TABLE A-2UNIVERSAL GAS CONSTANT FOR DIFFERENT UNITS Pressure Unit psia psia psia bar atm atm

Pa Pa kPa kPa bar bar atm atm Energy Unit Btu Btu calorie calorie kcal kcal calorie calorie erg erg J J R R R R R R K K K K K K lbm g lbm g lbm g kg g kg g kg g 1.9858 0.0043780 500.76 1.1040 0.50076 0.0011040 1985.8 1.9858 8.3143 1010 8.3143 107 8314.3 8.3143 Volume Unit ft3 cm3 cm3 ft3 ft3 cm3 m3 m3 m3 cm3 m3 cm3 m3 cm3 Temperature Unit R R R R R R K K K K K K K K Mass (mole) Unit lbm lbm g lbm lbm g kg g kg g kg g kg g Gas Constant R 10.7315 303,880 669.94 0.73991 0.73023 45.586 8314.3 8.3143 8.3143 8314.3 0.083143 83.143 0.082055 82.055

where R is the universal gas constant given in Appendix A for various units (Table A-2). In customary units, R + 10.73146 psia ft 3 , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3.23) R lbm mol p lbm . psia TR Vft m
unit unit unit 3 unit

while for other units, R can be calculated from the relation R + 10.73146 . . . . . . . . (3.24)

For example, the gas constant for SPE-preferred SI units is given by R + 10.73146 kPa 6.894757 psia
3

R 1.8 K

0.02831685 m 2.204623 lbm kg ft

3

+ 8.3143

kPa @ m 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3.25) K @ kmol

The gas constant can also be expressed in terms of energy units (e.g., R+8.3143 J/mol@K); note that J+N@m+(N/m2) m3+Pa@m3. In this case, the conversion from one unit system to another is given by R + 8.3143

EJ TK mg .
unit unit unit

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3.26)