesus was risen. They also left to report this news to His disciples. Peter and John ran to the tomb when they heard Mary s report. They found only the neatly arranged burial cloths. Christ s body had not been stolen. He was risen and alive. Jesus had often told them this would happen. Mary Magdalene returned to the tomb not knowing of the Resurrection. Jesus calle d to her from nearby. Her sorrow turned to great joy and wonder as they talked. He also appeared to th e other women, who fell at His feet in worship. The Lord told them to tell His disciples to meet Him in Galilee . The guards had gone into Jerusalem to report what they had seen and felt. The ch ief priests bribed some of them to say that His disciples had stolen the body. This false report spread wid ely among the Jews in Israel. Chapter Twenty-Eight Not all of the disciples knew of Christ s resurrection. On that same day, Jesus me t with two of them walking to the nearby village of Emmaus. He encouraged them to tell Him what was in their hearts. Then Jesus began to open the Scriptures to them. He reminded them of the prophecies that th e Messiah must die and be resurrected. They recognised Him only when He began to bless their meal together . Then Jesus vanished from their sight. These disciples rushed back to Jerusalem to report that they had se en the Lord. Jesus then appeared to all of the disciples in the locked room. He proved to the m that He was real. Jesus also explained to them the Scriptures that foretold His suffering. The Lord went on to outline the full plan of salvation. The disciples would become His witnesses after they had received the power of the Holy Spirit. God the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit are all involved in the wonderful plan of salvation.

Later, Jesus again appeared to His disciples in Galilee. They worshipped Him whe n they saw Him. Jesus gave them their final instructions and words of encouragement. He would never le ave them. And the Spirit would give them the power to do His will on earth. The disciples obeyed Christ by returning to Jerusalem to wait for the power of t he Spirit. They would start their ministry at Jerusalem. But they would later go to the ends of the earth as His witnesses. Signs and wonders would follow their ministry as they went in the power of the Spirit. 211

212 The Life of Christ Chapter Twenty-Nine Jesus appeared to His disciples over a period of forty days. The time for Him to leave the earth and ascend to the Father was near. He led the disciples to the Mount of Olives. Long before , Zechariah prophesied that Jesus will return to this same place (Zec 14:4). So the Ascension happened there . Christ was simply taken up into heaven as He talked with His disciples. And a cloud received Him out of the ir sight. Angels appeared to the astonished disciples to encourage them. They promised tha t Jesus would return in the same way as He had just left. This is the hope of millions of believers toda y. Jesus is now our great High Priest. He offered himself as the perfect sacrifice for sin. His present ministries are those of Mediator, Intercessor, and Advocate. He represents us to the Father , and defends us from Satan s lies and accusations. He is coming again to receive His followers to himself. Those who are dead in Ch rist will rise first. Then the living believers will be caught away (raptured) to meet Him in the air. The earth will suffer great tribulation while the saints of God celebrate Christ s great victory. A thousand years of peac e on earth will follow. Jesus will rule the entire earth as King of Kings and Lord of Lords.

Appendix A Map of Palestine at the Time of Christ 213

214 The Life of Christ Appendix B Bible Stories about Jesus Bible stories are the world's most popular stories. Many preachers use character s and events from the Bible to illustrate their messages. The Bible stories listed here are taken from the l ife of Christ. Jesus changes water to wine............. Jn 2 Jesus rejected at Nazareth ................ Lk 4 Jesus heals many .............................. Mk 1; Lk 4 Jesus heals a paralytic ...................... Mk 2; Lk 5 Jesus teaches Nicodemus ................. Jn 3 Jesus and a Samaritan woman..........Jn 4 The faith of the centurion.................Mt 8; Lk 7 Jesus calms the storm ....................... Mt 8; Mk 4; Lk 8 Eating with sinners, tax collectors.... Mt 9; Mk 2; Lk 5 A dead girl and a sick woman .......... Mt 9; Mk 5; Lk 8 John the Baptist beheaded................Mt 14; Mk 6 Jesus feeds the five thousand ........... Mt 14; Mk 6; Lk 9; Jn 6 Jesus walks on the water .................. Mt 14; Mk 6; Jn 6 Peter's confession of Christ .............. Mt 16; Mk 8; Lk 9 The Transfiguration.......................... Mt 17; Mk 9; Lk 9 Healing a boy with a demon............. Mt 17; Mk 9; Lk 9

Who is the greatest? ......................... Mt 18; Mk 9; Lk 9 Jesus heals a man born blind............Jn 9 The Good Samaritan ........................ Lk 10 The triumphal entry..........................Mt 21; Mk 11; Lk 19; Jn 12 Jesus curses the fig tree ................... Mt 21; Mk 11 Jesus cleanses the temple .................Mt 21; Mk 11; Lk 19 Jesus authority is questioned...........Mt 21; Mk 11; Lk 20 Jesus teaches in the temple...............Mt 21 23; Mk 12; Lk 20 21 Jesus is anointed...............................Mt 26; Mk 14; Jn 12 The plot against Jesus.......................Mt 26; Mk 14; Lk 22 The Last Supper ...............................Mt 26; Mk 14; Lk 22; Jn 13 Jesus comforts the disciples .............Jn 14 16 The Garden of Gethsemane..............Mt 26; Mk 14; Lk 22 Jesus arrest and trials ......................Mt 26 27; Mk 14 15; Lk 22 23; Jn 18 19 Christ s crucifixion and death..........Mt 27; Mk 15; Lk 23; Jn 19 The burial of Jesus............................ Mt 27; Mk 15; Lk 23; Jn 19 The empty tomb ...............................Mt 28; Mk 16; Lk 24; Jn 20 Mary Magdalene sees Jesus .............Mk 16; Jn 20 Jesus appears on the road to Emmaus...............................Mk 16; Lk 24 Jesus appears to His disciples...........Mk 16; Lk 24; Jn 20 Jesus talks with His disciples ...........Jn 21 The Great Commission.....................Mt 28; Mk 16 Jesus returns to the Father Mk 16; Lk 24

Appendix C The Miracles of Jesus Believe the miracles, that you may know and understand that the Father is in me, and I in the Father (Jn 10:38). Throughout His ministry, Jesus did many miraculous signs. These caused people ei ther to become angry or to believe in Him. Some miracles are included in more than one Gospel. Miracle Matthew Mark Luke John Water turned into wine 2:1 11 Catch of fish 5:1 11 Man with leprosy 8:2 3 1:40 42 5:12 13 Roman centurion's servant 8:5 13 7:1 10 Peter's mother-in-law 8:14 15 1:30 31 4:38 39 Calming the storm 8:23 27 4:37 41 8:22 25 Two men from Gadara 8:28 34 5:1 15 8:27 35 Paralyzed man 9:2 7 2:3 12 5:18 25 Woman with a bleeding condition 9:20 22 5:25 29 8:43 48 Two blind men 9:27 31 Man dumb and possessed 9:32 33 Man with a shriveled hand 12:10 13 3:1 5 6:6 10 Man blind, dumb, and possessed 12:22 23 11:14 Jesus walks on water 14:25 27 6:48 51 6:19 21 Feeding the five thousand 4:15 21 6:35 44 9:12 17 6:5 13 Feeding the four thousand 15:32 38 8:1 9 Canaanite woman's daughter 15:21 28 7:24 30 The demon-possessed boy 17:14 18 9:17 27 9:38 43 Coin in a fish's mouth 17:24 27 Two blind men 20:29 34 Fig tree withered 21:18 22 11:12 14 Bartimaeus, one blind man 10:46 52 18:35 43 Deaf mute 7:31 37 Man possessed in the synagogue l:23 26 4:33 35 Blind man at Bethsaida 8:22 26 Crippled woman 13:11 13 Man with dropsy 14:1 4 Ten lepers 17:11 19 The high priest's servant 22:50 51 Official s son at Capernaum 4:46 54 Sick man at the pool of Bethesda 5:1 9 Another catch of fish 21:1 11 Raising Jairus daughter 9:18 19, 23 25 5:22 24, 38 42 8:4l 42, 49 56 Raising a widow s son at Nain 7:11 15 Raising Lazarus 11:1 44 215

216 The Life of Christ Appendix D The Parables of Jesus 1 He taught them many things by parables (Mk 4:2).

Parable Matthew Mark Luke Light under a bowl 5:14 16 4:21 22 8:16 18 New cloth on an old garment 9:16 2:21 5:36 New wine in old wineskins 9:17 2:22 5:37 39 The sower 13:3 23 4:2 20 8:4 15 The mustard seed 13:31 32 4:30 32 13:18 19 The tenants 21:33 45 12:1 12 20:9 19 The fig tree 24:32 35 13:28 29 21:29 31 The wise and foolish builders 7:24 29 6:47 49 The yeast 13:33 13:20 21 The lost sheep 18:12 14 15:3 7 The weeds 13:24 30 The hidden treasure 13:44 The pearl 13:45 46 The net 13:47 50 The householder 13: 52 The unmerciful servant 18:21 35 The workers in the vineyard 20:1 16 The two sons 21:28 32 The wedding banquet 22:1 14 The ten virgins 25:1 13 The talents 25:14 30 The sheep and the goats 25:31 46 The growing seed 4:26 29 The unknown day and hour 13:34 37 Two debtors 7:41 43 The Good Samaritan 10:25 37 The good gifts 11:5 13 The rich fool 12:16 21 Watchfulness 12:35 48 The fruitless fig tree 13:6 9 The great banquet 14:15 24 The lost coin 15:8 10 The lost son 15:11 32 The shrewd manager 16:1 13 The rich man and Lazarus 16:19 31 The master and the servant 17:7 10 The persistent widow 18:1 8 The Pharisee and the tax collector 18:9 14 The ten minas 19:11 27 1 The Gospel of John contains no parables.

Glossary ambition a strong desire for position, fame, or power Ascension the going up of Jesus into heaven astonished to have been struck with great wonder, amazement, or surprise Beatitudes any statement in Christ s Sermon on the Mount that begins with Blessed are ... betrayer a person who leads another astray or delivers another into enemy hands blasphemy the act of insulting or disrespecting God; claiming the attributes of de ity caravan a company of travellers on a journey through a desert or dangerous area centurion an officer commanding 100 Roman soldiers chasm a gulf, gap, or great wide valley climax the highest or most important point or moment; the fulfilment or culminatio n commission an authorisation or command to act in a certain manner or to perform ce rtain duties dropsy not a disease in itself, but is a sign of disease of the heart, kidneys, li ver, etc. exorcist a person who expels or drives out an evil spirit or demon fermentation the process of making alcohol; a breakdown of sugar by yeast and bact eria to produce alcohol forerunner one who precedes (comes before) and indicates the approach of another genealogy a record of a person s ancestors Hades the Greek word for the place of the dead; the underworld; often used as a sy nonym for hell hypocrisy pretending to be what one is not, especially pretending to be better tha n one is institution a significant practise, relationship, or organisation within a society isolation the action of a person withdrawing or removing himself from society legalistic characterised by a concern with the exact wording of the law; rigid or unbending leprosy an easily-spread skin disease that causes serious, permanent damage to the body, including loss of fingers, toes, etc. literal characterised by a concern with facts; word for word, with no explanation or exaggeration locust a type of grasshopper that lives in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa; this insect could be eaten by the Jews, for it was considered a clean animal Magi ancient wise men or scholars who lived in what is now Iran or Iraq martyr one who is killed because of religious beliefs millennial referring to a time period lasting one thousand years mina an ancient unit of weight that was equal to 1.5% of a talent miraculous supernatural, remarkable; having the nature of a miracle mocked to be treated with ridicule or contempt; to be imitated in a negative manne r

mourner one who feels and expresses grief or sorrow multiplication rapidly increasing a number through a mathematical process 217

218 The Life of Christ multitude a great number, such as a large number of people Nazirite one who separated himself from others by consecration to God with a speci al vow. oppression unjust or cruel exercise of power or authority outcast one who is cast out or rejected by family or society paralysed to have suffered a complete or partial loss of bodily function, especial ly loss of feeling and move ment persistent continuing or inclined to continue in a course of action; continuing de spite obstacles or difficulties political of, or relating to, government; seeking power, authority, rule prejudice an opinion or feeling that is not based on reason, fact, or knowledge; a negative feeling premature happening or arriving before the proper or intended time preservative something that preserves or has the power to protect against spoilage or decay pretend to give a false impression or appearance; to make believe probation a close examination or inspection; a time of testing before final approv al procession a group of people moving in the same direction in an orderly way prodigal one who spends or gives money freely and foolishly province country or region that is under the control of an empire or nation rage violent and uncontrolled anger; fury resurrected raised to life from the dead rhetorical a type of question asked merely for effect, with no answer expected Sanhedrin the supreme legal and moral council of the Jews, established after they returned from captivity in Babylon sect a denomination or religious group that holds extreme or heretical views shrewd clever in judgement and business dealings significance importance or meaningfulness sinners immoral people, especially referring to prostitutes (see outcast) stage a period or step in the development of something superior in a higher position; having a higher rank; greater in quality

surrender the act of yielding to the power of another symbolic using, employing, or exhibiting a symbol symbol something that stands for or represents something else synagogue the house of worship and the community centre for a Jewish congregation synoptic presenting a common or similar view; to see together; the Synoptic Gospel s are Matthew, Mark, and Luke technical based on, or marked by, a strict or legal definition or interpretation union the act or instance of joining two or more separate or independent units int o one vanished to disappear suddenly or become no longer visible instantly volunteering to process or act of doing something by one s own choice or intention woe used to express grief, regret, or distress

Resources for Additional Study Bruce, F.F. 1979. Jesus past, present & future: The work of Christ. Downers Grov e, IL: InterVarsity. . 1986. Jesus: Lord and Savior (The Jesus Library). Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity . Green, Michael. 1984. The empty Cross of Jesus (The Jesus Library). Downers Grov e, IL: InterVarsity. Guthrie, Donald. 1970. A shorter life of Christ. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. . 1972. Jesus the Messiah. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. Harris, Murray J. 1994. Three crucial questions about Jesus. Grand Rapids, MI: B aker. Harrison, Everett F. 1968. A short life of Christ. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. Horton, T.C. and Charles E. Hurlburt. 1994. Names of Christ. Chicago, IL: Moody. Letham, Robert. 1993. The work of Christ (Contours of Christian Theology). Downe rs Grove, IL: InterVarsity. Macleod, Donald. 1998. The person of Christ (Contours of Christian Theology). Do wners Grove, IL: InterVarsity. Pentecost, J. Dwight. 1981. A harmony of the words and works of Jesus Christ. Gr and Rapids, MI: Zondervan. Sanders, J. Oswald. 1971. The incomparable Christ: The person and work of Jesus Christ. Chicago, IL: Moody. Thomas, W. Griffith. 1981. Christianity in Christ. New Canaan, CT: Keats. Wenham, David. 1989. The parables of Jesus (The Jesus Library). Downers Grove, I L: InterVarsity. 219

220 The Life of Christ Index Advocate 187, 188, 191, 196 ambition 105, 123, 124, 196 angel 1, 7 10, 12 13, 17, 19, 21 22, 25 26, 58, 150, 160, 164, 180 182, 184, 190, 196 appears 7, 52, 144, 145, 179, 180, 183, 196 arrested 36, 57, 159, 161, 164, 175, 196 ascension 177, 187, 188, 190, 196 astonished 140, 187, 191, 196 banquet 47, 64, 74, 101, 105, 106, 108, 110, 127, 137, 196 baptism 31, 34, 35, 38, 40, 123, 135, 153, 196 Barabbas 165, 166, 168, 175, 196 Beatitudes 51, 53, 65, 196 Bethlehem 11, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 26, 196 betray 52, 144, 146, 149, 151, 154, 155, 160, 161, 175, 196 betrayed 85, 159, 162, 164, 196 betrayer 52, 146, 151, 160, 196 birth 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 25, 26, 32, 60, 125, 187, 196 blasphemy 29, 46, 47, 57, 59, 65, 165, 166, 175, 196 body 162, 177, 191, 63, 100, 150, 152, 154, 160, 169, 171, 172, 173, 176, 179, 180, 181, 182, 190, 196

born 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 25, 26, 33, 34, 58, 63, 196 captivity 3, 4, 6, 18, 25, 196 caravan 40, 196 centurion 51, 54, 55, 56, 65, 75, 172, 173, 176, 196 chasm 111, 196 childhood 18, 21, 22, 41, 63, 196 children 8, 17, 18, 20, 22, 23, 26, 33, 41, 53, 58, 70, 77, 79, 85,

90, 93, 101, 112, 114, 117, 119, 128, 134, 135, 139, 150, 167, 170, 196 climax 31, 117, 196 commission 32, 38, 196 condemns 57, 196 confession 76, 80, 162, 196 cost 67, 70, 75, 81, 89, 94, 97, 105, 107, 110, 123, 126, 127, 196 counting 105, 107, 110, 127, 196 Cross 36, 43, 123, 125, 157, 169, 171, 185, 196 Crucifixion 80, 157, 169, 170, 172, 174, 175, 183, 184, 196 death 3, 19, 22, 25, 41 42, 54, 73, 76 78, 80, 83 85, 94, 102, 113, 114, 123, 126, 128, 134, 139, 146, 149 151, 154, 160, 162, 163, 165, 169, 170 175, 179, 185, 196 demoniacs 29, 39, 43, 45, 196 denials 159, 196 deny 36, 81, 94, 149, 151, 155, 196 discipleship 47, 67, 75, 81, 89, 94, 97, 105, 107, 110, 122, 127, 196 divorce 97, 117, 119, 120, 128, 196 doubts 29, 57, 58, 196 dropsy 99, 102, 105, 127, 196 Egypt 1, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 26, 40, 149, 150, 154, 196 Emmaus 177, 183, 184, 186, 191, 196 empty 59, 151, 152, 177, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 190, 196 enter 10, 18, 42, 46, 55, 56, 58, 71, 86, 97, 106, 107, 111, 117 119, 122, 126, 128, 133, 134, 136, 145, 146, 153, 154, 165,

179, 180, 196 exorcist 196 faith 4, 8, 9, 25, 29, 35, 40, 43, 45, 46, 51, 54, 55, 57, 58, 60 62, 65, 67, 69, 71 73, 75, 76, 78 85, 91, 93, 94, 101, 111 113, 115, 117, 118, 121, 122, 124, 126 129, 135, 140, 153, 196 farming 67, 69, 70, 196 fasting 45, 47, 48, 50, 85, 94, 196 feeding 76, 77, 78, 82, 93, 196 fermentation 48, 196 fig tree 131, 133, 135, 136, 153, 196 final 15, 52, 138, 149, 151, 152, 155, 164, 172, 173, 185, 191, 196 fishermen 39, 42, 43, 70, 71, 196 forerunner 8, 10, 25, 31, 32, 36, 58, 77, 196 forgive 46, 47, 54, 64, 111, 112, 128, 171, 176, 196 future 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 14, 18, 19, 25, 26, 42, 43, 48, 59, 70, 81, 106, 108, 113, 115, 120, 122, 123, 125, 129, 131, 138, 140 146, 151, 152, 155, 164, 171, 173, 187, 188 190, 197 genealogy 7, 8, 25, 197 generation 32, 57 60, 65, 100, 144, 197 Gethsemane 8, 157, 159, 160, 161, 164, 175, 197 glory 10, 12, 14, 18, 26, 33, 36, 67, 83, 84, 94, 109, 113, 115, 123, 124, 127, 128, 164, 179, 190, 197 greatest 11, 12, 14, 21, 25, 35, 41, 59, 63, 86, 97, 114, 121, 122, 124, 127, 129, 131, 134, 137, 139, 140, 149, 154, 188, 190, 197

greatness 67, 83, 86, 94, 121, 124, 126, 129, 197 greedy 97, 99, 101, 103, 127, 135, 146, 197 growth 1, 21, 22, 70, 197 guards 74, 162, 170, 173, 176, 179, 180 182, 191, 197 Hades 111, 197 healed 29, 43, 45, 46, 49, 51, 52, 55, 64, 65, 69, 72, 73, 75 77, 79 95, 99, 102, 103, 105, 124, 125, 127, 129, 134, 161, 175, 197 healing 35, 42, 43, 45 47, 49 53, 55, 64, 65, 67, 69, 72, 73, 77, 79, 80, 102, 103, 153, 197 hell 80, 83, 86, 87, 93, 94, 111, 112, 115, 128, 141, 197 Herod 1, 4, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 21, 25, 26, 31, 36, 37, 40, 57, 63, 65, 69, 74, 80, 93, 165 168, 175, 197 High Priest 150, 187, 188, 191, 197

Holy Spirit 7 10, 13, 18, 25, 29, 31, 34 36, 39 41, 57, 59, 63, 65, 101, 144, 147, 151, 155, 177, 183, 185, 186, 188, 191, 197 humble 12, 26, 33, 105, 108, 119, 122, 128, 150, 152, 197 humility 12, 53, 97, 105, 110, 197 hungry 35, 48, 49, 67, 76, 77, 82, 93, 124, 135, 153, 197 hypocrisy 23, 58, 78, 94, 137, 141, 142, 153, 154, 165, 197 incarnation 1, 11, 14, 197 institutions 43, 197 isolation 34, 38, 63, 197 Jerusalem, 3 5, 13, 18, 20 23, 25, 26, 27, 33, 40, 46, 48, 59, 77, 80, 84, 85, 91, 92, 95, 97, 100, 113, 117, 118, 123 125, 127 129, 131, 133 135, 137 139, 141, 143, 144, 146, 147, 153, 154, 162, 166, 170, 172, 180, 181, 183 186, 191, 197 John 7 10, 14, 25, 26, 29, 31 38, 40, 42, 47, 48, 52, 57, 58, 62, 63, 65, 69, 72, 74, 77, 80, 83, 84, 86, 93, 94, 113, 114, 118, 121, 123 125, 128, 129, 135, 136, 143, 153, 160, 164, 166, 171, 172, 174, 175, 177, 179, 180, 188, 190, 197 judgement 4, 33, 59, 63, 70, 80, 90, 91, 100, 101, 123, 127, 131, 138, 143, 145 147, 154, 165 167, 197 king 13, 20, 26, 36, 40, 63, 80, 107, 125, 131, 134, 137, 138, 139, 142, 153, 166, 167, 171, 197 kingdom 13, 20, 36, 40, 43, 51, 53 56, 58, 59, 61, 64, 65, 67, 70, 72, 80, 83, 86, 90, 92 94, 97, 100, 105, 106, 111, 117 119, 121 126, 128, 129, 134, 136, 138 140, 145, 149, 150, 153, 154, 166, 171, 197 leaders 1, 3, 4, 11, 13, 15, 22 23, 25, 26, 29, 33, 34, 36, 43, 45,

47 50, 59, 60, 62 64, 67, 76, 78, 100, 102, 106 108, 114, 115, 117, 122, 124, 125, 127, 128, 133 135, 137 139, 141, 146, 151, 153 155, 162 163, 165 167, 170, 171, 173 175, 181, 197 legalistic 4, 25, 49, 94, 127, 197 lepers 41, 46, 89, 91, 92, 125, 197 leprosy 46, 58, 91, 95, 197 lessons 15, 83, 94, 197 light 18, 31, 32, 42, 51, 53, 63 65, 83, 90, 107, 113, 145, 197 literal 23, 197 locusts 32, 197 lost 48, 97, 105, 107, 108, 110, 124, 127, 171, 186, 197 Magi 1, 11, 13, 15, 17 20, 26, 197 marriage 117, 119, 120, 128, 138, 140, 197 martyr 3, 197 Mary 1, 5, 7 13, 15, 17 23, 25 27, 60, 61, 100, 111 113, 125 129, 171, 173, 179 182, 190, 191, 197 millennial 189, 190, 197 minas 125, 197 ministry 7 10, 23, 27, 31 36, 38 45, 47 49, 52, 67, 69, 70, 72 89 91, 93, 94, 151, 155, 168, 190, 191, 197 58, 59, 62 64, 74, 77, 79, 85, 102, 117, 118, 176, 185 188,

miracles 1, 4, 7, 9, 10, 13, 24, 26, 40, 41, 43, 46, 48, 50 52, 58, 59, 63 65, 67, 71 73, 76 79, 82, 83, 91, 93, 95, 127, 144, 147, 157, 166, 169, 179, 182, 197 miraculous 9, 39, 58, 77, 174, 180, 197 mocked 166 168, 171, 176, 197 money 25, 42, 60, 65, 72, 75, 97, 107 109, 121 129, 136, 137, 139, 141, 146, 162, 175, 181, 197 mourners 72, 197

multiplication 77, 197 multitude 51, 64, 77, 79, 82, 102, 134, 135, 197 murder 17, 20, 36, 49, 64, 78, 100, 165, 197 Nazareth 8, 12, 21 24, 26, 27, 29, 35, 39, 40 44, 58, 63, 64, 69, 73, 75, 93, 161, 184, 197 Nazirite 8, 25, 197 New Covenant 149, 150, 188, 197 obedient 21, 23, 27, 197 oppression 58, 197 outcasts 47, 64, 197 parables 23, 48, 67, 69, 70, 75, 93, 97, 105, 107, 108, 111, 125, 127, 128, 131, 137 139, 145, 153, 154, 198 Paradise 111, 112, 115, 171, 198 paralysed 45, 46, 50, 54, 64, 198 Passover 22, 114, 117, 118, 128, 131, 146, 149 151, 154, 155, 159, 166, 170, 175, 198 persistent 99, 101, 127, 198 Pilate 102, 165, 166, 167, 168, 170, 173, 175, 176, 198 plan 11, 13, 15, 35, 46, 49, 80, 109, 117, 119, 128, 172, 174, 177, 181, 183 186, 191, 198 political 1, 3 5, 18, 25, 41, 63, 72, 167, 198 possessed 59, 64, 71, 83, 84, 93, 94, 198 pray 44, 46, 63, 83, 94, 99, 101 103, 127, 159, 160, 170, 175, 198 prejudice 47, 48, 64, 198 premature 19, 198 preservative 53, 198 pretend 184, 198

prison 31, 36, 57, 62, 63, 65, 145, 151, 198 probation 42, 198 procession 55, 65, 133, 134, 171, 198 prodigal 108, 127, 198 prophet 3, 4, 8, 12, 15, 18, 22, 25, 31 33, 36, 40, 42, 55, 59, 60, 63, 74, 78, 80, 84, 118, 135, 137, 166, 171, 180, 198 province 39, 40, 44, 198 question 32, 48, 57 59, 77, 78, 85, 91, 102, 118, 119, 122, 123, 133, 135, 136, 139, 140, 153, 154, 161 163, 175, 184, 198 rage 41, 198 raised 33, 51, 55, 58, 69, 72, 80, 84, 111 113, 162, 179, 185, 190, 198 reactions 1, 7, 10, 11, 13, 114, 157, 159, 198 rebukes 71, 97, 99, 137, 198 religious 3 5, 13, 18, 19, 22, 23, 25, 26, 29, 32 34, 40, 43, 45 48, 50, 58, 60, 64, 67, 76, 78, 85, 100, 102, 106, 108, 114, 117, 118, 122, 125, 128, 138, 141, 146, 198 repent 33, 38, 63, 91, 99, 102, 112, 127, 136, 138, 198 resurrected 80, 140, 173, 179, 180, 188, 191, 198 221

222 The Life of Christ resurrection 4, 6, 18, 59, 84, 85, 97, 106, 111 115, 140, 172, 173, 184, 191, 198 Resurrection 111, 113, 128, 137, 139, 140, 154, 177, 179, 180 183, 190, 191, 198 return 4, 12, 19 22, 26, 36, 37, 42, 48, 73, 84, 89 92, 101, 106 108, 112, 122, 125, 144, 145, 150, 151, 154, 155, 162, 173, 175, 187 189, 191, 198 rhetorical 32, 198 rich 18, 19, 25, 97, 99, 101, 106, 108, 110 115, 121, 122, 124, 126 128, 173, 176, 198 Roman 1, 3 6, 11, 12, 15, 25, 36, 42, 54, 58, 65, 102, 114, 134, 144, 150, 153, 157, 160, 165 173, 175, 176, 179 190, 198 Sabbath 5, 23, 43, 45, 47 50, 53, 64, 97, 99, 102, 103, 127, 173, 180, 198 Samaritan 89, 91, 92, 95, 198 Sanhedrin 6, 162, 163, 165, 170, 175, 198 Sea of Galilee 8, 29, 39, 40, 42, 44, 51, 63, 64, 71, 78 80, 93, 185, 198 Second Coming 177, 187, 189, 198 sect 4, 48, 198 sermon 41, 44, 51, 53, 83, 86, 150, 186, 198 servant 14, 25, 51, 54, 55, 65, 106, 108, 112, 121, 125, 129, 138, 144, 145, 149, 150, 161, 175, 198 shrewd 108, 110, 198 significance 1, 17, 34, 174, 198 Simeon 1, 5, 11, 13, 15, 17, 18, 20, 26, 171, 198

sinners 33, 45, 47, 50, 64, 102, 105, 107, 108, 110, 124, 136, 153, 198 sons 22, 52, 85, 108, 118, 123, 129, 133, 135, 136, 198 soul 18, 20, 76, 81, 94, 108, 111, 122, 124, 140, 160, 171, 172, 198 stages 177, 187 189, 198 suffering 19, 83, 94, 123, 128, 160, 169, 171, 172, 184, 185, 191, 198 superior 53, 65, 198 surrender 122, 198 symbolic 32, 198 symbols 43, 131, 137, 150, 198 synagogues 3 5, 25, 40, 43, 45, 161, 198 Synoptic 113, 198 tax collector 45, 64, 85, 97, 117, 118, 120, 124, 128, 129, 198 teaching 23, 43, 45, 46, 48, 49, 51, 53, 54, 61, 64, 65, 69, 70, 73, 77, 81, 85, 93, 94, 97, 99 102, 105, 107, 110, 112, 118, 119, 122, 124, 127, 134, 138 140, 144 146, 153, 154, 164, 185, 198 technical 6, 23, 91, 198 temple 1, 4, 7, 8, 13, 17 19, 21 27, 36, 47, 49, 85, 94, 102, 118, 128, 131, 133 136, 140, 141, 143, 144, 146, 153, 154, 160 162, 171, 172, 176, 199 temptation 8, 31, 35, 36, 38, 39, 63, 171, 199 time 1, 3 5, 9, 11, 13, 19, 22, 23, 25 27, 33 36, 41, 42, 46, 48, 52, 53, 57, 62 65, 70 73, 77 81, 83, 84, 90, 93, 94, 101, 107 111, 113, 115, 118, 120, 123, 125 127, 133 135, 138, 143

146, 150, 153, 154, 160 162, 166, 167, 172, 175, 179, 181, 185, 186, 188, 191, 199 tomb 113, 128, 157, 169, 173, 176, 177, 179 185, 190, 191, 199 Transfiguration 67, 83, 84, 94, 199 trial 40, 159, 162 166, 168, 175, 199 Tribulation 131, 143, 144, 147, 154, 190, 199 twelve years 21 23, 72, 199 unbelief 25, 41, 42, 46, 57 60, 63, 65, 71, 73, 84, 85, 91, 93, 95, 199 union 14, 199 vanished 180, 181, 184, 191, 199 virgin 1, 7, 9, 14, 25, 199 visit 1, 9, 13, 17, 21, 24, 25, 105, 124, 179, 180, 199 voice 26, 31, 32 34, 63, 84, 113, 134, 181, 188, 199 volunteering 89, 90, 199 walking 42, 48, 72, 75, 76, 78 80, 91, 94, 95, 113, 124, 143, 170, 177, 183, 184, 186, 191, 199 woes 137, 141, 199 women 8, 57, 77, 93, 126, 145, 170, 179 181, 184, 185, 190, 191, 199 Zecharia, 199

Scripture Index Genesis 2 119 Exodus 30 19 Leviticus 4.... 170 12 ... 17 16 ... 188 23 ... 103 Deuteronomy 6.... 140 23 ... 48, 49 2 Samuel 7 140 1 Kings 17 77 2 Kings 4 77 Job 9 . 188 Psalms 2.... 14, 36 22 ... 170 37 ... 21 41 ... 52 91 ... 36 Isaiah 6.... 70 7.... 9, 25 9.... 42, 64 11 ... 22 40 ... 32, 33 42 ... 52 50 ... 167 53 ... 19, 170, 176 61 ... 58, 150 Jeremiah 23 ... 22 31 ... 20, 150 33 ... 22 Ezekiel 11 150 Daniel 9 19 Micah 5 12, 13, 15, 26 Zechariah 3.... 22 6.... 22 9.... 134 11....163 13....151 14....187, 191 Malachi 3......58 4......8, 25, 58 Matthew 1 ....7, 9, 11, 17 2 ....15, 17, 18, 19, 21 3 ....31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36

4 5 7 8

....8, 31, 35, 39, 40, 42, 45 ....23, 32, 51, 53, 54, 56, 119 ....3, 51, 54 ....42, 43, 46, 51, 54, 55, 69,

71, 89, 90, 92 9 ....45, 47, 48, 69, 71, 72, 73 10....51, 69, 73 11....12, 32, 33, 57, 58, 69, 73, 89, 90 12....45, 47, 49, 51, 52, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 78, 103, 179, 180 13....69, 70, 71, 73 14....31, 36, 69, 73, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80 15....76, 77, 78, 79 16....76, 77, 78, 80, 81, 179 17....74, 83, 84, 85 18....80, 83, 85, 105, 107 19....117, 118, 119, 121, 122 20....121, 123, 124 21....133, 134, 135, 137, 138 22....87, 137, 139, 140, 142 23....3, 137, 140, 141, 142 24....143, 144, 145, 147, 188 25....143, 145, 146 26....8, 121, 125, 143, 146, 149, 150, 151, 152, 159, 160, 161, 162, 164 27....159, 162, 163, 165, 166, 167, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173 28....179, 180, 181, 183, 185 Mark 1 ....31, 32, 34, 35, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45 2 ....45, 46, 3 ....49, 51, 4 ....69, 70, 5 ....69, 71, 6 ....31, 37, 7 ....76 79 223 8.... 45, 76 78, 80, 94 9.... 9, 45, 83 87 10 ... 117, 118, 121, 122, 123, 47, 52, 71 72, 69, 49 57, 58, 59 75 73, 74, 76 78

124, 126 11 ... 133, 134, 135 12 ... 137, 138, 139, 140, 141 13 ... 143 14 ... 121, 125, 143, 146, 149, 151, 159, 160, 161, 162, 164, 175 15 ... 159, 163, 165, 166, 169, 170, 171, 172 16 ... 44, 179, 180, 183, 185, 186, 187 Luke 1.... 7, 8, 9, 10, 31, 32, 58, 84 2.... 8, 11, 12, 13, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 27, 171 3.... 7, 31, 33, 34, 36 4.... 31, 35, 36, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 5.... 39, 45, 6.... 45, 47, 7.... 51, 54, 8.... 69, 70, 9.... 69, 73, 47, 49, 55, 71, 75, 48 51, 53 57, 58, 60 126 76, 77, 80, 83,

84, 85, 86, 89, 90, 92, 117 10 ... 85, 89, 90, 91, 92, 99, 100 11 ... 57, 58, 60, 99, 100, 101 12 ... 53, 76, 77, 99, 100, 101 13 ... 99, 102, 117, 118, 135 14 ... 99, 102, 105, 106, 107, 110 15 ... 105, 107, 108 16 ... 53, 105, 108, 109, 111, 112, 114, 117, 118 17 ... 83, 85, 89, 91, 111, 112, 113 18 ... 101, 117, 118, 119, 121, 122, 124 19 ... 121, 124, 125, 133, 134, 136 20 ... 137, 138, 139, 140 21 ... 143 22 ... 121, 122, 123, 143, 146, 149, 151, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164 23 ... 165, 166, 169, 170, 171, 172, 179 24 ... 179, 180, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187 John

1.... 14, 32, 34, 40

224 The Life of Christ 2.... 3.... 4.... 5.... 6.... 7.... 8.... 40, 35, 35, 32, 52, 23 24, 71, 77 58, 173 40, 63, 172 113 150 32, 53

11 ... 18, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115 12 ... 13 ... 14 ... 16 ... 17 ... 18 ... 125 149, 150, 151, 152 62, 149, 151 62, 187 188 159, 160, 161, 165, 166,

180 19 ... 165, 166, 167, 171, 172 20 ... 80, 179, 180, 181 Acts 1.... 8, 34, 40, 183, 185, 186, 187, 188 2.... 5, 80, 185 7.... 3 10 ... 35 15...4, 5, 49 22 ..6, 32 23 4 Romans 6......179 8......14, 15, 26, 164 1 Corinthians 5 ....80 11....152 14....115 15....185 2 Corinthians 4 36 Galatians 4 11, 17, 26 Ephesians 2......118 3......42 4......188

Philippians 2 14, 15 1 Timothy 2 188 2 Timothy 3 56 1 Thessalonians 4 ..... 187, 188 Hebrews 1.... 14, 49 2.... 172 4.... 164, 187, 188 7.... 34, 187, 188 9.... 172, 187, 188 10 ... 172 13 ... 170 1 Peter 2 14 1 John 2 .... 188 5..... 36 Revelation 1.... 187, 188 12 ... 188 22 ... 189