MU-GAGE PLUS OPERATION MANUAL

MU-GAGE PLUS OPERATION MANUAL

Mu-Gage PLUS Operation Manual

Mu-Gage PLUS Operation Manual

Version 1.1 December 1999

Version 1.1 December 1999

MTI Corporation Aurora Ill

MTI Corporation Aurora Ill

Table of Contents
I IMORTANT NOTICE..... 1 I INTRODUCTION... 5 III DIAGRAM OF A SYSTEM....9 IV OPERATION.11 V SERIAL I/O INTERFACE...... 25 VI SPECIFICATION... 29 VII APPLICATION NOTES..... 33 VIII WARRANTY/SERVICE.....37 APPENDIX A..... 39 APPENDIX B.41

Table of Contents
I IMORTANT NOTICE..... 1 I INTRODUCTION... 5 III DIAGRAM OF A SYSTEM....9 IV OPERATION.11 V SERIAL I/O INTERFACE...... 25 VI SPECIFICATION... 29 VII APPLICATION NOTES..... 33 VIII WARRANTY/SERVICE.....37 APPENDIX A..... 39 APPENDIX B.41

CHAPTER 1 Important Notice

The following information must be read and understood by any user of an ultrasonic thickness gauge. Failure to follow these instructions can lead to errors in thickness measurements or other test results. Decisions based on erroneous results can, in turn, lead to property damage, personal injury or death.

CHAPTER 1 Important Notice

The following information must be read and understood by any user of an ultrasonic thickness gauge. Failure to follow these instructions can lead to errors in thickness measurements or other test results. Decisions based on erroneous results can, in turn, lead to property damage, personal injury or death.

General Warnings
Proper use of ultrasonic test equipment requires three essential elements:

General Warnings
Proper use of ultrasonic test equipment requires three essential elements:

Selection of the correct test equipment. Knowledge of the specific test application requirements. Training on the part of the instrument operator.

Selection of the correct test equipment. Knowledge of the specific test application requirements. Training on the part of the instrument operator.

This operational manual provides instruction in the basic set up and operation of the StressTel thickness gauge. There are, however, additional factors which affect the use of ultrasonic test equipment. Specific information regarding these additional factors is beyond the scope of this manual. The operator should refer to textbooks on the subject of ultrasonic testing for more detailed information.

This operational manual provides instruction in the basic set up and operation of the StressTel thickness gauge. There are, however, additional factors which affect the use of ultrasonic test equipment. Specific information regarding these additional factors is beyond the scope of this manual. The operator should refer to textbooks on the subject of ultrasonic testing for more detailed information.

Operator Training
Operators must receive adequate training before using ultrasonic test equipment. Operators must be trained in general ultrasonic testing procedures and in the set up and performance required by a particular test. Operators must understand:

Operator Training
Operators must receive adequate training before using ultrasonic test equipment. Operators must be trained in general ultrasonic testing procedures and in the set up and performance required by a particular test. Operators must understand:

Soundwave propagation theory. Effects of the velocity of sound of the test material. Behavior of the sound wave where two different materials are in contact.

Soundwave propagation theory. Effects of the velocity of sound of the test material. Behavior of the sound wave where two different materials are in contact.

Areas covered by the sound beam. More specific information about operator training, qualifications, certification, and test specifications is available from various technical societies, industry groups, and government agencies.

Areas covered by the sound beam. More specific information about operator training, qualifications, certification, and test specifications is available from various technical societies, industry groups, and government agencies.

Testing Limitations
In ultrasonic testing, information is obtained only from within the limits of the sound beam. Operators must exercise great caution in making inferences about the test material outside the limits of the sound beam. For example, when testing large materials it may be impossible or impractical to inspect the entire test piece. When a less-than-complete inspection is to be performed, the operator must be shown the specific areas to inspect. Inferences about the condition of areas not inspected, based on data from the evaluated areas, should only by attempted by personnel fully trained in applicable statistical and probability techniques. In particular, materials subject to erosion or corrosion, in which conditions can vary significantly in any given area, should only be evaluated by fully trained and experienced operators. Sound beams reflect from the first interior surface encountered. Because of part geometry and overlapped flaws or overlapped surfaces, thickness gauges may measure the distance to an internal flaw rather than to the back wall of the material. Operators must take steps to ensure that the entire thickness of the test material is being examined.

Testing Limitations
In ultrasonic testing, information is obtained only from within the limits of the sound beam. Operators must exercise great caution in making inferences about the test material outside the limits of the sound beam. For example, when testing large materials it may be impossible or impractical to inspect the entire test piece. When a less-than-complete inspection is to be performed, the operator must be shown the specific areas to inspect. Inferences about the condition of areas not inspected, based on data from the evaluated areas, should only by attempted by personnel fully trained in applicable statistical and probability techniques. In particular, materials subject to erosion or corrosion, in which conditions can vary significantly in any given area, should only be evaluated by fully trained and experienced operators. Sound beams reflect from the first interior surface encountered. Because of part geometry and overlapped flaws or overlapped surfaces, thickness gauges may measure the distance to an internal flaw rather than to the back wall of the material. Operators must take steps to ensure that the entire thickness of the test material is being examined.

Ultrasonic Thickness Measurement Critical Operating Procedures

The following operating procedures must be observed by all users of ultrasonic thickness gauges in order to minimize errors in test results.

Ultrasonic Thickness Measurement Critical Operating Procedures

The following operating procedures must be observed by all users of ultrasonic thickness gauges in order to minimize errors in test results.

1.

Calibration of Sound Velocity

1.

Calibration of Sound Velocity

The principle of operation of an ultrasonic thickness gauge is that the instrument measures the time of flight of an ultrasonic pulse through the test piece and multiplies this time by the velocity of sound in the material. Thickness measuring error is minimized by ensuring that the sound velocity to which the instrument is calibrated is the sound velocity of the material being tested. Actual sound velocities in materials often vary significantly from the values found in published tables. In all cases, best results are obtained if the instrument is calibrated on a velocity reference block made from the same material as the test piece this block should be flat and smooth and as thick as the maximum thickness of the test piece.

The principle of operation of an ultrasonic thickness gauge is that the instrument measures the time of flight of an ultrasonic pulse through the test piece and multiplies this time by the velocity of sound in the material. Thickness measuring error is minimized by ensuring that the sound velocity to which the instrument is calibrated is the sound velocity of the material being tested. Actual sound velocities in materials often vary significantly from the values found in published tables. In all cases, best results are obtained if the instrument is calibrated on a velocity reference block made from the same material as the test piece this block should be flat and smooth and as thick as the maximum thickness of the test piece.

Operators should also be aware that the sound velocity may not be constant in the material being tested; heat-treating, for example, can cause significant changes in sound velocity. This must be considered when evaluating the accuracy of the thickness provided by this instrument. Instruments should always be calibrated before testing, and the calibration should be checked after testing, to minimize testing errors.

Operators should also be aware that the sound velocity may not be constant in the material being tested; heat-treating, for example, can cause significant changes in sound velocity. This must be considered when evaluating the accuracy of the thickness provided by this instrument. Instruments should always be calibrated before testing, and the calibration should be checked after testing, to minimize testing errors.

2.

Probe Zero Procedure

2.

Probe Zero Procedure

The probe zero procedure must be performed as described in this manual. The probe zero block should be clean, in good condition, without noticeable wear. Failure to properly perform the probe zero procedure will cause inaccurate thickness readings.

The probe zero procedure must be performed as described in this manual. The probe zero block should be clean, in good condition, without noticeable wear. Failure to properly perform the probe zero procedure will cause inaccurate thickness readings.

3.

Effects of Temperature on Calibration

3.

Effects of Temperature on Calibration

Temperature variations change the sound velocity of materials and transducer delay lines and, therefore, calibrations. All calibrations should be performed on-site, and with test blocks at the same temperature as the test piece, to minimize errors due to temperature variations.

Temperature variations change the sound velocity of materials and transducer delay lines and, therefore, calibrations. All calibrations should be performed on-site, and with test blocks at the same temperature as the test piece, to minimize errors due to temperature variations.

4.

Transducer Selection

4.

Transducer Selection

The transducer used in testing must be in good condition without noticeable wear of the front surface. Badly worn transducers will have a reduced effective measuring range. The specified range of the transducer must include the complete range of thicknesses to be tested. The temperature of the material to be tested must be within the transducers temperature range. 5. Use of Couplants

The transducer used in testing must be in good condition without noticeable wear of the front surface. Badly worn transducers will have a reduced effective measuring range. The specified range of the transducer must include the complete range of thicknesses to be tested. The temperature of the material to be tested must be within the transducers temperature range. 5. Use of Couplants

Operators must be familiar with the use of ultrasonic couplants. Testing skills must be developed so that couplant is used and applied in a consistent manner to minimize variations in couplant layer thickness and errors in test results. Calibration and actual testing should be performed under similar coupling conditions, using a minimum amount of couplant and applying consistent pressure on the transducer.

Operators must be familiar with the use of ultrasonic couplants. Testing skills must be developed so that couplant is used and applied in a consistent manner to minimize variations in couplant layer thickness and errors in test results. Calibration and actual testing should be performed under similar coupling conditions, using a minimum amount of couplant and applying consistent pressure on the transducer.

6.

Doubling

6.

Doubling

Ultrasonic thickness gauges will, under certain conditions, display readings which are twice (or, in some cases, three times) the actual material thickness being measured. This effect, commonly known as doubling, can occur

Ultrasonic thickness gauges will, under certain conditions, display readings which are twice (or, in some cases, three times) the actual material thickness being measured. This effect, commonly known as doubling, can occur

below the minimum specified range of the transducer. If the transducer being used is worn, doubling is possible at a thickness greater than the minimum of the specified range. When using anew transducer, any reading which is less than twice the minimum specified range of the transducer may be a doubled reading, and the thickness of the material being tested should be verified by the use of other methods. If the transducer shows any sign of wear, doubling may occur at a thickness greater than twice the minimum of the specified range. This thickness should be determined by calibrating the instrument/transducer combination on reference blocks that represent the complete range of possible thicknesses that may be encountered in testing. This is particularly important when the test piece is being ultrasonically measured for the first time or in any case where the history of thickness of the test specimen is unknown.

below the minimum specified range of the transducer. If the transducer being used is worn, doubling is possible at a thickness greater than the minimum of the specified range. When using anew transducer, any reading which is less than twice the minimum specified range of the transducer may be a doubled reading, and the thickness of the material being tested should be verified by the use of other methods. If the transducer shows any sign of wear, doubling may occur at a thickness greater than twice the minimum of the specified range. This thickness should be determined by calibrating the instrument/transducer combination on reference blocks that represent the complete range of possible thicknesses that may be encountered in testing. This is particularly important when the test piece is being ultrasonically measured for the first time or in any case where the history of thickness of the test specimen is unknown.

Chapter II Introduction
1.1 Foreword
The MU-GAGE PLUS Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge is a hand held, microprocessor controlled instrument for thickness measurement of a wide variety of fabricated parts, especially where conditions allow access to one side only. The MU-GAGE PLUS provides precision thickness measurement of most metals, plastics, and other materials, including differential measurements, showing the variation from a preset nominal value. Readings are displayed in the four digit Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) of the instrument, with resolution of up to 0.0001 in or 0.001mm. A variety of contact and delay line ultrasonic probes can be used with the MUGAGE PLUS, including probes designed for plastics. This versatility makes the MU-GAGE PLUS useful even in difficult applications, such as complex geometries, areas of limited access, and attenuative materials. Readings can be sent to an auxiliary device and are recorded by pressing the SEND key. 24-column reports showing measurement, statistical and instrument data can be transmitted to a serial printer or computer.

Chapter II Introduction
1.1 Foreword
The MU-GAGE PLUS Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge is a hand held, microprocessor controlled instrument for thickness measurement of a wide variety of fabricated parts, especially where conditions allow access to one side only. The MU-GAGE PLUS provides precision thickness measurement of most metals, plastics, and other materials, including differential measurements, showing the variation from a preset nominal value. Readings are displayed in the four digit Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) of the instrument, with resolution of up to 0.0001 in or 0.001mm. A variety of contact and delay line ultrasonic probes can be used with the MUGAGE PLUS, including probes designed for plastics. This versatility makes the MU-GAGE PLUS useful even in difficult applications, such as complex geometries, areas of limited access, and attenuative materials. Readings can be sent to an auxiliary device and are recorded by pressing the SEND key. 24-column reports showing measurement, statistical and instrument data can be transmitted to a serial printer or computer.

1.2

Features of the MU-GAGE PLUS

Rugged, sealed case and keypad assure reliability. Seven keys control all functions for simple operation. Push button probe zero and one point, off block calibration simplify setup. VEL mode enables simple calibration when the material velocity of sound is known. Measures as thin as 0.010 inch (0.25 mm) of steel. Resolution options of .0001 in, .001 in, .01 in, .001 mm, .01 mm, and .1 mm assure versatility for numerous applications and materials.

1.2

Features of the MU-GAGE PLUS

Rugged, sealed case and keypad assure reliability. Seven keys control all functions for simple operation. Push button probe zero and one point, off block calibration simplify setup. VEL mode enables simple calibration when the material velocity of sound is known. Measures as thin as 0.010 inch (0.25 mm) of steel. Resolution options of .0001 in, .001 in, .01 in, .001 mm, .01 mm, and .1 mm assure versatility for numerous applications and materials.

Serial I/O port provides ASCII output, in five selectable languages, to IBM compatible personal computers and most serial printers. Individual readings can be transmitted, via the Serial I/O port, to a Mitutoyo data collection device. Differential Offset mode shows the deviation of the measurement from a user set nominal value. HI/LO Tolerance Limits/Alarm mode visually alerts the operator when a reading exceeds the user programmed minimum or maximum value. On board memory saves the most recent calibration settings and operating mode when the MU-GAGE PLUS power is turned off. Four AA replaceable alkaline batteries provide over 35 hours of operation. Selectable electroluminescent backlight permits use in low light conditions.

Serial I/O port provides ASCII output, in five selectable languages, to IBM compatible personal computers and most serial printers. Individual readings can be transmitted, via the Serial I/O port, to a Mitutoyo data collection device. Differential Offset mode shows the deviation of the measurement from a user set nominal value. HI/LO Tolerance Limits/Alarm mode visually alerts the operator when a reading exceeds the user programmed minimum or maximum value. On board memory saves the most recent calibration settings and operating mode when the MU-GAGE PLUS power is turned off. Four AA replaceable alkaline batteries provide over 35 hours of operation. Selectable electroluminescent backlight permits use in low light conditions.

1.2

How the MU-GAGE PLUS Measures Thickness

The MU-GAGE PLUS operates on the pulse-echo principle, similar to sonar. Depending on the thickness of the part to be measured, the MU-GAGE PLUS can employ one of two measuring techniques, contact or delay.

1.2

How the MU-GAGE PLUS Measures Thickness

The MU-GAGE PLUS operates on the pulse-echo principle, similar to sonar. Depending on the thickness of the part to be measured, the MU-GAGE PLUS can employ one of two measuring techniques, contact or delay.

Contact Technique
Contact probes are useful for a wide range of applications. The protective wearplate on the face of the probe provides durability and acoustic matching to extend the measuring range of the probe. Use a contact probe when the thickness to be measured could exceed 1.0 inch (25 mm), or equivalent, of steel. Do not use a contact probe if thicknesses less than 0.080 inch (2.0 mm) of steel are expected. A short ultrasonic pulse is transmitted into the part by the probe (transducer). The pulse travels through the part until it reaches the back surface, where it is reflected back to the probe. The time needed for the ultrasonic pulse to make the round trip through the part is divided by two and multiplied by the velocity of sound in the test material to determine the thickness of the part.

Contact Technique
Contact probes are useful for a wide range of applications. The protective wearplate on the face of the probe provides durability and acoustic matching to extend the measuring range of the probe. Use a contact probe when the thickness to be measured could exceed 1.0 inch (25 mm), or equivalent, of steel. Do not use a contact probe if thicknesses less than 0.080 inch (2.0 mm) of steel are expected. A short ultrasonic pulse is transmitted into the part by the probe (transducer). The pulse travels through the part until it reaches the back surface, where it is reflected back to the probe. The time needed for the ultrasonic pulse to make the round trip through the part is divided by two and multiplied by the velocity of sound in the test material to determine the thickness of the part.

Delay Technique
Delay line probes provide better resolution of thin materials than contact probes by separating the active element of the probe from the surface of the material under test. The maximum thickness range of a delay line probe is limited, however, by the length of the delay line. A delay line probe must be used when thicknesses less than 0.080 inch (2.0 mm) are expected. Do not use a delay line probe to measure thicknesses greater than the length of the delay line. Measurement of the round trip transit time of the pulse begins with the interface echo, which is produced when a portion of the ultrasonic pulse is reflected at the interface between the delay line and front surface of the part being measured. Depending on part thickness, the MU-GAGE PLUS automatically chooses either to measure from the interface echo to the first backwall echo, called the interface to first mode, or to measure between consecutive backwall echoes, called the multi-echo mode.

Delay Technique
Delay line probes provide better resolution of thin materials than contact probes by separating the active element of the probe from the surface of the material under test. The maximum thickness range of a delay line probe is limited, however, by the length of the delay line. A delay line probe must be used when thicknesses less than 0.080 inch (2.0 mm) are expected. Do not use a delay line probe to measure thicknesses greater than the length of the delay line. Measurement of the round trip transit time of the pulse begins with the interface echo, which is produced when a portion of the ultrasonic pulse is reflected at the interface between the delay line and front surface of the part being measured. Depending on part thickness, the MU-GAGE PLUS automatically chooses either to measure from the interface echo to the first backwall echo, called the interface to first mode, or to measure between consecutive backwall echoes, called the multi-echo mode.

Chapter III Typical System

Chapter III Typical System

MU-GAGE PLUS

MU-GAGE PLUS

Cable TRANSDUCER STEP BLOCK

COUPLANT BETWEEN TRANSDUCER AND STEP BLOCK

Cable TRANSDUCER STEP BLOCK

COUPLANT BETWEEN TRANSDUCER AND STEP BLOCK

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Chapter IV Operation
4.1 Battery Installation
To install batteries in the MU-GAGE PLUS, loosen the two end panel screws on the bottom of the instrument and slide out the battery holder and end cap assembly. The assembly connects to the MU-GAGE PLUS circuit board with a polarized connector. This may be easily disconnected by pulling on the shell of the connector. Insert 4 AA alkaline batteries. The MU-GAGE PLUS is protected against incorrect battery installation. If the batteries are installed with polarity reversed, no damage to the MU-GAGE PLUS will occur, but the instrument will not operate. After the batteries have been installed, reconnect the cable to the printed circuit board and carefully replace the battery holder assembly. Finally, replace and tighten the screws. NOTE: When the low battery indicator appears, batteries should be replaced at once. The MU-GAGE PLUS automatically turns off when the batteries become too weak for reliable operation. When testing in remote locations, always carry spare batteries.

Chapter IV Operation
4.1 Battery Installation
To install batteries in the MU-GAGE PLUS, loosen the two end panel screws on the bottom of the instrument and slide out the battery holder and end cap assembly. The assembly connects to the MU-GAGE PLUS circuit board with a polarized connector. This may be easily disconnected by pulling on the shell of the connector. Insert 4 AA alkaline batteries. The MU-GAGE PLUS is protected against incorrect battery installation. If the batteries are installed with polarity reversed, no damage to the MU-GAGE PLUS will occur, but the instrument will not operate. After the batteries have been installed, reconnect the cable to the printed circuit board and carefully replace the battery holder assembly. Finally, replace and tighten the screws. NOTE: When the low battery indicator appears, batteries should be replaced at once. The MU-GAGE PLUS automatically turns off when the batteries become too weak for reliable operation. When testing in remote locations, always carry spare batteries.

4.2

Display Symbols

4.2

Display Symbols

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Carat lights when the MU-GAGE PLUS is in the Normal Thickness Measurement mode. VEL Carat lights when the MU-GAGE PLUS is in the Material Velocity mode. PRB Carat lights when the MU-GAGE PLUS is in the Probe Selection mode. Carat lights when the MU-GAGE PLUS is in the Differential DIF Offset Measurement mode. HI/LO Carat lights when the MU-GAGE PLUS is in the HI/LO Tolerance Limits Alarm setup mode. Carat lights when the Display Backlight Control mode is LT enabled. Over range indicator lights in manual display resolution when ? the reading exceeds available digits + indicates greater than, and indicates less than in DIF + mode, and when displayed value is outside tolerance limits in HI/LO mode. The low battery indicator lights when batteries should be replaced. The coupling indicator lights when satisfactory acoustic coupling between the probe and test piece has been achieved. CAL The CAL annunciator flashes when the CAL key is pressed. The scrolling keys are enabled to modify the displayed value or control parameter. MM Unit of measure of displayed value is millimeters (X.XXX or XX.XX km/s in VEL mode.) Unit of measure displayed value is inches (10 in/s in VEL IN mode.)

THK

Carat lights when the MU-GAGE PLUS is in the Normal Thickness Measurement mode. VEL Carat lights when the MU-GAGE PLUS is in the Material Velocity mode. PRB Carat lights when the MU-GAGE PLUS is in the Probe Selection mode. Carat lights when the MU-GAGE PLUS is in the Differential DIF Offset Measurement mode. HI/LO Carat lights when the MU-GAGE PLUS is in the HI/LO Tolerance Limits Alarm setup mode. Carat lights when the Display Backlight Control mode is LT enabled. Over range indicator lights in manual display resolution when ? the reading exceeds available digits + indicates greater than, and indicates less than in DIF + mode, and when displayed value is outside tolerance limits in HI/LO mode. The low battery indicator lights when batteries should be replaced. The coupling indicator lights when satisfactory acoustic coupling between the probe and test piece has been achieved. CAL The CAL annunciator flashes when the CAL key is pressed. The scrolling keys are enabled to modify the displayed value or control parameter. MM Unit of measure of displayed value is millimeters (X.XXX or XX.XX km/s in VEL mode.) Unit of measure displayed value is inches (10 in/s in VEL IN mode.)

THK

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4.3

Keyboard Controls

4.3

Keyboard Controls

4.3.1

Instrument Control Keys:

When switched on, the MU-GAGE PLUS displays the current software version and displays annunciators for 2 seconds. Last measurement mode and settings are then restored. When switched off, current mode and settings are saved. Selects the MU-GAGE PLUS operation mode (THK, VEL, PRB, DIF, HI/LO, and LT), listed across the top of the display window. A carat ^ lights under the selected mode. The MODE key toggles the carat from left to right. Activates the SCROLLING keys to set values in Normal Thickness (THK), Velocity (VEL), Differential Offset (DIF), and HI/LO Tolerance Limit/Alarm modes, and to select probe (PRB) and backlight (LT) control options. The SCROLLING keys, when enabled by the CAL key, change the displayed value or instrument control option.

4.3.1

Instrument Control Keys:

When switched on, the MU-GAGE PLUS displays the current software version and displays annunciators for 2 seconds. Last measurement mode and settings are then restored. When switched off, current mode and settings are saved. Selects the MU-GAGE PLUS operation mode (THK, VEL, PRB, DIF, HI/LO, and LT), listed across the top of the display window. A carat ^ lights under the selected mode. The MODE key toggles the carat from left to right. Activates the SCROLLING keys to set values in Normal Thickness (THK), Velocity (VEL), Differential Offset (DIF), and HI/LO Tolerance Limit/Alarm modes, and to select probe (PRB) and backlight (LT) control options. The SCROLLING keys, when enabled by the CAL key, change the displayed value or instrument control option.

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NOTE: The scrolling keys are also used to change the resolution and unit of measure (IN or MM) of displayed values by pressing both keys simultaneously in THK or DIF mode (CAL annunciator must be off.) Transmits data to an external device via the Serial I/O port. The function of the SEND key is dependent upon the type of cable connected to the Serial I/O port. Note: Thickness reading transmission to a Mitutoyo data processor is initiated from the Mitutoyo device.

NOTE: The scrolling keys are also used to change the resolution and unit of measure (IN or MM) of displayed values by pressing both keys simultaneously in THK or DIF mode (CAL annunciator must be off.) Transmits data to an external device via the Serial I/O port. The function of the SEND key is dependent upon the type of cable connected to the Serial I/O port. Note: Thickness reading transmission to a Mitutoyo data processor is initiated from the Mitutoyo device.

The CLEAR key is active during the Thickness Review and File Select functions. Momentarily pressing CLEAR clears the displayed reading during Thickness Review. Pressing and holding CLEAR for 3 seconds during File Select clears the displayed file. Scrolling to ALL in File Select and holding the CLEAR key for 3 seconds erases and resets.

The CLEAR key is active during the Thickness Review and File Select functions. Momentarily pressing CLEAR clears the displayed reading during Thickness Review. Pressing and holding CLEAR for 3 seconds during File Select clears the displayed file. Scrolling to ALL in File Select and holding the CLEAR key for 3 seconds erases and resets.

4.4

Getting Started
Before using the MU-GAGE PLUS, be sure to read Important Notices at the beginning of this manual, and also Application Notes, for important information on test conditions that affect measurement results with the MU-GAGE PLUS. Select a suitable probe and connect it to the probe connector on the top end panel. Press the POWER key to turn on the MU-GAGE PLUS. The software revision number and display annunciators are briefly displayed. Then, the operating mode and control settings from the last session are restored. If low light makes the display difficult to read, press the MODE key until the carat points to enable the display backlight. To change the unit of measure or select a different manual resolution setting, press both scrolling keys simultaneously until the desired setting is displayed. To begin a measurement session, press the MODE key until the carat lights under PRB (Probe Selection mode.) Proceed to Section 4.5 to set the MUGAGE PLUS for operation with the selected probe.

4.4

Getting Started
Before using the MU-GAGE PLUS, be sure to read Important Notices at the beginning of this manual, and also Application Notes, for important information on test conditions that affect measurement results with the MU-GAGE PLUS. Select a suitable probe and connect it to the probe connector on the top end panel. Press the POWER key to turn on the MU-GAGE PLUS. The software revision number and display annunciators are briefly displayed. Then, the operating mode and control settings from the last session are restored. If low light makes the display difficult to read, press the MODE key until the carat points to enable the display backlight. To change the unit of measure or select a different manual resolution setting, press both scrolling keys simultaneously until the desired setting is displayed. To begin a measurement session, press the MODE key until the carat lights under PRB (Probe Selection mode.) Proceed to Section 4.5 to set the MUGAGE PLUS for operation with the selected probe.

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4.5

PRB Mode-Probe Selection

The Probe Selection mode is used to set the MU-GAGE PLUS measurement with different types of transducers (probes.) The Specification Chapter lists standard probes with measuring ranges. The three options are: Contact type probe Delay Line type probe Plastics type probe

4.5

PRB Mode-Probe Selection

The Probe Selection mode is used to set the MU-GAGE PLUS measurement with different types of transducers (probes.) The Specification Chapter lists standard probes with measuring ranges. The three options are: Contact type probe Delay Line type probe Plastics type probe

To change the probe selection option, press the MODE key until the carat appears under PRB. The display indicates the current probe setting. To change modes, press the CAL key to make the CAL icon appear. Now press a scroll key to change the probe setting. Finally, press CAL again to exit the probe selection procedure. NOTE: If the contact CON probe selection is made, a probe zero must be performed before calibration of velocity or measurement is attempted. See the following section.

To change the probe selection option, press the MODE key until the carat appears under PRB. The display indicates the current probe setting. To change modes, press the CAL key to make the CAL icon appear. Now press a scroll key to change the probe setting. Finally, press CAL again to exit the probe selection procedure. NOTE: If the contact CON probe selection is made, a probe zero must be performed before calibration of velocity or measurement is attempted. See the following section.

4.6

Contact Probe Probe Zero Procedure

Verify the MU-GAGE PLUS is in contact mode CON by using the probe selection function as described above. Now press the MODE key until the carat appears under THK. The probe zero and thickness calibration procedures must be performed in the normal thickness measurement (THK) mode. The probe zero procedure should be performed when changing probes, whether or not the replacement is of the same type. Zeroing compensates for the thickness of the protective wearplate on the front of the contact probe. The probe zero procedure must also be performed in order to calibrate the MU-GAGE PLUS to a known thickness. NOTE: The probe zero procedure must be performed using the probe zero block on the bottom end cap of the MU-GAGE PLUS battery pack. The probe zero block is for zeroing only, and must not be used as a thickness calibration standard or error will result. Apply a drop of couplant to the probe zero block on the bottom end cap of the MUGAGE PLUS. Couple the probe to the zero block. Press the CAL key to begin measurement of the calibration disk. Prob0 will momentarily appear in the display.

4.6

Contact Probe Probe Zero Procedure

Verify the MU-GAGE PLUS is in contact mode CON by using the probe selection function as described above. Now press the MODE key until the carat appears under THK. The probe zero and thickness calibration procedures must be performed in the normal thickness measurement (THK) mode. The probe zero procedure should be performed when changing probes, whether or not the replacement is of the same type. Zeroing compensates for the thickness of the protective wearplate on the front of the contact probe. The probe zero procedure must also be performed in order to calibrate the MU-GAGE PLUS to a known thickness. NOTE: The probe zero procedure must be performed using the probe zero block on the bottom end cap of the MU-GAGE PLUS battery pack. The probe zero block is for zeroing only, and must not be used as a thickness calibration standard or error will result. Apply a drop of couplant to the probe zero block on the bottom end cap of the MUGAGE PLUS. Couple the probe to the zero block. Press the CAL key to begin measurement of the calibration disk. Prob0 will momentarily appear in the display.

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4.7

Contact Probe Calibration to a Known Thickness

NOTE: The probe zero block built into the MU-GAGE PLUS should not be used as a thickness calibration standard. This procedure requires a test sample of the same material and velocity of sound as the material to be measured which has a thickness which is known or can be measured by physical means. For best results, the thickness of the calibration standard should be equal to, or slightly greater than, the thickest part to be measured. Perform the probe zero procedure as described in Section 4.6. Following the probe zero procedure, the display appears with the CAL icon flashing and a group of underscores where the numeric reading would normally be (_ _ _ _). Apply a drop of couplant to the test sample. Couple the probe to the test sample. Be sure the coupling icon appears and the reading is stable. The displayed reading may not match the known thickness of the test sample. Uncouple the probe and wipe the excess couplant from the probe face. The coupling icon disappears and the CAL icon continues to flash. If the value displayed does not match the known thickness of the test sample, velocity calibration is required. Simply use the scrolling keys to change the displayed value until it matches the known thickness of the test sample. The longer the scrolling key is held, the faster the displayed value will change. When the correct reading is displayed, press the CAL key to end the calibration procedure. The CAL icon will disappear and the MU-GAGE PLUS will return to the thickness measurement mode. When the MU-GAGE PLUS is turned off, the current probe zero and velocity settings are saved in memory. When the instrument is turned on again, recalibration is not required unless the probe or material to be measured has changed since the last calibration. It is recommended, however, that the probe zero procedure be performed at the beginning of each measurement session. The MU-GAGE PLUS is now calibrated and ready to take measurements on parts of the same material and velocity of sound as the test sample.

4.7

Contact Probe Calibration to a Known Thickness

NOTE: The probe zero block built into the MU-GAGE PLUS should not be used as a thickness calibration standard. This procedure requires a test sample of the same material and velocity of sound as the material to be measured which has a thickness which is known or can be measured by physical means. For best results, the thickness of the calibration standard should be equal to, or slightly greater than, the thickest part to be measured. Perform the probe zero procedure as described in Section 4.6. Following the probe zero procedure, the display appears with the CAL icon flashing and a group of underscores where the numeric reading would normally be (_ _ _ _). Apply a drop of couplant to the test sample. Couple the probe to the test sample. Be sure the coupling icon appears and the reading is stable. The displayed reading may not match the known thickness of the test sample. Uncouple the probe and wipe the excess couplant from the probe face. The coupling icon disappears and the CAL icon continues to flash. If the value displayed does not match the known thickness of the test sample, velocity calibration is required. Simply use the scrolling keys to change the displayed value until it matches the known thickness of the test sample. The longer the scrolling key is held, the faster the displayed value will change. When the correct reading is displayed, press the CAL key to end the calibration procedure. The CAL icon will disappear and the MU-GAGE PLUS will return to the thickness measurement mode. When the MU-GAGE PLUS is turned off, the current probe zero and velocity settings are saved in memory. When the instrument is turned on again, recalibration is not required unless the probe or material to be measured has changed since the last calibration. It is recommended, however, that the probe zero procedure be performed at the beginning of each measurement session. The MU-GAGE PLUS is now calibrated and ready to take measurements on parts of the same material and velocity of sound as the test sample.

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Proceed to Section for normal thickness measurement (THK mode) procedure, or refer to Section 4.12 for differential offset measurements (DIF mode.)

Proceed to Section for normal thickness measurement (THK mode) procedure, or refer to Section 4.12 for differential offset measurements (DIF mode.)

4.8

Delay Calibration to a Known Thickness

NOTE: The probe zero block built into the MU-GAGE PLUS should not be used as a thickness calibration standard. This procedure requires a test sample of the same material and velocity of sound as the material to be measured which has a thickness which is known or can be measured by physical means. For best results, the thickness of the calibration standard should be equal to, or slightly greater than the thickest part to be measured. Be sure that the probe selection option is set to delay dEL . Now press the MODE key until the carat appears under THK. Calibration to a known thickness must be performed in the normal thickness measurement mode. Press the CAL key. The display appears with the CAL icon flashing and a group of underscores where the numeric reading would normally be (_ _ _ _). Apply a drop of couplant to the test sample. Couple the probe to the test sample. Be sure the coupling icon appears and the reading is stable. The displayed reading may not match the known thickness of the test sample. Uncouple the probe and wipe the excess couplant from the delay tip. The coupling icon disappears and the CAL icon continues to flash. If the value displayed does not match the known thickness of the test sample, velocity calibration is required. Simply use the scrolling keys to change the displayed value until it matches the known thickness of the test sample. The longer the scrolling key is held, the faster the displayed value will change. When the correct reading is displayed, press the CAL key to end the calibration procedure. The CAL icon will disappear and the MU-GAGE PLUS will return to the thickness measurement mode. When the MU-GAGE PLUS is turned off, the calibrated velocity setting is saved in memory. When the instrument is turned on again, recalibration is not required unless the probe or material to be measured has changed since the last calibration.

4.8

Delay Calibration to a Known Thickness

NOTE: The probe zero block built into the MU-GAGE PLUS should not be used as a thickness calibration standard. This procedure requires a test sample of the same material and velocity of sound as the material to be measured which has a thickness which is known or can be measured by physical means. For best results, the thickness of the calibration standard should be equal to, or slightly greater than the thickest part to be measured. Be sure that the probe selection option is set to delay dEL . Now press the MODE key until the carat appears under THK. Calibration to a known thickness must be performed in the normal thickness measurement mode. Press the CAL key. The display appears with the CAL icon flashing and a group of underscores where the numeric reading would normally be (_ _ _ _). Apply a drop of couplant to the test sample. Couple the probe to the test sample. Be sure the coupling icon appears and the reading is stable. The displayed reading may not match the known thickness of the test sample. Uncouple the probe and wipe the excess couplant from the delay tip. The coupling icon disappears and the CAL icon continues to flash. If the value displayed does not match the known thickness of the test sample, velocity calibration is required. Simply use the scrolling keys to change the displayed value until it matches the known thickness of the test sample. The longer the scrolling key is held, the faster the displayed value will change. When the correct reading is displayed, press the CAL key to end the calibration procedure. The CAL icon will disappear and the MU-GAGE PLUS will return to the thickness measurement mode. When the MU-GAGE PLUS is turned off, the calibrated velocity setting is saved in memory. When the instrument is turned on again, recalibration is not required unless the probe or material to be measured has changed since the last calibration.

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The MU-GAGE PLUS is now calibrated and ready to take measurements on parts of the same material and velocity of sound as the test sample. Proceed to Section 4.11 for the normal thickness measurement (THK mode) procedure, or to Section 4.12 for instructions on setting a nominal value and performing differential offset measurements (DIF mode).

The MU-GAGE PLUS is now calibrated and ready to take measurements on parts of the same material and velocity of sound as the test sample. Proceed to Section 4.11 for the normal thickness measurement (THK mode) procedure, or to Section 4.12 for instructions on setting a nominal value and performing differential offset measurements (DIF mode).

4.9

VEL Mode Calibration to a Known Velocity The MU-GAGE PLUS may be calibrated to a known material velocity of sound. Velocity is displayed as XXXX IN (10 in/s implied); X.XXX MM, for velocities of 0.254 to 9.999 km/s; or XX.XX MM, for velocities of 10.00 to 15.00 km/s.
To calibrate to a known velocity, follow the preliminary instructions in section 4.4. Set the probe selection option for the correct probe type (Section 4.5). If you are using a contact probe, perform the probe zero procedure (Section 4.6). When the probe zero has been completed (indicated by a row of dashes), press CAL to exit the calibration mode. For delay and plastics probes, no probe zero procedure is needed. Press the MODE key until the carat appears under VEL. The display will show the material velocity to which the MU-GAGE PLUS is currently set. Press the CAL key and use the scrolling keys to change the display to the known material velocity. Press CAL again to end the calibration procedure. Press the MODE key until the carat appears under THK. The MU-GAGE PLUS is now calibrated and ready to measure using the supplied velocity of sound.

4.9

VEL Mode Calibration to a Known Velocity The MU-GAGE PLUS may be calibrated to a known material velocity of sound. Velocity is displayed as XXXX IN (10 in/s implied); X.XXX MM, for velocities of 0.254 to 9.999 km/s; or XX.XX MM, for velocities of 10.00 to 15.00 km/s.
To calibrate to a known velocity, follow the preliminary instructions in section 4.4. Set the probe selection option for the correct probe type (Section 4.5). If you are using a contact probe, perform the probe zero procedure (Section 4.6). When the probe zero has been completed (indicated by a row of dashes), press CAL to exit the calibration mode. For delay and plastics probes, no probe zero procedure is needed. Press the MODE key until the carat appears under VEL. The display will show the material velocity to which the MU-GAGE PLUS is currently set. Press the CAL key and use the scrolling keys to change the display to the known material velocity. Press CAL again to end the calibration procedure. Press the MODE key until the carat appears under THK. The MU-GAGE PLUS is now calibrated and ready to measure using the supplied velocity of sound.

4.10

THK Mode Normal Thickness Measurement

To perform thickness measurements with the MU-GAGE PLUS, select a suitable probe. Set the correct probe selection option according to Section 4.5. If a contact probe has been selected, perform the probe zero procedure (Section 4.6). For any probe, perform the appropriate thickness or velocity calibration procedure (Section 4.7, 4.8, 4.9 or 4.10). If the CAL annunciator is flashing, press CAL to exit the calibration mode. Put the MU-GAGE PLUS in the normal thickness measurement mode by pressing the MODE key until the carat appears under THK.

4.10

THK Mode Normal Thickness Measurement

To perform thickness measurements with the MU-GAGE PLUS, select a suitable probe. Set the correct probe selection option according to Section 4.5. If a contact probe has been selected, perform the probe zero procedure (Section 4.6). For any probe, perform the appropriate thickness or velocity calibration procedure (Section 4.7, 4.8, 4.9 or 4.10). If the CAL annunciator is flashing, press CAL to exit the calibration mode. Put the MU-GAGE PLUS in the normal thickness measurement mode by pressing the MODE key until the carat appears under THK.

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The front and back surface of the test piece should be smooth and free of rust, corrosion, paint, etc. (Other gauges, such as Mitutoyos MU-GAGE are designed for measurement on rough, corroded surfaces.) The front and back surfaces should also be parallel. Measurements on curved surfaces are feasible and commonly done. Apply a small amount of couplant to the test piece. Please the probe gently but firmly on the surface. The coupling icon will appear and the thickness of the part will be displayed. Use firm, steady pressure to obtain a stable reading. Some practice may be necessary to develop a good technique. Remove the probe from the surface and read the thickness of the material under test directly from the display If incorrect values occur repeatedly, check probe selection. If probe selection is correct, recalibrate the instrument (Section 4.6-4.10).

The front and back surface of the test piece should be smooth and free of rust, corrosion, paint, etc. (Other gauges, such as Mitutoyos MU-GAGE are designed for measurement on rough, corroded surfaces.) The front and back surfaces should also be parallel. Measurements on curved surfaces are feasible and commonly done. Apply a small amount of couplant to the test piece. Please the probe gently but firmly on the surface. The coupling icon will appear and the thickness of the part will be displayed. Use firm, steady pressure to obtain a stable reading. Some practice may be necessary to develop a good technique. Remove the probe from the surface and read the thickness of the material under test directly from the display If incorrect values occur repeatedly, check probe selection. If probe selection is correct, recalibrate the instrument (Section 4.6-4.10).

4.11

DIF Mode Setting the Nominal Value

The differential offset measurement (DIF) mode displays the difference between the measured thickness and a nominal value set by the user. To enter DIF mode, press MODE until the carat appears under DIF. To view the current nominal value, press CAL. The CAL icon flashes and the current nominal value is displayed. Press CAL again to return to DFI mode. To change the nominal value, first display the current nominal value by pressing CAL, as above. While the CAL annunciator flashes, use the scrolling keys to change the displayed value. When the desired nominal value is displayed, press CAL to return to the DIF measurement mode. The CAL annunciator turns off and the MU-GAGE PLUS shows the last displayed reading relative to the new nominal value. If there was no previous reading, the new nominal is displayed preceded by a minus sign, which is the difference between a zero value (no reading) and the nominal value.

4.11

DIF Mode Setting the Nominal Value

The differential offset measurement (DIF) mode displays the difference between the measured thickness and a nominal value set by the user. To enter DIF mode, press MODE until the carat appears under DIF. To view the current nominal value, press CAL. The CAL icon flashes and the current nominal value is displayed. Press CAL again to return to DFI mode. To change the nominal value, first display the current nominal value by pressing CAL, as above. While the CAL annunciator flashes, use the scrolling keys to change the displayed value. When the desired nominal value is displayed, press CAL to return to the DIF measurement mode. The CAL annunciator turns off and the MU-GAGE PLUS shows the last displayed reading relative to the new nominal value. If there was no previous reading, the new nominal is displayed preceded by a minus sign, which is the difference between a zero value (no reading) and the nominal value.

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4.12

DIF Mode Differential Offset Thickness Measurement

NOTE: Probe zero and thickness calibration procedures must be performed in the normal thickness measurement (THK) mode. In the differential offset measurement mode, the MU-GAGE PLUS displays the difference between the measured thickness of the part under test and the user programmed nominal value. To enter DIF mode, press MODE until the carat appears under DIF. To view the nominal value, press CAL. The CAL annunciator flashes and the nominal value is displayed. Press CAL again to return to DIF mode. Differential offset measurements are taken using the same procedure as in Section 4.11. Each of the readings is displayed as an offset value, that is, the difference between the measured thickness and nominal value. If the measured thickness is less than nominal, the offset value is preceded by a minus sign (-). If the measured thickness is greater than nominal, the offset value is preceded by a plus sign (+). If the measured thickness is equal to the nominal, a value of zero (0) is displayed.

4.12

DIF Mode Differential Offset Thickness Measurement

NOTE: Probe zero and thickness calibration procedures must be performed in the normal thickness measurement (THK) mode. In the differential offset measurement mode, the MU-GAGE PLUS displays the difference between the measured thickness of the part under test and the user programmed nominal value. To enter DIF mode, press MODE until the carat appears under DIF. To view the nominal value, press CAL. The CAL annunciator flashes and the nominal value is displayed. Press CAL again to return to DIF mode. Differential offset measurements are taken using the same procedure as in Section 4.11. Each of the readings is displayed as an offset value, that is, the difference between the measured thickness and nominal value. If the measured thickness is less than nominal, the offset value is preceded by a minus sign (-). If the measured thickness is greater than nominal, the offset value is preceded by a plus sign (+). If the measured thickness is equal to the nominal, a value of zero (0) is displayed.

4.13

HI/LO Mode Setting Alarm Status and HI/LO Tolerance Limits

The HI/LO mode of the MU-GAGE PLUS calls attention to out of tolerance readings. When HI and/or LO tolerance limits are set, an out of tolerance reading causes the display to flash. A plus sign (+) indicates a reading greater than the HI limit. A minus sign (-) indicates a reading less than the LO limit. WARNING: If a file containing thickness (THK) data is currently active, changing the HI/LO limit settings replaces any settings previously stored in the file. Current HI/LO limits can be viewed or changed by pressing MODE until the carat appears under HI/LO. When the carat is first moved under HI/LO, the status of the high tolerance limit, H.OFF or H.On is indicated. To turn the HI limit on or off, press CAL. Then, with the CAL icon flashing, press either scrolling key. If the HI alarm is off, the display will not flash when a reading exceeds the high tolerance limit.

4.13

HI/LO Mode Setting Alarm Status and HI/LO Tolerance Limits

The HI/LO mode of the MU-GAGE PLUS calls attention to out of tolerance readings. When HI and/or LO tolerance limits are set, an out of tolerance reading causes the display to flash. A plus sign (+) indicates a reading greater than the HI limit. A minus sign (-) indicates a reading less than the LO limit. WARNING: If a file containing thickness (THK) data is currently active, changing the HI/LO limit settings replaces any settings previously stored in the file. Current HI/LO limits can be viewed or changed by pressing MODE until the carat appears under HI/LO. When the carat is first moved under HI/LO, the status of the high tolerance limit, H.OFF or H.On is indicated. To turn the HI limit on or off, press CAL. Then, with the CAL icon flashing, press either scrolling key. If the HI alarm is off, the display will not flash when a reading exceeds the high tolerance limit.

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To view or change the current high tolerance limit, press CAL again. The CAL icon continues to flash and the current high tolerance limit is displayed. Press CAL again to return to the HI limit ON/OFF display without changing the current HI limit, or use the scrolling keys to increase or decrease the high tolerance limit. When the desired limit is displayed, press CAL to return to the HI limit ON/OFF display. If a THK file is active, the file number is displayed briefly as a reminder that the stored settings have been changed in the file. Press MODE to advance from the H. On/H.OFF display to the LO limit functions. L.OFF will appear indicating the status of the low tolerance limit. Adjust the LO limit in a manner identical with the high limit described above. To use the HI or LO alarm, or both, make sure the limit(s) is set and the alarm(s) enabled (H.On, L.On). Use MODE to return to the THK mode. The display will flash if the measured thickness is less than the LO, or greater than the HI tolerance limit (if enabled). A plus sign (+) indicates a reading greater than the HI limit. A minus sign (-) indicates a reading less than the LO limit.

To view or change the current high tolerance limit, press CAL again. The CAL icon continues to flash and the current high tolerance limit is displayed. Press CAL again to return to the HI limit ON/OFF display without changing the current HI limit, or use the scrolling keys to increase or decrease the high tolerance limit. When the desired limit is displayed, press CAL to return to the HI limit ON/OFF display. If a THK file is active, the file number is displayed briefly as a reminder that the stored settings have been changed in the file. Press MODE to advance from the H. On/H.OFF display to the LO limit functions. L.OFF will appear indicating the status of the low tolerance limit. Adjust the LO limit in a manner identical with the high limit described above. To use the HI or LO alarm, or both, make sure the limit(s) is set and the alarm(s) enabled (H.On, L.On). Use MODE to return to the THK mode. The display will flash if the measured thickness is less than the LO, or greater than the HI tolerance limit (if enabled). A plus sign (+) indicates a reading greater than the HI limit. A minus sign (-) indicates a reading less than the LO limit.

4.14

Recording Measurements
Displayed thickness reading can be sent to an external recording device by pressing SEND. With SPC devices, the SEND key is disabled. The SPC device initiates data transfer. See Section 4 for information on connecting external devices to the MU-GAGE PLUS. To record a reading in THK or DIF mode, first perform the measurement (Section 4.11 or 4.13). When the coupling indicator appears and the reading is stable, uncouple the probe and wipe the excess couplant from the probe face. Press SEND. The location where the reading has been stored is displayed briefly. After a displayed reading has been sent, SEND is disabled until a new reading is taken. Zero values will not record in THK mode.

4.14

Recording Measurements
Displayed thickness reading can be sent to an external recording device by pressing SEND. With SPC devices, the SEND key is disabled. The SPC device initiates data transfer. See Section 4 for information on connecting external devices to the MU-GAGE PLUS. To record a reading in THK or DIF mode, first perform the measurement (Section 4.11 or 4.13). When the coupling indicator appears and the reading is stable, uncouple the probe and wipe the excess couplant from the probe face. Press SEND. The location where the reading has been stored is displayed briefly. After a displayed reading has been sent, SEND is disabled until a new reading is taken. Zero values will not record in THK mode.

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4.15 Special Features 4.15.1 Display Resolution and Unit of Measure

The MU-GAGE PLUS is auto-ranging, that is, readings are displayed in the resolution best suited for most applications with the current probe option Contact, or Delay (Section 4.5). with a contact probe, for example, readings under 10 inches will be displayed as X.XXX IN, and readings over 10 inches will be XX.XX IN. The TM1-CD also offers seven manual resolution options: .XXXX IN X.XXX IN XX.XX IN XXX.X IN X.XXX MM XX.XX MM XXX.X MM

4.15 Special Features 4.15.1 Display Resolution and Unit of Measure

The MU-GAGE PLUS is auto-ranging, that is, readings are displayed in the resolution best suited for most applications with the current probe option Contact, or Delay (Section 4.5). with a contact probe, for example, readings under 10 inches will be displayed as X.XXX IN, and readings over 10 inches will be XX.XX IN. The TM1-CD also offers seven manual resolution options: .XXXX IN X.XXX IN XX.XX IN XXX.X IN X.XXX MM XX.XX MM XXX.X MM

To view the current display resolution or unit of measure, the MU-GAGE PLUS must be in THK or DIF mode and the CAL annunciator must be off. Press and hold both scrolling keys for about one second to display the current setting. Release the scrolling keys as soon as the current setting appears to avoid changing it. If auto ranging is enabled, the display will appear with all four decimal points. If manual resolution is enabled the display will appear with the decimal point and IN MM display in the selected resolution. To change resolution or units continue to hold both scrolling keys. Each of the options will momentarily appear. Release the scrolling keys when the desired option is displayed. When the MU-GAGE PLUS is turned off, the resolution setting is saved and restored when the unit is turned on.

To view the current display resolution or unit of measure, the MU-GAGE PLUS must be in THK or DIF mode and the CAL annunciator must be off. Press and hold both scrolling keys for about one second to display the current setting. Release the scrolling keys as soon as the current setting appears to avoid changing it. If auto ranging is enabled, the display will appear with all four decimal points. If manual resolution is enabled the display will appear with the decimal point and IN MM display in the selected resolution. To change resolution or units continue to hold both scrolling keys. Each of the options will momentarily appear. Release the scrolling keys when the desired option is displayed. When the MU-GAGE PLUS is turned off, the resolution setting is saved and restored when the unit is turned on.

4.15.2 Backlight Control

The MU-GAGE PLUS offers three backlight options: OFF: Backlight disabled; maximum battery life ON: Backlight is on continuously; least battery life AU: Automatic Backlight; backlight activates with each operation and remains on for 5 seconds; battery life is conserved When set to automatic, the backlight is activated when the probe is coupled or when a key is pressed. It remains on for 5 seconds after the probe is uncoupled or the key is

4.15.2 Backlight Control

The MU-GAGE PLUS offers three backlight options: OFF: Backlight disabled; maximum battery life ON: Backlight is on continuously; least battery life AU: Automatic Backlight; backlight activates with each operation and remains on for 5 seconds; battery life is conserved When set to automatic, the backlight is activated when the probe is coupled or when a key is pressed. It remains on for 5 seconds after the probe is uncoupled or the key is

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released. It remains on continuously during the probe zero procedure, any time the CAL annunciator is flashing. Therefore, battery life can be extended by turning off the backlight during a lengthy operation, such as printing a large file or all files. To set the desired backlight control option, press MODE until the carat appears under LT. Press CAL and use the scrolling keys to select the desired option. The display continuously loops through the options while either scrolling key is held. Press CAL again to end the backlight control operation. When the TM1-CD is turned off, the current backlight setting is saved and will be restored when the instrument is turned off again.

released. It remains on continuously during the probe zero procedure, any time the CAL annunciator is flashing. Therefore, battery life can be extended by turning off the backlight during a lengthy operation, such as printing a large file or all files. To set the desired backlight control option, press MODE until the carat appears under LT. Press CAL and use the scrolling keys to select the desired option. The display continuously loops through the options while either scrolling key is held. Press CAL again to end the backlight control operation. When the TM1-CD is turned off, the current backlight setting is saved and will be restored when the instrument is turned off again.

4.15.3 Automatic Timed Shut-off

If left inactive for 3.5 minutes, the MU-GAGE PLUS automatically turns itself off to save battery life. Any operation, such as coupling the probe or pressing a key, restarts the shut off timing.

4.15.3 Automatic Timed Shut-off

If left inactive for 3.5 minutes, the MU-GAGE PLUS automatically turns itself off to save battery life. Any operation, such as coupling the probe or pressing a key, restarts the shut off timing.

4.15.4 Instrument Self-Test

During operation, the MU-GAGE PLUS performs a variety of hardware diagnostic tests. Unless failure is detected, the operator will not be aware that these tests are being performed. In the unlikely event that a problem is detected, the instrument will flash the word FAIL and a number that relates to the nature of the problem. Hardware failures are extremely rare. However, if this condition occurs, please make a note of the flashing number code and call the nearest Mititoyo service center.

4.15.4 Instrument Self-Test

During operation, the MU-GAGE PLUS performs a variety of hardware diagnostic tests. Unless failure is detected, the operator will not be aware that these tests are being performed. In the unlikely event that a problem is detected, the instrument will flash the word FAIL and a number that relates to the nature of the problem. Hardware failures are extremely rare. However, if this condition occurs, please make a note of the flashing number code and call the nearest Mititoyo service center.

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Chapter V Serial I/O Interface

5.1 Serial I/O Interface
The 10 pin 0.25 square pin connector, located on the top end cap of the MUGAGE PLUS, is the Serial I/O port. It is used to transmit readings and statistical data to an external device, such as a printer, an IBM compatible personal computer, or an SPC data processor or peripheral. Sections 5.2 through 5.4 proved the necessary information for transmitting data. For simple communication with a PC, almost any standard communication software program will work. The output of the MU-GAGE PLUS is a text file which may be edited with a word processor or other text editor and printed or included in a report or used as input to a data analysis program. You will need to purchase the special serial data cable, part number #11409 which has special circuitry to provide an RS-232 output level. Supplied with the serial data cable is a disk with the utility program TMKEY and an example spreadsheet file which plots X bar and R bar charts. Note that Lotus 123 or a spreadsheet which can read a *.WK1 file is required to use this example. The TMKEY utility can be used with a wide variety of software packages. The type of device connected to the Serial I/O port determines how the MUGAGE PLUS responds when SEND is pressed. To connect to an SPC device, a standard Mitutoyo cable can be used. Table 5.1 summarizes the SEND operation of the MU-GAGE PLUS, based on the device connected.

Chapter V Serial I/O Interface

5.1 Serial I/O Interface
The 10 pin 0.25 square pin connector, located on the top end cap of the MUGAGE PLUS, is the Serial I/O port. It is used to transmit readings and statistical data to an external device, such as a printer, an IBM compatible personal computer, or an SPC data processor or peripheral. Sections 5.2 through 5.4 proved the necessary information for transmitting data. For simple communication with a PC, almost any standard communication software program will work. The output of the MU-GAGE PLUS is a text file which may be edited with a word processor or other text editor and printed or included in a report or used as input to a data analysis program. You will need to purchase the special serial data cable, part number #11409 which has special circuitry to provide an RS-232 output level. Supplied with the serial data cable is a disk with the utility program TMKEY and an example spreadsheet file which plots X bar and R bar charts. Note that Lotus 123 or a spreadsheet which can read a *.WK1 file is required to use this example. The TMKEY utility can be used with a wide variety of software packages. The type of device connected to the Serial I/O port determines how the MUGAGE PLUS responds when SEND is pressed. To connect to an SPC device, a standard Mitutoyo cable can be used. Table 5.1 summarizes the SEND operation of the MU-GAGE PLUS, based on the device connected.

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Table 5.1 Data SEND Operation (Based on Device Connected)

Connected Device RS232C Device SPC Device Operation Read Only Disabled SEND Operation Sends displayed thickness Disabled; transfer of displayed thickness value is initiated by SPC device Connected Device RS232C Device SPC Device

Table 5.1 Data SEND Operation (Based on Device Connected)

Operation Read Only Disabled SEND Operation Sends displayed thickness Disabled; transfer of displayed thickness value is initiated by SPC device

NOTE: The MU-GAGE PLUS should be off when connecting a cable for an external device to the Serial I/O.

NOTE: The MU-GAGE PLUS should be off when connecting a cable for an external device to the Serial I/O.

5.1

Printing Data
A thickness measurement can be transferred, via the Serial port, to a printer. The 24-column format is compatible with most 24, 40, 80 or 132 column serial printers, if the proper cable is used.

5.1

Printing Data
A thickness measurement can be transferred, via the Serial port, to a printer. The 24-column format is compatible with most 24, 40, 80 or 132 column serial printers, if the proper cable is used.

5.2

Transferring Data to a Personal Computer

Thickness readings measured by the MU-GAGE PLUS can be transmitted, via the Serial I/O port, to an IBM compatible computer. Readings are transmitted as ASCII text files. Once saved on disk, data can be viewed on screen, printed, or transferred to standard word processing, data base, spreadsheet, SPC, and applications software. The ASCII format also simplifies the transfer of data for users who wish to use standard communications software or write their own. With the MU-GAGE PLUS off, connect the special MU-GAGE PLUS serial cable to the Serial I/O port and to the RS-232 port of the PC. To transmit, the MU-GAGE PLUS must be on and in THK or DIF mode.

5.2

Transferring Data to a Personal Computer

Thickness readings measured by the MU-GAGE PLUS can be transmitted, via the Serial I/O port, to an IBM compatible computer. Readings are transmitted as ASCII text files. Once saved on disk, data can be viewed on screen, printed, or transferred to standard word processing, data base, spreadsheet, SPC, and applications software. The ASCII format also simplifies the transfer of data for users who wish to use standard communications software or write their own. With the MU-GAGE PLUS off, connect the special MU-GAGE PLUS serial cable to the Serial I/O port and to the RS-232 port of the PC. To transmit, the MU-GAGE PLUS must be on and in THK or DIF mode.

5.3

Transferring Data to a SPC Data Collection Device

Individual readings can be sent to any SPC device capable of receiving transmitted data in Mitutoyo format.

5.3

Transferring Data to a SPC Data Collection Device

Individual readings can be sent to any SPC device capable of receiving transmitted data in Mitutoyo format.

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With the MU-GAGE PLUS off, connect the SPC device to the Serial I/O port using a standard 10 pin ribbon cable. Set up the SPC device according to the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Be sure the device is on and ready to receive data. Turn on the MU-GAGE PLUS. Obtain the desired reading in the display of the MU-GAGE PLUS (Section 4.11). When the desired reading is displayed, initiate transfer of the reading at the SPC device by pressing the appropriate key or switch. Consult the operating manual of the device for the correct procedure. The SEND key of the MUGAGE PLUS is completely useless when the Mitutoyo interface cable is connected, and you must press the SEND key on the Mitutoyo device. After the reading has been transferred, the MU-GAGE PLUS is ready to take another measurement.

With the MU-GAGE PLUS off, connect the SPC device to the Serial I/O port using a standard 10 pin ribbon cable. Set up the SPC device according to the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Be sure the device is on and ready to receive data. Turn on the MU-GAGE PLUS. Obtain the desired reading in the display of the MU-GAGE PLUS (Section 4.11). When the desired reading is displayed, initiate transfer of the reading at the SPC device by pressing the appropriate key or switch. Consult the operating manual of the device for the correct procedure. The SEND key of the MUGAGE PLUS is completely useless when the Mitutoyo interface cable is connected, and you must press the SEND key on the Mitutoyo device. After the reading has been transferred, the MU-GAGE PLUS is ready to take another measurement.

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Chapter VI Specifications
6.1 MU-GAGE PLUS Specifications
Operating Principle: Ultrasonic, pulse-echo measurement method

Chapter VI Specifications
6.1 MU-GAGE PLUS Specifications
Operating Principle: Ultrasonic, pulse-echo measurement method

Thickness Measuring Range: Contact Probe Option: Delay Probe Option: 0.080 inch to approx 15 inches; 2.0 mm to approx. 380 mm. 0.010 inch to 1.000 inch; 0.25 mm to 26.00 mm

Thickness Measuring Range: Contact Probe Option: Delay Probe Option: 0.080 inch to approx 15 inches; 2.0 mm to approx. 380 mm. 0.010 inch to 1.000 inch; 0.25 mm to 26.00 mm

NOTE: Published thickness measuring ranges are based on flat carbon steel (or plastic) reference standards at room temperature. Actual ranges depend on probe selection and characteristics of material under test. Material Velocity Range: 10,000 to 590,000 inches per second; 0.254 to 16.00 kilometers per second Default resolution is auto ranging 0.001 below 10.0 inches; 00.01 above 9.999 inches 0.01 mm below 100 mm; 0.1 mm above 99.99 mm 0.0001 below 1.0 inch; 0.001 above 0.9999 inch 0.01 below 10.0 mm; 0.01 above 9.999 mm 2 counts of least significant digit over 24 hour period at constant temperature

NOTE: Published thickness measuring ranges are based on flat carbon steel (or plastic) reference standards at room temperature. Actual ranges depend on probe selection and characteristics of material under test. Material Velocity Range: 10,000 to 590,000 inches per second; 0.254 to 16.00 kilometers per second Default resolution is auto ranging 0.001 below 10.0 inches; 00.01 above 9.999 inches 0.01 mm below 100 mm; 0.1 mm above 99.99 mm 0.0001 below 1.0 inch; 0.001 above 0.9999 inch 0.01 below 10.0 mm; 0.01 above 9.999 mm 2 counts of least significant digit over 24 hour period at constant temperature

Displayed Resolution: Contact Probe Option:

Displayed Resolution: Contact Probe Option:

Delay Probe Option:

Delay Probe Option:

Instrument Stability:

Instrument Stability:

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Linearity: Contact Probe Option: Delay Probe Option: 2 counts of least significant digit 2 counts of least significant digit when measuring 0.040 inch (1.0 mm); 3 counts of least significant digit when measuring <0.040 inch (1.0 mm) Push-button, keyed to built in probe zero block (contact probes only) One point, off block, with known thickness calibration standard of same material and velocity as material to be measured (all probe types)

Linearity: Contact Probe Option: Delay Probe Option: 2 counts of least significant digit 2 counts of least significant digit when measuring 0.040 inch (1.0 mm); 3 counts of least significant digit when measuring <0.040 inch (1.0 mm) Push-button, keyed to built in probe zero block (contact probes only) One point, off block, with known thickness calibration standard of same material and velocity as material to be measured (all probe types)

Probe Zero Adjustment:

Probe Zero Adjustment:

Calibration:

Calibration:

Measurement Method: Contact Probe Option: Delay Probe Option: From excitation to first backwall echo Multiple echo for thickness up to approximately 0.070 inch in steel; interface to first backwall echo for greater than 0.070 inch in steel 1200 baud; 8 data bits; 1 stop bit; no parity Mitutoyo Format Via SEND key English, German, French, Italian, and Spanish

Measurement Method: Contact Probe Option: Delay Probe Option: From excitation to first backwall echo Multiple echo for thickness up to approximately 0.070 inch in steel; interface to first backwall echo for greater than 0.070 inch in steel 1200 baud; 8 data bits; 1 stop bit; no parity Mitutoyo Format Via SEND key English, German, French, Italian, and Spanish

Serial Protocol:

Serial Protocol:

SPC Data Protocol: Data Transfer: Report Languages:

SPC Data Protocol: Data Transfer: Report Languages:

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Display Type:

Four digit, 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) high, Liquid Crystal Display with electroluminescent backlight 4 each 1.5 volt, AA alkaline cells over 45 hours at 25% duty cycle, (Operating Time) without backlight 3.5 minutes after last probe couple or last press of any key +15F to 125F (-10 to +50C)

Display Type:

Four digit, 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) high, Liquid Crystal Display with electroluminescent backlight 4 each 1.5 volt, AA alkaline cells over 45 hours at 25% duty cycle, (Operating Time) without backlight 3.5 minutes after last probe couple or last press of any key +15F to 125F (-10 to +50C)

Power Requirements: Battery Life:

Power Requirements: Battery Life:

Automatic Shut-Off:

Automatic Shut-Off:

Operating Temperature Range: Storage Temperature Range:

Operating Temperature Range: Storage Temperature Range:

40F to +140F (-40C to + 60C) without batteries 40F to +125F (-40C to 50C) with alkaline batteries 3.5 inches wide 6.25 inches long 1.5 inches deep Approximately 14.5 ounces including batteries Lemo #00 10 pin dual row header

40F to +140F (-40C to + 60C) without batteries 40F to +125F (-40C to 50C) with alkaline batteries 3.5 inches wide 6.25 inches long 1.5 inches deep Approximately 14.5 ounces including batteries Lemo #00 10 pin dual row header

Dimensions:

Dimensions:

Weight:

Weight:

Probe Connector: Serial I/O Connector:

Probe Connector: Serial I/O Connector:

NOTE: MU-GAGE PLUS specifications are subject to change without notice.

NOTE: MU-GAGE PLUS specifications are subject to change without notice.

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Chapter VII Application Notes

7.0 Introduction
The MU-GAGE PLUS thickness gauge is easy to use and will produce consistent and precise measurements, provided that it is used correctly and with an understanding of the factors that can affect measurement accuracy. The following paragraphs deal with some of the more commonly encountered considerations.

Chapter VII Application Notes

7.0 Introduction
The MU-GAGE PLUS thickness gauge is easy to use and will produce consistent and precise measurements, provided that it is used correctly and with an understanding of the factors that can affect measurement accuracy. The following paragraphs deal with some of the more commonly encountered considerations.

7.1

Calibration
The accuracy of any measurement obtained with the MU-GAGE PLUS depends on the accuracy of the calibration. The importance of following calibration procedures described cannot be overemphasized. The MU-GAGE PLUS should be calibrated at the beginning of each measurement session and checked periodically during the session with samples of known thickness. The instrument must also be recalibrated whenever the probe or test material is changed. It is also recommended that the gauge be recalibrated if the thickness range to be measured changes significantly.

7.1

Calibration
The accuracy of any measurement obtained with the MU-GAGE PLUS depends on the accuracy of the calibration. The importance of following calibration procedures described cannot be overemphasized. The MU-GAGE PLUS should be calibrated at the beginning of each measurement session and checked periodically during the session with samples of known thickness. The instrument must also be recalibrated whenever the probe or test material is changed. It is also recommended that the gauge be recalibrated if the thickness range to be measured changes significantly.

7.2

Surface Condition
The MU-GAGE PLUS has been designed to provide optimum results when the contact surface and backwall are both clean and smooth. If the contact surface is too rough, excess couplant can be trapped between the probe and test piece resulting in erroneous readings. If the backwall is rough or uneven, the ultrasonic pulses can be distorted or scattered, resulting in erroneous thickness readings.

7.2

Surface Condition
The MU-GAGE PLUS has been designed to provide optimum results when the contact surface and backwall are both clean and smooth. If the contact surface is too rough, excess couplant can be trapped between the probe and test piece resulting in erroneous readings. If the backwall is rough or uneven, the ultrasonic pulses can be distorted or scattered, resulting in erroneous thickness readings.

7.3

Part Geometry
Part geometry can easily affect measurement accuracy. When testing parts with curved surfaces, such as a tube, it is very important that the probe be placed on the center line of

7.3

Part Geometry
Part geometry can easily affect measurement accuracy. When testing parts with curved surfaces, such as a tube, it is very important that the probe be placed on the center line of

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the part and remain stationary. Some practice may be necessary to develop the proper technique. As a general rule, as the radius of curvature of the test piece decreases, the diameter of the probe used should also decrease to minimize probe rocking problems. Non-parallel surfaces, where the contact surface is not parallel to the backwall, can also cause measurement errors. For critical measurements on parts with non-parallel surfaces, or on curved parts, it may be helpful to view the echo waveforms on an oscilloscope. Contact StressTel for information on thickness gauges that provide RF output.

the part and remain stationary. Some practice may be necessary to develop the proper technique. As a general rule, as the radius of curvature of the test piece decreases, the diameter of the probe used should also decrease to minimize probe rocking problems. Non-parallel surfaces, where the contact surface is not parallel to the backwall, can also cause measurement errors. For critical measurements on parts with non-parallel surfaces, or on curved parts, it may be helpful to view the echo waveforms on an oscilloscope. Contact StressTel for information on thickness gauges that provide RF output.

7.4

Coupling Errors
The couplant layer between the probe and test piece is part of the thickness measurement. To achieve the best measurement accuracy, the couplant layer must be as thin as possible. This is accomplished by using a low viscosity couplant, and as little couplant as necessary to obtain a stable reading. Firm, even pressure on the probe is also needed to minimize the thickness of the couplant layer. As a rule, larger diameter probes require more pressure to force excess couplant from between the probe face and test surface.

7.4

Coupling Errors
The couplant layer between the probe and test piece is part of the thickness measurement. To achieve the best measurement accuracy, the couplant layer must be as thin as possible. This is accomplished by using a low viscosity couplant, and as little couplant as necessary to obtain a stable reading. Firm, even pressure on the probe is also needed to minimize the thickness of the couplant layer. As a rule, larger diameter probes require more pressure to force excess couplant from between the probe face and test surface.

7.5

Temperature
Variations in temperature also affect measurement accuracy. Most materials expand when heated and contract when cooled. There can also be a change in the velocity of sound in a material when its temperature changes. For best accuracy, the MU-GAGE PLUS should be calibrated on a calibration standard that is at the same temperature as the parts to be measured.

7.5

Temperature
Variations in temperature also affect measurement accuracy. Most materials expand when heated and contract when cooled. There can also be a change in the velocity of sound in a material when its temperature changes. For best accuracy, the MU-GAGE PLUS should be calibrated on a calibration standard that is at the same temperature as the parts to be measured.

7.6

Material Acoustic Properties

In addition to affecting measurement accuracy, the acoustic properties of materials can also affect the range of thickness that can be measured.

7.6

Material Acoustic Properties

In addition to affecting measurement accuracy, the acoustic properties of materials can also affect the range of thickness that can be measured.

7.6.1

Attenuation
Many materials, especially lower density plastics and rubbers, rapidly attenuate ultrasonic signals. This can reduce the maximum thickness that can be measured, and, in severe cases, prevent measurement entirely.

7.6.1

Attenuation
Many materials, especially lower density plastics and rubbers, rapidly attenuate ultrasonic signals. This can reduce the maximum thickness that can be measured, and, in severe cases, prevent measurement entirely.

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7.6.2

Scattering
Some materials are not homogeneous, this is, not of uniform consistency throughout. Sound can be scattered by the grain structure of some cast metals (stainless steel, iron, aluminum, brass) and by the internal acoustic interfaces inherent in reinforced composite materials and fiberglass type materials. Scattering makes it difficult for the gauge to differentiate between valid backwall echoes and spurious scattered echoes caused by the internal structure of the material. In such cases, the MU-GAGE PLUS may be unable to accurately measure the material under test.

7.6.2

Scattering
Some materials are not homogeneous, this is, not of uniform consistency throughout. Sound can be scattered by the grain structure of some cast metals (stainless steel, iron, aluminum, brass) and by the internal acoustic interfaces inherent in reinforced composite materials and fiberglass type materials. Scattering makes it difficult for the gauge to differentiate between valid backwall echoes and spurious scattered echoes caused by the internal structure of the material. In such cases, the MU-GAGE PLUS may be unable to accurately measure the material under test.

7.6.3 Velocity Variations

Some materials are anisotropic with respect to the velocity of sound traveling through them. In other words, the velocity of sound in the material varies depending upon the direction in which it is traveling. Certain kinds of cast stainless steel and brass, as well as some rolled metals exhibit this property. Caution should be exercised when measuring such materials. As previously noted, the velocity of sound in a material can also be affected by the temperature of the material. Plastics are the most highly affected by temperature and care should be taken to maintain consistent temperature when testing plastic parts.

7.6.3 Velocity Variations

Some materials are anisotropic with respect to the velocity of sound traveling through them. In other words, the velocity of sound in the material varies depending upon the direction in which it is traveling. Certain kinds of cast stainless steel and brass, as well as some rolled metals exhibit this property. Caution should be exercised when measuring such materials. As previously noted, the velocity of sound in a material can also be affected by the temperature of the material. Plastics are the most highly affected by temperature and care should be taken to maintain consistent temperature when testing plastic parts.

7.7

Flaws
If, during testing, the MU-GAGE PLUS suddenly reads a value that does not seem to be correct, for example much thinner than the apparent thickness of the part, the instrument may be reading a flaw or delamination in the part rather than the backwall. If this condition occurs, the part should be examined with an ultrasonic flaw detector, or other suitable non-destructive test method, to determine the cause of the suspicious method.

7.7

Flaws
If, during testing, the MU-GAGE PLUS suddenly reads a value that does not seem to be correct, for example much thinner than the apparent thickness of the part, the instrument may be reading a flaw or delamination in the part rather than the backwall. If this condition occurs, the part should be examined with an ultrasonic flaw detector, or other suitable non-destructive test method, to determine the cause of the suspicious method.

7.8

Probe Selection
A number of different types of contact and delay line probes (transducers) are available for use with the MU-GAGE PLUS. The standard plastics probe is a delay line type. Selection of properties of the material to be tested and on the geometry of the test piece. For best results, the highest frequency, smallest

7.8

Probe Selection
A number of different types of contact and delay line probes (transducers) are available for use with the MU-GAGE PLUS. The standard plastics probe is a delay line type. Selection of properties of the material to be tested and on the geometry of the test piece. For best results, the highest frequency, smallest

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diameter probe that will cover the required thickness range should be used. Higher frequency probes have shorter pulse widths, which improve the accuracy of the measurement. However, some applications, such as the testing of attenuative or coarse grain materials, may require lower frequency probe to improve penetration or reduce sensitivity to grain structure. Smaller diameter probes are less likely to trap excess couplant between the probe face and test surface, contributing to improved measurement accuracy. They also proved better results on curved parts by reducing the problem of probe rocking and by improving the coupling between the probe face and curved test surface.

diameter probe that will cover the required thickness range should be used. Higher frequency probes have shorter pulse widths, which improve the accuracy of the measurement. However, some applications, such as the testing of attenuative or coarse grain materials, may require lower frequency probe to improve penetration or reduce sensitivity to grain structure. Smaller diameter probes are less likely to trap excess couplant between the probe face and test surface, contributing to improved measurement accuracy. They also proved better results on curved parts by reducing the problem of probe rocking and by improving the coupling between the probe face and curved test surface.

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Chapter VIII Warranty and Service

A. WARRANTY
When used in accordance with the manufacturers written instructions and under normal operating conditions, the Mu-Gage is guaranteed to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of two (2) years from date of shipment. Mitutoyo will repair free of labor and material charges any unit that proves defective within two (2) years from date of original shipment by Mitutoyo or by an authorized representative or distributor. All repair work will be made at a Factory Trained Service Center as advised by Mitutoyo, provided defective unit is returned properly packed with all transportation charges prepaid. Any and all equipment replacement will be at the sole discretion of Mitutoyo. This warranty shall not apply to equipment subjected to misuse or abuse, improper installation, alteration, neglect, or accident. Excluded from this warranty are expendable items such as transducers, interconnecting cables, and batteries, when used in the instrument. Accessory items such as recorders, etc. will be covered under the original manufacturers warrantyl. This warranty is limited to the original purchaser and is not transferable. No other warranty, expressed or implied, is made.

Chapter VIII Warranty and Service

A. WARRANTY
When used in accordance with the manufacturers written instructions and under normal operating conditions, the Mu-Gage is guaranteed to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of two (2) years from date of shipment. Mitutoyo will repair free of labor and material charges any unit that proves defective within two (2) years from date of original shipment by Mitutoyo or by an authorized representative or distributor. All repair work will be made at a Factory Trained Service Center as advised by Mitutoyo, provided defective unit is returned properly packed with all transportation charges prepaid. Any and all equipment replacement will be at the sole discretion of Mitutoyo. This warranty shall not apply to equipment subjected to misuse or abuse, improper installation, alteration, neglect, or accident. Excluded from this warranty are expendable items such as transducers, interconnecting cables, and batteries, when used in the instrument. Accessory items such as recorders, etc. will be covered under the original manufacturers warrantyl. This warranty is limited to the original purchaser and is not transferable. No other warranty, expressed or implied, is made.

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Appendix A Sound Velocities Table

Typical Sound Velocities in Various Materials (Longitudinal Wave)
Aluminum Brass Cadmium Cast Iron Copper Epoxy Resin Glass (Crown) Glass (Window) Gold Inconel Lead Magnesium Manganese Molybdenum Monel Neoprene Nickel in/s .25 .17 .11 .18 .18 .11 .22 .27 .13 .22 .085 .23 .18 .25 .21 .063 .22 mm/s 6.3 4.3 2.8 4.6 4.6 2.8 6.6 6.8 3.3 6.6 2.2 6.8 4.6 6.3 6.3 1.6 6.6 Nylon Phenolic Platinum Plexiglass Polyethylene Polystyrene Polyurethane Porcelain Rubber (Butyl) Rubber (Vulc.) Silver Steel Tin Titanium Tungsten Zinc Zircaloy 2 in/s .10 .056 .16 .11 .07 .093 .07 .22 .073 .09 .14 .23 .13 .24 .21 .16 .19 mm/s 2.5 1.4 4.1 2.8 1.8 2.4 1.8 6.6 1.9 2.3 3.6 6.8 3.3 6.1 6.3 4.1 4.7 Aluminum Brass Cadmium Cast Iron Copper Epoxy Resin Glass (Crown) Glass (Window) Gold Inconel Lead Magnesium Manganese Molybdenum Monel Neoprene Nickel

Appendix A Sound Velocities Table

Typical Sound Velocities in Various Materials (Longitudinal Wave)
in/s .25 .17 .11 .18 .18 .11 .22 .27 .13 .22 .085 .23 .18 .25 .21 .063 .22 mm/s 6.3 4.3 2.8 4.6 4.6 2.8 6.6 6.8 3.3 6.6 2.2 6.8 4.6 6.3 6.3 1.6 6.6 Nylon Phenolic Platinum Plexiglass Polyethylene Polystyrene Polyurethane Porcelain Rubber (Butyl) Rubber (Vulc.) Silver Steel Tin Titanium Tungsten Zinc Zircaloy 2 in/s .10 .056 .16 .11 .07 .093 .07 .22 .073 .09 .14 .23 .13 .24 .21 .16 .19 mm/s 2.5 1.4 4.1 2.8 1.8 2.4 1.8 6.6 1.9 2.3 3.6 6.8 3.3 6.1 6.3 4.1 4.7

This information is provided for the convenience of the user. Actual velocities depend on exact composition, temperature, and processing of each material.

This information is provided for the convenience of the user. Actual velocities depend on exact composition, temperature, and processing of each material.

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Appendix B Serial I/O Information

MU-GAGE PLUS Serial Protocol Baud Rate: Start Bits: Data Bits: Stop Bits: Parity: Bytes Transmit: 1200 1 8 1 None 13

Appendix B Serial I/O Information

MU-GAGE PLUS Serial Protocol Baud Rate: Start Bits: Data Bits: Stop Bits: Parity: Bytes Transmit: 1200 1 8 1 None 13

RS232 Output: Bipolar Logic Levels

Signals for transmitting to, or receiving commands from a device which uses bipolar logic levels, such as a personal computer, are provided via a special cable. Bipolar logic levels are as follows: Logic 0 (space) = + 10V (max) Logic 1 (mark) = - 10V (max) The required cable is available from StressTel Corporation for connection to a personal computer. Since operation of the MU-GAGE PLUS Data Logger and SEND functions depend upon the type of device connected, use only the cable provided by Mitutoyo for connection to a PC.

RS232 Output: Bipolar Logic Levels

Signals for transmitting to, or receiving commands from a device which uses bipolar logic levels, such as a personal computer, are provided via a special cable. Bipolar logic levels are as follows: Logic 0 (space) = + 10V (max) Logic 1 (mark) = - 10V (max) The required cable is available from StressTel Corporation for connection to a personal computer. Since operation of the MU-GAGE PLUS Data Logger and SEND functions depend upon the type of device connected, use only the cable provided by Mitutoyo for connection to a PC.

Data Send Format

BYTES TRANSMITTED: 13 Byte #1: = or - for differential offset thickness values ? when a display over range condition exists (space) under all other conditions Bytes #2, 3, 4, 5, 6: MU-GAGE PLUS display value, velocity or thickness (4 digits and decimal point for thickness, 4 digits for IN/S velocity, and 5 digits for M/S velocity) Byte #7: Bytes #8, 9, 10, 11: Always (space) IN for inch thickness values IN/S for inch velocity values MM for metric thickness values M/S for metric velocity values Carriage Return (ASCII 13) Line Feed (ASCII 10)

Data Send Format

BYTES TRANSMITTED: 13 Byte #1: = or - for differential offset thickness values ? when a display over range condition exists (space) under all other conditions Bytes #2, 3, 4, 5, 6: MU-GAGE PLUS display value, velocity or thickness (4 digits and decimal point for thickness, 4 digits for IN/S velocity, and 5 digits for M/S velocity) Byte #7: Bytes #8, 9, 10, 11: Always (space) IN for inch thickness values IN/S for inch velocity values MM for metric thickness values M/S for metric velocity values Carriage Return (ASCII 13) Line Feed (ASCII 10)

Byte #12: Byte #13:

Byte #12: Byte #13:

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